Plateau expressway side slope wound surface grading method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection, in particular to a plateau highway side slope wound grading method, which comprises the following steps of S1, acquiring road side slope characteristic data, preprocessing the side slope characteristic data, determining various classification grades of the side slope characteristic data, and scoring; and determining the slope surface classification grade of the slope according to the scoring results of the slope characteristic data. S2, obtaining the original vegetation data of the road slope, and scoring the original ecological items of the road slope according to the vegetation type data, the vegetation number and the abundance; and the slope vegetation classification grade is determined by integrating the scoring results of the original ecology of the road slope. And S3, according to the slope classification grade and the slope plant abundance grade, performing wound repair difficulty assessment of the slope wound, and dividing and determining the slope wound grade.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of ecological restoration technology, and in particular to a highway slope wound surface classification method, which determines the damage by classifying the highway slope wound surface to guide the subsequent slope wound surface repair work. The method of the invention is particularly suitable for standardized guidance and optimization of highway slope wound surface classification and repair work in plateau areas. Background Art

[0002] Plateau refers to a relatively flat terrain with a higher ground elevation, less ground undulations, and relative to the surrounding areas. Generally speaking, the altitude of a plateau is above 500 meters, with steep edges and a relatively open top. It can be a large flat area or a slightly undulating terrain. The vegetation growth in plateau areas is different from that in plains, making it more difficult to repair slope wounds during highway construction in plateau areas. Especially during the construction of highways in high-altitude plateau areas, the slope wounds formed have extremely fragile ecological environments. Once the slope ecology is damaged, it becomes very difficult to repair it again. However, there are still large differences in the repair of different slopes in high-altitude plateau areas, because the basic conditions for vegetation growth are relatively complex.

[0003] An expressway is a closed road designed for high-speed driving of cars. It is usually a two-way road without traffic lights, with the two-way lanes separated by a central divider. The numbers of China's expressways begin with "G", indicating the national expressway network, followed by Arabic numerals. In addition, there are provincial expressways beginning with "S". The development of expressways is of great significance in promoting regional economy, improving traffic efficiency, and relieving traffic pressure.

[0004] Compared with general highway construction, expressway construction has higher requirements for the flatness and turning radius of the highway, and the slopes of the corresponding expressway are more difficult to repair than those of general highways. In particular, the ecological restoration of the slopes of plateau expressways is very complex due to the geographical environment, vehicle noise and vibration, etc.

[0005] It must be understood that the restoration of damaged slope ecosystems always requires vegetation restoration, that is, vegetation restoration is the first step in the reconstruction of degraded ecosystems. Slope ecological vegetation often plays multiple roles, including stabilizing soil structure, conserving soil and water, improving soil quality, increasing soil organic matter content, and improving soil fertility.

[0006] Through the activities of its root system, slope vegetation can firmly fix the slope soil, prevent soil erosion, promote water infiltration and soil development, thereby improving soil stability, reducing the risk of natural disasters such as landslides and mudslides, and can also increase biodiversity and promote the natural succession of ecosystems, thereby achieving sustainable development. Therefore, slope vegetation restoration is of great significance to the safety, environmental protection and sustainable development of my country's infrastructure.

[0007] The JM project area is located in the southeastern edge of the QZ Plateau, in the transition zone from the northwestern Sichuan mountains to the plateau. The ground elevation is between 2180 and 5301 m, with an average elevation of more than 3000 m. The highest elevation is Daogou Mountain at the end of Kanzhugou in SM Township in the southeast (5301 m), and the lowest elevation is KEK River Dam in DB Township in the south (2180 m). The territory is full of mountains, towering terrain, mountains and rivers, and peaks. The height difference between ridges and valleys is as high as 1800 meters to 2300 meters. The mountains and rivers run north-south and east-west, forming a plateau, mountain, and alpine canyon landform that integrates hills, mountains, and mountains. Therefore, the JM project route is between 3125 meters and 3787 meters above sea level, which is a high-altitude plateau project. The difficulty of slope wound repair is much higher than that of traditional highway slope repair work.

