Multi-pitch electrode dynamic strengthening liquid-electric effect arc extinguishing structure and arc extinguishing method

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-pitch electrode dynamic strengthening liquid-electric effect arc extinguishing structure and method, and the structure comprises a lower arc extinguishing device and an upper arc extinguishing device, the top end of the upper arc extinguishing device is vertically and upwardly provided with a grounding rod, and the lower end of the lower arc extinguishing device is provided with a lightning electrode for introducing an arc. The top end of the lower arc-extinguishing device is provided with an arc-extinguishing cylinder liquid supplementing port communicated with the upper arc-extinguishing device, and the arc-extinguishing access end of the upper arc-extinguishing device is electrically connected with the arc-extinguishing leading-out end of the lower arc-extinguishing device; the upper arc-extinguishing device comprises a liquid storage shell used for filling arc-extinguishing liquid and an arc-extinguishing structure arranged in the liquid storage shell, the top end of the lower arc-extinguishing device is provided with an arc-extinguishing cylinder upper electrode electrically connected with the arc-extinguishing structure, and an arc-extinguishing cylinder liquid supplementing opening in the top end of the lower arc-extinguishing device upwards penetrates through the arc-extinguishing cylinder upper electrode and is communicated with the inner bottom end of the liquid storage shell. According to the arc extinguishing method, the arc deposition energy can be improved, the electro-liquid effect arc extinguishing capacity and the power frequency arc reignition restraining capacity can be enhanced, and it is guaranteed that the arc extinguishing effect is in the optimal state.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of lightning protection, and in particular to an arc extinguishing structure and an arc extinguishing method for dynamically strengthening liquid-electric effect of multiple variable-distance electrodes. Background Art

[0002] The general liquid-electric effect arc extinguishing technology is carried out in a closed space, and at the same time, a high-speed, high-intensity liquid-electric effect shock wave pressure is generated to act on the arc-building channel to achieve liquid-electric effect arc extinguishing. Due to the existence of the closed space, the arc length and arc deposition energy formed by the discharge of the lightning current in the arc extinguishing liquid are fixed, so the liquid-electric effect arc extinguishing energy is limited and cannot extinguish the large power frequency continuous current; in addition, the arc extinguishing liquid in the closed arc extinguishing chamber cannot be replaced, which causes the arc extinguishing liquid to deteriorate in quality after multiple arc extinguishing, affecting the overall arc extinguishing effect. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-variable-distance electrode dynamic enhanced liquid-electric effect arc extinguishing structure and arc extinguishing method, which can improve arc deposition energy, enhance the liquid-electric effect arc extinguishing ability and inhibit the power frequency arc reignition ability. Since the insulating liquid does not suffer from lightning deterioration caused by multiple arc extinguishing, the arc extinguishing effect is guaranteed to be in the optimal state. In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical effects:

[0004] According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a multi-variable-distance electrode dynamic enhanced liquid-electric effect arc extinguishing structure, the arc extinguishing structure comprising a lower arc extinguishing device and an upper arc extinguishing device, the top of the upper arc extinguishing device is vertically provided with a grounding rod, the lower end of the lower arc extinguishing device is provided with a lightning contact electrode for introducing an arc, the top of the lower arc extinguishing device is provided with an arc extinguishing cylinder liquid replenishing port connected to the upper arc extinguishing device, and the arc extinguishing access end of the upper arc extinguishing device is electrically connected to the arc extinguishing lead-out end of the lower arc extinguishing device;

[0005] The upper arc-extinguishing device includes a liquid storage shell for filling arc-extinguishing liquid and an arc-extinguishing component arranged in the liquid storage shell. A vertical outward grounding rod is arranged on the top of the liquid storage shell. The top of the lower arc-extinguishing device has an arc-extinguishing tube upper electrode electrically connected to the arc-extinguishing component. The arc-extinguishing tube liquid replenishing port at the top of the lower arc-extinguishing device penetrates upward through the arc-extinguishing tube upper electrode and is connected with the bottom end of the liquid storage shell.

[0006] The above scheme is further preferred, wherein the arc extinguishing assembly includes a multi-stage arc extinguishing ball body connected in series and arranged on the periphery of the inner center of the liquid storage shell, wherein the head end of the arc extinguishing ball body connected in series is connected to the upper electrode of the arc extinguishing tube at the top of the lower arc extinguishing device through the lower electrode of the arc extinguishing ball, and the end of the arc extinguishing ball body connected in series is connected to the grounding rod extending into the liquid storage shell.

[0007] The above scheme is further preferred, wherein the arc extinguishing pellets are arranged in a vertical state at the periphery of the center of the liquid storage shell, and the tails of adjacent arc extinguishing pellets are connected by first current guiding electrodes that are staggered up and down, and the ends of the arc extinguishing pellets that are connected in series are connected to the grounding rod extending into the liquid storage shell (20) through the second current guiding electrode.

[0008] The above scheme is further preferred, that the arc extinguishing ball body includes an arc extinguishing ball insulating shell and one or more arc extinguishing chambers which are interconnected and filled with insulating liquid and are arranged in the arc extinguishing ball insulating shell from top to bottom, an upper jet chamber is arranged inside the lower end of the arc extinguishing ball insulating shell, the lower end of the arc extinguishing ball insulating shell is vertically downwardly connected to the arc extinguishing ball lower electrode, the upper end of the arc extinguishing ball lower electrode extends into the upper jet chamber, the lower end of the arc extinguishing ball lower electrode is connected to the arc extinguishing tube upper electrode at the top of the lower arc extinguishing device, an arc extinguishing ball movable electrode which can be guided and moved up and down is arranged in the arc extinguishing chamber, the upper end of the arc extinguishing ball movable electrode extends into the first-stage arc extinguishing chamber, an arc extinguishing ball upper electrode is arranged at the top of the arc extinguishing ball insulating shell, the lower end of the arc extinguishing ball upper electrode extends downward into the first-stage arc extinguishing chamber, and an arc extinguishing ball replenishing channel which is connected with the arc extinguishing ball replenishing port at the top of the arc extinguishing ball insulating shell and the first-stage arc extinguishing chamber is arranged inside the arc extinguishing ball upper electrode.

[0009] The above scheme is further preferred, that the caliber of the upper jet chamber is smaller than the caliber of the last-stage arc extinguishing chamber, and a lower guide plate is slidably provided on the outer wall of the lower end of the movable electrode of the arc extinguishing ball and located in the last-stage arc extinguishing chamber, and the lower guide plate is in the shape of an inverted bowl and extends upward from the upper end of the movable electrode of the arc extinguishing ball to the first-stage arc extinguishing chamber.

[0010] The above scheme is further preferred that the arc extinguishing chamber is a two-stage or three-stage arc extinguishing chamber, and the arc extinguishing chambers between each stage are variable diameter chambers with different diameters, the upper end of the arc extinguishing ball movable electrode is located in the first-stage or second-stage arc extinguishing chamber, and an upper guide plate is horizontally connected and fixed to the upper end of the arc extinguishing ball movable electrode.

[0011] The above scheme is further preferred that each arc extinguishing ball insulating shell is fixed to the bottom of the liquid storage shell by means of an arc extinguishing ball fixing sleeve seat, and an electrode fixing groove for placing the first guide electrode and the second guide electrode is provided near the top and bottom of the liquid storage shell and between adjacent arc extinguishing ball fixing sleeve seats.

