Carbon emission monitoring method, device, equipment, storage medium and program product

Abstract

The present invention discloses a carbon emission monitoring method, device, equipment, storage medium and program product. The method is executed by a blockchain node, and the method includes: responding to a transaction request of a monitoring node, initiating a consensus to a blockchain corresponding to a carbon monitoring group to which the monitoring node belongs based on the transaction request, and judging whether a consensus is reached in the blockchain on the transaction request; when a consensus is reached on the transaction request, uploading the carbon emission data in the transaction request to the blockchain; performing carbon emission monitoring based on first uplink data and second uplink data in the blockchain, the first uplink data including carbon emission uplink data of an air-based monitoring node and a space-based monitoring node, and the second uplink data including carbon emission uplink data of a space-based monitoring node and a ground-based monitoring node, thereby realizing integrated air-ground-space carbon emission monitoring, improving the diversity of carbon emission data, and the carbon emission uplink data effectively ensures the accuracy and credibility of the carbon emission data.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of blockchain technology, and in particular to a carbon emission monitoring method, device, equipment, storage medium and program product. Background Art

[0002] As the global climate change issue becomes increasingly prominent, carbon emissions have become the focus of public attention. In order to achieve the dual carbon goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality, advanced and effective technical means must be used to monitor carbon emissions in real time.

[0003] In industries such as energy, industry, and construction that are dominated by fixed emission sources, carbon emissions are usually monitored at fixed points. However, carbon emissions in transportation scenarios are mainly from mobile sources, and the forms of mobile sources are diverse and the movement paths are complex. Simply setting up fixed monitoring stations cannot meet the requirements for real-time and accurate monitoring of carbon emission data. Against this background, global carbon emission monitoring technology has emerged and has become an indispensable and important technical support for achieving dual carbon goals. However, the current monitoring technologies are all single and have limited scope of application. It is necessary to select corresponding monitoring technologies according to different application scenarios, and they are not universal and general. More importantly, there is a problem of data leakage when monitoring data from different systems are interoperable. Summary of the invention

[0004] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a carbon emission monitoring method, device, equipment, storage medium and program product, aiming to solve the technical problems that the existing carbon emission monitoring method is single, not universal, and there is a risk of data leakage when the monitoring data is interoperable.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a carbon emission monitoring method, which is executed by a blockchain node and includes:

[0006] In response to a transaction request of a monitoring node, based on the transaction request, a consensus is initiated to a blockchain corresponding to a carbon monitoring group to which the monitoring node belongs, and it is determined whether the transaction request has reached a consensus in the blockchain, wherein the carbon monitoring group includes a first group and a second group, the monitoring nodes in the first group include air-based monitoring nodes and space-based monitoring nodes, and the monitoring nodes in the second group include space-based monitoring nodes and ground-based monitoring nodes;

[0007] When consensus is reached on the transaction request, the carbon emission data in the transaction request is uploaded to the chain;

[0008] Carbon emission monitoring is performed based on first on-chain data in the blockchain corresponding to the first group and second on-chain data in the blockchain corresponding to the second group, the first on-chain data including the carbon emission on-chain data of the air-based monitoring node and the space-based monitoring node, and the second on-chain data including the carbon emission on-chain data of the space-based monitoring node and the ground-based monitoring node.

[0009] Optionally, when the carbon monitoring group is the first group, the responding to the transaction request of the monitoring node, initiating a consensus to a blockchain corresponding to the carbon monitoring group to which the monitoring node belongs based on the transaction request, and determining whether the transaction request reaches a consensus in the blockchain, includes:

[0010] In response to a transaction request from a monitoring node, adding the transaction request to a transaction list, the transaction list including at least one transaction request to be verified;

[0011] Verifying the transaction requests in the transaction list according to the execution order of the transaction list;

[0012] Generate a prepare message based on the verified transaction request;

[0013] Broadcasting the preparation message to each monitoring node in the blockchain corresponding to the first group to initiate consensus on the blockchain corresponding to the first group;

[0014] Listen to the verification result message fed back by each monitoring node based on the preparation message;

[0015] Based on the monitoring result, it is determined whether the transaction request has reached a consensus in the blockchain.

[0016] Optionally, judging whether the transaction request reaches a consensus in the blockchain based on the monitoring result includes:

[0017] Determine the verified nodes among the monitoring nodes based on the monitoring results;

[0018] Determine the target carbon credit value of the verified node;

[0019] Comparing the target carbon credit value with a carbon credit threshold;

[0020] Based on the carbon credit value comparison result, it is determined whether the transaction request has reached a consensus in the blockchain.

[0021] Optionally, before comparing the target carbon credit value with the carbon credit threshold, the method further includes:

[0022] Obtaining service contribution information, server status information, and interactive activity information of each monitoring node in the blockchain corresponding to the first group;

[0023] Determining an initial carbon credit value of each monitoring node according to the service contribution information, the server status information and the interactive activity information;

[0024] Filtering a plurality of candidate nodes from each monitoring node based on the initial carbon reputation value;

[0025] A carbon reputation threshold is generated according to the total carbon reputation values ​​of the plurality of candidate nodes.

[0026] Optionally, when the carbon monitoring group is the second group, the responding to the transaction request of the monitoring node, initiating a consensus to the blockchain corresponding to the carbon monitoring group to which the monitoring node belongs based on the transaction request, and determining whether the transaction request reaches a consensus in the blockchain, includes:

[0027] In response to the transaction request of the monitoring node, determining the node identity information of each monitoring node in the blockchain corresponding to the second group;

[0028] Determine an authoritative node among each monitoring node based on the node identity information;

[0029] Verifying the transaction request;

[0030] Broadcast the verified transaction request to each authoritative node so that the authoritative node can conduct consensus voting on the transaction request;

[0031] Monitor the consensus voting results of each authoritative node;

[0032] Based on the monitoring result, it is determined whether the transaction request has reached a consensus in the blockchain.

[0033] Optionally, before initiating consensus to a blockchain corresponding to a carbon monitoring group to which the monitoring node belongs based on the transaction request in response to the transaction request of the monitoring node, the method further includes:

[0034] In response to an authentication request from an entity node, obtaining identity information and a public key of the entity node based on the authentication request;

[0035] Performing node audit on the entity node according to the identity information and the public key;

[0036] After the entity node passes the review, a node identity corresponding to the entity node is generated based on the identity information and the public key;

[0037] The node identity is sent to the entity node, so that the entity node is added to the blockchain corresponding to the carbon monitoring group to which it belongs based on the node identity.

