An evaluation method for the leisure and recreation function of green open spaces in a community living circle

Abstract

The present invention provides an evaluation method for the leisure and recreation function of the green open space in the community living circle, including: Step 1, collecting multi-source data, where the multi-source data includes behavioral activity data and ecological and built environment data; Step 2, identifying the leisure and recreation function; Step 3, conducting a classification assessment of the supply and demand of the leisure and recreation function, evaluating from three functional levels of the recreation space, recreation travel, and recreation facilities respectively to obtain the evaluation results; Step 4, conducting an overall evaluation of the supply and demand relationship of the leisure and recreation function to obtain the spatial distribution characteristics, thereby forming an evaluation method for the leisure and recreation function. This evaluation method for the leisure and recreation function of the green open space in the community living circle is based on the supply and demand theory framework, and conducts a supply-demand ratio and supply-demand coupling evaluation of the leisure and recreation function of the community green open space from three levels of recreation travel, recreation space, and recreation facilities around 6 indicators, providing a reference for improving the validity of the spatial layout and the way of quality optimization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of urban built environment evaluation, and particularly to an evaluation method for the leisure and recreation function of green open space in a community living circle. Background Art

[0002] The 15-minute community living circle is the basic unit of urban community life, that is, within a 15-minute walking range, it is equipped with basic service functions and public spaces required for life, forming a basic social living platform that is safe, convenient, and comfortable. Community green open space refers to urban green spaces and outdoor public activity venues within the "15-minute community living circle" that meet the various needs of residents such as leisure and recreation, sports, fitness, cultural entertainment, and children's games, including types such as community parks, community sports parks, pocket parks, community slow-moving spaces, and others.

[0003] Ecosystem - cultural service is a type of service that directly affects human well-being, providing important functions such as leisure and recreation, aesthetic value, education and popular science, spiritual satisfaction, and a sense of belonging, improving the living environment and health well-being of urban residents. Community green open space is an important spatial carrier for the leisure and recreation function in ecosystem - cultural services, providing an environment for residents to relax and enhancing the place for communication and interaction among residents.

[0004] The supply - demand theory of ecosystem services expounds how green open space is transformed into residents' well-being from both the supply and demand perspectives, providing benefits for it, and is an important service function evaluation tool. The leisure and recreation function can be evaluated from two perspectives of space supply and use demand respectively. Using models and methods such as supply - demand coupling coordination degree and supply - demand ratio, the leisure and recreation function can be evaluated from space supply and use demand. Among them, the evaluation of space supply includes the measurement of two aspects: space opportunity and space condition. Space opportunity emphasizes potential services, generally quantified using space accessibility and space quantity; while space condition emphasizes the quality of the available space, landscape, and facility attractiveness, and the perceivable green quantity, thermal comfort, etc. Since social and economic factors affect residents' demand for space resources, the population quantity is usually used to represent the objective demand and use intensity for space; cognition and perception are generally used to represent subjective demand, manifested as residents' cognition, behavior patterns, and internal views.

[0005] In terms of the research object of leisure and recreation evaluation, current research mostly focuses on urban park green spaces, and there are few systematic evaluation studies on such functions in communities; in terms of the evaluation method of the leisure and recreation function, it mostly focuses on the accessibility, performance, and distribution fairness of park green spaces, and there are few evaluations of the leisure and recreation function from the perspective of supply - demand assessment. For this reason, we have invented a new evaluation method for the leisure and recreation function of green open space in a community living circle. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide an evaluation method for the supply-demand ratio and evaluation of the leisure and recreation function of the green open space in the community, so as to provide a reference for improving the validity of the space layout and the quality optimization method of the community living circle green open space leisure and recreation function.

[0007] The object of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical measures: an evaluation method for the leisure and recreation function of the green open space in the community living circle, the evaluation method for the leisure and recreation function of the green open space in the community living circle includes:

[0008] Step 1, perform multi-source data collection, and the multi-source data includes behavioral activity data and ecological and built environment data;

[0009] Step 2, perform leisure and recreation function identification;

[0010] Step 3, perform supply-demand classification evaluation of the leisure and rest function, and evaluate from three functional levels of the recreation space, recreation travel, and recreation facilities respectively to obtain the evaluation results;

[0011] Step 4, perform an overall evaluation of the supply-demand relationship of the leisure and recreation function, obtain the spatial distribution characteristics, and form an evaluation method for the leisure and recreation function.

[0012] The object of the present invention can also be achieved by the following technical measures:

[0013] In Step 1, the behavioral activity data includes the utilization of behavioral activity trajectories, distributions, and residents' subjective preferences and views; the ecological and built environment data includes land cover, land use types, environmental forms, and quality; the utilization of behavioral activity trajectories, distributions, and residents' subjective preferences and views characterize the usage demand of the leisure and recreation function, and the land cover, land use types, environmental forms, and quality are used to characterize the spatial supply of the leisure and recreation function.

[0014] In Step 2, the identification of the leisure and recreation function includes identifying the corridor space of the community slow traffic space on the supply side of the leisure and recreation space, as well as the patch space of the pocket park, community park, and comprehensive park, and integrating the space quantity, area, quality, and facility type as the supply representation. On the demand side of the leisure and recreation function usage, diverse usage demands at the objective and subjective levels such as recreation travel, population distribution, and cognitive preferences are used for identification.

[0015] In Step 2, the identification of the leisure and recreation function space supply includes:

[0016] (2a) Perform identification of park green space patches; cluster according to the patch area and land use type, and divide them into three different functional types of green open space, including comprehensive parks, community parks, and pocket parks; among them, extract the centroid of the pocket park, and select the park entrances and exits of the community park and comprehensive park as the supply points according to the POI;

[0017] (2b) Identify the types and distributions of recreational facilities within the park green space patches; the identification of the types and distributions of recreational facilities is obtained through on-site investigations of various recreational facility elements within the park green space. The facilities include activity venues, barrier-free facilities, footpaths, ball courts, leisure seats, fitness equipment, entertainment equipment, and public restrooms. According to the park green space design specifications, the facility types are classified into four major types: sports, rest, service, and culture; combined with POIs, the distribution of park green spaces and the public service facilities distributed within them is assisted in identification;

[0018] (2c) Identify the community slow-travel space and its elements; the identification of the community slow-travel space elements combines two types of data: high-precision remote sensing interpretation and Baidu Street View. The tree coverage rate is obtained by identifying the proportion of trees within the analysis unit; the street view green view rate is obtained by setting street view sampling points at regular intervals along the road. The combined pictures are passed through the InternImage deep learning model to identify the proportion of the visual fields of green elements such as trees and vegetation in the street view pictures,

[0019]

[0020] GV i is the proportion of the visual fields of trees in the pictures at the four directions of up, down, left, and right of the Baidu Street View sampling point of the i-th slow-travel space; V i is the total number of pixels in the picture.

[0021] In step 2, the identification of the usage requirements of the leisure and recreation function includes:

[0022] (21) Identify the community population distribution; the identification of the community population distribution is divided into two aspects: static distribution and dynamic distribution; in the aspect of identifying the static distribution of the resident population, first, based on the community population statistics under the jurisdiction of the street, the building area of the residential area, and the number of building floors, the distribution of the resident population is corrected to improve the granularity of the population demand data to the building scale; second, identify the entrances and exits of the residential area to improve the accuracy of the calculation results of the accessibility of the green open space; finally, evenly distribute the total population of each residential area to each entrance and exit according to the number of entrances and exits to obtain the population demand quantity at the entrances and exits,

[0023]

[0024] In the formula, RD i is the residential building population density of the i-th community, P i is the total population of the i-th community, A ij is the building area of the j-th residential building in the i-th community, and n is the total number of residential buildings in the i-th community;

[0025]

[0026] Wherein, RD ik is the number of people corresponding to the entrance / exit of each residential area k, A k is the total building area of the kth residential area, E ik is the number of entrances and exits of residential area k;

[0027] In terms of the identification of population dynamic distribution, the Baidu API is used to cumulatively obtain the cumulative number of people and distribution in the park green space.