[0012] The above scheme is further preferred, wherein the lower arc extinguishing device includes an arc extinguishing cylinder body, an inner insulating tube body arranged along the vertical extension direction of the inner wall of the arc extinguishing cylinder body for filling with arc extinguishing liquid, and a retractable and slidable displacement electrode structure arranged vertically up and down in the center of the inner insulating tube body, an arc extinguishing cylinder upper electrode connected to the displacement electrode structure inside the inner insulating tube body is arranged at the top end of the arc extinguishing cylinder body, the side wall of the arc extinguishing cylinder upper electrode has a connecting portion connected to the arc extinguishing pill lower electrode, an arc extinguishing cylinder replenishing channel connected from the arc extinguishing cylinder replenishing port to the top of the inner insulating tube body is arranged in the center of the arc extinguishing cylinder upper electrode, a discharge electrode extending into the inner insulating tube body is arranged inside the bottom end of the arc extinguishing cylinder body, the bottom end of the discharge electrode is connected to the lightning pole, the top end of the discharge electrode extends into the inner insulating tube body and there is a gap between it and the displacement electrode structure.

[0013] The above scheme is further preferred, in which an upper sealed electrode plate and a lower sealed electrode plate are horizontally arranged at the top and bottom ends near the inside of the arc extinguishing cylinder respectively, an upper arc extinguishing cylinder electrode connected to the upper surface of the upper sealed electrode plate is arranged outside the top end of the arc extinguishing cylinder, a lightning contact electrode connected to the lower surface of the lower sealed electrode plate is arranged outside the bottom end of the arc extinguishing cylinder, an upper metal cavity body extending into the inner insulating tube body is arranged inside the top end of the arc extinguishing cylinder and located on the lower surface of the upper sealed electrode plate, and the arc extinguishing cylinder fluid replenishment channel passes through the arc extinguishing cylinder upper electrode and the upper sealed electrode plate in sequence from the arc extinguishing cylinder fluid replenishment port downward to connect the top end of the upper metal cavity body.

[0014] The above scheme is further preferred, in which a lower jet chamber connected to the lower end of the inner insulating tube body is arranged inside the bottom end of the arc extinguishing cylinder and above the lower sealing electrode plate, the upper end of the shift electrode structure is slidably suspended inside the bottom end of the upper metal cavity, a discharge electrode extending into the lower jet chamber is arranged on the upper surface of the lower sealing electrode plate, the upper end of the lightning electrode is connected to the lower surface of the lower sealing electrode plate, and the lower end of the shift electrode structure extends downward into the lower jet chamber and is arranged with a gap with the discharge electrode.

[0015] The above scheme is further preferred, that the shift electrode structure comprises an upper shift metal tube, a middle shift metal tube, a lower shift metal tube and a shift electrode rod, the upper end of the upper shift metal tube is slidingly suspended in the lower end of the upper metal cavity, the circumferential outer wall of the upper shift metal tube is hollowed out with grid holes along the vertical direction or the horizontal direction, the upper end of the middle shift metal tube is slidingly suspended in the lower end of the upper shift metal tube, the upper end of the lower shift metal tube is slidingly suspended in the lower end of the middle shift metal tube, the upper end of the shift electrode rod is slidingly suspended in the lower end of the lower shift metal tube, the lower end of the shift electrode rod extends downward into the lower jet chamber and is arranged with a gap with the discharge electrode, the upper end opening diameter of the lower jet chamber is smaller than the lower end opening diameter of the inner insulating tube body,

[0016] The above scheme is further preferred, that the interior from the upper end to the lower end of the lower jet chamber is a variable diameter insulating tube cavity with a successively reduced diameter, and a first inverted bowl-shaped disk is fixedly provided at the lower end of the lower displacement metal tube along the lower end opening position of the inner insulating tube body and moves upward with the downward displacement metal tube, and a second inverted bowl-shaped disk is fixed near the outer wall of the lower end of the displacement electrode rod and can move upward from the top of the lower jet chamber to the inner insulating tube body with the displacement electrode rod.

[0017] According to another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for arc extinguishing by dynamically strengthening the liquid-electric effect of multiple variable-distance electrodes, the arc extinguishing method comprising the following steps:

[0018] The lower arc extinguishing device introduces the arc into the lower arc extinguishing device through the lightning electrode at the lower end, and flows into the ground through the upper arc extinguishing device, the grounding rod, and the high-voltage metal pole tower to form an arc path; when the impact arc enters the arc extinguishing cylinder in the lower arc extinguishing device and the multi-stage arc extinguishing balls in the upper arc extinguishing device connected in series, it discharges in the arc extinguishing liquid to form a discharge arc, and the arc deposition energy quickly forms an initial liquid-electric effect, generating an initial liquid-electric effect impact pressure;

[0019] Under the impact of the initial hydraulic-electric effect impact pressure, the shifting electrode structure in the arc extinguishing cylinder and the arc extinguishing pill moving electrodes in the multi-stage arc extinguishing pill bodies connected in series are displaced and the discharge arc is lengthened, which continuously increases the deposition energy of the arc in the arc extinguishing liquid, forming a superposition of hydraulic-electric effect impact pressure intensity, and finally generating a huge hydraulic-electric effect impact pressure, which is reflected on the tube wall and impacts the initial arc-building channel at high speed, instantly blocking the arc and completing the arc extinguishing.

[0020] In summary, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned technical scheme, and the present invention has the following technical effects: the present invention increases the arc breakpoint in the arc extinguishing process by connecting multiple arc extinguishing pills in series, reduces the arc anti-fracture pressure, shortens the total arc extinguishing time, and improves the arc extinguishing success rate; lengthens the arc length by the arc extinguishing displacement electrode structure, increases the deposition energy of the arc in the arc extinguishing fluid, thereby enhancing the liquid-electric effect shock wave pressure and improving the arc extinguishing ability; and realizes the replacement of the old arc extinguishing fluid with the new one by arranging an arc extinguishing fluid replenishment channel in the arc extinguishing chamber, eliminates the lightning strike degradation of the arc extinguishing fluid caused by multiple arc extinguishing, and ensures that the arc extinguishing effect is in the optimal state. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a multi-variable-distance electrode dynamic enhanced liquid-electric effect arc extinguishing structure of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a multi-variable-distance electrode dynamic enhanced liquid-electric effect arc extinguishing structure of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the upper arc extinguishing device of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the internal front view structure of a multi-variable-distance electrode dynamic enhanced liquid-electric effect arc extinguishing structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the arc extinguishing pill body of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the lower arc extinguishing device of the present invention;

[0027] In the accompanying drawings, in the accompanying drawings, the lower arc extinguishing device 1, the arc extinguishing cylinder body 100, the lightning contact electrode 101, the arc extinguishing cylinder replenishing port 102, the arc extinguishing cylinder replenishing channel 102a, the arc extinguishing cylinder upper electrode 103, the connecting part 104, the shifting electrode structure 105, the inner insulating tube body 1000, the discharge electrode 1001, the upper sealing plate 1002, the lower sealing plate 1003, the upper metal cavity 1004, the lower jet chamber 1005, the upper shifting metal tube 1051, the grid hole 1051a, the middle shifting metal tube 1052, the lower shifting metal tube 1053, the shifting electrode rod 1054, the first inverted bowl-shaped disk 1055, and the second inverted bowl-shaped disk 1056;

[0028] Upper arc extinguishing device 2, liquid storage shell 20, arc extinguishing assembly 21, grounding rod 22, arc extinguishing ball fixed sleeve seat 23, electrode fixing groove 24, arc extinguishing ball body 210, arc extinguishing ball lower electrode 211, first guide electrode 212, second guide electrode 213, arc extinguishing ball upper electrode 214, arc extinguishing ball liquid replenishment port 215, arc extinguishing ball insulating shell 2100, arc extinguishing chamber 2101, upper jet chamber 2102, arc extinguishing ball movable electrode 2103, arc extinguishing ball liquid replenishment channel 2104, lower guide plate 2105, upper guide plate 2106. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. However, it should be noted that many details listed in the specification are only for the purpose of enabling the reader to have a thorough understanding of one or more aspects of the present invention, and these aspects of the present invention can be implemented even without these specific details.