[0038] In addition, to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention also proposes a carbon emission monitoring device, which includes:

[0039] A consensus judgment module, configured to respond to a transaction request of a monitoring node, initiate a consensus to a blockchain corresponding to a carbon monitoring group to which the monitoring node belongs based on the transaction request, and judge whether a consensus has been reached in the blockchain for the transaction request, wherein the carbon monitoring group includes a first group and a second group, the monitoring nodes in the first group include air-based monitoring nodes and space-based monitoring nodes, and the monitoring nodes in the second group include space-based monitoring nodes and ground-based monitoring nodes;

[0040] A data uploading module, used to upload the carbon emission data in the transaction request to the chain when the transaction request reaches a consensus;

[0041] A carbon emission monitoring module is used to perform carbon emission monitoring based on first on-chain data in the blockchain corresponding to the first group and second on-chain data in the blockchain corresponding to the second group, wherein the first on-chain data includes the carbon emission on-chain data of the air-based monitoring node and the space-based monitoring node, and the second on-chain data includes the carbon emission on-chain data of the space-based monitoring node and the ground-based monitoring node.

[0042] In addition, to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention also proposes a carbon emission monitoring device, which includes: a memory, a processor, and a carbon emission monitoring program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, and the carbon emission monitoring program is configured to implement the steps of the carbon emission monitoring method described above.

[0043] In addition, to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention also proposes a storage medium, on which a carbon emission monitoring program is stored, and when the carbon emission monitoring program is executed by a processor, the steps of the carbon emission monitoring method described above are implemented.

[0044] In addition, to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention also provides a computer program product, which includes a carbon emission monitoring program, and when the carbon emission monitoring program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the carbon emission monitoring method described above.

[0045] The present invention responds to a transaction request of a monitoring node, initiates a consensus to a blockchain corresponding to a carbon monitoring group to which the monitoring node belongs based on the transaction request, and determines whether the transaction request has reached a consensus in the blockchain, wherein the carbon monitoring group includes a first group and a second group, the monitoring nodes in the first group include air-based monitoring nodes and space-based monitoring nodes, and the monitoring nodes in the second group include space-based monitoring nodes and ground-based monitoring nodes; when the transaction request reaches a consensus, the carbon emission data in the transaction request is uploaded to the blockchain; carbon emission monitoring is performed based on first uploaded data in the blockchain corresponding to the first group and second uploaded data in the blockchain corresponding to the second group, wherein the first uploaded data includes the carbon emission uploaded data of the air-based monitoring nodes and the space-based monitoring nodes, and the second uploaded data includes the carbon emission uploaded data of the air-based monitoring nodes and the space-based monitoring nodes, and the carbon emission uploaded data of the ground-based monitoring nodes is uploaded to the blockchain. Including the carbon emission chain data of the space-based monitoring node and the ground-based monitoring node; because the present invention responds to the transaction requests of the space-based monitoring node, the space-based monitoring node and / or the ground-based monitoring node, after the transaction request reaches a blockchain consensus, the carbon emission data in the transaction request is chained, thereby realizing the integrated management of the air-space-ground-carbon monitoring data, monitoring the carbon emission data from multiple dimensions, effectively improving the coverage and monitoring accuracy of carbon emission monitoring, realizing all-round monitoring of carbon emissions, achieving a balance between large scale and high precision, and chaining the carbon emission data on the block, thereby providing a safe and reliable data access, storage and circulation platform for carbon monitoring data, realizing the collaborative cooperation in carbon data governance among multiple subjects, effectively improving the credibility and security of the monitoring data, and improving the reliability and accuracy of carbon monitoring. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a carbon emission monitoring device in a hardware operating environment involved in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the process of the first embodiment of the carbon emission monitoring method of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the air-space-ground integrated carbon monitoring network architecture in the first embodiment of the carbon emission monitoring method of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the entity node authentication process in the first embodiment of the carbon emission monitoring method of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 5 This is a flow chart of a second embodiment of the carbon emission monitoring method of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a process flow of a third embodiment of a carbon emission monitoring method according to the present invention;

[0052] Figure 7 This is a structural block diagram of the first embodiment of the carbon emission monitoring device of the present invention.

[0053] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0055] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a carbon emission monitoring device in the hardware operating environment involved in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0056] like Figure 1 As shown, the carbon emission monitoring device may include: a processor 1001, such as a central processing unit (CPU), a communication bus 1002, a user interface 1003, a network interface 1004, and a memory 1005. Among them, the communication bus 1002 is used to realize the connection and communication between these components. The user interface 1003 may include a display screen (Display), an input unit such as a keyboard (Keyboard), and the optional user interface 1003 may also include a standard wired interface and a wireless interface. The network interface 1004 may optionally include a standard wired interface and a wireless interface (such as a wireless fidelity (Wireless-Fidelity, WI-FI) interface). The memory 1005 may be a high-speed random access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), or a stable non-volatile memory (Non-Volatile Memory, NVM), such as a disk storage. The memory 1005 may also be a storage device independent of the aforementioned processor 1001.

[0057] Those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 1 The structure shown in the figure does not constitute a limitation on the carbon emission monitoring device, and may include more or less components than shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or arrange the components differently.

[0058] like Figure 1 As shown, the memory 1005 as a storage medium may include an operating system, a network communication module, a user interface module, and a carbon emission monitoring program.

[0059] exist Figure 1In the carbon emission monitoring device shown, the network interface 1004 is mainly used for data communication with the network server; the user interface 1003 is mainly used for data interaction with the user; the processor 1001 and the memory 1005 in the carbon emission monitoring device of the present invention can be set in the carbon emission monitoring device, and the carbon emission monitoring device calls the carbon emission monitoring program stored in the memory 1005 through the processor 1001, and executes the carbon emission monitoring method provided by the embodiment of the present invention.

[0060] The present invention provides a method for monitoring carbon emissions. Figure 2 , Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the process of the first embodiment of the carbon emission monitoring method of the present invention.

[0061] In this embodiment, the carbon emission monitoring method is executed by a blockchain node, and the carbon emission monitoring method includes the following steps:

[0062] Step S10: In response to the transaction request of the monitoring node, based on the transaction request, a consensus is initiated to the blockchain corresponding to the carbon monitoring group to which the monitoring node belongs, and it is determined whether the transaction request has reached a consensus in the blockchain.