[0008] The rational selection of vegetation for highway slope restoration is an important prerequisite for the effectiveness of slope vegetation restoration. However, there are currently no systematic documents and guidance standards for the classification of highway engineering wounds and the restoration of vegetation at all levels. In order to effectively restore slope vegetation, many factors need to be considered, including local climate conditions, soil type, vegetation adaptability, and coordination with the surrounding natural environment.

[0009] Existing technologies are mostly aimed at repairing wounds at a specific location or project, lacking in systematicness and standardization. When research results are transferred, they often fail to adapt to local climate and soil conditions of the highway, resulting in poor ecological restoration of slope vegetation and the inability to achieve an ideal ecological balance for a long time.

[0010] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a highway slope wound classification method to facilitate the scientific assessment of highway slope damaged ecosystems and guide vegetation restoration work. This has important practical significance and long-term development significance for infrastructure construction, environmental protection and ecological civilization construction. Summary of the invention

[0011] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the problem that there is a lack of a grading method for slope wounds in highway construction projects in the prior art, which leads to a lack of systematic scientific guidance for vegetation restoration work on the wounds, and to provide a highway slope wound grading method, which is particularly suitable for grading highway slope wounds in plateau areas and corresponding guidance for slope wound restoration work.

[0012] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A method for grading slope wounds on a plateau expressway comprises the following steps: S1. Obtaining highway slope characteristic data, wherein the slope characteristic data includes: slope height, slope gradient, soil type and altitude; Preprocess the slope characteristic data, determine the classification level of each item of the slope characteristic data and give a score; The slope classification grade of the excavated slope is determined based on the scoring results of each item of slope characteristic data.

[0013] S2. Acquire original vegetation data of the highway slope, wherein the original vegetation data of the highway slope includes: vegetation type data, vegetation quantity and abundance; Based on the vegetation type data, vegetation quantity and abundance, the original ecology of the highway slope is comprehensively scored to obtain the original vegetation ecological comprehensive score; Then, the abundance level of slope plants was determined according to the comprehensive ecological score of the original vegetation.

[0014] S3. According to the slope classification level of S1 and the slope plant abundance level of S2, the difficulty of slope wound repair is assessed and the slope wound classification is determined.

[0015] The present invention is based on the scoring of characteristic data of highway engineering wound surfaces and the scoring of original ecology of slopes (statistical analysis of original vegetation information of slopes), and integrates slope morphology, soil and original vegetation data to grade slope wound surfaces, thereby achieving grade division of slope wound surfaces, and can more scientifically evaluate the repairability of slopes; and can classify and determine the difficulty of wound repair according to the characteristics of slope scenes, and guide different slopes to be repaired scientifically and efficiently.

[0016] In the wound grading process of the wound grading method of the present invention, multiple slope types such as fragile slopes and easily fragile slopes are divided according to the steepness of the slope and the fragility of the slope soil; according to the growth characteristics of the original vegetation and the ecological characteristics of the original vegetation, the repairability is further screened and evaluated to determine the slope wound grade. Based on the slope wound grade determined by the present invention, it can guide the determination of suitable repair technology, screen the repair vegetation species, screen out suitable vegetation varieties to match the slope state determined by the grading situation, and apply it to the standardized repair construction of highway engineering wounds. In particular, in the process of wound grading, regional dominant species can be determined, and their repair application potential is the greatest.

[0017] The wound surface classification method of the present invention is particularly suitable for the graded treatment of slope wound surfaces in highway construction projects. Due to the regulatory restrictions such as construction flatness and turning radius, the slope wound surface of highways is more complicated than that of ordinary highway projects. Compared with ordinary highway construction projects, there are more slope wound surface repairs and more complex slope wound surfaces that need to be repaired. Therefore, the slope wound classification method of the present invention can be applied to the graded treatment of slope wound surfaces in highway and highway construction projects in plateau areas. The vegetation ecology in plateau areas is more fragile, and the corresponding slope wound surface repair is more difficult. A more refined slope wound surface grade division is required to form a scientific guidance plan to complete efficient slope wound repair work.