[0030] Combination Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3As shown, the present invention provides a multi-variable-distance electrode dynamic enhanced liquid-electric effect arc extinguishing structure, the arc extinguishing structure includes a lower arc extinguishing device 1 and an upper arc extinguishing device 2, the top of the upper arc extinguishing device 2 is vertically upwardly provided with a grounding rod 22, and the lower end of the lower arc extinguishing device 1 is provided with a lightning connecting electrode 101 for introducing an arc, the top of the lower arc extinguishing device 1 is provided with an arc extinguishing tube liquid replenishing port 102 connected to the upper arc extinguishing device 2, and the arc extinguishing access end of the upper arc extinguishing device 2 is electrically connected to the arc extinguishing lead-out end of the lower arc extinguishing device 1; the upper arc extinguishing device 2 includes a liquid storage shell 20 for filling arc extinguishing liquid and an arc extinguishing component 21 arranged in the liquid storage shell 20, the vertical outward grounding rod 22 is arranged on the top of the liquid storage shell 20, the top of the lower arc extinguishing device 1 is provided with an arc extinguishing tube upper electrode 103 electrically connected to the arc extinguishing component 21, and the arc extinguishing tube liquid replenishing port 102 at the top of the lower arc extinguishing device 1 passes upward through the arc extinguishing liquid. The upper electrode 103 of the arc tube is connected to the bottom end of the liquid storage shell 20. In the present invention, the lower arc extinguishing device 1 is filled and filled with arc extinguishing liquid (insulating liquid), and the liquid storage shell 20 of the upper arc extinguishing device 2 is filled with arc extinguishing liquid (insulating liquid). When the arc extinguishing structure is struck by lightning, the lower end of the lower arc extinguishing device 1 introduces an arc through the lightning pole 101, and the arc enters the lower arc extinguishing device 1 to generate a liquid-electric effect. The residual arc enters the arc extinguishing component 21 of the upper arc extinguishing device 2 through the upper electrode 103 of the arc extinguishing tube to further generate a liquid-electric effect to achieve a complete arc extinguishing effect. When arc extinguishing consumption occurs in the lower arc extinguishing device 1, the arc extinguishing liquid in the liquid storage shell 20 is replenished to the arc extinguishing device 1 downward through the arc extinguishing tube liquid replenishing port 102. The grounding rod 22 is fixed on the high-voltage metal pole tower, and ensures that the lightning pole 101 is located directly above the transmission line. When lightning strikes, the current flows in through the lightning pole 101, the grounding rod 22, and the high-voltage metal pole tower into the ground.

[0031] In the present invention, if Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the arc extinguishing assembly 21 includes a multi-stage arc extinguishing pill body 210 which is arranged at the periphery of the center of the liquid storage shell 20, wherein the head end of the arc extinguishing pill body 210 connected in series with each other is connected to the arc extinguishing tube upper electrode 103 at the top of the lower arc extinguishing device 1 through the arc extinguishing pill lower electrode 211, and the end of the arc extinguishing pill body 210 connected in series with each other is connected to the grounding rod 22 extending into the liquid storage shell 20; the arc extinguishing pill body 210 is arranged in a vertical state at the periphery of the center of the liquid storage shell 20, and the tails and heads of adjacent arc extinguishing pill bodies 210 are connected by the first current guide electrodes 212 staggered up and down, and the ends of the arc extinguishing pill bodies 210 connected in series with each other are connected by the first current guide electrodes 212 staggered up and down, and the ends of the arc extinguishing pill bodies 210 connected in series with each other are connected by the first current guide electrodes 212 staggered up and down. The two conducting electrodes 213 are connected to the grounding rod 22 extending into the liquid storage shell 20; when the lower end of the lower arc extinguishing device 1 introduces an arc through the connecting lightning electrode 101, the arc enters the lower arc extinguishing device 1 to generate a liquid-electric effect, and the residual arc enters the arc extinguishing component 21 of the upper arc extinguishing device 2 through the upper electrode 103 of the arc extinguishing tube, and the tails and heads of adjacent arc extinguishing pills 210 are connected in series through the first conducting electrodes 212 that are staggered up and down, and the tail of the first arc extinguishing pill 210 and the head of the next arc extinguishing pill 210 are connected in series in sequence, forming a "J" shape surrounding the inner center periphery of the liquid storage shell 20, thereby extending the arc extinguishing path of the residual arc in the arc extinguishing pill 210.

[0032] In the present invention, if Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the arc extinguishing pill body 210 includes an arc extinguishing pill insulating shell 2100 and one or more arc extinguishing chambers 2101 which are interconnected and filled with insulating liquid and are arranged from top to bottom in the arc extinguishing pill insulating shell 2100. An upper jet chamber 2102 is arranged inside the lower end of the arc extinguishing pill insulating shell 2100. The lower end of the arc extinguishing pill insulating shell 2100 is vertically connected to the arc extinguishing pill lower electrode 211 downward, and the upper end of the arc extinguishing pill lower electrode 211 extends into the upper jet chamber 2102. The lower end of the arc extinguishing pill lower electrode 211 is connected to the arc extinguishing tube upper electrode 103 at the top of the lower arc extinguishing device 1. An arc extinguishing pill movable electrode 2103 which can be guided and moved up and down is arranged in the arc extinguishing chamber 2101. In the present invention, as Figure 3 , each arc-extinguishing pellet insulating shell 2100 is fixed to the bottom of the liquid storage shell 20 through the arc-extinguishing pellet fixing sleeve seat 23, and an electrode fixing groove 24 for placing the first guide electrode 212 and the second guide electrode 213 is provided at the top and bottom of the liquid storage shell 20 and between adjacent arc-extinguishing pellet fixing sleeve seats 23. The electrode fixing groove 24 is installed and fixed with the corresponding guide electrode to prevent the guide electrode from shifting or falling off. The electrode fixing groove 24 is made of insulating material to prevent arc flashover and ensure that the current can smoothly pass through all arc-extinguishing pellets to cause liquid-electric effect arc extinguishing. In the present invention, if Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, when an arc extinguishing chamber 2101 is provided in the arc extinguishing pill insulating shell 2100, the upper end of the arc extinguishing pill movable electrode 2103 extends to the middle position inside the arc extinguishing chamber 2101, and the lower end of the arc extinguishing pill movable electrode 2103 is located at the bottom of the arc extinguishing chamber 2101, and an arc extinguishing pill upper electrode 214 is provided at the top of the arc extinguishing pill insulating shell 2100, and the lower end of the arc extinguishing pill upper electrode 214 extends downward to the upper end of the arc extinguishing chamber 2101 and contacts with the stored insulating liquid, and an arc extinguishing pill replenishing port 215 connected to the arc extinguishing pill insulating shell 2100 and the arc extinguishing chamber 2101 is provided inside the arc extinguishing pill upper electrode 214. Liquid channel 2104; the caliber of the upper jet chamber 2102 is smaller than the caliber of the lower port of the arc extinguishing chamber 2101, and a lower guide plate 2105 is slidably provided on the lower outer wall near the arc extinguishing ball movable electrode 2103 and located in the arc extinguishing chamber 2101. The lower guide plate 2105 slides in the arc extinguishing chamber 2101 along with the bottom end of the arc extinguishing ball movable electrode 2103 toward the top end. The lower guide plate 2105 is an inverted bowl shape, extending upward from the upper end of the arc extinguishing ball movable electrode 2103 to the middle position of the arc extinguishing chamber 2101, and an upper guide plate 2106 that can slide along the upper half of the arc extinguishing chamber 2101 is horizontally connected and fixed to the upper end of the arc extinguishing ball movable electrode 2103. After the arc is introduced into the lower end of the lower arc extinguishing device 1 through the lightning electrode 101, the arc enters the lower arc extinguishing device 1 to generate a liquid-electric effect, and the residual arc enters the arc extinguishing assembly 21 of the upper arc extinguishing device 2 through the upper electrode 103 of the arc extinguishing tube, and the residual arc is introduced into the upper jet chamber 2102 through the arc extinguishing pill lower electrode 211 at the lower end of the arc extinguishing pill insulating shell 2100, so that the arc extinguishing liquid pressure in the upper jet chamber 2102 is instantly increased, and the pressure generated by the arc extinguishing liquid acts upward on the lower guide plate 2105, so that the lower The guide plate 2105 moves upward along the inner wall of the lower end of the arc extinguishing chamber 2101, and the lower guide plate 2105 pushes the arc extinguishing ball movable electrode 2103 connected thereto to slide upward in the arc extinguishing chamber 2101, wherein the upper guide plate 2106 on the outer wall of the arc extinguishing ball movable electrode 2103 is in sliding contact with the upper inner wall of the arc extinguishing chamber 2101, and the upper end of the arc extinguishing ball movable electrode 2103 pushes the upper guide plate 2106 to slide upward in the upper end part inside the arc extinguishing chamber 2101.

