Hydroelectric intelligent power generation benefit optimization system based on basin water volume analysis

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of hydropower intelligent power generation benefit optimization systems, in particular to a hydropower intelligent power generation benefit optimization system based on basin water volume analysis. The system comprises a resource analysis module, a collaborative production analysis module, an energy efficiency analysis module, a benefit analysis module, a production planning module, a system monitoring and maintenance module and a user interface and interaction module. The resource analysis module comprises a drainage basin water volume analysis unit and a drainage basin energy flow direction analysis unit; the collaborative production analysis module comprises an action instruction analysis unit, a multistage gradient collaborative analysis unit and a multi-energy complementary analysis unit; the energy efficiency analysis module comprises a unit energy efficiency analysis unit and a power generation unit energy efficiency analysis unit; the benefit analysis module comprises a water discarding and water discarding reason analysis unit and a promotion effect analysis unit; according to the system, the operation of each stage of hydropower station can be coordinated through the multi-stage gradient collaborative analysis unit, the combined dispatching and optimization of cascade power stations are realized, and the overall power generation capacity and efficiency are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of hydropower intelligent power generation benefit optimization system, and in particular to a hydropower intelligent power generation benefit optimization system based on watershed water volume analysis. Background Art

[0002] The reliability of hydropower projects is crucial to achieving the expected power generation benefits and other comprehensive utilization benefits. The reliability of hydropower projects requires comprehensive consideration of technology, management, environment and other aspects to ensure the realization of power generation benefits and other comprehensive utilization benefits.

[0003] Currently, more research focuses on reliability research itself, and there are few relevant cases based on the premise of implementation to strengthen the joint operation and scheduling of cascades in the basin, multi-energy complementarity, and economic operation.

[0004] The most ideal situation for a multi-tiered river basin is for one unit to develop all tiers of a river or a river section and then manage them in a unified way. For large rivers, it is difficult to have a unified development organization, but the planning must be unified. Even if unified development is not possible, the scheduling must be unified.

[0005] In view of the superiority of cascade dispatching, various large-scale river basin hydropower companies have or are building their own unified dispatching models for the cascade hydropower in their respective areas of responsibility, and have established cascade dispatching or control centers. The relatively unified function in cascade dispatching management is mainly the dispatching of reservoirs, while there are large differences in power dispatching. The traditional hydropower intelligent power generation efficiency optimization system partially relies on manual collection of data, which is not only inefficient but also prone to errors. It is relatively simple in model construction and optimization and cannot fully consider various complex factors, including reservoir water storage, generator output, and grid load. It is relatively limited in decision support and mainly relies on manual experience and judgment. At the same time, the traditional system has a low degree of automation and requires a lot of manual operation and monitoring.

[0006] Therefore, the above-mentioned traditional hydropower intelligent power generation benefit optimization system is relatively simple in model construction and optimization, and cannot fully consider various complex factors. At the same time, it is relatively limited in decision-making support and mainly relies on manual experience and judgment. As a result, the traditional system has a low degree of automation and requires a large amount of manual operation and monitoring. This not only improves the operating efficiency and economic benefits of the hydropower station, but also promotes the sustainable development of the energy system and the improvement of overall benefits. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to overcome the problems that traditional hydropower intelligent power generation benefit optimization systems are relatively simple in model construction and optimization, cannot fully consider various complex factors, and mainly rely on manual experience and judgment in decision support, resulting in a low degree of automation in traditional systems and requiring a large amount of manual operation and monitoring.

[0008] The technical solution of the present invention is: a hydropower intelligent power generation benefit optimization system based on watershed water volume analysis, the system includes a resource analysis module, a collaborative production analysis module, an energy efficiency analysis module, a benefit analysis module, a production planning module, a system monitoring and maintenance module and a user interface and interaction module; wherein,

[0009] The resource analysis module includes a watershed water volume analysis unit and a watershed energy flow analysis unit; the watershed water volume analysis unit is internally provided with a hydrological monitoring station, a meteorological station and a data acquisition and transmission system, which are arranged at key locations in the watershed and transmit data to the data acquisition and transmission system by wired or wireless means, and the data acquisition and transmission system then aggregates the data to a central server; the watershed energy flow analysis unit is internally provided with an energy metering device and water flow simulation software, which are installed at the entrance of the power station and the exit of the unit and connected to the central server through the data acquisition and transmission system, and the water flow simulation software runs on the server to analyze the energy flow;