[0028]

[0029] Wherein: AD k is the active population density of the kth analysis unit area, person / m 2 , n is the number of pixels in the analysis unit, S i is the population quantity in the ith pixel, R i is the total pixel area;

[0030] (22) Identify the characteristics of recreational trips;

[0031] The identification of the characteristics of recreational trips is obtained by using two methods: the walking path planning based on the residential area and the park green space and the statistical analysis of the number of people based on the movement trajectories on the Keepapp. First, through the 15-minute walking path planning between the residential area and the park green space, the number of people using different paths is obtained and extracted based on OSM data; roads at different levels are identified through the road network analysis of ArcGIS; the 15-minute walking connection paths between the entrances and exits of each residential area and the entrances and exits of community parks and comprehensive parks are established with the current road network in space, and the population density of the paths used for recreational trips is obtained.

[0032]

[0033] Wherein, gwd kp is the population density of the path from the entrance / exit of residential area k to the park green space, person / m, RD ik is the number of people corresponding to the entrance / exit of residential area k, L kp is the length of the path, m;

[0034] Based on the Keep app platform, the movement trajectories of walking and running including the checked-in number of people are captured and established with the current road network in space to obtain the population density of the movement trajectories.

[0035]

[0036] Wherein, gwd ka is the population density of the Keep movement trajectory (person / m), P keep is the number of active people in the movement trajectory, L keep is the trajectory length (m);

[0037] (23) Identify cognitive and preference characteristics;

[0038] Understand the satisfaction of the resident population with the green open space facilities through a satisfaction questionnaire using the Likert scale, and obtain the satisfaction scoring results of the residents for a total of 6 facilities, namely the rest facilities and sports facilities in the pocket parks within the street, and the rest facilities, sports facilities, cultural facilities, and service facilities in the community and comprehensive parks.

[0039] In step 3, based on the identification of supply and demand characteristics, and based on the characteristics of the supply and use demand of leisure and recreation spaces, propose evaluation indicators and calculation formulas for the supply side and demand side respectively from the three functional levels of the recreation space, recreation travel, and recreation facilities in the green open space for leisure and recreation within the 15-minute community living circle, and obtain the evaluation results;

[0040] For the supply and demand assessment, quantitative indicators that meet the space supply and use demand are selected. For the supply and demand of recreation space, the park carrying capacity is used as the supply volume of the recreation space, and the park service pressure is used as the demand volume of the recreation space; for the supply and demand of recreation travel, the comfort of the tree-lined area is used as the supply volume of recreation travel, and the use intensity of the slow travel space is used as the demand volume of recreation travel; for the supply and demand of recreation facilities, the weight and quantity of recreation facilities are used as the supply rate of recreation facilities, and the importance-satisfaction of recreation facilities is used as the demand index of recreation facilities. Six indicators are used to evaluate the leisure and recreation function from the supply and demand indicators at the three levels of space, travel, and facilities.

[0041] Step 3 specifically includes:

[0042] Step 31, conduct the supply and demand assessment of the recreation space function, including the supply of the recreation space and the demand for the recreation space;

[0043] Combined with on-site research, based on the road network data and the distribution of park green spaces, calculate the carrying capacity of visitors in pocket parks, community parks, and comprehensive parks within the 15-minute living circle as the supply assessment of the recreation space, and the supply volume of the recreation space RSS i The calculation formula is as follows,

[0044]

[0045] In the formula, RSS j is the carrying capacity of each park green space j; is the green space area of the i-th park carrying activities; A gu is the per capita green space activity area; is the non-green space area of the i-th park carrying activities; Per capita non-green space activity area; is the daily opening time of the i-th park; is the average activity time of visitors in each park;

[0046] Using the population served within a 5-minute walk of pocket parks, a 15-minute walk of community parks, and a 15-minute walk of comprehensive parks calculated based on road network data to evaluate the spatial demand for recreational services RSD j , the calculation formula for the demand for recreational space based on park service pressure is as follows:

[0047]

[0048] In the formula, RSD j is the total service demand of each park green space j; D ik is the permanent population corresponding to each residential area entrance k; d kj is the road network distance between the residential area entrance k and the community park and comprehensive park j. Unit k needs to fall within the 5-minute walk of the pocket park and within the 15-minute walk distance d0 of the community park and comprehensive park, that is, d kj ≤d0; G(d ij ) is the Gaussian attenuation function considering spatial friction [1], and its specific form can be expressed as,

[0049]

[0050] Step 32, conduct an assessment of the supply and demand of recreational travel functions, including the supply of recreational travel and the demand for recreational travel;

[0051] Using the tree coverage rate and the green view rate scoring coefficient in the road analysis unit, select the equal weight method from two dimensions of planar distribution and pedestrian perspective to evaluate the comfort of the tree-lined space in the community slow space. The supply of recreational travel WCI i The calculation formula is as follows:

[0052] WCI i = GA i ×S(GV i ) (10)

[0053]

[0054] In the formula, WCI i is the comfort of recreational travel for the i-th road, GA i is the proportion of the green pixel area in the total area within the buffer zone of the i-th road; studies have shown that 25% is the comfort threshold of street view green view, and the best green view rate is 35%. Based on this principle, the green view rate is scored from 1 to 5 points and numerically standardized. S(GV i ) is the standardized green view rate coefficient of the i-th slow space;

[0055] The use intensity of the slow travel space in the community, which is jointly composed of the number of people using the paths between the residential area and the park green space and the number of people based on the movement trajectories in the Keep app, is used to evaluate the recreational travel demand. The intensity of the recreational travel demand is WUI j The calculation formula is as follows:

[0056]

[0057] In the formula, WUI j is the use intensity of the slow travel space of the road analysis unit j, and gwd kp is the population density of the path from the entrance and exit of the residential area k to the park green space, person / m, gwd ka is the population density of the Keep movement trajectory, person / m, and the total population density of the activities of a total of k paths or trajectories is summed up, l ij is the length of the road analysis unit, m;

[0058] Step 33: Conduct a supply-demand assessment of the functions of recreational facilities, including the supply of recreational facilities and the demand for recreational facilities;

[0059] The supply rate of recreational facilities determines the weights of the recreational facilities in various types of parks in the community through the analytic hierarchy process. The supply rate of recreational facilities is obtained by synthesizing the facility weights of park types and the number of facilities;

[0060] Row i represents the park type, corresponding to pocket park, community park, and comprehensive park respectively; column j represents the facility type, corresponding to sports facilities, rest facilities, cultural facilities, and service facilities respectively;

[0061]

[0062] The facility weight matrix W represents the weights of different types of parks for different facilities; W ij represents the importance weight of the jth type of facility for the ith type of park,

[0063]

[0064] In the formula, RFS k is the facility supply rate of park k, F ij is the number of the jth type of facility in the ith type of park, Wij is the importance weight of the ith type of park for the jth type of facility, obtained from the weight matrix W, and Cij is the demand for the jth type of facility in the ith type of park, obtained based on the condition matrix C;

[0065] Use IPA to calculate the recreational facility demand index. Use the population aggregation characteristics based on Baidu heat map to represent the degree of importance, and the resident satisfaction to represent the performance degree. The difference between the two constitutes the recreational facility demand index RFD of various types of parks k , and the specific calculation method is as follows,

[0066] RFD k = IAD k - RSI k (15)

[0067] In the formula, RFD k is the recreation facility demand index, and IAD k represents the importance degree of the active population density AD k of the i-th park based on Baidu heat map. The importance degree is scored using the natural break method; RSI k represents the comprehensive satisfaction degree of residents with the recreation facilities of the k-th park. The difference between the importance degree and the satisfaction degree can form the four-category demand index grading as shown in the following table.

[0068] In step 4, the overall evaluation of the supply-demand relationship of the leisure and recreation function obtains the differences in the leisure and recreation functions of different spatial types through the supply-demand evaluation matrix and the supply-demand ratio, and obtains the spatial distribution characteristics, forming an evaluation method for the leisure and recreation function.