[0033] In the present invention, if Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, the arc extinguishing chamber 2101 is a two-stage or three-stage arc extinguishing chamber, each stage of the arc extinguishing chamber 2101 is interconnected and filled with insulating liquid, and the arc extinguishing chambers between each stage are variable diameter chambers with different diameters, the upper end of the arc extinguishing pill movable electrode 2103 is located in the first-stage or second-stage arc extinguishing chamber 2101, and an upper guide plate 2106 that can slide along the arc extinguishing chamber 2101 is horizontally connected and fixed to the upper end of the arc extinguishing pill movable electrode 2103, wherein, more specifically, the upper end of the arc extinguishing pill movable electrode 2103 extends into the first-stage (first-stage) arc extinguishing chamber 2101, and the upper end of the arc extinguishing pill movable electrode 2103 extends to the bottom of the first-stage arc extinguishing chamber 2101, and is connected to the first-stage (first-stage) arc extinguishing chamber. The arc-extinguishing pill upper electrode 214 is arranged at the top of the arc-extinguishing pill insulating shell 2100, and the lower end of the arc-extinguishing pill upper electrode 214 extends downward to the upper end of the first-stage arc-extinguishing chamber 2101, and contacts with the stored insulating liquid. The arc-extinguishing pill replenishing channel 2104 connected with the arc-extinguishing pill replenishing port 215 at the top of the arc-extinguishing pill insulating shell 2100 and the first-stage arc-extinguishing chamber 2101 is arranged inside the arc-extinguishing pill upper electrode 214; the caliber of the upper jet chamber 2102 is smaller than the caliber of the last-stage arc-extinguishing chamber 2101, and is located at the outer wall of the lower end of the arc-extinguishing pill movable electrode 2103 and located at the last-stage arc-extinguishing chamber 2 101 is slidably provided with a lower guide plate 2105, which can slide from the bottom end to the top end of the arc extinguishing chamber 2101 of the last stage, and the lower guide plate 2105 is in the shape of an inverted bowl, and extends upward from the upper end of the arc extinguishing pill moving electrode 2103 to the first stage arc extinguishing chamber 2101; the first stage arc extinguishing chamber 2101 is an arc extinguishing chamber composed of a metal tube, and the inner wall of the first stage arc extinguishing chamber 2101 is slidably connected with the outer wall of the upper guide plate 2106, and a first gap 211a located in the upper jet chamber 2102 is provided between the upper end of the arc extinguishing pill lower electrode 211 and the lower end of the arc extinguishing pill moving electrode 2103, and the arc extinguishing pill lower electrode 211 at the lower end of the arc extinguishing pill insulating shell 2100 introduces the residual arc into the upper jet chamber 21 02, the arc is discharged and extinguished in the first gap 211a between the lower electrode 211 of the arc extinguishing pill and the movable electrode 2103 of the arc extinguishing pill, and the lower guide plate 2105 is guided and moved upward along the inner wall of the last (lowest) arc extinguishing chamber 2101, and the lower guide plate 2105 pushes the arc extinguishing pill movable electrode 2103 connected thereto to push the upper guide plate 2106 arranged in the first arc extinguishing chamber 2101, so that the upper guide plate 2106 slides upward in the first arc extinguishing chamber 2101, and the lower guide plate 2105, the arc extinguishing pill movable electrode 2103 and the upper guide plate 2106 are connected as a whole, and the arc extinguishing pill movable electrode 2103 slides together between the respective arc extinguishing chambers 2101 through the upper guide plate 2106 and the lower guide plate 2105;After the arc is introduced into the lower end of the lower arc extinguishing device 1 through the lightning electrode 101, the arc enters the lower arc extinguishing device 1 to generate a liquid-electric effect, and the residual arc enters the arc extinguishing assembly 21 of the upper arc extinguishing device 2 through the upper electrode 103 of the arc extinguishing tube, and the residual arc is introduced into the upper jet chamber 2102 through the arc extinguishing pill lower electrode 211 at the lower end of the arc extinguishing pill insulating shell 2100, so that the arc extinguishing liquid pressure in the upper jet chamber 2102 is instantly enhanced, and the pressure generated by the arc extinguishing liquid acts upward on the lower guide plate 2105, so that the lower guide plate 2105 is guided and moved upward along the inner wall of the last (lowest) arc extinguishing chamber 2101, and the lower guide plate 2105 pushes the arc extinguishing pill moving electrode 2103 connected thereto to slide upward in the first arc extinguishing chamber 2101, wherein the outer wall of the arc extinguishing pill moving electrode 2103 is in sliding contact with the bottom of the lower end of the first arc extinguishing chamber 2101, and the arc extinguishing pill moving electrode The upper end of 2103 pushes the upper guide plate 2106 to slide upward in the first-stage arc extinguishing chamber 2101; when the arc extinguishing is completed, it freely drops downward in the arc extinguishing chamber 2101 due to its own gravity, and the lower guide plate 2105 drops to the bottom of the final arc extinguishing chamber 2101, and the upper guide plate 2106 drops to the bottom of the first-stage arc extinguishing chamber 2101. The upper jet chamber 2102 plays a role in enhancing the arc extinguishing liquid pressure, and the vertical liquid-electric effect impact pressure is increased through the inclined wall reflection of the variable diameter chamber. The enhanced liquid-electric effect impact pressure can accelerate the upward movement of the lower guide plate 2105, quickly lengthen the arc length, and increase the equivalent resistance of the long arc in the confined space. The arc voltage drop, arc power and arc energy, which are proportional to the equivalent resistance of the arc, will increase at the same time, and the arc temperature rise and arc diameter will also increase accordingly. The arc can generate stronger high-temperature expansion force and greater arc energy. The relationship between the impact pressure P of the hydroelectric effect and the arc energy E is:

[0034]

[0035] In the formula, ρ is the specific gravity of the medium (specific gravity of the arc extinguishing liquid or insulating liquid), T is the arc temperature, β is the integral constant, and B is the wave width coefficient. It can be seen from the above formula that when the arc energy E increases, the liquid-electric effect impact pressure P also increases accordingly. Therefore, the present invention can increase the deposition energy of the arc in the arc extinguishing liquid by lengthening the arc length, thereby increasing the peak value of the liquid-electric effect pressure, enhancing the impact ability on the arc, and improving the arc extinguishing ability.