[0010] The collaborative production analysis module includes an action instruction analysis unit, a multi-level gradient collaborative analysis unit and a multi-energy complementary analysis unit; the action instruction analysis unit is internally provided with a dispatch instruction receiving system and an action recording and analysis software, the dispatch instruction receiving system receives the superior dispatch instruction through a dedicated communication channel, the action recording and analysis software runs on the server, and records and analyzes the action instructions of the power station; the multi-level gradient collaborative analysis unit is internally provided with a cascade power station control system and collaborative optimization software, the cascade power station control system is connected to each power station through a communication network, the collaborative optimization software runs on the central server, and analyzes and optimizes the collaborative operation of the multi-level power station; the multi-energy complementary analysis unit is internally provided with a photovoltaic power station data interface and a water-photovoltaic complementary optimization software, the photovoltaic power station data interface is connected to the central server through a dedicated communication channel, the water-photovoltaic complementary optimization software runs on the server, and analyzes and optimizes the operation of the water-photovoltaic complementary system;

[0011] The energy efficiency analysis module includes the unit energy efficiency analysis unit and the power generation unit energy efficiency analysis unit; the unit energy efficiency analysis unit is equipped with the unit energy efficiency analysis unit and energy efficiency analysis software, the unit performance monitoring equipment is installed on the unit, connected to the central server through the data acquisition system, and the energy efficiency analysis software runs on the server to analyze the unit energy efficiency; the power generation unit energy efficiency analysis unit is equipped with a power generation unit energy efficiency evaluation system, which is connected to each unit energy efficiency analysis unit through a data interface to comprehensively analyze the energy efficiency of the power generation unit:

[0012] The benefit analysis module includes a water abandonment and abandonment cause analysis unit and an improvement effect analysis unit; the water abandonment and abandonment cause analysis unit is internally provided with a water abandonment monitoring device and a water abandonment analysis software. The water abandonment monitoring device is installed at the water abandonment outlet of the power station and is connected to the central server through a data acquisition system. The water abandonment analysis software runs on the server to analyze the cause of water abandonment. The water abandonment monitoring device includes a water level meter and a flow meter; the improvement effect analysis unit is internally provided with a simulation and optimization software, which runs on the central server. According to the energy efficiency analysis results, it proposes improvement points and improvement plans, and evaluates the improvement effect;

[0013] The production plan module includes a water situation forecast deviation analysis unit, a production plan and water situation matching degree analysis unit and a short-dispatch reason analysis unit; the water situation forecast deviation analysis unit is internally provided with a meteorological forecast system interface and a water situation forecast software, the meteorological forecast system interface is connected to the meteorological department through a dedicated communication channel, and the water situation forecast software runs on the server to predict and analyze water situation deviations; the production plan and water situation matching degree analysis unit is internally provided with a production plan optimization software, which runs on the server and optimizes the production plan according to the water situation forecast results and the actual operation of the power station; the short-dispatch reason analysis unit is internally provided with a data analysis and mining software, which runs on the server and analyzes the short-dispatch reason according to historical data and real-time data;

[0014] The system monitoring and maintenance module includes a system status monitoring unit, a fault diagnosis and early warning unit, and a system maintenance and upgrade unit; the system status monitoring unit is equipped with a monitoring camera, the fault diagnosis and early warning unit is equipped with a sensor, and the system maintenance and upgrade unit is equipped with a remote access and control device, which performs real-time monitoring and fault diagnosis through the remote access and control device to ensure stable operation of the system;

[0015] The user interface and interaction module includes a data visualization unit, a user operation interface and an alarm and notification unit; the data visualization unit is provided with a touch screen display, and the alarm and notification unit is provided with an alarm light or buzzer. The user interface and interaction module provides users with an intuitive data visualization and operation interface, allowing users to perform real-time monitoring and operation.

[0016] Preferably, the hydrological monitoring station in the watershed water volume analysis unit includes a water level meter, a flow meter and a pressure meter, the meteorological station includes an anemometer, a thermometer and a hygrometer, and the energy metering device in the watershed energy flow analysis unit specifically adopts a power meter.