[0063] It should be noted that the execution subject of this embodiment can be a computing service device with data processing, network communication and program running functions, such as a tablet computer, a personal computer, a mobile phone, etc., or an electronic device capable of realizing the above functions, etc. The following takes a carbon emission monitoring device (hereinafter referred to as the monitoring device) as an example to illustrate this embodiment and the following embodiments.

[0064] It should be noted that the carbon monitoring group includes a first group and a second group. The monitoring nodes in the first group include air-based monitoring nodes and space-based monitoring nodes, and the monitoring nodes in the second group include space-based monitoring nodes and ground-based monitoring nodes.

[0065] It can be understood that the above-mentioned air-based monitoring nodes can be monitoring nodes that use satellite remote sensing technology. The air-based monitoring nodes can obtain the distribution information of surface carbon dioxide concentration, have global coverage, and can monitor a wide range of carbon emission changes in real time, thereby realizing macro-scale carbon emission monitoring.

[0066] The above-mentioned space-based monitoring nodes can be monitoring nodes using drone monitoring technology. The sensors carried by drones can perform high-resolution carbon emission monitoring in a specific area. Drones have the advantages of high flexibility and low cost, and can collect carbon emission data in complex terrain or hard-to-reach areas.

[0067] The above-mentioned ground-based monitoring nodes can be monitoring nodes that utilize ground monitoring stations. The ground-based monitoring nodes can obtain accurate carbon emission data by: deploying fixed-point ground atmospheric monitoring stations in key areas and continuously monitoring parameters such as carbon dioxide concentration, wind speed and direction in the atmosphere.

[0068] It should be noted that this embodiment can be applied to an integrated air-space-ground-carbon monitoring network architecture, which integrates satellite remote sensing, drone observation, ground site monitoring and other means to achieve comprehensive, efficient and accurate monitoring of carbon emissions.

[0069] Reference Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the air-space-ground integrated carbon monitoring network architecture. The air-space-ground integrated carbon monitoring network architecture is divided into three levels from top to bottom: air-based monitoring layer (L1 layer), space-based monitoring layer (L2 layer) and ground-based monitoring layer (L3 layer). In this embodiment, the air-based monitoring node can be a monitoring node in the air-based monitoring layer, the space-based monitoring node can be a monitoring node in the space-based monitoring layer, and the ground-based monitoring node can be a monitoring node in the ground-based monitoring layer.

[0070] Among them, the air-based monitoring layer refers to satellite remote sensing, which is responsible for large-scale and rapid carbon concentration monitoring. Using the infrared sensors carried by carbon satellites, infrared radiation, laser scattering and other signals on the earth's surface can be received and processed to extract the concentration and distribution information of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. At the same time, combined with the atmospheric transmission model and inversion algorithm, the carbon satellite measured spectral data obtained by remote sensing satellites can be inverted to obtain carbon concentration data in the corresponding observation area.

[0071] The space-based monitoring layer consists of drones on high-altitude platforms, which can conduct small and medium-scale monitoring of mobile carbon emission sources such as transportation or areas with special terrain. Drones fly over the target area and use their high-precision gas sensors to detect and collect greenhouse gases in the air in real time, and transmit the monitored carbon emission data to the ground control center.

[0072] The ground-based monitoring layer is composed of fixed roadside units (RSUs) on the ground. Fixed monitoring stations (RSUs) are deployed in scenes with typical carbon emission characteristics (such as roads with high traffic volume or congestion, industrial chemical parks, etc.) and equipped with carbon emission monitors to achieve high-precision and continuous ground carbon emission monitoring.

[0073] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the first group may be a monitoring group composed of an air-based monitoring layer (L1 layer) and a space-based monitoring layer (L2 layer), that is, the monitoring nodes in the first group are derived from the L1 layer and the L2 layer. In this embodiment, the second group may be a monitoring group composed of a space-based monitoring layer (L2 layer) and a ground-based monitoring layer (L3 layer), that is, the monitoring nodes in the second group are derived from the L2 layer and the L3 layer.

[0074] It should be noted that, considering that the integrated air-ground-space network is more vulnerable to attacks such as hijacking and counterfeiting than traditional wireless networks, this embodiment designs a node identity authentication and cross-layer node consensus mechanism based on distributed ledger technology to ensure the security and non-tamperability of carbon emission data during storage and circulation, and realize trusted collaborative sharing of carbon data.

[0075] It can be understood that this embodiment utilizes the distributed ledger technology and consensus mechanism in the blockchain technology, and provides reliable identity authentication and distributed collaborative sharing and management methods of carbon data in view of the multi-party participation characteristics of the integrated air-ground-space carbon monitoring network architecture.

[0076] In the specific implementation, the monitoring equipment can be based on the blockchain of the three-layer network architecture of air-ground integration, which belongs to the nature of the alliance chain. The air-based monitoring layer and the space-based monitoring layer are defined as the first group, and the space-based monitoring layer and the ground-based monitoring layer are defined as the second group. Combined with the number of nodes in the network architecture and the actual carbon emission data monitoring business, the structure of the first group is relatively scattered, and the monitored data is highly sensitive, so the PBFT consensus mechanism can be used in the first group; while in the second group, one drone detection range corresponds to multiple RSUs, and the network structure tends to be centralized, so the cross-layer POA consensus mechanism can be used in the second group.

[0077] Furthermore, in order to improve the credibility of the monitoring nodes and data security, before the above step S10, the following steps may be included:

[0078] In response to an authentication request from an entity node, obtaining identity information and a public key of the entity node based on the authentication request;

[0079] Performing node audit on the entity node according to the identity information and the public key;

[0080] After the entity node passes the review, a node identity corresponding to the entity node is generated based on the identity information and the public key;

[0081] The node identity is sent to the entity node, so that the entity node is added to the blockchain corresponding to the carbon monitoring group to which it belongs based on the node identity.

[0082] It should be noted that each monitoring entity in the network is called an entity node. Each legitimate node holds a ledger, and each node needs to be authenticated before joining the network. During the authentication process, the node needs to pass a series of identity authentication and generate a public key and private key pair. The public key is used to identify the node, and the private key is used for encryption and signing operations to ensure the security and integrity of the information. The node authentication process is an important guarantee for nodes in the network to send and receive secure information. Nodes that have completed authentication are considered legitimate nodes, also known as access nodes. Only access nodes can participate in the blockchain ledger sharing in the entire network architecture.