[0036] like Figure 6As shown, the lower arc extinguishing device 1 includes an arc extinguishing cylinder 100, an inner insulating tube 1000 arranged along the vertical extension direction of the inner wall of the arc extinguishing cylinder 100 for filling with arc extinguishing liquid, and a telescopic and slidable displacement electrode structure 105 arranged vertically up and down in the center of the inner insulating tube 1000, and an arc extinguishing cylinder upper electrode 103 connected to the displacement electrode structure 105 inside the inner insulating tube 1000 is arranged at the top of the arc extinguishing cylinder 100, and the side wall of the arc extinguishing cylinder upper electrode 103 has a connection with the arc extinguishing pellet lower electrode 211. A connecting portion 104 is connected, and an arc-extinguishing tube replenishing channel 102a is arranged at the center of the arc-extinguishing tube upper electrode 103, which is connected to the top of the inner insulating tube body 1000 by the arc-extinguishing tube replenishing port 102, and a discharge electrode 1001 extending into the inner insulating tube body 1000 is arranged inside the bottom end of the arc-extinguishing tube body 100, and the bottom end of the discharge electrode 1001 is connected to the lightning pole 101, and the top end of the discharge electrode 1001 extends into the inner insulating tube body 1000 and is arranged with a gap between it and the shift electrode structure 105.

[0037] like Figure 6 As shown, an upper sealed electrode plate 1002 and a lower sealed electrode plate 1003 are respectively arranged horizontally at the top and bottom of the arc extinguishing cylinder 100, an arc extinguishing cylinder upper electrode 103 connected to the upper surface of the upper sealed electrode plate 1002 is arranged outside the top of the arc extinguishing cylinder 100, and a lightning contact electrode 101 connected to the lower surface of the lower sealed electrode plate 1003 is arranged outside the bottom of the arc extinguishing cylinder 100, and an upper metal cavity 1004 extending into the inner insulating tube 1000 is arranged inside the top of the arc extinguishing cylinder 100 and on the lower surface of the upper sealed electrode plate 1002, and the arc extinguishing cylinder replenishing channel 102a passes through the arc extinguishing cylinder upper electrode 103 and the upper sealed electrode 103 in sequence from the arc extinguishing cylinder replenishing port 102 downward. The sealing plate 1002 is connected to the top of the upper metal cavity 1004; a lower jet chamber 1005 connected to the lower end of the inner insulating tube 1000 is arranged inside the bottom end of the arc extinguishing cylinder 100 and above the lower sealed electrode plate 1003, and the upper end of the shift electrode structure 105 is slidably suspended inside the bottom end of the upper metal cavity 1004, and a discharge electrode 1001 extending into the lower jet chamber 1005 is arranged on the upper surface of the lower sealed electrode plate 1003, and the upper end of the lightning contact electrode 101 is connected to the lower surface of the lower sealed electrode plate 1003, and the lower end of the shift electrode structure 105 extends downward into the lower jet chamber 1005 and is arranged with a gap with the discharge electrode 1001.

[0038] like Figure 6As shown, the displacement electrode structure 105 includes an upper displacement metal tube 1051, a middle displacement metal tube 1052, a lower displacement metal tube 1053 and a displacement electrode rod 1054. The upper end of the upper displacement metal tube 1051 is slidably suspended in the lower end of the upper metal hollow cavity 1004. The circumferential outer wall of the upper displacement metal tube 1051 is hollowed out with grid holes 1051a along the vertical direction or the horizontal direction. The upper end of the middle displacement metal tube 1052 is slidably suspended in the lower end of the upper displacement metal tube 1051. The upper end of the lower displacement metal tube 1053 is slidably suspended in the lower end of the middle displacement metal tube 1052. The upper end of the displacement electrode rod 1054 is slidably suspended in the lower end of the lower displacement metal tube 1053. The lower end of the lower displacement metal tube 1054 extends downward into the lower jet chamber 1005 and is arranged with a gap with the discharge electrode 1001, that is, there is a second gap 1005 between the top of the discharge electrode 1001 and the lower end of the displacement electrode structure 105; the upper end opening diameter of the lower jet chamber 1005 is smaller than the lower end opening diameter of the inner insulating tube body 1000, and the lower end of the lower jet chamber 1005 is a variable diameter insulating tube cavity with a diameter that decreases successively. A first inverted bowl-shaped disk 1055 is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the lower displacement metal tube 1053 along the lower end opening position of the inner insulating tube body 1000 and moves upward with the lower displacement metal tube 1053, and a second inverted bowl-shaped disk 1055 is fixedly arranged near the outer wall of the lower end of the displacement electrode rod 1054, which can be moved inward from the top of the lower jet chamber 1005. The second inverted bowl-shaped disk 1056 in the insulating tube body 1000 moves upward with the shifting electrode rod 1054; when the arc is introduced into the lower end of the lower arc extinguishing device 1 by connecting the lightning electrode 101, the arc enters the arc extinguishing cylinder 100 of the lower arc extinguishing device 1 to generate a liquid-electric effect. First, the arc enters the lower jet chamber 1005 at the bottom of the arc extinguishing cylinder 100, and the arc generates a gap discharge in the second gap 1005a between the lower jet chamber 1005 and the shifting electrode rod 1054. The arc impacts the arc extinguishing liquid in the lower jet chamber 1005 to generate a liquid-electric effect. The pressure in the lower jet chamber 1005 increases and impacts the second inverted bowl-shaped disk 1056, pushing the second inverted bowl-shaped disk 1056 to slide upward from the top of the lower jet chamber 1005, so that the second inverted bowl-shaped disk 1056 When sliding upward in the inner insulating tube body 1000, the upper end of the displacement electrode rod 1054 is pushed to move upward in the lower displacement metal tube 1053. At this time, due to the pressure of the arc extinguishing liquid and the action of the displacement electrode rod 1054, the lower end of the lower displacement metal tube 1053 is pushed by the first inverted bowl-shaped plate 1055, so that the upper end of the lower displacement metal tube 1053 slides upward in the middle displacement metal tube 1052, thereby simultaneously pushing the upper end of the middle displacement metal tube 1052 to slide upward in the upper displacement metal tube 1051, quickly lengthening the arc length, increasing the deposition energy of the arc in the arc extinguishing liquid, and the large deposition energy quickly forms a liquid-electric effect impact pressure in the horizontal direction in the arc extinguishing liquid, thereby enhancing the impact ability on the arc and improving the arc extinguishing ability;For direct lightning strikes, even if there is no high-frequency current component involved in arc extinguishing, the present invention can still utilize the liquid-electric effect generated by the lightning impact arc to attenuate and suppress the impact current, and the attenuation degree of the lightning current amplitude can reach more than 90%, which can effectively reduce the hazards of lightning strikes; for the attenuation effect of the impact current, the present invention can be used as an attenuated lightning current amplitude lightning arrester installed at the tip of the lightning rod to perform double attenuation on the amplitude and steepness of the direct lightning strike; firstly, by replacing "resistance reduction" with "current reduction", the counter-strike potential difference is linearly reduced, the counter-strike lightning resistance level of the overhead line is improved, and the counter-strike tripping rate is reduced; secondly, the electromagnetic induced overvoltage can be reduced, and the damage to the secondary equipment of the communication, radar and substation by the lightning induced overvoltage can be eliminated; when installed on the reinforced concrete cement tower for use, the grounding steel bars embedded in the cement tower can eliminate the corona generated by the high-frequency high-current discharge, and eliminate the destructive effect of the corona discharge of the grounding steel bars embedded in the reinforced concrete cement tower on the reinforced concrete cement tower structure; finally, the step overvoltage proportional to the amplitude of the impact lightning current is reduced to ensure personal safety in public places. In the present invention, the grid hole 1051a is a liquid replenishment channel hole, and the grid hole 1051a provides a channel for the arc extinguishing liquid replenished from the arc extinguishing tube replenishment channel 102a to flow into the lower jet chamber 1005. Due to the effect of gravity, the replenished arc extinguishing liquid first enters the upper displacement metal tube 1051, and then flows into the inner cavity of the lower displacement metal tube 1053 through the middle displacement metal tube 1052 in sequence. After the arc-extinguishing liquid is filled, it overflows from the grid hole 1051a into the inner insulating tube body 1000 and flows downward to the lower jet chamber 1005 to complete the liquid replenishment; when the first inverted bowl-shaped plate 1055 and the second inverted bowl-shaped plate 1056 that moves upward slide upward, the arc-extinguishing liquid in the middle displacement metal tube 1052 and the lower displacement metal tube 1053 is squeezed out from the grid hole 1051a into the inner insulating tube body 1000 and flows downward to the lower jet chamber 1005 to complete the liquid replenishment. ;