[0018] Furthermore, in S1, the slope characteristic data is preprocessed, including filling missing values ​​and deleting abnormal values. Missing values ​​are assigned a value of 0, and after the abnormal values ​​are deleted, they are assigned a value of 0.

[0019] Furthermore, in S1, the slope height classification level and scoring method are as follows: the slope height classification level is determined according to the slope height, and the score is quantified, and the standards are as follows: Table 1 Slope height classification and quantitative scoring based on slope height

[0020] The slope height is quantified and evaluated based on the slope height. The wound area of ​​low slopes is usually smaller, and it is less difficult to restore the surrounding vegetation. In the case of large slope heights, a large amount of surface soil is usually required to be excavated, even reaching the bedrock. The higher the slope, the more difficult it is to repair the wound.

[0021] Furthermore, in S1, the slope classification level and scoring method are as follows: the slope classification level is determined according to the slope of the highway side slope, and the score is quantified, and the standards are as follows: Table 2 Determination of slope classification and quantitative scoring of highway side slope

[0022] The slope of the highway slope has an important impact on the stability of the soil on the highway slope. If the slope is gentle enough, the threat of landslide and collapse is small, which is conducive to the accumulation of loose soil and the growth and fixation of vegetation. The slope of the highway slope also has different tolerance to rainfall. When the vegetation is replanted, a large amount of watering (equivalent to a large amount of rainfall) is required. A larger slope may increase the risk of soil erosion and landslide, making it more difficult to repair the wound.

[0023] Furthermore, in S1, the soil type classification level is: the soil type is classified into levels according to the degree of suitability for plant growth, and can be specifically divided into first, second and third levels.

[0024] Furthermore, in S1, the classification level and scoring method of soil types are as follows: determine the soil classification level according to the degree of suitability for plant growth, and divide the soil types into: soil slope, rock slope, rock slope; classification and quantitative scoring, the standards are as follows.

[0025] Table 3 Soil classification and quantitative scoring

[0026] Note: The rock and soil slopes in the above table include mixed sand slopes / rock and soil slopes, which are slope types D between soil slopes and rock slopes.

[0027] The relationship between soil type and vegetation growth is very close. Sandy soil has large particles, good drainage, and strong air permeability, but low water retention capacity and nutrient content. Only herbaceous plants / shrubs with good drought tolerance, such as sea buckthorn, can be planted. Loam particles are moderate in size, with good drainage and good air permeability, which can be suitable for the growth of most plants. Clay soil has fine particles and strong water retention capacity, but poor air permeability and easy to compact, making it difficult for newly planted vegetation to survive. Peat soil is rich in organic matter and is mainly distributed in low-lying areas in cold and humid areas, such as mountain valleys, river and lake sedimentation low plains, etc., and less in plateau areas. Alpine soil is usually thin and low in nutrient content, and can only grow alpine meadow plants and some coniferous trees.

[0028] Different soil types have different suitabilities for plant growth. Soil types are divided into grades to facilitate quantitative calculation of the difficulty of repairing slope wounds.

[0029] Furthermore, in S1, the altitude classification level and scoring method are as follows: the altitude classification level is determined according to the altitude, and the scoring is quantified, and the standards are as follows.

[0030] Table 4 Altitude classification and quantitative scoring based on altitude

[0031] Specifically, it is divided into four levels according to the different ranges of altitude: medium altitude: 1500-2000 (inclusive) meters, medium-high altitude: 2000-2500 (inclusive) meters, high altitude: 2500-3500 (inclusive) meters, ultra-high altitude: above 3500 (not included) meters; marked as level one, two, three, and four, and scored 1, 2, 4, and 8 points respectively.

[0032] Furthermore, the slope classification level of the excavated slope is determined by comprehensively evaluating the scoring results of each item of slope characteristic data. The specific method is as follows: According to the highway slope height, slope gradient, soil type and altitude data, the scoring results are summed up; based on the summation result, the slope surface classification level of the excavated slope is determined.

[0033] Furthermore, the scores determined by the slope height, slope gradient, soil type, and altitude are weighted and summed to obtain the comprehensive score of the slope characteristic data. Then, the slope surface classification level of the excavated slope is determined based on the comprehensive score of the slope characteristic data.