[0083] It is understandable that the nodes in the integrated air-ground network are relatively dispersed. If traditional digital identity authentication is used using public key infrastructure (PKI), it may be difficult to select a centralized trust agency to verify and manage digital certificates to prove the identity of users, and there are certain single point failures and trust risks. Considering that the integrated air-ground network architecture includes satellite nodes and drone nodes, which have the characteristics of high flexibility, high scalability and high mobility, this proposal adopts an improved decentralized authentication method to perform digital identity authentication on nodes in the network.

[0084] It should be noted that the entity node authentication process refers to Figure 4 , the authentication steps are as follows:

[0085] 1. When a physical node enters the network for the first time, it needs to submit a certificate application to the upper-level issuing node, which includes the node's own information and the generated public key.

[0086] 2. After receiving the application, the issuing node verifies the legitimacy of its identity and public key. After the review is passed, a unique identifier is generated for the node, and it is issued to the corresponding applicant node together with the node information and public key as an identity certificate. The applicant node thus becomes a certificated node, which is an entity that uses the certificate for identity authentication.

[0087] 3. The certified node adds its identity certificate to the blockchain distributed storage system, thereby completing the node authentication process and can join the blockchain system as an access node.

[0088] 4. During the node communication process, the certified node will attach its own identity certificate at the same time as the transaction. The node receiving the transaction can find and verify the identity of the other party in the blockchain system based on the unique identifier, and can only conduct subsequent transactions after verification.

[0089] It is understandable that, due to the high reliability and security of satellite communications, wide coverage, and the ability to meet the expanding needs of integrated air-ground network services, in the first group (i.e., air-based monitoring layer and space-based monitoring layer), carbon satellites are selected as the issuing nodes. UAV nodes are used as the certificate-holding nodes; in the second group (i.e., space-based monitoring layer and ground-based monitoring layer), UAVs are selected as the issuing nodes of the second group and RSUs are used as the certificate-holding nodes because of their fast deployment and high flexibility, which can cover areas that are difficult to reach by ground infrastructure and support dynamic network topology. Blockchain systems are used to store and manage decentralized identity records and transactions. It provides an immutable ledger that records all identity-related activities to ensure transparency and integrity.

[0090] Step S20: When a consensus is reached on the transaction request, the carbon emission data in the transaction request is uploaded to the chain.

[0091] It should be noted that in the second group, when the monitoring device determines that the transaction request has reached a consensus, the monitoring device will execute the transaction corresponding to the transaction request, hash and encrypt the monitored carbon data file on the chain, and at the same time the monitoring device will broadcast the result to each node in the group, and record the transaction that has reached consensus in the blockchain or other distributed ledgers to ensure the data is tamper-proof and traceable.

[0092] It is understandable that in order to achieve trust between groups, the monitoring device introduces practical Byzantine fault tolerance (PBFT) in the first group to achieve cross-layer consensus at the three levels of L1-L2-L3. After the monitoring device determines that the transaction request has reached a consensus in the first group, it considers that the transaction proposal is legal and adds the new data block to its local copy, thereby reaching a consensus across the entire network.

[0093] Step S30: Perform carbon emission monitoring based on the first on-chain data in the blockchain corresponding to the first group and the second on-chain data in the blockchain corresponding to the second group.

[0094] It should be noted that the first uplink data includes the carbon emission uplink data of the air-based monitoring node and the space-based monitoring node, and the second uplink data includes the carbon emission uplink data of the space-based monitoring node and the ground-based monitoring node.

[0095] It can be understood that this embodiment utilizes the distributed ledger and decentralized characteristics of blockchain technology to provide a reliable node identity authentication mechanism for the integrated air-space-ground network. Different carbon data subjects can freely access the chain in the form of nodes, breaking the data "island" phenomenon in which multiple subjects adopt different data acquisition methods, each store and maintain carbon data, and lack carbon data governance and collaborative sharing. It realizes on-chain governance of carbon emission data to ensure the authenticity and credibility of the data.

[0096] This embodiment responds to a transaction request of a monitoring node, initiates a consensus to a blockchain corresponding to a carbon monitoring group to which the monitoring node belongs based on the transaction request, and determines whether a consensus has been reached on the transaction request in the blockchain, wherein the carbon monitoring group includes a first group and a second group, the monitoring nodes in the first group include air-based monitoring nodes and space-based monitoring nodes, and the monitoring nodes in the second group include space-based monitoring nodes and ground-based monitoring nodes; when a consensus is reached on the transaction request, the carbon emission data in the transaction request is uploaded to the chain; carbon emission monitoring is performed based on first uploaded chain data in the blockchain corresponding to the first group and second uploaded chain data in the blockchain corresponding to the second group, the first uploaded chain data including carbon emission uploaded chain data of the air-based monitoring nodes and the space-based monitoring nodes, and the second uploaded chain data Including the carbon emission chain data of the space-based monitoring node and the ground-based monitoring node; since this embodiment responds to the transaction requests of the space-based monitoring node, the space-based monitoring node and / or the ground-based monitoring node, after the transaction request reaches a blockchain consensus, the carbon emission data in the transaction request is chained, thereby realizing the integrated management of air-space-ground-carbon monitoring data, monitoring carbon emission data from multiple dimensions, effectively improving the coverage and monitoring accuracy of carbon emission monitoring, realizing all-round monitoring of carbon emissions, and achieving a balance between large scale and high precision. By chaining the carbon emission data on the block, a safe and reliable data access, storage and circulation platform is provided for carbon monitoring data, realizing collaborative cooperation in carbon data governance among multiple subjects, effectively improving the credibility and security of monitoring data, and improving the reliability and accuracy of carbon monitoring.

[0097] refer to Figure 5 , Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the process of the second embodiment of the carbon emission monitoring method of the present invention.

[0098] Based on the above first embodiment, in this embodiment, when the carbon monitoring group is the first group, the step S10 further includes:

[0099] Step S101: In response to a transaction request from a monitoring node, the transaction request is added to a transaction list, wherein the transaction list includes at least one transaction request to be verified.