[0039] In the present invention, the arc flow path in the arc extinguishing process is introduced by the lightning electrode 101, and reaches the lower jet chamber 1005 through the lower sealed electrode plate 1003 and the discharge electrode 1001 to produce liquid-electric effect arc extinguishing, and then flows into the displacement electrode rod 1054 after breaking through the second gap 1005a, and then passes through the lower displacement metal tube 1053, the middle displacement metal tube 1052, the upper displacement metal tube 1051, the cavity wall of the upper metal cavity 1004, the upper sealed electrode plate 1002, the arc extinguishing tube upper electrode 103 and the arc extinguishing pill lower electrode 211, and then enters the upper jet chamber 21 02, liquid-electric effect arc extinguishing occurs; the arc extinguishing tube displacement electrode structure is an initial short-gap double-displacement electrode structure, which has the dual functions of reducing the impulse breakdown voltage and improving the arc extinguishing ability: the smaller the initial distance between the displacement electrode rod 1054 and the discharge electrode 1001, the lower the impulse breakdown voltage of the liquid gap. For this reason, the displacement electrode rod 1054 and the discharge electrode 1001 are set to take into account the two functions of reducing the initial liquid gap distance and increasing the displacement speed and displacement scale of the displacement electrode rod 1054, thereby achieving the dual purpose of reducing the impulse breakdown voltage and improving the arc extinguishing ability.

[0040] The shift electrode rod 1054 is a small mass high-speed displacement electrode, which functions to quickly lengthen the initial arc length, quickly increase the hydro-electric effect pressure and jet kinetic energy in the initial stage, and provide energy for accelerating the driving of the shift electrode rod 1054 to form a synchronous double-displacement elongated arc. The lower shift metal tube 1053 is a conductive electrode with a large displacement scale, which can greatly increase the arc length increment to increase the arc break scale after the hydro-electric effect arc extinguishing, and provide a higher arc break insulation strength to suppress the arc reignition under power frequency conditions, thereby achieving the purpose of avoiding arc reignition. The initial liquid-electric effect pressure and jet kinetic energy produce arc lengthening and arc extinguishing effects: first, the initial impact arc generates a first liquid-electric effect pressure and jet kinetic energy in the lower jet chamber 1005, which produces an initial arc extinguishing effect on the initial short power-frequency follow-current arc, while driving the small-mass displacement electrode rod 1054 and the lower displacement metal tube 1053 to synchronously move upward with a large acceleration, forming a rapid same-direction double-variable-pitch arc lengthening process; secondly, the double-variable-pitch process generates an energy increment of the arc deposited in the liquid through the arc length increment, and generates a first pressure and jet energy increment under the action of the deposited energy increment, and finally the liquid-electric effect pressure and jet kinetic energy increment strongly suppress the power-frequency follow-current arc in the length change process and extinguishes the arc. Positive feedback effect of dynamic acceleration of arc lengthening and synchronous arc extinguishing: under the action of the first pressure and jet energy increment, a double displacement acceleration increment is generated and the moving speed of the double displacement electrode of the displacement electrode rod 1054 and the lower displacement metal tube 1053 is accelerated. By accelerating the hydraulic effect pressure and jet kinetic energy increment generated synchronously by the arc lengthening, the variable distance acceleration of the lower displacement metal tube 1053 is continuously increased, and the ultimate arc length after lengthening can reach 30-50 times the initial arc length. The double displacement electrode has adaptive arc extinguishing capability in the process of arc lengthening: the arc lengthening speed, the hydraulic effect pressure increment speed and the jet kinetic energy increment speed are much greater than the power frequency current increment speed in the arc building process, and the power frequency arc can be forced to be extinguished at the initial moment of the displacement process and the arc building process, forming a dynamic positive feedback arc extinguishing process.

[0041] According to another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for arc extinguishing by dynamically strengthening the liquid-electric effect of multiple variable-distance electrodes, the arc extinguishing method comprising the following steps:

[0042] Step 1, the lower arc extinguishing device (1) introduces the arc into the lower arc extinguishing device 1 through the lightning electrode 101 at the lower end, and flows into the ground through the upper arc extinguishing device 2, the grounding rod 22, and the high-voltage metal pole tower to form an arc path;

[0043] Step 2, when the impact arc enters the arc extinguishing cylinder 100 in the lower arc extinguishing device (1) and the multi-stage arc extinguishing pellets 210 connected in series in the upper arc extinguishing device 2, discharge occurs in the arc extinguishing liquid to form a discharge arc, and the arc deposition energy quickly forms an initial liquid-electric effect, generating an initial liquid-electric effect impact pressure;

[0044] Step 3, under the impact of the initial hydraulic-electric effect impact pressure, the shift electrode structure 105 in the arc extinguishing cylinder 100 and the arc extinguishing pill lower electrode 211 inside the multi-stage arc extinguishing pill body 210 connected in series are shifted and the discharge arc is elongated, and the arc deposition energy of the arc in the arc extinguishing liquid is continuously increased, forming a hydraulic-electric effect impact pressure intensity superposition, generating a huge hydraulic-electric effect impact pressure, and after being reflected on the inner wall of the arc extinguishing cylinder 100 and the inner wall of the arc extinguishing chamber 2101, it impacts the initial arc-building channel at a high speed, instantly blocking the arc and completing the arc extinguishing;

[0045] When the electric arc is introduced into the arc extinguishing cylinder 100 of the lower arc extinguishing device 1 through the lightning electrode 101 at the lower end of the lower arc extinguishing device 1, the electric arc enters the lower jet chamber 1005 at the bottom of the arc extinguishing cylinder 100 and impacts the arc extinguishing liquid to generate a liquid-electric effect, so that the arc deposition energy in the arc extinguishing cylinder 100 is increased and a liquid-electric effect impact pressure is quickly formed from the horizontal direction. Under the action of the liquid-electric effect impact pressure, the displacement electrode structure 105 is displaced and the arc is elongated; at this time, the arc extinguishing liquid in the liquid storage shell 20 of the upper arc extinguishing device 2 replenishes the arc extinguishing liquid to the arc extinguishing cylinder 100 of the arc extinguishing device 1 downward through the arc extinguishing cylinder replenishing port 102; the impulse breakdown voltage U of the device can be reduced by multi-point variable-distance displacement 50％ (When impulse voltage is repeatedly applied to a device, the voltage at which the breakdown frequency reaches 50% of the total number of voltage applications is called U 50％ This voltage is usually used to characterize the impulse breakdown characteristics of the device);