[0017] Preferably, the energy conversion efficiency formula in the watershed energy flow analysis unit is:

[0018] P=ρ·g·h·Q·η

[0019] Where P is the output power, ρ is the water density, g is the acceleration of gravity, h is the water head, Q is the flow rate, and η is the conversion efficiency.

[0020] As a preferred method, the dynamic balance formula of water volume in the watershed in the resource analysis module is:

[0021]

[0022] Among them, ΔV is the change in water volume in the basin, P is precipitation, E is evaporation, R is runoff (the part that flows into other basins), and A is the basin area. is the sum of all runoff into the basin, It is the sum of all runoff outflows from the basin.

[0023] Preferably, the collaborative production analysis module also includes a dispatch center server, which exchanges real-time data with hydropower stations and photovoltaic power stations at all levels through communication network equipment.

[0024] Preferably, the unit performance monitoring equipment in the energy efficiency analysis module includes a vibration sensor and a temperature sensor.

[0025] As a preferred embodiment, the unit efficiency calculation formula in the unit energy efficiency analysis unit is:

[0026]

[0027] Where η is the efficiency, P out is the output power, P in is the input power.

[0028] As a preferred option, the energy internet interactive benefit evaluation model in the benefit analysis module is:

[0029]

[0030] Among them, B is the total benefit, The economic benefits brought by the interaction of the i-th energy source, including electricity trading income and cost savings, The environmental benefits of the i-th energy interaction include reduced carbon emissions and improved air quality. The social benefits brought about by the i-th energy interaction include improving energy security and promoting employment.

[0031] Beneficial effects of the present invention: Through the watershed water volume analysis unit, the system can monitor and analyze the water volume changes in the watershed in real time, provide accurate water resource data support for the hydropower station, thereby optimizing the power generation strategy and improving the power generation efficiency; the watershed energy flow analysis unit can analyze the energy flow and conversion efficiency, help the hydropower station identify energy loss points, optimize the energy conversion process, and further improve the energy utilization rate; the multi-level gradient collaborative analysis unit can coordinate the operation of hydropower stations at all levels, realize the joint scheduling and optimization of cascade power stations, and improve the overall power generation capacity and efficiency; the multi-energy complementary analysis unit can analyze the operating status of the water-light complementary system, optimize the output ratio of the photovoltaic power station and the hydropower station, realize energy complementarity, and improve the stability and reliability of the energy system; the energy efficiency analysis module can monitor and analyze the energy efficiency status of the unit in real time, identify the energy efficiency The system can analyze the energy efficiency of power generation units and components, and put forward optimization suggestions to improve the operating efficiency and stability of the units. By comprehensively analyzing the energy efficiency of the power generation units, the system can propose targeted energy efficiency improvement plans to achieve energy efficiency optimization of the entire power generation system. The benefit analysis module can analyze the causes and amount of water abandonment, put forward strategies and suggestions to reduce water abandonment, and improve the utilization rate of water resources and power generation benefits. The system can evaluate the benefits of the interaction between the hydropower station and the energy Internet, including economic benefits, environmental benefits and social benefits, and provide a scientific basis for the optimized operation and energy scheduling of the hydropower station. The production planning module can optimize the production plan according to the water situation forecast results and the actual operation of the power station, and improve the predictability and controllability of power generation. The system monitoring and maintenance module can monitor the operating status of the system in real time, detect and handle faults in time, and ensure the stable operation and safety of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 What is shown is a schematic diagram of the overall framework structure of the hydropower intelligent power generation benefit optimization system based on watershed water volume analysis of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0034] See also Figure 1 The present invention provides an embodiment: the system includes a resource analysis module, a collaborative production analysis module, an energy efficiency analysis module, a benefit analysis module, a production planning module, a system monitoring and maintenance module and a user interface and interaction module; wherein,

