A grazing-supplement combined regulation method for promoting sustainable and efficient production of albass cashmere goats

Abstract

The application provides a grazing-supplement combined regulation method for promoting sustainable and efficient production of Albasis cashmere goat fattening goats, specifically determining a goat breeding scale; grouping goats; determining a goat grazing regulation mode; and determining a goat supplement regulation mode. The application optimizes the grazing area, daily grazing duration, and the time points of leaving and returning to the pasture of Albasis cashmere goat fattening goats, not only reduces the energy consumption of the goats due to cold resistance and excessive walking, but also reduces the ecological negative effects of the goats due to excessive trampling and foraging of pasture, which is helpful to realize sustainable grazing utilization of grassland.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural breeding, and in particular to a grazing-supplementary feeding combined regulation method for promoting sustainable and efficient production of Albas cashmere goats. Background Art

[0002] The Albas Cashmere Goat, a unique breed native to the Ordos desert grasslands, is known for its tolerance to roughage, drought, and strong adaptability. Its cashmere is known as "soft gold," and its meat is hailed as the "ginseng of meat." Therefore, grassland animal husbandry, centered around the Albas Cashmere Goat, has long been a key specialty industry in Ordos. However, due to extensive grassland grazing and goat husbandry and management, the grasslands are facing an increasingly prominent "grass-livestock conflict," leading to a decline in grassland ecological functions and reduced goat production efficiency. A true solution to this "grass-livestock conflict" requires simultaneous regulation of both "grass" and "livestock," which can be further transformed into "grazing" and "supplementary feeding" regulation. Grazing regulation can maintain or enhance grassland ecological functions, while supplementary feeding can further enhance the productive functions of grazing livestock.

[0003] To date, the core goal of grazing regulation has been to determine the optimal stocking rate for grasslands, thereby ensuring the stability of grassland ecological functions. To achieve this goal, scholars at home and abroad have proposed a series of grazing techniques and methods, such as zoned rotational grazing, mixed grazing, and methods for calculating optimal livestock feeding intensities on grasslands. However, further research is needed to comprehensively consider the dynamic characteristics of grassland forages, regional climate dynamics, and livestock grazing behavior, and to explore grazing regulation models that balance grassland ecology and livestock production. Furthermore, relying solely on improvements in grassland grazing technology cannot fully achieve a win-win situation for grassland ecology and livestock production. Further research is needed to develop efficient and precise supplementary feeding control technologies for grazing livestock. Research on supplementary feeding control for grazing livestock is extremely complex because the forage resources available to grazing animals on grasslands are variable and uncontrollable. To date, research on supplementary feeding of grazing livestock has mainly focused on: (1) mineral element supplementation, including research on the addition of mineral elements such as selenium and magnesium to grazing livestock; (2) energy and protein supplementation, including research on energy and protein supplementation in different seasons or special physiological periods of livestock; and (3) non-protein nitrogen supplementation, including research on seasonal non-protein nitrogen supplementation based on changes in grassland forage nutrition. Obviously, current researchers on supplementary feeding technology have only considered the type of supplementary feed resources and the regulation of supplementary feeding quantity. There is still a lack of further research and development of precise supplementary feeding models based on the dynamic degradation characteristics of forage nutrients in grazing livestock within a day. Domestic grazing animals are mainly ruminants such as cattle and sheep, which mainly rely on powerful rumen microorganisms to degrade nutrients in forage. In fact, the activity of rumen microorganisms changes dynamically during the forage degradation process, and its changes are mainly affected by the rumen environment (pH). Generally, when the rumen pH is between 6.5 and 6.8, the activity of fiber-degrading bacteria in the rumen is stronger, and thus the degradation effect on forage is better. Livestock will eat a full meal before returning to grazing in the evening. During the feeding process, rumen microorganisms will produce some acidic substances to degrade the grass, causing the rumen pH to gradually drop to an environment suitable for the growth of fiber-degrading bacteria. Therefore, after returning to grazing, the rumen microorganisms are in a state of rapid degradation of grass. However, the traditional feeding mode happens to be to feed concentrated feed after returning to grazing. The fermentation of concentrated feed in the rumen will quickly produce a large amount of acidic substances, causing the rumen pH to drop rapidly, thereby reducing the activity of rumen fiber-degrading bacteria and ultimately reducing the grass degradation rate. In addition, the rumen is in an empty state before grazing in the morning, and its pH is relatively high. If grazing is carried out directly, it will take some time for the pH to drop to an environment suitable for the growth of fiber-degrading bacteria, thus affecting the grass degradation rate.