[0034]

[0035] Among them, S is the comprehensive score of slope characteristic data, α i Assign a weight to the i-th slope characteristic data, X i is the scoring result of the i-th slope characteristic data.

[0036] Among them, the weight coefficient term α i All of them can be set to 1. According to different research scenarios, the coefficient weights of each sub-item can be adaptively modified to better divide the slope classification levels for different scenarios.

[0037] Furthermore, based on the comprehensive score of the slope characteristic data obtained, the slope surface classification grade standard for the excavated slope is determined as follows.

[0038] Table 5 Slope classification standards for excavated slopes

[0039] Based on the comprehensive score of slope characteristic data, we can scientifically and quantitatively judge the potential difficulty of slope repair, as well as the amount of human and material resources required, so as to achieve a good repair effect on the slope excavation surface, avoid early judgment errors that lead to the slope wound repair project failing to achieve the expected goals, and reduce the risk of project rework.

[0040] Furthermore, in S2, the original ecology of the highway slope is comprehensively scored based on the vegetation type data, vegetation quantity and abundance, as follows: in the slope area to be excavated, a sampling area is randomly selected to count the vegetation type data, vegetation quantity and abundance; then, based on the 1m 2 Vegetation type data, vegetation quantity, and abundance are used to score the original vegetation ecology of the highway slopes.

[0041] Preferably, if the number of vegetation is less than 3, it will not be counted and the score will be determined as 0.

[0042] Preferably, each item of the original ecology of the highway slope is scored to obtain a comprehensive score of the original vegetation ecology. The specific scoring standard is referred to the following table.

[0043] Table 6 Scoring criteria for the original vegetation ecological comprehensive score

[0044] Score according to the above table to obtain the comprehensive score of original vegetation ecology.

[0045] Furthermore, the abundance level of slope plants was determined based on the original vegetation ecological comprehensive score calculation.

[0046] Table 7 Comprehensive calculation to determine the abundance level of slope plants

[0047] By determining the original ecology of the highway slope and scoring it, we can obtain a slope vegetation diversity rating, which is used to guide the selection of slope wound repair construction technology and vegetation selection.

[0048] Furthermore, by importing aerial photos into CAD software, the vegetation abundance in the highway construction area was calculated using the CAD area matrix to determine the plant abundance level in each area.

[0049] Further, in S3, the slope wound repair difficulty is evaluated according to the slope classification level of S1 and the slope plant abundance level of S2. The specific evaluation table is as follows to determine the slope repair difficulty. Then, the slope wound classification is determined according to the slope repair difficulty.

[0050] Table 8 Classification of slope wound surface

[0051] Among them, the difficulty levels of slope repair are easy, relatively easy, medium, relatively difficult, and difficult, corresponding to the slope wound grading levels 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 respectively.

[0052] The present invention also provides a slope repair method, selects slope vegetation repair technology according to wound surface classification and species type, and selects a preset repair scheme according to the slope wound surface grade. The applicable level of the repair treatment method is clarified, which is convenient for directly selecting the repair treatment option corresponding to the wound surface.

[0053] A slope repair method, comprising grading the slope according to the above-mentioned highway slope wound surface grading method, and determining the slope wound surface grading and the slope plant abundance grade; Then, the level of the wound surface to be repaired is determined according to the level of plant abundance on the highway slope and the level of the wound surface on the slope; Then, according to the classification level of the slope to be repaired and the abundance level of slope plants, select the vegetation for slope wound repair and the repair technology.

[0054] Furthermore, when selecting vegetation for restoration, select dominant species in the area where the slope is located.

[0055] Furthermore, the restoration treatment methods include: artificial sowing technology, soil spraying technology, turf transplantation technology, three-dimensional net technology, vegetation belt technology, vegetation bag technology, and plant fiber blanket technology.

[0056] Furthermore, during the slope wound repair process, vegetation restoration species selection: conduct surveys on the types, quantities, biomass, abundance, etc. of trees, shrubs, grasses, flowers and ground cover resources along the highway, and screen dominant species. According to the wound grade, select different restoration vegetation varieties and matching proportions, and select slope vegetation restoration technology according to the wound grade and species type.