[0069] Step 4 specifically includes:

[0070] Step 41, conduct a function analysis based on the coupling evaluation matrix, construct a supply-demand coupling evaluation matrix for the recreation function, and obtain the evaluation coupling evaluation results of the three functions of recreation travel, recreation space, and recreation facilities and the supply-demand coupling evaluation results of different spatial types and specific samples through the supply-demand coupling evaluation of various recreation functions in the community green open space;

[0071] Step 42, conduct a function level evaluation based on the supply-demand ratio model; refer to the supply-demand ratio model of ecosystem services to quantify the relationship between the supply and demand of the leisure and recreation function, and use the results of the supply-demand ratio for the visualization display of the spatial distribution; the supply-demand ratio is used to reflect the balance state between the actual supply of the leisure and recreation function and the residents' demand in a specific area, which may show a surplus or a deficit; it can be used to reveal the supply-demand matching situation of the leisure and recreation service function in the research area, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0072]

[0073] In the formula: R LSD is the supply-demand ratio of the recreation function; S is the function supply; D is the function demand; S max is the maximum value of the function supply; D max is the maximum value of the function demand; if R LSD > 0, it means that the supply is greater than the demand and there is a supply surplus; when R LSD = 0, it means that the supply and demand are balanced; if R LSD < 0, it means that the supply is in short supply and there is a supply-demand deficit.

[0074] In step 41, first, based on the functional evaluation, a supply-demand coupling evaluation matrix for the leisure and recreation function of green open space at the community scale is established, with different quadrants representing the evaluation results, thereby helping to understand the coupling and coordination state of supply and demand; since the units and dimensions of the supply and demand of leisure and recreation functions in different dimensions are different, the first step in the supply-demand coupling evaluation is to standardize the supply-demand evaluation data of different functions; secondly, based on the standardized supply-demand values of the recreation function, the horizontal and vertical coordinates with 0-1 values are constructed to form a coupling evaluation matrix; finally, the supply-demand evaluation results are distributed in the matrix to obtain the supply-demand coupling relationship; according to the coupling states represented by the four quadrants, it can be divided into a coupling disorder area with low supply and high demand, a coupling adaptation area with high supply and high demand, a coupling lag area with low supply and low demand, and a coupling coordination area with high supply and low demand;

[0075] For adaptation, it indicates that the supply of such functions is sufficient, while the residents' demand level is relatively high, specifically manifested as a relatively high importance or a relatively low satisfaction; for coordination, it indicates that the community residents show relatively low demand for such functions, specifically manifested as a relatively low importance of the function or a relatively high satisfaction of the residents with such functions; for disorder, it indicates that the supply level of such functions is relatively low, while the residents' demand level is relatively high, indicating that the demand for such functions is not met; for lag, it indicates that the supply level of such functions is relatively low, and the residents' demand level is also relatively low, and the reason may be the reduced importance due to the low population density or the small number of activities of the surrounding residents.

[0076] The evaluation method for the leisure and recreation function of the green open space in the community living circle in the present invention relates to the field of evaluation of the supply of built environment and the demand for leisure and recreation. Based on the supply-demand theory framework, from three levels of recreation space, recreation travel, and recreation facilities, around the supply quantity of recreation space, the demand quantity of recreation space, the supply quantity of recreation travel, the demand intensity of recreation travel, the supply rate of recreation facilities, and the demand index of recreation facilities, a total of 6 indicators are used to evaluate the supply-demand ratio and evaluation of the leisure and recreation function of the community green open space, providing a reference for improving the validity of the spatial layout and the quality optimization method. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0077] 1. Identification of the supply-demand characteristics of the leisure and recreation function: Sort out the supply elements of various community green open spaces with obvious fragmented characteristics and diverse types of residents' demands, and further refine the identification method of the leisure and recreation function of the green open space in the 15-minute community living circle;

[0078] 2. Classification evaluation of the supply-demand of the leisure and recreation function: On the basis of the identification of the supply-demand characteristics, index calculations are carried out on the supply side and the demand side from three functional levels of recreation space, recreation travel, and recreation facilities to obtain the evaluation results, breaking through the scale and accuracy of the evaluation of the ecological service function of the green open space in the past, and innovating the function evaluation calculation method based on supply and demand;

[0079] 3. Conducted an overall evaluation of the supply-demand relationship of the leisure and recreation function: For the evaluation dimensions of different types of patches and corridor spaces, two methods, namely the supply-demand evaluation matrix and the supply-demand ratio, were used to classify the supply-demand relationship and its spatial distribution. A comprehensive evaluation method applicable to the leisure and recreation function of the green open space within the 15-minute community living circle was obtained, providing a quantitative analysis method path for its update and promoting the orderly upgrading of the community green open space. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0080] Figure 1 Flow chart of a specific embodiment of an evaluation method for the leisure and recreation function of the green open space in a community living circle of the present invention;

[0081] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the distribution of park green spaces and their entrances and exits in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0082] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the distribution of recreation facilities within the park green space patch in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0083] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the distribution of the slow travel space in the community and the identification of its elements in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0084] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the identification of the spatial distribution of the community population, the identification of the dynamic population distribution and its method in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0085] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the distribution of recreation trips in the community in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0086] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the satisfaction of each community on different park facilities in each street in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0087] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the evaluation results of the supply and demand of the recreation space function in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0088] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the evaluation results of the supply and demand of the recreation trip function in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0089] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the evaluation results of the supply of the recreation facility function and the evaluation results of the demand in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0090] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the recreation function supply-demand coupling evaluation matrix in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0091] Figure 12Schematic diagram of the results of the coupling evaluation matrix of the supply and demand of the recreation function in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0092] Figure 13 Schematic diagram of the evaluation results of the supply-demand ratio of the recreation function in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0093] Figure 14 Schematic diagram of the distribution of the evaluation results of the supply-demand ratio of the recreation function in a specific embodiment of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0094] It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further illustration of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present invention belongs.

[0095] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific implementation manners and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms are also intended to include the plural forms. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, and / or combinations thereof.

[0096] As Figure 1 shown, Figure 1 is a flowchart of an evaluation method for the leisure and recreation function of the green open space in a community living circle according to the present invention. The evaluation method for the leisure and recreation function of the green open space in the community living circle includes:

[0097] Step 1: Perform multi-source data collection. The multi-source data includes behavioral activity data and ecological and built environment data. The behavioral activity data includes the use of behavioral activity trajectories, distributions, and residents' subjective preferences / views. The built environment data includes land cover, land use types, environmental forms, and quality.

[0098] Characterize the use demand of the leisure and recreation function by using behavioral activity trajectories, distributions, and residents' subjective preferences / views, and characterize the spatial supply of the leisure and recreation function by using land cover, land use types, environmental forms, and quality.

[0099] Step 2: Perform identification of the leisure and recreation function.

[0100] Function identification includes identifying the corridor space of the community slow-moving space and the patch space of pocket parks, community parks, and comprehensive parks on the spatial supply side, and fusing the spatial quantity, area, quality, and facility types as supply representations. On the use demand side, identify diverse use demands at the objective and subjective levels such as recreation trips, population distribution, and cognitive preferences.

[0101] Step 3, conduct a leisure and rest function assessment.

[0102] For the supply-demand assessment, quantitative indicators that meet the spatial supply and usage demands are selected. For the supply and demand of recreational spaces, the carrying capacity of green open spaces and the number of service users are used; for the supply and demand of recreational trips, the comfort level and usage intensity of shaded areas in slow-moving spaces are used; for the supply and demand of recreational facilities, the supply rate of recreational facilities and the facility demand index are used. The leisure and recreation functions are evaluated from the supply and demand indicators at three levels: space, travel, and facilities.

[0103] Step 4, conduct a leisure and recreation function evaluation.

[0104] Through the supply-demand evaluation matrix and the supply-demand ratio, the differences in leisure and recreation functions of different spatial types are obtained in the supply-demand evaluation, and the spatial distribution characteristics are derived, forming an evaluation method for leisure and recreation functions. Furthermore, it provides scientific support for the renewal strategy of functions that urgently need improvement.

[0105] In a specific embodiment of applying the present invention, a method for evaluating the leisure and recreation functions of green open spaces in the community life circle of Xiangshan Sub-district, Xiangshan District, Guilin City is as follows:

[0106] Step 1. Identification of the supply-demand characteristics of leisure and recreation functions

[0107] 1.1 Multi-source data collection

[0108] Table 1. Research data and sources

[0109]

[0110] 1.2 Identification of the spatial supply of leisure and recreation functions

[0111] (1) Identification of park green space patches

[0112] Based on the functional classification and spatial scale division of green open spaces in the "Classification Guide for Land and Sea Use in Territorial Space", "Classification of Urban Green Space Systems", and "Guide for Community Green Open Spaces", 24 patches including park green spaces, squares, arbor and shrub woodlands, and tidal flats are identified through land use data. Through obtaining the regulatory detailed plan of the central urban area of Guilin (2017 - 2035), remote sensing satellite images, and on-site investigation results, a total of 45 actually used park green space patches are obtained (Table 2). According to the patch area and land use type, they are clustered into four different functional types of green open spaces, including comprehensive parks, community parks, pocket parks (including activity squares and residential area affiliated green spaces). Among them, for pocket parks, their centroids are extracted, and for community parks and comprehensive parks, the park entrances are selected as supply points according to the screening of Points of Interest (POI) ( Figure 2 ).