[0046] When the electric arc is introduced into the liquid storage shell 20 of the upper arc extinguishing device 2 through the arc extinguishing cylinder upper electrode 103 at the top of the arc extinguishing cylinder body 100, the electric arc sequentially passes through the multiple stages of arc extinguishing pill bodies 210 connected in series in the liquid storage shell (20). When the electric arc flows through the upper jet chamber 2102 in each arc extinguishing pill body 210, the electric arc impacts the arc extinguishing liquid to produce a liquid-electric effect, and the pressure of the arc extinguishing liquid is instantly increased, extending the arc extinguishing path of the arc in the arc extinguishing pill body 210. Under the action of the arc extinguishing liquid pressure, the arc extinguishing pill moving electrode 2103 is displaced in the arc extinguishing pill insulating shell 2100 of the arc extinguishing pill body 210, and the arc is elongated. , so that the arc is blocked and will not reignite, so that the arc flowing into the ground through the grounding rod 22 and the high-voltage metal pole tower is blocked and will not reignite, and the hydraulic effect pressure is increased during the pitch change process to achieve dynamic arc extinguishing; when the arc enters the arc extinguishing cylinder 100 and the arc extinguishing pill insulating shell 2100 and the hydraulic effect occurs, the arc deposition energy is increased to quickly form a hydraulic effect impact pressure from the horizontal direction, and the arc power and arc deposition energy will increase at the same time. The arc can generate a stronger high-temperature expansion force and a larger arc energy. At this time, the relationship between the hydraulic effect impact pressure P generated by the hydraulic effect and the arc deposition energy E satisfies:

[0047]

[0048] In the formula, ρ is the specific gravity of the medium (specific gravity of arc extinguishing liquid or insulating liquid), T is the arc temperature, β is the integral constant, and B is the wave width coefficient. As the arc deposition energy E increases, the liquid-electric effect impact pressure P also increases.

[0049] Therefore, the present invention can increase the deposition energy of the arc in the arc extinguishing liquid by lengthening the arc length, thereby increasing the peak pressure of the liquid-electric effect, enhancing the impact ability on the arc, and improving the arc extinguishing ability. 50％ , multi-point variable distance lengthens the arc, increases arc deposition energy, strengthens the pressure of the liquid-electric effect, dynamically strengthens the arc extinguishing ability of the liquid-electric effect, and suppresses arc reignition by increasing the breakdown distance and dielectric breakdown field strength. Advantages of multi-variable distance electrodes: multiple electrodes are displaced synchronously, and the total limit displacement distance and displacement speed are both superimposed; the displacement limit distance can increase the effect of suppressing arc reignition, and the displacement speed can dynamically improve the transient, rapid and huge nature of the liquid-electric effect arc extinguishing, forming a dynamic arc extinguishing process in which the electrode is displaced, the liquid-electric effect pressure peak is increased, and the arc is extinguished, which increases the arc extinguishing speed, reduces the arc extinguishing maintenance time, and effectively suppresses the arc reignition ability.

[0050] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-variable distance electrode dynamic enhanced liquid-electric effect arc extinguishing structure, characterized in that: The arc extinguishing structure comprises a lower arc extinguishing device (1) and an upper arc extinguishing device (2); a grounding rod (22) is vertically arranged at the top of the upper arc extinguishing device (2); a lightning pole (101) for introducing an arc is provided at the lower end of the lower arc extinguishing device (1); the top of the lower arc extinguishing device (1) has an arc extinguishing tube liquid replenishing port (102) connected to the upper arc extinguishing device (2); and the arc extinguishing input end of the upper arc extinguishing device (2) is electrically connected to the arc extinguishing lead-out end of the lower arc extinguishing device (1); The upper arc extinguishing device (2) comprises a liquid storage shell (20) for filling arc extinguishing liquid and an arc extinguishing assembly (21) arranged in the liquid storage shell (20); a grounding rod (22) vertically facing outward is arranged on the top of the liquid storage shell (20); the top of the lower arc extinguishing device (1) has an arc extinguishing tube upper electrode (103) electrically connected to the arc extinguishing assembly (21); the arc extinguishing tube liquid replenishing port (102) at the top of the lower arc extinguishing device (1) passes through the arc extinguishing tube upper electrode (103) upwards and is connected to the bottom end of the liquid storage shell (20).

2. According to claim 1, a multi-variable distance electrode dynamic enhanced liquid-electric effect arc extinguishing structure is characterized by: The arc extinguishing assembly (21) comprises a plurality of arc extinguishing balls (210) connected in series and arranged at the periphery of the center of the liquid storage shell (20), wherein the head ends of the arc extinguishing balls (210) connected in series are connected to the upper electrode (103) of the arc extinguishing tube at the top of the lower arc extinguishing device (1) through the lower electrode (211) of the arc extinguishing balls, and the tail ends of the arc extinguishing balls (210) connected in series are connected to the grounding rod (22) extending into the liquid storage shell (20).

3. The multi-variable-distance electrode dynamic enhanced liquid-electric effect arc extinguishing structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The arc extinguishing pellets (210) are arranged in a vertical state at the periphery of the center of the liquid storage shell (20), and the tails and heads of adjacent arc extinguishing pellets (210) are connected via first current guiding electrodes (212) that are staggered up and down, and the ends of the arc extinguishing pellets (210) connected in series are connected to a grounding rod (22) that extends into the liquid storage shell (20) via a second current guiding electrode (213).

4. The multi-variable-distance electrode dynamic enhanced liquid-electric effect arc extinguishing structure according to claim 3 is characterized by: The arc extinguishing ball body (210) comprises an arc extinguishing ball insulating shell (2100) and one or more arc extinguishing chambers (2101) which are interconnected and filled with insulating liquid and are arranged from top to bottom in the arc extinguishing ball insulating shell (2100); an upper jet chamber (2102) is arranged inside the lower end of the arc extinguishing ball insulating shell (2100); the lower end of the arc extinguishing ball insulating shell (2100) is vertically connected to the arc extinguishing ball lower electrode (211); the upper end of the arc extinguishing ball lower electrode (211) extends into the upper jet chamber (2102); the lower end of the arc extinguishing ball lower electrode (211) is connected to the arc extinguishing tube upper electrode (103) at the top of the lower arc extinguishing device (1) A movable arc-extinguishing pill electrode (2103) that can be guided and moved up and down is arranged in the arc-extinguishing chamber (2101), the upper end of the movable arc-extinguishing pill electrode (2103) extends into the first-stage arc-extinguishing chamber (2101), an upper arc-extinguishing pill electrode (214) is arranged at the top of the arc-extinguishing pill insulating shell (2100), the lower end of the upper arc-extinguishing pill electrode (214) extends downward into the first-stage arc-extinguishing chamber (2101), and an arc-extinguishing pill fluid replenishing channel (2104) that is connected to an arc-extinguishing pill fluid replenishing port (215) at the top of the arc-extinguishing pill insulating shell (2100) and the first-stage arc-extinguishing chamber (2101) is arranged inside the upper arc-extinguishing pill electrode (214).

5. The arc extinguishing structure with multiple variable-distance electrodes and dynamic enhanced liquid-electric effect according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The caliber of the upper jet chamber (2102) is smaller than the caliber of the last-stage arc extinguishing chamber (2101), and a lower guide plate (2105) is slidably arranged on the outer wall of the lower end of the arc extinguishing ball movable electrode (2103) and located in the last-stage arc extinguishing chamber (2101). The lower guide plate (2105) is in the shape of an inverted bowl and extends upward from the upper end of the arc extinguishing ball movable electrode (2103) to the first-stage arc extinguishing chamber (2101).

6. The multi-variable-distance electrode dynamic enhanced liquid-electric effect arc extinguishing structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The arc extinguishing chamber (2101) is a two-stage or three-stage arc extinguishing chamber, and the arc extinguishing chambers between each stage are variable diameter chambers with different diameters. The upper end of the arc extinguishing ball movable electrode (2103) is located in the first-stage or second-stage arc extinguishing chamber (2101), and an upper guide plate (2106) is horizontally connected and fixed to the upper end of the arc extinguishing ball movable electrode (2103).