[0100] It should be noted that when the initiating node of the transaction request is a monitoring node in the first group (that is, when the initiating node of the transaction request is an air-based monitoring node or a space-based monitoring node), Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance PBFT can be introduced to achieve cross-layer consensus at three levels: air-based monitoring node layer, space-based monitoring node layer, and ground-based monitoring layer. The PBFT consensus algorithm has the advantages of low resource consumption, high efficiency, high consistency and maturity, and can tolerate less than 1 / 3 of malicious or faulty nodes during the consensus process. However, the selection of the leader node of the algorithm follows a predetermined rule or rotation mechanism, which may have a low degree of decentralization, and it is impossible to dynamically select the leader node according to the carbon emissions of each MMAU group, and it is impossible to form an effective carbon emission reduction incentive. Therefore, this embodiment can improve the PBFT consensus algorithm.

[0101] It is understandable that this embodiment proposes the concept of "carbon reputation value" as the equity value in the consensus algorithm, selects a part of the nodes with large carbon reputation value as voting nodes, and the voting nodes take turns to serve as the leader node to optimize the consistency consensus process of PBFT. The carbon reputation value (R) can be quantified from three dimensions: the service contribution of the node (C), the server status of the node (U), and the social activity of the node (S).

[0102] It should be noted that each monitoring node in the blockchain corresponding to the first group can pre-calculate its own carbon credit value, and then select a part of the nodes from each monitoring node as candidate nodes based on the carbon credit value, and add the candidate nodes to the candidate pool. The candidate nodes in the candidate pool then take turns as leader nodes to process transaction requests initiated by other nodes.

[0103] In the specific implementation, the drone node creates and initiates a transaction request, which may include data content, timestamp and other information, and initiates a request to the leader node, while broadcasting the transaction message to other nodes in the system pool. After receiving the proposal, the leader node in the system pool verifies the legitimacy and validity of the transaction, and packages the transaction data within a period of time to generate a new block.

[0104] Step S102: verifying the transaction requests in the transaction list according to the execution order of the transaction list.

[0105] It can be understood that the leader node sorts the unverified transactions and newly generated transactions in order of execution to form a list of transactions to be verified, verifies the legitimacy and validity of the transaction requests in the list based on the execution order of the transaction requests in the transaction list, and packages the transaction data within a period of time to generate a new block.

[0106] Step S103: Generate a preparation message based on the verified transaction request.

[0107] It should be noted that after the leader node verifies the integrity and legitimacy of the transaction request, it adds a digital signature to the verification result and broadcasts the message to other nodes.

[0108] Step S104: broadcast the preparation message to each monitoring node in the blockchain corresponding to the first group to initiate consensus on the blockchain corresponding to the first group.

[0109] It is understandable that after the transaction request is verified, the pre-prepared message signed by the leader node will be broadcast to all other voting nodes, and its broadcast weight is the same as its carbon credit value.

[0110] In the specific implementation, the voting node verifies the integrity and legitimacy of the transaction, adds a digital signature to the verification result, and broadcasts the message to other nodes.

[0111] Step S105: monitoring the verification result message fed back by each monitoring node based on the preparation message.

[0112] It can be understood that the leader node monitors the verification results of the transaction request by other nodes, and filters out the nodes that have passed the verification results from the monitoring results, and determines whether the transaction request is legal based on the number of nodes that have passed the verification results.

[0113] Step S106: Determine whether the transaction request has reached consensus in the blockchain based on the monitoring result.

[0114] It should be noted that the leader node collects the submission messages it receives. If the carbon credit value of the node with a true verification result is higher (for example, more than 2 / 3 of the total carbon credit value of the candidate nodes in the candidate pool), the leader node considers the transaction proposal legal and adds the new data block to its local copy, thereby reaching a consensus on the entire network.

[0115] Furthermore, in order to accurately determine whether a consensus has been reached on the transaction request, thereby ensuring data security, the above step S106 may include:

[0116] Determine the verified nodes among the monitoring nodes based on the monitoring results;

[0117] Determine the target carbon credit value of the verified node;

[0118] Comparing the target carbon credit value with a carbon credit threshold;

[0119] Based on the carbon credit value comparison result, it is determined whether the transaction request has reached a consensus in the blockchain.

[0120] It should be noted that the verified node may be a node whose verification result for the transaction request is true. The above target carbon credit value may be the total carbon credit value of the verified node. The above carbon credit threshold may be a threshold set based on the total carbon credit value of the candidate nodes in the candidate pool, for example, the carbon credit threshold may be 2 / 3 of the total carbon credit value, etc.

[0121] It can be understood that the monitoring device compares the target carbon credit value with the carbon credit threshold. If the target carbon credit value exceeds the carbon credit threshold, the transaction proposal is considered legal and the new data block is added to its local copy, so that the entire network reaches a consensus.

[0122] Furthermore, in order to accurately calculate the carbon credit value of the node, before comparing the target carbon credit value with the carbon credit threshold, the following steps may be included:

[0123] Obtaining service contribution information, server status information, and interactive activity information of each monitoring node in the blockchain corresponding to the first group;

[0124] Determining an initial carbon credit value of each monitoring node according to the service contribution information, the server status information and the interactive activity information;

[0125] Filtering a plurality of candidate nodes from each monitoring node based on the initial carbon reputation value;

[0126] A carbon reputation threshold is generated according to the total carbon reputation values ​​of the plurality of candidate nodes.

[0127] It should be noted that the service contribution information can reflect the situation of the space-based monitoring node (i.e., drone node) managing the ground-based monitoring node (i.e., RSU node) as a service provider over a period of time. The RSU requests processed by the drone node are reflected in the number of successful transactions. The more transactions it completes, the higher its contribution.

[0128] The server status information can be that each drone node is equipped with at least one server for providing computing and communication resources. An idle drone node means that it does not often provide services and has a low degree of interaction with other nodes. On the contrary, the server of a drone node that often provides services is in a busy state, indicating that its contribution to the entire system is high.

[0129] The above-mentioned interactive activity information may be of two types including data sharing transactions and consensus verification messages. Nodes with high interactive activities should have high carbon credit values, which means that they contribute more to the network.

[0130] It can be understood that this embodiment proposes the concept of "carbon reputation value" as the equity value in the consensus algorithm, selects a part of the nodes with large carbon reputation value as voting nodes, and the voting nodes take turns to serve as the leader node to optimize the consistency consensus process of PBFT. The carbon reputation value (R) can be quantified from three dimensions: the service contribution of the node (C), the node server status (U) and the social activity of the node (S). The quantitative calculation of the carbon reputation value refers to the following formula, where the sum of the coefficients of the three factors affecting the carbon reputation value is 1.