[0113] Table 2. Types and General Situations of Park Green Space Patches

[0114]

[0115] (2) Types and Distributions of Recreational Facilities within Park Green Space Patches

[0116] The identification of the types and distributions of recreational facilities is obtained through on-site investigations of various recreational facility elements within park green spaces. The facilities include activity venues, barrier-free facilities, footpaths, sports courts, leisure seats, fitness equipment, entertainment equipment, public toilets, etc. According to the park green space design specifications, the facility types are divided into four major types: sports, rest, service, and culture (Table 3). The distribution of park green spaces and the public service facilities distributed within them are assisted in identification by combining POI. 45 park green space patches in Xiangshan Street were visited using the Two Steps Road app, and the distributions and types of recreational facilities within the park green space patches were obtained by integrating the two sets of data( Figure 3 ).

[0117] Table 3. Types and General Situations of Recreational Facilities within Park Green Space Patches

[0118]

[0119] (3) Identification of Community Slow Travel Spaces and Their Elements

[0120] The identification of community slow travel spaces is based on the road network data of the OpenStreetMap (OSM) updated in 2024. Road line segments are segmented into road sections less than or equal to 25 meters as analysis units, and buffers are set based on roads of different levels to identify the elements therein. The buffer distances are 50m for main streets, 20m for secondary streets, 15m for branch roads I, and 10m for branch roads II (Table 4).

[0121] Table 4. Types and General Situations of Community Slow Travel Spaces

[0122]

[0123]

[0124] The identification of community slow travel space elements combines two types of data: high-precision remote sensing interpretation and Baidu Street View. The tree coverage rate is obtained by identifying the proportion of trees within the analysis unit; the street view green view rate is obtained by setting street view sampling points every 25m on the road, a total of 735 street view pictures are captured, and the merged pictures are passed through the InternImage deep learning model to identify the proportion of the visual fields of green elements such as trees and vegetation in the street view pictures.

[0125]

[0126] GV iis the proportion of the tree view in the pictures at the upper, lower, left, and right directions of the Baidu Street View sampling points of the i-th slow traffic space; V i is the total number of pixels in the picture.

[0127] As Figure 4 shown, Figure 4 a is a schematic diagram of the distribution of community slow traffic space types and the identification of their elements; Figure 4 b is a schematic diagram of the identification of the tree-lined coverage rate of the community slow traffic space; Figure 4 c is a schematic diagram of the identification of the green view rate of the community slow traffic space; Figure 4 d is a schematic diagram of the method for identifying the green view rate of the community slow traffic space.

[0128] 1.3 Identification of the usage requirements of the leisure and recreation function

[0129] (1) Identification of the community population distribution

[0130] The identification of the community population distribution is divided into two aspects: static distribution and dynamic distribution. In terms of the identification of the static distribution of the resident population, first, based on the community population statistics under the street, the building area of the residential area, and the number of building floors, the distribution of the resident population is corrected to improve the granularity of the population demand data to the building scale (Table 5); second, identify the entrances and exits of the residential area to improve the accuracy of the calculation results of the accessibility of the green open space; finally, evenly distribute the total population of each residential area to each entrance and exit according to the number of entrances and exits to obtain the population demand quantity at the entrance and exit, as Figure 5 shown, Figure 5 a is a schematic diagram of the identification of the spatial distribution of the community population, Figure 5 The four pictures in b are schematic diagrams of the identification of the dynamic distribution of the community population and its method.

[0131]

[0132] In the formula, RD i is the residential building population density of the i-th community, P i is the total population of the i-th community, A ij is the building area of the j-th residential building in the i-th community, and n is the total number of residential buildings in the i-th community.

[0133]

[0134] In the formula, RD ik is the number of people corresponding to the k-th entrance and exit of each residential area, A k is the total building area of the k-th residential area, E ik is the number of entrances and exits of the k-th residential area.

[0135] After calculation, a total of 40 residential areas and 1,470 residential buildings in Xiangshan Sub-district were identified. Based on the population census and community research, the population density of each residential building was obtained according to the building area and the number of community population as shown in (Table 5). Through manual crawling on Baidu Maps, a total of 87 entrances and exits of residential areas in Xiangshan Sub-district were obtained. Based on the above, the population quantity of each entrance and exit was obtained ( Figure 5 a).

[0136] Table 5. Community Population Overview

[0137]

[0138] In terms of the identification of population dynamic distribution, Baidu Heat Map is an open-source data that can dynamically reflect the characteristics of urban population aggregation, which can make up for the deficiencies of traditional population data in timeliness and dynamics. By using the Baidu application programming interface API (Application Programming Interface, hereinafter referred to as API), the cumulative number of people and their distribution in the park green space from 6:00 am to 11:00 pm every day from October 11th to October 18th in Xiangshan Sub-district were obtained ( Figure 5 b).

[0139]

[0140] In the formula: AD k is the active population density (persons / m 2 ) of the k-th analysis unit area, n is the number of pixels in the analysis unit, S i is the population quantity in the i-th pixel, and R i is the total area of the pixel.

[0141] (2) Identification of Recreation Travel Characteristics

[0142] The identification of recreation travel characteristics was obtained by using two methods: the walking path planning based on residential areas and park green spaces and the number statistics of Keepapp movement trajectories. As Figure 6 shown,[[]] Figure 6 a is a schematic diagram of the walking path planning based on residential areas and park green spaces, Figure 6 b is a schematic diagram of the number of people based on the Keep app movement trajectory. First, by using the 15-minute walking path planning of residential areas and park green spaces, the number of people using different paths was obtained. A total of 838 roads at different levels in Xiangshan Sub-district were extracted based on OSM data. In ArcGIS 10.8, 1,843 15-minute walking connection paths between the entrances and exits of each residential area and the entrances and exits of community parks and comprehensive parks were identified through road network analysis. A spatial connection was established with the current road network to obtain the path usage population density for recreation travel.

[0143]

[0144] Wherein, gwd kp is the population density (persons / m) of the path from the entrance / exit k of the residential area to the park green space, RD ik is the number of people corresponding to the entrance / exit k of the residential area, and L kp is the length of the path (m).

[0145] Based on the Keep app platform, a total of 395 walking and running movement trajectories containing the number of check-ins were captured, spatially connected to the current road network, and the population density of the movement trajectories was obtained.

[0146]

[0147] Wherein, gwd ka is the population density (persons / m) of the Keep movement trajectory, P keep is the number of people active in the movement trajectory, and L keep is the length of the trajectory (m).

[0148] (3) Identification of cognitive and preference characteristics

[0149] Through the satisfaction questionnaire of the Likert scale, the satisfaction of the residents in Xiangshan Street with the green open space facilities was understood. A total of 198 research questionnaires were distributed to 7 communities in Xiangshan Street, and 183 valid questionnaires were recovered (Table 6). The satisfaction scoring results of the residents for a total of 6 facilities, namely the rest facilities and sports facilities in the pocket parks within the street, and the rest facilities, sports facilities, cultural facilities and service facilities in the community and comprehensive parks, were obtained (Table 8. Figure 7 ). The reliability test of Cronbach's coefficient α was carried out on the questionnaire results using SPSS statistical software. It was obtained that the α coefficients of the residents' satisfaction with the pocket park facilities and the community / comprehensive park facilities were 0.993 and 0.893 respectively, and the results had high reliability (Table 7).