[0004] This shows that current research on livestock grazing and supplementary feeding regulation has certain shortcomings, and there is an urgent need to further develop a suitable grazing-supplementary feeding combined regulation model to achieve sustainable and efficient production of grazing livestock. Therefore, the present invention uses Albas cashmere goats as fattening animals and proposes a new grazing-supplementary feeding combined regulation model after long-term research and practical verification. This is of great significance for alleviating the "grass-livestock conflict" and promoting economic income growth for farmers and herdsmen. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical defects, the present invention provides a grazing-supplementary feeding combined control method for promoting sustainable and efficient production of Albas Cashmere Goats, which specifically comprises the following steps:

[0006] S1. Determine the scale of goat breeding;

[0007] S2. Group the goats;

[0008] S3, determining the goat grazing control mode, including the following steps:

[0009] S31, determine goat grazing areas;

[0010] S32, determine the daily grazing duration of goats;

[0011] S33, determining the time for the goats to go out to graze and return to graze;

[0012] S4, determining the goat supplementary feeding control mode, comprising the following steps:

[0013] S41, determining the supplementary feeding time, specifically, the goats are supplemented with feed in the morning before going out to graze and in the afternoon 3 hours after returning to graze from June to October, and in the morning 2 hours before going out to graze and in the afternoon 4 hours after returning to graze from November to May of the following year;

[0014] S42, determining the ratio of supplementary feeding amounts at each supplementary feeding time point, specifically, the ratio of supplementary feeding amounts in the morning and evening for the goats from June to October is 1:2, and the ratio of supplementary feeding amounts in the morning and evening for the goats from November to May of the following year is 1:1;

[0015] S43, determining a daily supplementary feeding amount, specifically, the daily supplementary feeding amount of the goat from June to October is 1% of its body weight, and the daily supplementary feeding amount from November to May of the following year is 2% of its body weight.

[0016] Preferably, step S1 of the present invention specifically includes the following steps:

[0017] S11, calculate the goat forage dry matter intake FDMI, unit is kg / day:

[0018] ;

[0019] Wherein, BW is the fasting body weight of goats, in kg;

[0020] S12, calculate the goat's feeding time ratio H when grazing on the grassland:

[0021] ;

[0022] Wherein, Ft is the feeding time of goats on the grassland in one day, in h, and Dt is the feeding time of goats under full-day grazing, in h;

[0023] S13, calculate the maximum number of fattening goats A, in units of:

[0024] ;

[0025] Among them, F is the edible grass yield per unit area of ​​grassland for sheep, kg / hectare; U is the reasonable grassland utilization rate of 45%~50%; S is the grassland area available to ranchers for fattening goat breeding, hectares.

[0026] Preferably, step S2 of the present invention is specifically to group the goats according to age and sex, and then group the goats of the same sex and similar age according to weight, wherein the age grouping standard is that the age fluctuation range of the goats in the group is the average age of the group (d) ± 10 d, and the weight grouping standard is that the weight fluctuation range of the goats in the group is 5% of the average weight of the group.

[0027] Preferably, the goat grazing area in step S31 of the present invention is to preferentially select high-quality grassland areas from the pasture for fattening goat grazing, and set different grazing areas in the grassland area so that the goats are only grazed in an area of ​​60 to 80 hectares each time.

[0028] Preferably, the goat grazing duration in step S32 of the present invention is 3.5 hours each in the morning and afternoon from June to October each year, and 5 hours each in the morning and afternoon from November to May of the following year.

[0029] Preferably, in step S33 of the present invention, the time for the goats to go out and return to grazing every morning from June to October is determined according to the sunrise time, and the time for the goats to go out and return to grazing every afternoon is determined according to the sunset time. From November to May of the following year, the time for the goats to go out and return to grazing every day is determined according to the time of the highest daytime temperature.

[0030] More preferably, in step S33 of the present invention, the goats go out to pasture in the morning from June to October at 06:00 and return to pasture at 09:30; and go out to pasture in the afternoon at 16:00 and return to pasture at 19:30.