[0057] Preferably, the level of the wound surface to be repaired is determined according to the abundance level of the highway slope vegetation and the level of the slope wound surface. The specific method is as follows: Table 9 Wound grade to be repaired and repair technology

[0058] Based on the slope surface classification level and plant abundance level, the difficulty level of highway slope surface repair can be determined, different surface grades can be divided, and different repair methods can be adopted for different surface grades. In this way, a good repair effect can be obtained, the difference between the repair method and the slope type and the original ecological restoration target can be avoided, the speed and quality of slope surface repair can be improved, the environmental ecological damage caused by the failure of slope surface repair can be avoided, the efficiency of highway construction restoration can be improved, and the impact of highway construction on the environmental ecology can be reduced.

[0059] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention selects appropriate vegetation restoration methods based on the classification of engineering wounds (slopes) and the screening of vegetation restoration species. Compared with traditional slope wound repair technologies, it can provide more targeted repair solutions, especially for plateau highways. Especially for high-cold areas, due to the fragility of vegetation ecology, the difficulty of repairing different wounds varies greatly. Through the wound classification method, different repair solutions for different wounds are realized, achieving scientific and standardized repair, and higher repair stability and consistency.

[0060] 2. The present invention divides the slope grades based on the excavation data of the highway engineering wound surface and the original vegetation information of the slope, which can more scientifically evaluate the repairability of the slope, and classify and determine the difficulty of wound repair according to the characteristics of the slope scene, so as to guide different slopes to be repaired scientifically and efficiently. Among them, the repair vegetation species can also be screened during the wound classification process, and suitable vegetation varieties can be screened out and applied to the standardized repair construction of highway engineering wound surfaces. In particular, the regional dominant species can be determined during the wound classification process, and its repair application potential is the greatest. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0061] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of slope wound grading evaluation in Example 1.

[0062] Figure 2These are typical photos of slope wound repair results. For gentle slopes, seeds are directly sprayed for repair, and for steep slopes, grass seeds are spread using lattice beams for repair. The repair effects are good in various scenarios. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0063] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with test examples and specific implementation methods. However, this should not be understood as the scope of the above subject matter of the present invention being limited to the following embodiments, and all technologies realized based on the content of the present invention belong to the scope of the present invention.

[0064] Unless otherwise specified, in the description of the specific embodiments of the present invention, the terms indicating the orientation or position relationship such as "up", "down", "left", "right", "center", "inside", "outside", etc. are all expressions based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or position relationship when the invented product / equipment / device is usually used. These terms of orientation or position relationship are only for the convenience of describing the scheme of the present invention or simplifying the description in the specific embodiments, so as to facilitate the technicians to quickly understand the scheme, rather than indicating or implying that a specific device / component / element must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific position relationship, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0065] In addition, if the terms "horizontal", "vertical", "overhanging", "parallel" and the like appear, it does not mean that the corresponding devices / components / elements are required to be absolutely horizontal or vertical or overhanging or parallel, but may be slightly tilted or have deviations. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but may be slightly tilted. Alternatively, it can be simplified to mean that the corresponding devices / components / elements are set in directions such as "horizontal", "vertical", "overhanging", "parallel", etc., and can have an error / deviation of ±10% relative to the corresponding direction setting, more preferably an error / deviation within ±8%, more preferably an error / deviation within ±6%, more preferably an error / deviation within ±5%, and more preferably an error / deviation within ±4%. As long as the corresponding device / component / element is within the error / deviation range, it can still achieve its role in the scheme of the present invention.

[0066] In addition, the expressions “first”, “second”, “third”, etc. that appear in the terms are merely descriptions used to distinguish the same or similar components and should not be understood as emphasizing or implying the relative importance of specific components.

[0067] In addition, in the description of the embodiments of the present invention, "several", "plurality" and "a number" represent at least 2. It can be any number such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and even more than 9.

[0068] In addition, in the description of the technical solution of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified / defined / restricted, the terms "set", "install", "connect", "connected", "provided with", "laid", and "arranged" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection, and can be welding, riveting, bolting, threading, and other commonly used connection means in the field. This connection can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal connection of two elements.