[0150] Table 6. Descriptive statistics of the satisfaction questionnaire for each community in the street

[0151]

[0152] Table 7. Reliability test of the satisfaction survey

[0153]

[0154] Table 8. Satisfaction of various facilities in different parks

[0155]

[0156] Step 2. Classification and evaluation of the supply and demand of leisure and recreation functions

[0157] Based on the identification of supply and demand characteristics, and in light of the characteristics of the supply of leisure and recreation spaces and the demand for their use, evaluation indicators and calculation formulas for the supply side and the demand side are specifically proposed for the three functional aspects of "recreational space", "recreational travel", and "recreational facilities" in the green open spaces for leisure and recreation within the 15-minute community life circle, and the evaluation results are obtained.

[0158] 2.1 Supply and Demand Assessment of Recreational Space Function

[0159] Xiangshan Sub-district in Guilin City is mainly composed of old communities. Comprehensive and community parks such as Xiangshan Park and Sun and Moon Twin Towers Park are distributed in the northern and middle sections. Pocket parks are only available in some residential areas built after the 1990s in the southern section. The per capita green space area for leisure and recreation is 5.2 m 2 / person. However, the distribution of different types of leisure and recreation spaces is uneven. Based on the following calculations of the supply and demand of recreational spaces, the supply and demand assessment results of the recreational spaces in Xiangshan Sub-district are obtained, as Figure 8 shown, Figure 8 a is a schematic diagram of the supply assessment result of the recreational space function, Figure 8 b is a schematic diagram of the demand assessment result of the recreational space function. The specific supply and demand assessment calculation methods are as follows,

[0160] (1) Recreational Space Supply

[0161] In this invention, combined with on-site research and based on road network data and the distribution of park green spaces, the carrying capacity of visitors in a total of 45 pocket parks, community parks, and comprehensive parks within the 15-minute life circle is calculated as the supply assessment of the recreational space. The calculation formula for the supply of the recreational space RSS j is as follows,

[0162]

[0163] In the formula, RSS j is the carrying capacity of each park green space j; is the green space area of the i-th park carrying activities; A gu is the per capita green space activity area; is the non-green space area of the i-th park carrying activities; per capita non-green space activity area; is the daily opening hours of the i-th park; is the average activity time of visitors in each park. Among them, the areas of green spaces and non-green spaces (park roads, squares) are obtained by high-precision remote sensing interpretation. Referring to the "Overall Plan for Guilin's Territorial Space (2021 - 2035)", the per capita green space area in the central urban area is taken as 10 m per person 2 as the measurement standard, and the per capita non-green space area in the central urban area is taken as 4.42 m per person 2As a measurement standard. The average stay time in comprehensive parks is 2 hours, the actual activity time in parks is 12 hours, the stay time in pocket parks is 1 hour, and the actual activity time is 18 hours.

[0164] (2) Recreational space demand

[0165] The present invention uses the number of people served within a 5-minute walking distance of pocket parks, a 15-minute walking distance of community parks and comprehensive parks calculated based on road network data to evaluate the demand for recreational service space (RSD j ). The calculation formula for the demand for recreational space based on park service pressure is as follows:

[0166]

[0167] In the formula, RSD j is the total service demand of each park green space j; D ik is the permanent resident population corresponding to each residential area entrance k; d kj is the road network distance between the residential area entrance k and the community park and comprehensive park j (for parks with multiple entrances, the road network distance from the demand unit to the nearest park entrance is selected). The unit k needs to fall within 5 minutes (400 m) of the pocket park and within 15 minutes' walking distance (1200 m) d0 of the community park and comprehensive park (i.e., d kj ≤d0); G(d ij ) is a Gaussian decay function [1] considering spatial friction, and its specific form can be expressed as

[0168]

[0169] 2.2 Evaluation of the supply and demand of recreational travel functions

[0170] In terms of the road grade and traffic flow of Xiangshan Street in Guilin City, Zhongshan Middle Road and Shanghai Road are the main roads, Nanhuan Road - Xinyi Road is the secondary road, and the rest are branch roads. The section from Minzhu Road to Wenming Road is adjacent to Xiangshan Park and Sun and Moon Twin Towers Park, so the traffic volume of people and vehicles is large. Generally speaking, the tree-lined coverage rate of branch roads is better than that of main roads. Based on the following calculation of the supply and demand of recreational travel, the evaluation results of the supply and demand of recreational travel in Xiangshan Street are obtained, as Figure 9 shown, Figure 9 a is a schematic diagram of the evaluation result of the supply of recreational travel functions, Figure 9 b is a schematic diagram of the evaluation result of the demand for recreational travel functions. The specific calculation method of supply and demand evaluation is as follows,

[0171] (1) Supply of recreational travel

[0172] The present invention uses the tree coverage rate and the green view rate scoring coefficient in the road analysis unit to select an equal weight method from two dimensions of planar distribution and pedestrian perspective to evaluate the tree-lined comfort of the community slow-moving space, and the supply quantity of recreational travel WCI i The calculation formula is as follows:

[0173] WCI i = GA i × S(GV i ) (10)

[0174]

[0175] In the formula, WCI i is the recreational travel comfort of the i-th road, GA i is the proportion of the green pixel area in the buffer zone of the i-th road to the total area; studies have shown that 25% is the comfort threshold of street view green view, and 35% is the best green view rate. Based on this principle, the green view rate is scored from 1 to 5 points and numerically standardized. S(GV i ) is the standardized green view rate coefficient of the i-th slow-moving space.

[0176] (2) Recreational travel demand

[0177] The present invention uses the number of people using the path between the residential area and the park green space and the number of people based on the movement trajectory of the Keep app to jointly constitute the use intensity of the community slow-moving space to evaluate the recreational travel demand, and the recreational travel demand intensity WUI j The calculation formula is as follows:

[0178]

[0179] In the formula, WUI j is the use intensity of the slow-moving space of the road analysis unit j, gwd kp is the population density (people / m) of the path from the entrance and exit of the residential area k to the park green space, gwd ka is the population density (people / m) of the Keep movement trajectory. The total population density of the activities of a total of k paths or trajectories is summed up, and l ij is the length (m) of the road analysis unit.

[0180] 2.3 Supply and demand assessment of the function of recreational facilities

[0181] The recreational facilities in the park green spaces of Xiangshan Sub-district, Guilin City are mainly concentrated in comprehensive and community parks such as Xiangshan Scenic Area, Sun and Moon Twin Pagodas Park, and Taohuajiang Park. For pocket parks and community parks, only the small park at the south gate of Xiangshan Scenic Area, Anxin Community Green Space, and Anjiazhou Community have fitness-type recreational facilities. Most of the other pocket parks mainly have rest benches as the main facility type, and the overall satisfaction of residents with the facilities is low. Based on the following calculation of the supply and demand of recreational facilities, the evaluation results of the supply and demand of recreational facilities in Xiangshan Sub-district are obtained, as Figure 10 shown Figure 10 Figure a is a schematic diagram of the evaluation results of the functional supply of recreational facilities; Figure 10 Figure b is a schematic diagram of the evaluation results of the functional demand of recreational facilities. The specific calculation method of the supply and demand evaluation is as follows,

[0182] (1) Supply of recreational facilities

[0183] According to the requirements of the "Park Design Code" GB 51192-2016 for recreational facilities in parks of different sizes, pocket parks need to include rest facilities and sports facilities, and community parks and comprehensive parks larger than 2 hectares need to include rest, sports, service, and cultural facilities. The supply rate of recreational facilities determines the weights of recreational facilities in various types of parks through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), and the supply rate of recreational facilities is obtained by synthesizing the facility weights of park types and the number of facilities.

[0184] Row i represents the park type, corresponding to pocket parks, community parks, and comprehensive parks respectively. Column j represents the facility type, corresponding to sports facilities, rest facilities, cultural facilities, and service facilities respectively.

[0185]

[0186] The facility weight matrix W represents the weights of different types of parks for different facilities. W ij represents the importance weight of the j-th type of facility for the i-th type of park.

[0187]

[0188] In the formula, RFS k is the facility supply rate of park k, F ij is the number of the j-th type of facility in the i-th type of park, Wij is the importance weight of the i-th type of park for the j-th type of facility (obtained from the weight matrix W). Cij is the demand of the i-th type of park for the j-th type of facility (based on the condition matrix C).