[0031] More preferably, the goat in step S33 of the present application is out-pastured at 10:00 and in-pastured at 15:00 during November to May of the next year.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the beneficial effects that:

[0033] (1) The present application optimizes the grazing area, daily grazing duration, and out-pasturing and in-pasturing time points of fattening goats of Albasis cashmere goats, thereby not only reducing the energy consumption of the goats due to cold resistance and excessive wandering, but also reducing the ecological negative effects caused by excessive trampling and foraging of the goats, and helping to realize sustainable grazing utilization of grasslands;

[0034] (2) Based on the understanding of the rumen pasture nutrition digestion and metabolism law of the fattening goats of the grazing Albasis cashmere goats and the change law of the pasture nutrition supply, the present application further optimizes the feeding time, the proportion of the feeding amount at each feeding time point, and the daily feeding amount of the goats on the basis of optimizing the grazing mode, thereby better improving the production efficiency of the goats, helping to realize cost reduction and benefit increase of goat breeding, and promoting economic increase of farmers and herdsmen. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 is a flow chart of the goat grazing-supplemental feeding combined regulation method of the present application;

[0036] Figure 2 is a comparison chart of the weight gain of the goats under different supplemental feeding modes;

[0037] Figure 3 is a comparison chart of the growth efficiency of the goats under different supplemental feeding modes. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present application clearer, the preferred embodiments of the present application are further described in detail below in combination with examples. All other examples obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor on the basis of the examples in the present application belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] A grazing-supplemental feeding combined regulation method for promoting sustainable and efficient production of fattening goats of Albasis cashmere goats, as shown in Figure 1 The method specifically comprises the following steps:

[0041] S1, determining the goat breeding scale

[0042] Since excessive grazing will cause ecological destruction of grasslands, and light grazing will affect the economic income of farmers and herdsmen, it is necessary to first determine a suitable goat breeding scale, which specifically comprises the following steps:

[0043] S11, calculate goat forage dry matter intake (FDMI, kg / day):

[0044] ;

[0045] Among them, BW is the fasting body weight of the goat, which is 40 kg;

[0046] S12, calculate the feeding time ratio (H) of goats grazing on grassland:

[0047] ;

[0048] Among them, Ft is the time goats spend on the grass to eat in one day, which is 6 hours, and Dt is the time goats spend on the grass to eat when grazing all day, which is 10 hours;

[0049] S13, calculate the maximum number of fattening goats (A, pieces):

[0050] ;

[0051] Among them, F is the edible grass yield per unit area of ​​grassland for sheep, 400 kg / hectare, U is the reasonable grassland utilization rate of 0.45, and S is the area of ​​grassland available to ranchers for fattening goat breeding, 240 hectares.

[0052] S2: Goat grouping

[0053] Since goats of different ages and sexes have different growth rates, they need to be grouped according to age (the maximum fluctuation range is the average age of the group (d) ± 10 d) and sex (male or female); then the goats are grouped according to weight (kg), where the maximum fluctuation range of meat sheep weight within the group is 5% of the average weight of the group, that is, the average weight of the group (kg) × 95% ≤ the weight of individuals in the group (kg) ≤ the average weight of the group (kg) × 105%; 187 male goats were selected according to the above grouping criteria.

[0054] S3: Determine the goat grazing control mode, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0055] S31, determine goat grazing areas;

[0056] Priority is given to selecting the best quality 120 hectares of grassland from the pasture for fattening goat grazing, and setting up two 60-hectare grazing areas within the grassland area so that the goats can only graze within the area at a time, thereby optimizing the goat's walking distance and reducing trampling and unnecessary energy consumption.

[0057] S32, determine the daily grazing duration of goats;

[0058] According to observations, goats can complete a full meal every 3 hours, so they graze for 3.5 hours in the morning and afternoon every day from June to October when the nutritional value of the grass is higher. In addition, since the nutritional value of the grass is lower and the weather is cold at other times, goats graze for 5 hours a day from November to May of the following year.

[0059] S33, determining the time for the goats to go out to graze and return to graze;

[0060] Since goats prefer to eat at sunrise and sunset, they are grazed at sunrise every morning from June to October and returned to grazing after 3.5 hours of grazing. They are grazed in the afternoon after grazing for 3.5 hours and returned to grazing just in time for sunset. Specifically, the morning grazing time is 06:00 and the return time is 09:30, and the afternoon grazing time is 16:00 and the return time is 19:30. In addition, since the nutritional value of forage is lower and the weather is cold in winter and spring, goats are grazed during the period of the highest temperature every day from November to May of the following year. Specifically, the goats are grazed at 10:00 every day and returned to grazing at 15:00.