[0131]

[0132] In the specific implementation, in order to avoid affecting the operating efficiency of nodes or the entire network, the carbon credit value is not calculated in real time, but is calculated periodically, such as every hour or every day. In the air-ground network architecture, the improved PBFT consensus algorithm is used as the consensus mechanism to ensure that the carbon data between different MMAU groups is authentic.

[0133] For example, the detection equipment divides the consensus into several cycles, and selects 30% of the nodes with the highest carbon credit values ​​in each cycle to form a consensus node candidate pool. The nodes in the candidate pool take turns to serve as leader nodes.

[0134] This embodiment responds to a transaction request from a monitoring node by adding the transaction request to a transaction list, wherein the transaction list includes at least one transaction request to be verified; verifies the transaction requests in the transaction list according to the execution order of the transaction list; generates a preparation message based on the verified transaction request; broadcasts the preparation message to each monitoring node in the blockchain corresponding to the first group to initiate a consensus with the blockchain corresponding to the first group; monitors the verification result message fed back by each monitoring node based on the preparation message; and determines whether the transaction request has reached a consensus in the blockchain based on the monitoring result, thereby improving the on-chain consensus efficiency of carbon emission data of the air-based monitoring node layer and the space-based monitoring node layer, thereby achieving cross-layer consensus of the three levels of the air-based monitoring node layer, the space-based monitoring node layer and the ground-based monitoring layer, effectively improving the data monitoring efficiency and improving the security of the monitoring data.

[0135] refer to Figure 6 , Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the process of the third embodiment of the carbon emission monitoring method of the present invention.

[0136] Based on the above embodiments, in this embodiment, when the carbon monitoring group is the second group, in step S10, the method further includes:

[0137] Step S111: In response to the transaction request of the monitoring node, determine the node identity information of each monitoring node in the blockchain corresponding to the second group.

[0138] It should be noted that the second group may be a monitoring group composed of a space-based monitoring layer and a ground-based monitoring layer, and the monitoring nodes in the second group include space-based monitoring nodes and ground-based monitoring nodes.

[0139] It is understandable that the monitoring area of ​​a single drone node in the second group is called the Minimum Monitoring Area Unit (MMAU). One MMAU may contain multiple RSUs, and two MMAUs may have partial overlaps in areas, because the cruising path or area of ​​a single drone cannot be completely independent. M drone nodes and N RSU nodes constitute a group (usually M<N). The group structure is highly centralized, and an internal private chain can be established within the group for carbon data management and sharing within the group.

[0140] Step S112: determining an authoritative node among the monitoring nodes based on the node identity information.

[0141] It is understandable that the monitoring device can determine the node identity type of each monitoring node in the second group based on the node identity information, for example, determine whether the monitoring node is a space-based monitoring node.

[0142] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the drone node is selected as the central authority node (Authority Node, AN), and the RSU node is selected as the communication access point to participate in the group consensus.

[0143] Step S113: verify the transaction request.

[0144] It should be noted that when the ground-based monitoring nodes in the second group need to execute transactions or transmit data, they need to submit a transaction request to the authoritative node. The transaction request may include information such as transaction content, initiator identity and signature.

[0145] It is understandable that after receiving the transaction request, the authoritative node will verify and review the transaction request, including checking the legitimacy of the transaction and the validity of the signature.

[0146] Step S114: broadcast the verified transaction request to each authoritative node, so that the authoritative node can perform consensus voting on the transaction request.

[0147] It is understandable that according to the POA consensus mechanism, authoritative nodes can adopt a majority voting strategy to reach a consensus. When a certain voting threshold is reached, it is considered that the nodes in the group have reached a consensus.

[0148] Step S115: Monitor the consensus voting results of each authoritative node.

[0149] It should be noted that the consensus voting result may be the result of whether the number of votes for the transaction request exceeds the voting threshold.

[0150] Step S116: Determine whether the transaction request has reached consensus in the blockchain based on the monitoring result.

[0151] It should be noted that this embodiment can use the improved POA consensus mechanism in the second group, and its basic process and steps are as follows:

[0152] 1. In this private chain, drone nodes are highly mobile and can quickly respond to changes in network topology. Therefore, drone nodes are selected as central authority nodes (AN) and RSU nodes are selected as communication access points to participate in group consensus.

[0153] 2. When RSU needs to execute a transaction or transmit data, it needs to submit a transaction proposal to AN, including information such as transaction content, initiator identity and signature.

[0154] 3. After receiving the transaction proposal, AN will conduct verification and review, including checking the legality of the transaction and the validity of the signature.

[0155] 4. According to the POA consensus mechanism, ANs will adopt a majority voting strategy to reach a consensus. When a certain voting threshold is reached, it is considered that the nodes in the group have reached a consensus.

[0156] 5. Once a consensus is reached, AN will execute the corresponding transaction, hash and encrypt the monitored carbon data file on the chain, and AN will broadcast the results to each node in the group.

[0157] 6. The system records the transactions that have reached consensus in the blockchain or other distributed ledgers to ensure the data is tamper-proof and traceable.

[0158] This embodiment determines the node identity information of each monitoring node in the blockchain corresponding to the second group in response to the transaction request of the monitoring node, determines the authoritative node in each monitoring node based on the node identity information, verifies the transaction request, broadcasts the verified transaction request to each authoritative node, so that the authoritative node performs consensus voting on the transaction request, monitors the consensus voting results of each authoritative node, and determines whether the transaction request has reached a consensus in the blockchain based on the monitoring results, thereby achieving data consensus between the space-based monitoring layer and the ground-based monitoring layer, improving the on-chain consensus efficiency of carbon emission data, thereby achieving cross-layer consensus at three levels: air-based monitoring node layer, space-based monitoring node layer, and ground-based monitoring layer, effectively improving data monitoring efficiency and improving the security of monitoring data.

[0159] In addition, an embodiment of the present invention further proposes a storage medium, on which a carbon emission monitoring program is stored. When the carbon emission monitoring program is executed by a processor, the steps of the carbon emission monitoring method described above are implemented.

[0160] In addition, an embodiment of the present invention further proposes a computer program product, including a carbon emission monitoring program, which implements the steps of the carbon emission monitoring method described above when executed by a processor.

[0161] The specific implementation methods of the computer program product of the present invention are basically the same as the above-mentioned embodiments of the carbon emission monitoring method, and will not be repeated here.

[0162] Reference Figure 7 , Figure 7 This is a structural block diagram of the first embodiment of the carbon emission monitoring device of the present invention.