[0189] (2) Demand for recreational facilities

[0190] Calculate the recreation facility demand index using IPA (Importance-Performance Analysis). Represent the importance degree using the population aggregation characteristics based on Baidu Heat Map, and the performance degree using the residents' satisfaction. The difference between the two constitutes the recreation facility demand index RFD of various parks k , and the specific calculation method is as follows

[0191] RFD k = IAD k - RSI k (15)

[0192] In the formula, RFD k is the recreation facility demand index, IAD k represents the importance degree of the active population density AD k of the i-th park based on Baidu Heat Map. The importance degree is scored (1-5 points) using the natural break method; RSI k represents the comprehensive satisfaction of residents with the recreation facilities of the k-th park (1-5 points). The difference between the importance degree and the satisfaction degree can form the four categories of demand index classifications as shown in the following table

[0193] Table 9. Classification of Demand Indexes for Various Facilities in Different Parks

[0194]

[0195] Step 3. Overall Evaluation of the Supply-Demand Relationship of Leisure Recreation Functions

[0196] 3.1 Function Analysis Based on the Coupling Evaluation Matrix

[0197] (1) Construction of the Coupling Evaluation Matrix for Recreation Function Supply-Demand

[0198] The present invention first establishes a coupling evaluation matrix for the supply and demand of the leisure recreation function of the green open space around the community scale on the basis of function evaluation, forming different quadrants to represent the evaluation results, and then helping to understand the coupling and coordination state of supply and demand. Since the units and dimensions of the supply and demand of leisure recreation functions in different dimensions are different, the first step in the supply-demand coupling evaluation is to standardize the supply-demand evaluation data of different functions; secondly, construct the horizontal and vertical coordinates of (0-1) numerical values based on the standardized supply-demand numerical values of the recreation function to form a coupling evaluation matrix; finally, distribute the supply-demand evaluation results in a matrix to obtain the supply-demand coupling relationship. According to the coupling states represented by the four quadrants, it can be divided into a coupling disorder area with low supply and high demand, a coupling adaptation area with high supply and high demand, a coupling lag area with low supply and low demand, and a coupling coordination area with high supply and low demand (Table 10 Figure 11 ).

[0199] Table 10. Classification of Demand Indexes for Various Facilities in Different Parks

[0200]

[0201] For adaptation, it indicates that the supply of such functions is sufficient while the level of residents' demand is relatively high, specifically manifested as a relatively high importance or a relatively low satisfaction; for coordination, it indicates that the demand of community residents for such functions is relatively low, specifically manifested as a relatively low importance of the functions or a relatively high satisfaction of residents with such functions; for disharmony, it indicates that the supply level of such functions is relatively low while the level of residents' demand is relatively high, indicating that the demand for such functions is not met; for lag, it indicates that the supply level of such functions is relatively low and the level of residents' demand is also relatively low, and the reason may be the reduced importance caused by the low population density or the small number of activities of the surrounding residents.

[0202] (2) Coupling evaluation results of the recreation functions for different types of community green open spaces

[0203] Through the coupling evaluation of the supply and demand of various recreation functions in the community green open space for leisure, the coupling evaluation results of three types of functions, namely recreation travel, recreation space, and recreation facilities, and the supply and demand coupling evaluation results of different space types and specific samples are obtained ( Figure 12 ). First, in terms of the supply of recreation travel, the supply level of the secondary roads and branch roads (Grade II) is higher than that of the main roads and branch roads (Grade I). In terms of the demand for recreation travel, the branch roads (Grade I) and secondary roads are much higher than the main roads and branch roads (Grade II) ( Figure 12 a, b); second, in terms of the supply of recreation space, comprehensive parks and community parks are higher than pocket parks, while in terms of the demand for recreation space, the demand for community parks is the highest ( Figure 12 c, d); finally, in terms of the supply of recreation facilities, the supply of facilities in community parks is relatively high, while the demand for recreation facilities in pocket parks and community parks is relatively high ( Figure 12 e, f).

[0204] 3.2 Function level evaluation based on the supply-demand ratio model

[0205] The present invention refers to the supply-demand ratio model of ecosystem services to quantify the relationship between the supply and demand of leisure recreation functions, and uses the results of the supply-demand ratio for visual display of spatial distribution. The supply-demand ratio is used to reflect the balance state between the actual supply of leisure recreation functions and the residents' demand in a specific area, which may be manifested as a surplus or a deficit. It can be used to reveal the supply-demand matching situation of the leisure recreation service functions in the study area ( Figure 13 , Table 11). The calculation formula is as follows:

[0206]

[0207] In the formula: R LSD is the supply-demand ratio of the recreation function; S is the function supply; D is the function demand; Smax The maximum value of function supply; D max The maximum value of function demand. If R LSD > 0, it indicates that supply is greater than demand, with a supply surplus; when R LSD = 0, it indicates a balance between supply and demand; if R LSD < 0, it indicates that demand exceeds supply, with a supply - demand deficit.

[0208] (1) Differences in the supply - demand ratio of the recreation functions for different types of community green open spacesTable 11. Evaluation of the supply - demand ratio of the functions of recreation spaces and facilities

[0209]

[0210] (2) Spatial distribution of the supply - demand ratio of the recreation functions for different types of community spaces

[0211] After calculating the supply - demand functions of various recreation functions in the community green open spaces for leisure, the supply - demand ratio results are obtained. Using the natural break method, the evaluation results are divided into five levels, and the spatial distribution of the supply - demand ratio levels of different types of leisure recreation functions in the community green open spaces of Xiangshan Street is obtained, as Figure 14 shown Figure 14 a is a schematic diagram of the distribution of the evaluation results of the supply - demand ratio of the recreation travel function; Figure 14 b is a schematic diagram of the distribution of the evaluation results of the supply - demand ratio of the recreation space function; Figure 14 c is a schematic diagram of the distribution of the evaluation results of the supply - demand ratio of the recreation facility function, and the overall spatial distribution of the supply - demand level shows significant differentiation.

[0212] In terms of recreation travel, the supply - demand ratio of the secondary roads, branch roads (Grade II) including pedestrian paths and trails, etc., is higher than that of branch roads (Grade I) and main roads. In terms of spatial distribution, Minzhu Road - Wenming Road (Branch Road Grade I) in Xiangshan Street has a relatively low supply - demand ratio because the population density around the road section is relatively high, and it is an important community service road, while the tree - lined coverage rate and green view rate in the road buffer area are relatively low. In the Anjiazhou area, Branch Road Grade I, and in the Xiangshan Scenic Area and Ronghu Scenic Area, Branch Road Grade II have relatively high supply - demand ratios because of their high tree - lined coverage rate and relatively low surrounding population density.

[0213] In terms of recreation space, the overall supply - demand ratio of comprehensive parks is higher than that of community parks and pocket parks. In terms of the proportion of the number of park types with supply less than demand in the total number of parks of this type, for pocket parks it is 41%, for community parks it is 55%, and for comprehensive parks it is 17%. In terms of the average supply - demand ratio, for pocket parks it is 0.16, for community parks it is 0.11, and for comprehensive parks it is 0.22. In terms of spatial distribution, Anxin Community, Wumei Community, and Xicheng Community have greater population pressure, while the spatial capacity of various parks is insufficient, so the supply - demand ratio is relatively low. Anjiazhou Community and Wenming Community have relatively high supply - demand ratios because they have relatively large - scale comprehensive parks and appropriate population numbers.

[0214] In terms of recreational facilities, the overall supply-demand ratio of various park facilities is relatively low. In terms of the proportion of the number of park types with supply less than demand to the total number of parks of that type, the proportion for pocket parks is 65%, for community parks is 73%, and for comprehensive parks is 72%. In terms of the average supply-demand ratio, it is 0.41 for pocket parks, 0.36 for community parks, and -0.24 for comprehensive parks. The supply-demand ratio of recreational facilities in pocket parks is significantly lower. In terms of spatial distribution, among the parks in Xiangshan Sub-district, only Xiangshan Park, Sun and Moon Twin Pagodas Cultural Park, and Taohuajiang Park have a supply greater than demand, and the others are in a deficit state with supply less than demand. There are two main reasons. On the one hand, the supply rate of park facilities is seriously insufficient. For example, there are almost no park facilities in Anjiazhouzhou Head Wetland Park. On the other hand, the distributed active population is large while the residents' satisfaction is low, so the demand level is relatively high.