[0061] S4: Determine the feeding control mode, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0062] S41, determining the supplementary feeding time;

[0063] Based on the understanding of the dynamic laws of nutrient digestion and metabolism of forage in the rumen of goats, goats are fed supplementary food three hours before going out to graze in the morning and after returning to graze in the afternoon from June to October, and two hours before going out to graze in the morning and four hours after returning to graze in the afternoon from November to May of the following year.

[0064] S42, determining the ratio of supplementary feeding amount at each supplementary feeding time point;

[0065] The ratio of supplementary feeding amount for goats in the morning and evening is 1:2 from June to October, and the ratio of supplementary feeding amount in the morning and evening is 1:1 from November to May of the following year.

[0066] S33, determine the daily supplementary feeding amount.

[0067] The daily supplementary feeding amount of goats is 1% of their body weight from June to October, and 2% of their body weight from November to May of the following year. The supplementary feeding diet is a goat-specific concentrate supplement sold in the local market.

[0068] Example 2

[0069] The experimental site is located in the desert grassland of Otog Banner, west of Ordos City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region ( ), the experiment period is from August 1, 2024 to October 1, 2024.

[0070] The experiment selected 500 mu of grassland and 48 meat-producing Albas cashmere goats with similar body weight (21.2±2.05 kg) and age (118.6±6.85 d) for grazing supplementation experiment. A total of 4 treatment groups (12 goats in each group) were set up, including: (1) high-dose (daily supplementation amount was 1.5% of body weight) supplementation group 0 hours after grazing (H0); (2) high-dose supplementation group before grazing in the morning and 3 hours after returning to grazing in the evening (H03, 1 / 3 of the supplementation dose on the morning supplementation day and 2 / 3 of the supplementation dose on the evening supplementation day); (3) low-dose (daily supplementation amount was 1.0% of body weight) supplementation group 0 hours after grazing (L0); (6) low-dose supplementation group before grazing in the morning and 3 hours after returning to grazing in the evening (L03, 1 / 3 of the supplementation dose on the morning supplementation day and 2 / 3 of the supplementation dose on the evening supplementation day).

[0071] During the entire experiment, goats were grazing from 6:00 AM to 9:30 AM, and from 4:00 PM to 7:30 PM each day. Water was available to the goats during this time. After returning to grazing in the evening, the goats were assigned to separate feeding pens for supplementary feeding. The goats were weighed weekly to calculate their average daily weight gain. Furthermore, their growth efficiency was calculated based on the amount of supplementary feed they received. The specific calculation formula is: , the larger the value, the higher the growth efficiency.

[0072] The results show that:

[0073] (1) If Figure 2 As shown in the results, the average daily weight gain (ADG) of goats fed in the morning and evening with high-dose (H03) and low-dose (L03) supplementary feeding was significantly higher than that of goats fed with traditional post-grazing supplementary feeding at the corresponding doses (H0 and L0) (P<0.05). At the same time, under the supplementary feeding mode 0 hours after grazing, the ADG of goats in the high-dose group (H0) was significantly higher than that in the low-dose group (L0) (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the daily weight gain of goats in the high-dose and low-dose groups under the supplementary feeding mode in the morning and evening (P>0.05). The above results indicate that supplementary feeding before grazing in the morning and 3 hours after returning to grazing in the evening can better promote the growth of goats.

[0074] (2) If Figure 3 As shown in the data, the growth efficiency (GE) of goats fed in the morning and evening with high-dose (H03) and low-dose (L03) supplementation was significantly higher than that of goats fed with traditional post-grazing supplementation at the corresponding doses (H0 and L0) (P<0.05). At the same time, the GE of the L03 group was significantly higher than that of goats in other groups (P<0.05). The results showed that giving goats a supplementary feed of 1% of their body weight in the morning and evening supplementation mode can effectively improve the growth efficiency of goats.