[0163] like Figure 7 As shown, the carbon emission monitoring device proposed in the embodiment of the present invention includes:

[0164] A consensus judgment module 10 is used to respond to a transaction request of a monitoring node, initiate a consensus to a blockchain corresponding to a carbon monitoring group to which the monitoring node belongs based on the transaction request, and judge whether the transaction request has reached a consensus in the blockchain, wherein the carbon monitoring group includes a first group and a second group, the monitoring nodes in the first group include air-based monitoring nodes and space-based monitoring nodes, and the monitoring nodes in the second group include space-based monitoring nodes and ground-based monitoring nodes;

[0165] The data uploading module 20 is used to upload the carbon emission data in the transaction request to the chain when the transaction request reaches a consensus;

[0166] The carbon emission monitoring module 30 is used to perform carbon emission monitoring based on the first on-chain data in the blockchain corresponding to the first group and the second on-chain data in the blockchain corresponding to the second group, the first on-chain data including the carbon emission on-chain data of the air-based monitoring node and the space-based monitoring node, and the second on-chain data including the carbon emission on-chain data of the space-based monitoring node and the ground-based monitoring node.

[0167] Furthermore, when the carbon monitoring group is the first group, the consensus judgment module 10 is also used to respond to a transaction request from a monitoring node, add the transaction request to a transaction list, and the transaction list includes at least one transaction request to be verified; verify the transaction requests in the transaction list according to the execution order of the transaction list; generate a preparation message based on the transaction request after verification; broadcast the preparation message to each monitoring node in the blockchain corresponding to the first group to initiate a consensus with the blockchain corresponding to the first group; monitor the verification result message fed back by each monitoring node based on the preparation message; and judge whether the transaction request has reached a consensus in the blockchain based on the monitoring result.

[0168] Furthermore, the consensus judgment module 10 is also used to determine the verified nodes among the monitoring nodes based on the monitoring results; determine the target carbon credit value of the verified nodes; compare the target carbon credit value with the carbon credit threshold; and judge whether the transaction request has reached a consensus in the blockchain based on the carbon credit value comparison result.

[0169] Furthermore, the carbon emission monitoring device further includes:

[0170] The carbon reputation value calculation module 40 is used to obtain the service contribution information, server status information and interactive activity information of each monitoring node in the blockchain corresponding to the first group; determine the initial carbon reputation value of each monitoring node based on the service contribution information, the server status information and the interactive activity information; screen out multiple candidate nodes from each monitoring node based on the initial carbon reputation value; and generate a carbon reputation threshold based on the total carbon reputation value of the multiple candidate nodes.

[0171] Furthermore, when the carbon monitoring group is the second group, the consensus judgment module 10 is also used to respond to the transaction request of the monitoring node, determine the node identity information of each monitoring node in the blockchain corresponding to the second group; determine the authoritative node in each monitoring node based on the node identity information; verify the transaction request; broadcast the verified transaction request to each authoritative node so that the authoritative node performs a consensus vote on the transaction request; monitor the consensus voting results of each authoritative node; and judge whether the transaction request has reached a consensus in the blockchain based on the monitoring results.

[0172] Furthermore, the carbon emission monitoring device further includes:

[0173] The node authentication module 50 is used to respond to the authentication request of the entity node, obtain the identity information and public key of the entity node based on the authentication request; perform node audit on the entity node according to the identity information and the public key; after the entity node passes the audit, generate a node identity corresponding to the entity node based on the identity information and the public key; send the node identity to the entity node, so that the entity node is added to the blockchain corresponding to the carbon monitoring group to which it belongs based on the node identity.

[0174] This embodiment responds to a transaction request of a monitoring node, initiates a consensus to a blockchain corresponding to a carbon monitoring group to which the monitoring node belongs based on the transaction request, and determines whether a consensus has been reached on the transaction request in the blockchain, wherein the carbon monitoring group includes a first group and a second group, the monitoring nodes in the first group include air-based monitoring nodes and space-based monitoring nodes, and the monitoring nodes in the second group include space-based monitoring nodes and ground-based monitoring nodes; when a consensus is reached on the transaction request, the carbon emission data in the transaction request is uploaded to the chain; carbon emission monitoring is performed based on first uploaded chain data in the blockchain corresponding to the first group and second uploaded chain data in the blockchain corresponding to the second group, the first uploaded chain data including carbon emission uploaded chain data of the air-based monitoring nodes and the space-based monitoring nodes, and the second uploaded chain data Including the carbon emission chain data of the space-based monitoring node and the ground-based monitoring node; since this embodiment responds to the transaction requests of the space-based monitoring node, the space-based monitoring node and / or the ground-based monitoring node, after the transaction request reaches a blockchain consensus, the carbon emission data in the transaction request is chained, thereby realizing the integrated management of air-space-ground-carbon monitoring data, monitoring carbon emission data from multiple dimensions, effectively improving the coverage and monitoring accuracy of carbon emission monitoring, realizing all-round monitoring of carbon emissions, and achieving a balance between large scale and high precision. By chaining the carbon emission data on the block, a safe and reliable data access, storage and circulation platform is provided for carbon monitoring data, realizing collaborative cooperation in carbon data governance among multiple subjects, effectively improving the credibility and security of monitoring data, and improving the reliability and accuracy of carbon monitoring.

[0175] The carbon emission monitoring device provided by the present application adopts the carbon emission monitoring method in the above embodiment, which can solve the technical problems of carbon emission monitoring. Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the carbon emission monitoring device provided by the present application are the same as the beneficial effects of the carbon emission monitoring method provided by the above embodiment, and the other technical features in the carbon emission monitoring device are the same as the features disclosed in the above embodiment method, which will not be repeated here.

[0176] It should be understood that the above is only an example and does not constitute any limitation on the technical solution of the present invention. In specific applications, technicians in this field can make settings as needed, and the present invention does not limit this.

[0177] It should be noted that the workflow described above is merely illustrative and does not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. In practical applications, technicians in this field can select part or all of them according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the present embodiment, and no limitation is made here.

[0178] In addition, for technical details that are not described in detail in this embodiment, reference can be made to the energy-saving method provided in any embodiment of the present invention, and will not be repeated here.

[0179] It should be noted that, in this article, the terms "include", "comprises" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or system including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or system. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the sentence "comprises a ..." does not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or system including the element.

[0180] The serial numbers of the above embodiments of the present invention are only for description and do not represent the advantages or disadvantages of the embodiments.