[0215] This invention relies on the following projects: the national key research and development plan project "Coupling Evaluation and Control Platform Construction for Livable Demands and Ecological Service Supply of Urban Blue-Green Spaces" (2022YFC3802601), and the self-funded project of China Urban Construction Design and Research Institute "Key Technology Research on Physical Examination and Renewal of Street Open Spaces from the Perspective of Health" (Y07C24007). It conducts supply-demand ratio and evaluation on the leisure and recreational functions of community green open spaces, providing a reference for improving the validity of spatial layout and the optimization method of quality.

[0216] Finally, it should be noted that the above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacement on some of the technical features. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0217] Except for the technical features described in the specification, the rest are well-known technologies to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. An evaluation method for the leisure and recreation function of green open spaces in a community living circle, characterized in that, The evaluation method for the leisure and recreation function of the green open space in the community living circle includes: Step 1: Conduct multi-source data collection. The multi-source data includes behavioral activity data and ecological and built environment data. The behavioral activity data includes the use of behavioral activity trajectories, distributions, and residents' subjective preferences and opinions. The ecological and built environment data includes land cover, land use types, environmental forms, and quality. The use of behavioral activity trajectories, distributions, and residents' subjective preferences and opinions characterizes the use demand of the leisure and recreation function, and the use of land cover, land use types, environmental forms, and quality characterizes the spatial supply of the leisure and recreation function. Step 2: Conduct the identification of the leisure and recreation function. The identification of the leisure and recreation function includes the identification of the corridor space of the community slow-moving space and the patch spaces of pocket parks, community parks, and comprehensive parks on the supply side of the leisure and recreation space, and the integration of the space quantity, area, quality, and facility types as the supply representation. On the demand side of the leisure and recreation function use, the diverse use demands at the objective and subjective levels such as recreation travel, population distribution, and cognitive preferences are used for identification. Among them, the identification of the leisure and recreation function space supply includes the identification of the community slow-moving space and its elements. The identification of the community slow-moving space elements combines two types of data: high-precision remote sensing interpretation and Baidu Street View. The tree coverage rate is obtained by identifying the proportion of trees in the analysis unit. The street view green view rate is obtained by setting street view sampling points at regular intervals on the road. The merged pictures are processed through the InternImage deep learning model to identify the proportion of the visual fields of green elements such as trees and vegetation in the street view pictures. Step 3: Conduct the classification assessment of the supply and demand of the leisure and recreation function. Assess from three functional levels: recreation space, recreation travel, and recreation facilities to obtain the assessment results. On the basis of the identification of supply and demand characteristics, based on the characteristics of the supply of the leisure and recreation space and the use demand in the green open space of the 15-minute community living circle, respectively propose the assessment indicators and calculation formulas on the supply side and the demand side for the three functional levels of recreation space, recreation travel, and recreation facilities in the leisure and recreation of the green open space in the 15-minute community living circle to obtain the assessment results. The supply and demand assessment selects quantitative indicators that meet the spatial supply and use demand. For the supply and demand of the recreation space, the park carrying capacity is used as the supply volume of the recreation space, and the park service pressure is used as the demand volume of the recreation space. For the supply and demand of the recreation travel, the tree-lined comfort is used as the supply volume of the recreation travel, and the use intensity of the slow-moving space is used as the demand volume of the recreation travel. For the supply and demand of the recreation facilities, the weight and quantity of the recreation facilities are used as the supply rate of the recreation facilities, and the importance-satisfaction of the recreation facilities is used as the demand index of the recreation facilities. Six indicators are used to evaluate the leisure and recreation function from the supply and demand indicators at the three levels of space, travel, and facilities. Step 4: Conduct an overall evaluation of the supply-demand relationship of the leisure and recreation function, obtain the spatial distribution characteristics, and form an evaluation method for the leisure and recreation function. The overall evaluation of the supply-demand relationship of the leisure and recreation function obtains the differences in the leisure and recreation functions of different spatial types through the supply-demand evaluation matrix and the supply-demand ratio, and obtains the spatial distribution characteristics, forming an evaluation method for the leisure and recreation function. On the basis of function evaluation, a supply-demand coupling evaluation matrix for the leisure and recreation function of green open space at the community scale is established, and different quadrants represent the evaluation results. According to the coupling states represented by the four quadrants, it can be divided into a coupling disorder area with low supply and high demand, a coupling adaptation area with high supply and high demand, a coupling lag area with low supply and low demand, and a coupling coordination area with high supply and low demand. The supply-demand ratio is used to reflect the balance state between the actual supply of the leisure and recreation function and the residents' demand in a specific area, which may show a surplus or a deficit. If the supply-demand ratio R of the recreation function LSD > 0, it means that the supply is greater than the demand and there is a supply surplus; when R LSD = 0, it means that the supply and demand are balanced; if R LSD < 0, it means that the supply falls short of the demand and there is a supply-demand deficit; Among them, Step 3 specifically includes: Step 31: Conduct the supply and demand assessment of the recreation space function, including the supply of the recreation space and the Combined with on-site research, based on road network data and the distribution of park green spaces, calculate the carrying capacity of pocket parks, community parks, and comprehensive parks within the 15-minute living circle as an assessment of the supply of recreational spaces, and the supply of recreational spaces RSS j The calculation formula is as follows: Wherein, RSS j is the carrying capacity of each park green space j; is the green space area of the i-th park carrying activities; A gu is the per capita green space activity area; is the non-green space area of the i-th park carrying activities; Per capita non-green space activity area; is the daily opening hours of the i-th park; is the average activity time of visitors in each park; Use the number of people served within a 5-minute walk of pocket parks, a 15-minute walk of community parks and comprehensive parks calculated based on road network data to evaluate the spatial demand for recreational services RSD j , the calculation formula for the demand for recreational space based on park service pressure is as follows: where RSD j is the total service demand of each park green space j; D ik is the permanent population corresponding to each residential area entrance k; d kj is the road network distance between the residential area entrance k and the community park and comprehensive park j. Unit k needs to fall within the 5-minute walking distance of the pocket park and within the 15-minute walking distance d0 of the community park and comprehensive park, that is, d kj ≤d0; G(d ij ) is the Gaussian attenuation function considering spatial friction [1], and its specific form can be expressed as, Step 32: Conduct the assessment of the supply and demand of the recreation travel function, including the supply of the recreation travel and the demand for the recreation travel; Using the tree coverage rate and green view rate scoring coefficients in the road analysis unit, an equal-weight method is selected from two dimensions: planar distribution and pedestrian perspective to evaluate the tree-lined comfort of the community slow-moving space, and the supply of recreational trips WCI i The calculation formula is as follows: WCI i = GA i × S(GV i ) (10) Wherein, WCI i is the recreation travel comfort of the i-th road, and GA i is the proportion of the green pixel area in the buffer zone of the i-th road to the total area; studies have shown that 25% is the comfort threshold of street view green view, and 35% is the best green view rate. Based on this principle, the green view rate is scored from 1 to 5 and numerically standardized. S(GV i ) is the standardized green view rate coefficient of the i-th slow travel space; The use intensity of the community slow travel space, which is jointly composed of the number of people using the paths between residential areas and park green spaces and the number of people based on the movement trajectories in the Keep app, is used to evaluate the recreational travel demand, and the recreational travel demand intensity WUI j The calculation formula is as follows: where, WUI j is the usage intensity of the slow traffic space of road analysis unit j, gwd kp is the population density of the path from the entrance / exit of residential area k to the park green space, person / m, gwd ka is the population density of the keep movement trajectory, person / m, and the total population density of activities for a total of k paths or trajectories is summed up, l ij is the length of the road analysis unit, m; Step 33: Conduct the supply and demand assessment of the recreation facilities function, including the supply of the recreation facilities and the demand for the recreation facilities; The supply rate of recreational facilities determines the weights of various types of park recreational facilities in the community through the analytic hierarchy process. The supply rate of recreational facilities is obtained by synthesizing the facility weights and the number of facilities of different park types. Row i represents the park type, corresponding to pocket parks, community parks, and comprehensive parks respectively; column j represents the facility type, corresponding to sports facilities, rest facilities, cultural facilities, and service facilities respectively. The facility weight matrix W represents the weights of different types of parks for different facilities; W ij represents the importance weight of the j-th type of facility for the i-th type of park, where, RFS k is the facility supply rate of park k, F ij is the number of the j-th type of facilities in the i-th type of park, Wij is the importance weight of the j-th type of facilities in the i-th type of park, obtained from the weight matrix W, and Cij is the demand of the j-th type of facilities in the i-th type of park, obtained based on the condition matrix C; The IPA is used to calculate the demand index of recreational facilities, the population aggregation characteristics based on Baidu heat maps are used to represent the importance degree, and the residents' satisfaction is used to represent the performance degree. The difference between the two constitutes the demand index RFD of various parks' recreational facilities k , and the specific calculation method is as follows RFD k = IAD k - RSI k (15) Wherein, RFD k is the recreation facility demand index, and IAD k represents the importance degree of the active population density AD k of the i-th park based on Baidu heat map, and the importance degree is scored by using the natural break method; RSI k represents the comprehensive satisfaction degree of residents with the recreation facilities of the k-th park, and the difference between the importance degree and the satisfaction degree can form four categories of demand index grading; Step 4 specifically includes: Step 41: Conduct a functional analysis based on the coupling evaluation matrix, construct a coupling evaluation matrix for the supply and demand of recreational functions, and obtain the evaluation coupling results of three types of functions, namely recreational travel, recreational space, and recreational facilities, as well as the supply and demand coupling evaluation results of different spatial types and specific samples through the coupling evaluation of the supply and demand of various recreational functions in the green open space for leisure in the community. Step 42: Conduct a functional level evaluation based on the supply-demand ratio model; refer to the supply-demand ratio model of ecosystem services to quantify the relationship between the supply and demand of leisure and recreational functions, and use the results of the supply-demand ratio for visual display of spatial distribution; the supply-demand ratio is used to reflect the balance state between the actual supply of leisure and recreational functions and the residents' demands in a specific area, which may show a surplus or deficit; it can be used to reveal the supply-demand matching situation of leisure and recreational service functions in the study area, and the calculation formula is as follows: Where: R LSD is the supply-demand ratio of the recreation function; S is the function supply; D is the function demand; S max is the maximum value of the function supply; D max is the maximum value of the function demand; If R LSD > 0, it means the supply is greater than the demand, and there is a supply surplus; When R LSD = 0, it means the supply and demand are balanced; If R LSD < 0, it means the supply falls short of the demand, and there is a supply-demand deficit; In Step 41, first, based on the functional evaluation, establish a coupling evaluation matrix for the supply and demand of leisure and recreational functions of the green open space at the community scale, form different quadrants to represent the evaluation results, and then help understand the coupling and coordination state of supply and demand; since the units and dimensions of the supply and demand of leisure and recreational functions in different dimensions are different, the first step in the supply and demand coupling evaluation is to standardize the evaluation data of the supply and demand of different functions. Secondly, construct the horizontal and vertical coordinates with 0-1 values based on the standardized supply and demand values of recreational functions to form a coupling evaluation matrix. Finally, distribute the supply and demand evaluation results in the matrix to obtain the supply and demand coupling relationship; according to the coupling states represented by the four quadrants, it can be divided into a coupling maladjustment area with low supply and high demand, a coupling adaptation area with high supply and high demand, a coupling lag area with low supply and low demand, and a coupling coordination area with high supply and low demand. For adaptation, it indicates that the supply of such functions is sufficient, while the residents' demand level is relatively high, specifically manifested as a higher importance or a lower satisfaction. For coordination, it indicates that the community residents show a relatively low demand for this type of function, specifically manifested as a lower importance of the function or a higher satisfaction of the residents with this type of function. For maladjustment, it indicates that the supply level of such functions is relatively low, while the residents' demand level is relatively high, indicating that the demand for such functions has not been met. For lag, it indicates that the supply level of such functions is relatively low, and the residents' demand level is also relatively low. The reason may be that the importance degree is reduced due to the low population density or the small number of activities of the surrounding residents.