[0069] Example 1 A highway slope wound surface classification method comprises the following steps: S1. Obtain highway slope characteristic data, the slope characteristic data including: slope height, slope gradient, soil type and altitude; preprocess the slope characteristic data, including filling missing values ​​and deleting abnormal values. For missing values, assign 0 value, and after deleting abnormal values, assign 0 value.

[0070] Determine the classification level of each item of slope characteristic data and assign a score: The slope height classification level and scoring method are as follows: the classification level is determined according to the slope height and the scoring is quantified. The standards are as follows: Table 10 Slope height classification and quantitative scoring based on slope height

[0071] The slope height is quantified and evaluated based on the slope height. The wound area of ​​low slopes is usually smaller, and it is less difficult to restore the surrounding vegetation. In the case of large slope heights, a large amount of surface soil is usually required to be excavated, even reaching the bedrock. The higher the slope, the more difficult it is to repair the wound.

[0072] The slope classification and scoring method is as follows: the classification level is determined according to the slope of the highway side slope and the scoring is quantified. The standards are as follows: Table 11 Determination of slope classification and quantitative scoring of highway side slope

[0073] The slope of the highway slope has an important impact on the stability of the soil on the highway slope. If the slope is gentle enough, the threat of landslide and collapse is small, which is conducive to the accumulation of loose soil and the growth and fixation of vegetation. The slope of the highway slope also has different tolerance to rainfall. When the vegetation is replanted, a large amount of watering (equivalent to a large amount of rainfall) is required. A larger slope may increase the risk of soil erosion and landslide, making it more difficult to repair the wound.

[0074] The soil type classification levels are: soil types are divided into first, second and third grades according to their suitability for plant growth.

[0075] Furthermore, in S1, the soil type classification level and scoring method are as follows: the soil type is classified according to its suitability for plant growth, and the soil types are divided into: soil slope, rock slope, rock slope; and then quantitatively scored, and the standards are as follows.

[0076] Table 12 Soil classification and quantitative scoring

[0077] The relationship between soil type and vegetation growth is very close. Sandy soil has large particles, good drainage, and strong air permeability, but low water retention capacity and nutrient content. Only herbaceous plants / shrubs with good drought tolerance, such as sea buckthorn, can be planted. Loam particles are moderate in size, with good drainage and good air permeability, which can be suitable for the growth of most plants. Clay soil has fine particles and strong water retention capacity, but poor air permeability and easy to compact, making it difficult for newly planted vegetation to survive. Peat soil is rich in organic matter and is mainly distributed in low-lying areas in cold and humid areas, such as mountain valleys, river and lake sedimentation low plains, etc., and less in plateau areas. Alpine soil is usually thin and low in nutrient content, and can only grow alpine meadow plants and some coniferous trees.

[0078] The altitude classification level and scoring method are as follows: the classification level is determined according to the altitude and the scoring is quantified. The standards are as follows.

[0079] Table 13 Altitude classification and quantitative scoring based on altitude

[0080] The scoring results of each item of slope characteristic data are comprehensively considered, and the scores of each item determined based on slope height, slope gradient, soil type, and altitude are weighted and summed to obtain the comprehensive score of slope characteristic data. Then, the slope classification level of the excavated slope is determined.

[0081]

[0082] Among them, S is the comprehensive score of slope characteristic data, α i Assign a weight to the i-th slope characteristic data, X i is the scoring result of the i-th slope characteristic data. In this embodiment, the weight coefficient term α i All of them can be set to 1. According to different research scenarios, the coefficient weights of each sub-item can be adaptively modified to better divide the slope classification levels for different scenarios.

[0083] Based on the comprehensive score of slope characteristic data, the potential difficulty of slope repair can be scientifically and quantitatively judged, and the slope classification grade standard for excavated slopes can be determined as follows.

[0084] Table 14 Slope classification standards for excavated slopes

[0085] Consider different slope excavation situations and the possible amount of human and material resources required to achieve good repair effects on slope excavation wounds, avoid early misjudgment that may lead to slope wound repair projects failing to achieve their expected goals, and reduce the risk of project rework.