[0181] Through the description of the above implementation methods, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the above-mentioned embodiment methods can be implemented by means of software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and of course by hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation method. Based on such an understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium (such as a read-only memory / random access memory, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk), and includes a number of instructions for enabling a terminal device (which can be a mobile phone, a computer, a server, an air conditioner, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in each embodiment of the present invention.

[0182] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A carbon emission monitoring method, characterized in that: The carbon emission monitoring method is executed by a blockchain node, and the carbon emission monitoring method includes: In response to a transaction request of a monitoring node, based on the transaction request, a consensus is initiated to a blockchain corresponding to a carbon monitoring group to which the monitoring node belongs, and it is determined whether the transaction request has reached a consensus in the blockchain, wherein the carbon monitoring group includes a first group and a second group, the monitoring nodes in the first group include air-based monitoring nodes and space-based monitoring nodes, and the monitoring nodes in the second group include space-based monitoring nodes and ground-based monitoring nodes; When consensus is reached on the transaction request, the carbon emission data in the transaction request is uploaded to the chain; Carbon emission monitoring is performed based on first on-chain data in the blockchain corresponding to the first group and second on-chain data in the blockchain corresponding to the second group, wherein the first on-chain data includes on-chain carbon emission data of the air-based monitoring node and the space-based monitoring node, and the second on-chain data includes on-chain carbon emission data of the space-based monitoring node and the ground-based monitoring node; When the carbon monitoring group is the first group, the responding to the transaction request of the monitoring node, initiating a consensus to the blockchain corresponding to the carbon monitoring group to which the monitoring node belongs based on the transaction request, and determining whether the transaction request reaches a consensus in the blockchain, includes: In response to a transaction request from a monitoring node, adding the transaction request to a transaction list, the transaction list including at least one transaction request to be verified; Verifying the transaction requests in the transaction list according to the execution order of the transaction list; Generate a prepare message based on the verified transaction request; Broadcasting the preparation message to each monitoring node in the blockchain corresponding to the first group to initiate consensus on the blockchain corresponding to the first group; Listen to the verification result message fed back by each monitoring node based on the preparation message; Determining whether the transaction request has reached consensus in the blockchain based on the monitoring result; or when the carbon monitoring group is the second group, the responding to the transaction request of the monitoring node, initiating a consensus to the blockchain corresponding to the carbon monitoring group to which the monitoring node belongs based on the transaction request, and determining whether the transaction request reaches a consensus in the blockchain, including: In response to the transaction request of the monitoring node, determining the node identity information of each monitoring node in the blockchain corresponding to the second group; Determine an authoritative node among each monitoring node based on the node identity information; Verifying the transaction request; Broadcast the verified transaction request to each authoritative node so that the authoritative node can conduct consensus voting on the transaction request; Monitor the consensus voting results of each authoritative node; Based on the monitoring result, it is determined whether the transaction request has reached a consensus in the blockchain.

2. The carbon emission monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The determining, based on the monitoring result, whether the transaction request has reached a consensus in the blockchain includes: Determine the verified nodes among the monitoring nodes based on the monitoring results; Determine the target carbon credit value of the verified node; Comparing the target carbon credit value with a carbon credit threshold; Based on the carbon credit value comparison result, it is determined whether the transaction request has reached a consensus in the blockchain.

3. The carbon emission monitoring method according to claim 2, characterized in that: Before comparing the target carbon credit value with the carbon credit threshold, the method further includes: Obtaining service contribution information, server status information, and interactive activity information of each monitoring node in the blockchain corresponding to the first group; Determining an initial carbon credit value of each monitoring node according to the service contribution information, the server status information and the interactive activity information; Filtering a plurality of candidate nodes from each monitoring node based on the initial carbon reputation value; A carbon reputation threshold is generated according to the total carbon reputation values ​​of the plurality of candidate nodes.

4. The carbon emission monitoring method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: Before the step of responding to the transaction request of the monitoring node and initiating a consensus to the blockchain corresponding to the carbon monitoring group to which the monitoring node belongs based on the transaction request, the step further includes: In response to an authentication request from an entity node, obtaining identity information and a public key of the entity node based on the authentication request; Performing node audit on the entity node according to the identity information and the public key; After the entity node passes the review, a node identity corresponding to the entity node is generated based on the identity information and the public key; The node identity is sent to the entity node, so that the entity node is added to the blockchain corresponding to the carbon monitoring group to which it belongs based on the node identity.

5. A carbon emission monitoring device, characterized in that: The carbon emission monitoring device comprises: A consensus judgment module is used to respond to a transaction request of a monitoring node, initiate a consensus to a blockchain corresponding to a carbon monitoring group to which the monitoring node belongs based on the transaction request, and judge whether the transaction request has reached a consensus in the blockchain, wherein the carbon monitoring group includes a first group and a second group, the monitoring nodes in the first group include air-based monitoring nodes and space-based monitoring nodes, and the monitoring nodes in the second group include space-based monitoring nodes and ground-based monitoring nodes; when the carbon monitoring group is the first group, the consensus judgment module is further used to respond to the transaction request of the monitoring node, add the transaction request to a transaction list, the transaction list includes at least one transaction request to be verified; verify the transaction requests in the transaction list according to the execution order of the transaction list; generate a preparation message based on the transaction request after verification; and send the preparation message to the transaction list. The first group includes a first group of carbon monitoring nodes, a second ... A data uploading module, used to upload the carbon emission data in the transaction request to the chain when the transaction request reaches a consensus; A carbon emission monitoring module is used to perform carbon emission monitoring based on first on-chain data in the blockchain corresponding to the first group and second on-chain data in the blockchain corresponding to the second group, wherein the first on-chain data includes the carbon emission on-chain data of the air-based monitoring node and the space-based monitoring node, and the second on-chain data includes the carbon emission on-chain data of the space-based monitoring node and the ground-based monitoring node.

6. A carbon emission monitoring device, characterized in that: The carbon emission monitoring device comprises: a memory, a processor, and a carbon emission monitoring program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the carbon emission monitoring program is configured to implement the carbon emission monitoring method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

7. A storage medium, characterized in that: The storage medium stores a carbon emission monitoring program, and when the carbon emission monitoring program is executed by the processor, the carbon emission monitoring method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is implemented.

8. A computer program product, characterized in that The computer program product comprises a carbon emission monitoring program, and when the carbon emission monitoring program is executed by a processor, the steps of the carbon emission monitoring method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 are implemented.

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