2. The evaluation method for the leisure and recreation function of the green open space in the community living circle according to claim 1, wherein In Step 2, the identification of the spatial supply of leisure and recreational functions includes: (2a) Conduct the identification of park green space patches; classify them into three different types of green open space with different functions according to the patch area and land use type, including comprehensive parks, community parks, and pocket parks; among them, extract the centroid of the pocket park, and select the park entrances and exits of the community park and comprehensive park as the supply points according to the POI. (2b) Identify the types and distributions of recreational facilities within the park green space patches; the identification of the types and distributions of recreational facilities is obtained through on-site investigations of various recreational facility elements within the park green space. The facilities include activity venues, barrier-free facilities, footpaths, sports fields, leisure seats, fitness equipment, entertainment equipment, and public restrooms. According to the park green space design specifications, the facility types are divided into four major categories: sports, rest, service, and culture; combined with POIs, assist in identifying the distributions of park green spaces and the public service facilities distributed within them. (2c) Identify the community slow-moving space and its elements; the identification of the community slow-moving space elements combines two types of data: high-precision remote sensing interpretation and Baidu Street View. The tree coverage rate is obtained by identifying the proportion of trees within the analysis unit; the street view green view rate is obtained by setting street view sampling points at certain intervals along the road. The combined pictures are processed through the InternImage deep learning model to identify the proportion of the visual fields of green elements such as trees and vegetation in the street view pictures. GV i The pictures at the upper, lower, left, and right four directions of the Baidu Street View sampling point of the i-th slow traffic space The proportion of the view of medium-sized trees; V i is the total number of pixels in the picture.

3. The evaluation method for the leisure and recreation function of the green open space in the community living circle according to claim 1, characterized in that In step 2, the identification of the usage requirements of the leisure and recreation function includes: (21) Identify the community population distribution; the identification of the community population distribution is divided into two aspects: static distribution and dynamic distribution; in terms of the identification of the static distribution of the resident population, first, based on the community population statistics under the jurisdiction of the street, the building area of the residential area, and the number of building floors, correct the resident population distribution to improve the granularity of the population demand data to the building scale; second, identify the entrances and exits of the residential area to improve the accuracy of the calculation results of the accessibility of green open spaces; finally, evenly distribute the total population of each residential area to each entrance and exit according to the number of entrances and exits to obtain the population demand quantity at the entrances and exits. where, RD i is the residential building population density of the i-th community, P i is the total population of the i-th community, A ij is the building area of the j-th residential building in the i-th community, and n is the total number of residential buildings in the i-th community; wherein, RD ik is the number of people corresponding to the entrance / exit of each residential area k, A k is the total building area of the k-th residential area, E ik is the number of entrances / exits of residential area k; In terms of the identification of the dynamic population distribution, use the Baidu API to cumulatively obtain the cumulative number of people and their distributions within the park green space. where: AD k is the active population density of the k-th analysis unit area, person / m 2 , n is the number of pixels in the analysis unit, S i is the population quantity in the i-th pixel, R i is the total pixel area; (22) Identify the characteristics of recreational travel; The identification of the characteristics of recreational travel is obtained by using two methods: the walking path planning based on the residential area and the park green space and the statistics of the number of people based on the movement trajectories on the Keep app; first, use the 15-minute walking path planning between the residential area and the park green space to obtain the number of people using different paths, which is extracted based on OSM data; different levels of roads are identified through the ArcGIS road network analysis; the 15-minute walking connection paths between the entrances and exits of each residential area and the entrances and exits of community parks and comprehensive parks are spatially connected to the current road network to obtain the population density of the paths used for recreational travel. where gwd kp is the population density of the path from the entrance of residential area k to the park green space, person / m, RD ik is the number of people corresponding to the entrance of residential area k, L kp is the length of the path, m; Based on the Keep app platform, capture the movement trajectories of walking and running that include the number of check-ins, and spatially connect them to the current road network to obtain the population density of the movement trajectories. In the formula, gwd ka is the population density (persons / m) of the keep movement trajectory, P keep is the number of active people in the movement trajectory, L keep is the trajectory length (m); (23) Identify the cognitive and preference characteristics; Understand the satisfaction of the resident population with the green open space facilities through the satisfaction questionnaire of the Likert scale, and obtain the satisfaction scoring results of the residents for a total of 6 facilities, including the rest facilities and sports facilities in the pocket parks within the street, and the rest facilities, sports facilities, cultural facilities, and service facilities in the community and comprehensive parks.

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