[0086] In this way, the slope classification level of the excavated slope is determined by comprehensively evaluating the scoring results of each item of slope characteristic data.

[0087] S2. Acquire original vegetation data of the highway slope, wherein the original vegetation data of the highway slope includes: vegetation type data, vegetation quantity and abundance; By importing aerial photos into CAD software, randomly selecting sampling areas, calculating the highway construction area through the area box of CAD, and statistically analyzing vegetation type data, vegetation quantity and abundance. The slope area is calculated through the area box function of CAD itself, or it can be calculated using the slope area calculation formula recorded in the existing technical literature. For those skilled in the art, there is no technical difficulty in obtaining the slope area.

[0088] For example, the area of ​​the slope can be determined by the rectangular method, trapezoidal method, inclined area method, and actual measurement method. When the slope is irregular, the slope can be divided into several triangles or trapezoids, and then the area of ​​each part is calculated separately and the sum is calculated. For complex or irregular slopes, the construction area can be calculated by field measurement. For the triangle, rectangular method, and trapezoidal method, the base, side length, height, etc. can be measured according to the conventional area calculation formula to determine the slope area.

[0089] A one square meter area was randomly selected in the CAD software, and the 2 Vegetation type data, vegetation quantity, and abundance are scored according to the standards in the following table to obtain the original vegetation ecological comprehensive score. The specific scoring standards are shown in the following table.

[0090] Table 15 Scoring criteria for the original vegetation ecological comprehensive score

[0091] Score according to the above table to obtain the comprehensive score of original vegetation ecology.

[0092] Then, the slope plant abundance level was determined based on the original vegetation ecological comprehensive score calculation.

[0093] Table 16 Comprehensive calculation to determine the abundance level of slope plants

[0094] S3. According to the slope classification level and slope plant abundance level, the slope wound repair difficulty is evaluated. The specific evaluation table is as follows to determine the slope repair difficulty. Then, the slope wound classification is determined according to the slope repair difficulty.

[0095] Table 17 Classification of slope wound surface

[0096] The difficulty levels of slope repair are easy, relatively easy, medium, relatively difficult and difficult, corresponding to the slope wound grading levels 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively.

[0097] In the process of wound surface classification, firstly, the slope types such as fragile slopes and easily fragile slopes are classified according to the steepness of the slope and the fragility of the slope soil; then, according to the growth characteristics of the original vegetation and the ecological characteristics of the original vegetation, the repairability is further screened and evaluated to determine the slope wound surface grade. The slope classification grade and the plant abundance grade are considered in a coordinated manner to determine the appropriate repair technology, screen the repair vegetation species, and select the appropriate vegetation species to match the slope state determined by the classification. It is applied to the standardized repair construction of highway engineering wounds and is suitable for the slope wound classification treatment of highway construction projects. Highways are restricted by construction flatness, turning radius and other specifications.

[0098] Example 2 Based on the highway slope wound classification method in Example 1, the slope repair method is determined. First, the slope vegetation repair technology is selected according to the wound classification and species type, and the preset repair scheme is selected according to the slope wound grade. The applicable level of the repair treatment method is clarified to facilitate direct selection of the repair treatment option corresponding to the wound.

[0099] Specifically, the slope is graded according to the highway slope wound classification method of Example 1 to determine the slope wound classification and the slope plant abundance level; then, vegetation for slope wound repair and repair technology are selected according to the slope classification level to be repaired and the slope plant abundance level.

[0100] Select the dominant species in the area where the slope is located, and use any one or a combination of two or more of the following treatment methods for restoration: artificial seeding technology, soil spraying technology, turf transplantation technology, three-dimensional net technology, vegetation belt technology, vegetation bag technology, and plant fiber blanket technology.

[0101] Furthermore, during the slope wound repair process, the correlation between slope vegetation restoration technology, slope classification level, and slope plant abundance level is shown in the following table.