[0075] in, Figure 2 、 3ADG is average daily gain (g / d), GE is growth efficiency (%), H0 is the high-dose (daily supplementary feeding amount is 1.5% of body weight) supplementary feeding group 0 hours after grazing, H03 is the high-dose supplementary feeding group before morning grazing and 3 hours after returning to grazing in the evening (1 / 3 of the supplementary feeding dose on morning supplementary feeding days, 2 / 3 of the supplementary feeding dose on evening supplementary feeding days), L0 is the low-dose (daily supplementary feeding amount is 1.0% of body weight) supplementary feeding group 0 hours after grazing, L03 is the low-dose supplementary feeding group before morning grazing and 3 hours after returning to grazing in the evening (1 / 3 of the supplementary feeding dose on morning supplementary feeding days, 2 / 3 of the supplementary feeding dose on evening supplementary feeding days); different letters (a, b, c) in each figure represent significant differences among different grazing patterns (P<0.05).

[0076] The embodiments described above are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but rather merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments derived by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are also within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A grazing-supplementary feeding combined control method for promoting sustainable and efficient production of Albas cashmere goats, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Determine the scale of goat breeding; S2. Group the goats; S3, determining the goat grazing control mode, including the following steps: S31, determine goat grazing areas; S32, determine the daily grazing duration of goats; S33, determining the time for the goats to go out to graze and return to graze; S4, determining the goat supplementary feeding control mode, comprising the following steps: S41, determining the supplementary feeding time, specifically, the goats are supplemented with feed in the morning before going out to graze and in the afternoon 3 hours after returning to graze from June to October, and in the morning 2 hours before going out to graze and in the afternoon 4 hours after returning to graze from November to May of the following year; S42, determining the ratio of supplementary feeding amounts at each supplementary feeding time point, specifically, the ratio of supplementary feeding amounts in the morning and evening for the goats from June to October is 1:2, and the ratio of supplementary feeding amounts in the morning and evening for the goats from November to May of the following year is 1:1; S43, determining the daily supplementary feeding amount, specifically, the daily supplementary feeding amount for goats from June to October is 1% of their body weight, and the daily supplementary feeding amount from November to May of the following year is 2% of their body weight; The step S1 specifically includes the following steps: S11, Calculate the dry matter intake (FDMI) of goats ， The unit is Kg / sky: ； Wherein, BW is the fasting body weight of goats, in kg; S12, calculate the feeding time ratio of goats grazing on grassland H : ； in, Ft is the time goats spend on the grass to eat in one day, in hours. Dt The feeding time of sheep under full-day grazing, unit is h; S13, calculate the maximum number of fattening goats A , unit is: ； in, F is the edible grass yield per unit area of ​​pasture for sheep, kg / hectare; U The reasonable utilization rate of grassland is 45%~50%, S The area of ​​pasture available to ranchers for fattening goat breeding, hectares.

2. The grazing-supplementary feeding combined control method for promoting sustainable and efficient production of Albas Cashmere Goats as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: Step S2 specifically groups the goats by age and sex, and then groups the goats of the same sex and similar age by weight. The age grouping standard is that the age fluctuation range of the goats in the group is the group average age (d) ± 10 d, and the weight grouping standard is that the weight fluctuation range of the goats in the group is 5% of the group average weight.

3. The grazing-supplementary feeding combined control method for promoting sustainable and efficient production of Albas Cashmere Goats as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The goat grazing area in step S31 is to preferentially select high-quality grassland areas from the pasture for fattening goat grazing, and set different grazing areas within the grassland area so that the goats can only graze in areas of 60 to 80 hectares each time.

4. The grazing-supplementary feeding combined control method for promoting sustainable and efficient production of Albas Cashmere Goats as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The goat grazing duration in step S32 is 3.5 hours each in the morning and afternoon from June to October each year, and 5 hours each day from November to May of the following year.

5. The grazing-supplementary feeding combined control method for promoting sustainable and efficient production of Albas Cashmere Goats as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S33, the time for the goats to go out and return to grazing every morning from June to October is determined according to the sunrise time, and the time for the goats to go out and return to grazing every afternoon is determined according to the sunset time. The time for the goats to go out and return to grazing every day from November to May of the following year is determined according to the time of the highest daytime temperature.

6. The grazing-supplementary feeding combined control method for promoting sustainable and efficient production of Albas Cashmere Goats as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: In step S33, the goats go out to pasture in the morning from June to October at 06:00 and return to pasture at 09:30; and go out to pasture in the afternoon at 16:00 and return to pasture at 19:

30.

7. The grazing-supplementary feeding combined control method for promoting sustainable and efficient production of Albas Cashmere Goats as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: In step S33, the goats go out to pasture at 10:00 and return to pasture at 15:00 during the period from November to May of the following year.

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