7. The arc extinguishing structure with multiple variable-distance electrodes and dynamic enhanced liquid-electric effect according to claim 3 is characterized by: Each arc-extinguishing ball insulating shell (2100) is fixed to the bottom of the liquid storage shell (20) by means of an arc-extinguishing ball fixing sleeve seat (23), and an electrode fixing groove (24) for placing a first guide electrode (212) and a second guide electrode (213) is provided near the top and bottom of the liquid storage shell (20) and between adjacent arc-extinguishing ball fixing sleeve seats (23).

8. The multi-variable-distance electrode dynamic enhanced liquid-electric effect arc extinguishing structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The lower arc extinguishing device (1) comprises an arc extinguishing cylinder (100), an inner insulating tube (1000) arranged along the vertical extension direction of the inner wall of the arc extinguishing cylinder (100) for filling with arc extinguishing liquid, and a telescopically slidable displacement electrode structure (105) arranged vertically up and down at the center of the inner insulating tube (1000); an arc extinguishing cylinder upper electrode (103) connected to the displacement electrode structure (105) inside the inner insulating tube (1000) is arranged at the top end of the arc extinguishing cylinder (100); and the side wall of the arc extinguishing cylinder upper electrode (103) has a connection with the arc extinguishing pellet lower electrode (211). A connecting portion (104) is provided on the arc extinguishing tube, an arc extinguishing tube replenishing channel (102a) is provided at the center of the arc extinguishing tube upper electrode (103), and is connected from the arc extinguishing tube replenishing port (102) to the top of the inner insulating tube body (1000); a discharge electrode (1001) is provided at the bottom end of the arc extinguishing tube body (100) and extends into the inner insulating tube body (1000); the bottom end of the discharge electrode (1001) is connected to the lightning pole (101); the top end of the discharge electrode (1001) extends into the inner insulating tube body (1000) and forms a gap with the shift electrode structure (105).

9. The multi-variable-distance electrode dynamic enhanced liquid-electric effect arc extinguishing structure according to claim 8, characterized in that: An upper sealed electrode plate (1002) and a lower sealed electrode plate (1003) are respectively arranged horizontally at the top and bottom of the arc extinguishing cylinder (100), an arc extinguishing cylinder upper electrode (103) connected to the upper surface of the upper sealed electrode plate (1002) is arranged outside the top of the arc extinguishing cylinder (100), a lightning contact electrode (101) connected to the lower surface of the lower sealed electrode plate (1003) is arranged outside the bottom of the arc extinguishing cylinder (100), an upper metal cavity (1004) extending into the interior of the inner insulating tube (1000) is arranged inside the top of the arc extinguishing cylinder (100) and located on the lower surface of the upper sealed electrode plate (1002), and the arc extinguishing cylinder liquid replenishment channel (102a) passes through the arc extinguishing cylinder upper electrode (103) and the upper sealed electrode plate (1002) in sequence from the arc extinguishing cylinder liquid replenishment port (102) downwards to communicate with the top of the upper metal cavity (1004).

10. The arc extinguishing structure with multiple variable-distance electrodes and dynamic enhanced liquid-electric effect according to claim 9, characterized in that: A lower jet chamber (1005) connected to the lower end of the inner insulating tube (1000) is arranged inside the bottom end of the arc extinguishing cylinder (100) and above the lower sealed electrode plate (1003); the upper end of the displacement electrode structure (105) is slidably suspended inside the bottom end of the upper metal cavity (1004); a discharge electrode (1001) extending into the lower jet chamber (1005) is arranged on the upper surface of the lower sealed electrode plate (1003); the upper end of the lightning contact electrode (101) is connected to the lower surface of the lower sealed electrode plate (1003); and the lower end of the displacement electrode structure (105) extends downward into the lower jet chamber (1005) and is arranged with a gap with the discharge electrode (1001).

11. A multi-variable distance electrode dynamic enhanced liquid-electric effect arc extinguishing structure according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that: The displacement electrode structure (105) comprises an upper displacement metal tube (1051), a middle displacement metal tube (1052), a lower displacement metal tube (1053) and a displacement electrode rod (1054); the upper end of the upper displacement metal tube (1051) is slidably suspended in the lower end of the upper metal hollow cavity (1004); grid holes (1051a) are hollowed out in the vertical or horizontal direction on the circumferential outer wall of the upper displacement metal tube (1051); the upper end of the middle displacement metal tube (1052) is slidably suspended on the upper displacement metal tube (1051); 051), the upper end of the lower displacement metal tube (1053) is slidably suspended in the lower end of the middle displacement metal tube (1052), the upper end of the displacement electrode rod (1054) is slidably suspended in the lower end of the lower displacement metal tube (1053), the lower end of the displacement electrode rod (1054) extends downward into the lower jet chamber (1005) and is arranged with a gap with the discharge electrode (1001), and the upper end opening diameter of the lower jet chamber (1005) is smaller than the lower end opening diameter of the inner insulating tube body (1000).

12. The arc extinguishing structure with multiple variable-distance electrodes and dynamic enhanced liquid-electric effect according to claim 10, characterized in that: The lower jet chamber (1005) has a variable-diameter insulating tube cavity with a successively smaller diameter between the upper end and the lower end. A first inverted bowl-shaped disk (1055) is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the lower displacement metal tube (1053) along the lower end opening position of the inner insulating tube body (1000) and moves upward along with the downward displacement metal tube (1053). A second inverted bowl-shaped disk (1056) is fixedly arranged near the outer wall of the lower end of the displacement electrode rod (1054) and can move upward along with the displacement electrode rod (1054) from the top of the lower jet chamber (1005) into the inner insulating tube body (1000).

13. A method for dynamically strengthening the liquid-electric effect arc extinguishing by using multiple variable-distance electrodes, characterized in that: An arc extinguishing method using the multi-variable distance electrode dynamic enhanced liquid-electric effect arc extinguishing structure according to any one of claims 1 to 12, the arc extinguishing method comprising the following steps: The lower arc extinguishing device (1) introduces the electric arc into the lower arc extinguishing device (1) through the lightning electrode (101) at the lower end, and flows into the ground through the upper arc extinguishing device (2), the grounding rod (22), and the high-voltage metal pole tower, thereby forming an arc path; when the impact arc enters the arc extinguishing cylinder (100) in the lower arc extinguishing device (1) and the multiple-stage arc extinguishing pellets (210) connected in series in the upper arc extinguishing device (2), it discharges in the arc extinguishing liquid to form a discharge arc, and the arc deposits energy quickly to form a triggering initial liquid-electric effect, thereby generating an initial liquid-electric effect impact pressure; Under the impact of the initial hydraulic-electric effect impact pressure, the displacement electrode structure (105) in the arc-extinguishing cylinder (100) and the arc-extinguishing pellet moving electrode (2103) inside the multiple-stage arc-extinguishing pellet bodies (210) connected in series are displaced and the discharge arc is lengthened, which continuously increases the arc deposition energy of the arc in the arc-extinguishing liquid, forms a hydraulic-electric effect impact pressure intensity superposition, and finally generates a huge hydraulic-electric effect impact pressure, which is reflected on the tube wall and impacts the initial arc-building channel at a high speed, instantly blocking the arc and completing the arc extinguishing.

14. A method for arc extinguishing by dynamic strengthening of liquid-electric effect by multiple variable-distance electrodes according to claim 13, characterized in that: When a hydroelectric effect occurs in the arc extinguishing cylinder (100) and the arc extinguishing pellet (210), the relationship between the hydroelectric effect impact pressure P generated by the hydroelectric effect and the arc deposition energy E satisfies: Among them, ρ is the specific gravity of the medium, T is the arc temperature, β is the integral constant, and B is the wave width coefficient.

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