[0102] Table 18 Wound grade to be repaired and repair technology

[0103] The above method is used to repair the slope wound surface, which has the effect of optimizing the selection of repair technology and the type of vegetation used for slope repair, and achieves the effect of improving the quality of the slope in a targeted manner. It can effectively avoid the problem of early judgment errors that lead to the failure of the slope wound repair project to achieve the expected goals, and can reduce the risk of rework. Especially in high-altitude and cold areas, due to the fragility of vegetation ecology, the difficulty of repairing different wounds varies greatly.

[0104] Through the wound classification method, different repair schemes are implemented for different wounds, achieving scientific and standardized repair, with higher repair stability and consistency. Suitable vegetation species are selected and applied to standardized repair construction of highway engineering wounds, reducing the construction cost of customized repair technology and improving construction efficiency.

Claims

1. A method for grading the slope wound surface of a plateau highway, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Obtaining highway slope characteristic data, wherein the slope characteristic data includes: slope height, slope gradient, soil type and altitude; Preprocess the slope characteristic data, determine the classification level of each item of the slope characteristic data and give a score; Comprehensively evaluate the scoring results of each item of slope characteristic data to determine the slope surface classification level; S2. Acquire original vegetation data of the highway slope, wherein the original vegetation data of the highway slope includes: vegetation type data, vegetation quantity and abundance; Based on the vegetation type data, vegetation quantity and abundance, the original ecology of the highway slope is scored; The classification level of slope vegetation is determined based on the scoring results of various aspects of highway slope original ecology; S3. According to the slope classification level of S1 and the slope plant abundance level of S2, the difficulty of slope wound repair is assessed and the slope wound classification is determined.

2. According to claim 1, a plateau highway slope wound classification method is characterized by: In S1, the slope characteristic data are preprocessed, including filling missing values ​​and removing outliers; Missing values ​​are assigned a value of 0, and outliers are deleted and then assigned a value of 0.

3. According to claim 2, a method for grading the slope wound surface of a plateau highway is characterized in that: In S1, the slope height classification level and scoring method are as follows: the slope height classification level is determined according to the slope height, and the score is quantified. The standards are as follows: 。 4. A method for grading the slope wound surface of a plateau highway according to claim 3, characterized in that: In S1, the slope classification level and scoring method are as follows: the slope classification level is determined according to the slope of the highway side slope, and the score is quantified. The standards are as follows: 。 5. A method for grading the slope wound surface of a plateau highway according to claim 4, characterized in that: In S1, the soil type classification levels are as follows: soil types are classified according to their suitability for plant growth.

6. A method for grading the slope wound surface of a plateau highway according to claim 5, characterized in that: In S1, the classification and scoring methods of soil types are as follows: the soil type is classified according to its suitability for plant growth, and the soil types are divided into soil slope, rock slope, and rock slope; the classification and quantitative scoring standards are as follows: 。 7. A method for grading the slope wound surface of a plateau highway according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the altitude classification level and scoring method are as follows: the altitude classification level is determined according to the altitude and the scores are quantified. The standards are as follows: 。 8. A method for grading the slope wound surface of a plateau highway according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The slope classification grade of the excavated slope is determined by comprehensively evaluating the scoring results of each item of slope characteristic data. The specific method is as follows: summing up the scoring results of each item according to the slope height, slope gradient, soil type and altitude data of the highway; and determining the slope classification grade of the excavated slope based on the summation result.

9. A method for grading the slope wound surface of a plateau highway according to claim 8, characterized in that: The weighted sum of the scores determined by slope height, slope gradient, soil type, and altitude is performed to obtain the comprehensive score of slope characteristic data; then, the slope surface classification level of the excavated slope is determined based on the comprehensive score of slope characteristic data: Among them, S is the comprehensive score of slope characteristic data, α i Assign the weight to the i-th slope characteristic data, X i is the scoring result of the i-th slope characteristic data.

10. A method for grading the slope wound surface of a plateau highway according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, the original ecology of the highway slope is scored according to the vegetation type data, vegetation quantity and abundance. Specifically, in the slope area to be excavated, a sampling area is randomly selected to count the vegetation type data, vegetation quantity and abundance. Then, according to the 1m 2 Vegetation type data, vegetation quantity, and abundance are used to score the original ecology of the highway slopes.

Images