[0035] The resource analysis module includes a watershed water volume analysis unit and a watershed energy flow analysis unit; the watershed water volume analysis unit is equipped with a hydrological monitoring station, a meteorological station and a data acquisition and transmission system. The hydrological monitoring station and the meteorological station are arranged at key positions in the watershed, and the data is transmitted to the data acquisition and transmission system by wired or wireless means. The data acquisition and transmission system then aggregates the data to the central server; the watershed energy flow analysis unit is equipped with energy metering equipment and water flow simulation software. The energy metering equipment is installed at the entrance of the power station and the exit of the unit, and is connected to the central server through the data acquisition and transmission system. The water flow simulation software runs on the server and is used to analyze the energy flow. The hydrological monitoring station includes a water level meter, a flow meter and a pressure gauge, and the meteorological station includes an anemometer, a thermometer and a hygrometer. The energy metering equipment in the watershed energy flow analysis unit specifically adopts a power meter. The energy conversion efficiency formula in the watershed energy flow analysis unit is:

[0036] P=ρ·g·h·Q·η

[0037] Where P is the output power, ρ is the water density, g is the gravitational acceleration, h is the water head, Q is the flow rate, η is the conversion efficiency, and the dynamic balance formula of water volume in the basin is:

[0038]

[0039] Among them, ΔV is the change in water volume in the basin, P is precipitation, E is evaporation, R is runoff (the part that flows into other basins), and A is the basin area. is the sum of all runoff into the basin, It is the sum of all runoff outflows from the basin;

[0040] The collaborative production analysis module includes an action instruction analysis unit, a multi-level gradient collaborative analysis unit and a multi-energy complementary analysis unit; the action instruction analysis unit is internally provided with a dispatch instruction receiving system and an action recording and analysis software, the dispatch instruction receiving system receives the superior dispatch instruction through a dedicated communication channel, the action recording and analysis software runs on the server, and records and analyzes the action instructions of the power station; the multi-level gradient collaborative analysis unit is internally provided with a cascade power station control system and a collaborative optimization software, the cascade power station control system is connected to each power station through a communication network, the collaborative optimization software runs on the central server, and analyzes and optimizes the collaborative operation of the multi-level power station; the multi-energy complementary analysis unit is internally provided with a photovoltaic power station data interface and a water-photovoltaic complementary optimization software, the photovoltaic power station data interface is connected to the central server through a dedicated communication channel, the water-photovoltaic complementary optimization software runs on the server, and analyzes and optimizes the operation of the water-photovoltaic complementary system; the collaborative production analysis module also includes a dispatch center server, and the dispatch center server exchanges real-time data with hydropower stations and photovoltaic power stations at all levels through communication network equipment;

[0041] The energy efficiency analysis module includes a unit energy efficiency analysis unit and a power generation unit energy efficiency analysis unit; the unit energy efficiency analysis unit is provided with a unit energy efficiency analysis unit and energy efficiency analysis software inside the unit energy efficiency analysis unit, the unit performance monitoring equipment is installed on the unit, connected to the central server through the data acquisition system, and the energy efficiency analysis software runs on the server to analyze the unit energy efficiency; the power generation unit energy efficiency analysis unit is provided with a power generation unit energy efficiency evaluation system inside, which is connected to each unit energy efficiency analysis unit through a data interface to comprehensively analyze the energy efficiency of the power generation unit. The unit performance monitoring equipment includes a vibration sensor and a temperature sensor. The unit efficiency calculation formula is:

[0042]

[0043] Where η is the efficiency, P out is the output power, P in is the input power:

[0044] The benefit analysis module includes a water abandonment and abandonment cause analysis unit and an improvement effect analysis unit; the water abandonment and abandonment cause analysis unit is equipped with abandonment monitoring equipment and abandonment analysis software. The abandonment monitoring equipment is installed at the abandonment outlet of the power station and connected to the central server through the data acquisition system. The abandonment analysis software runs on the server to analyze the cause of abandonment. The abandonment monitoring equipment includes a water level meter and a flow meter; the improvement effect analysis unit is equipped with simulation and optimization software, which runs on the central server. According to the energy efficiency analysis results, it proposes improvement points and improvement plans, and evaluates the improvement effect. The interactive benefit evaluation model of the energy Internet is as follows:

[0045]

[0046] Among them, B is the total benefit, The economic benefits brought by the interaction of the i-th energy source, including electricity trading income and cost savings, The environmental benefits of the i-th energy interaction include reduced carbon emissions and improved air quality. The social benefits of the interaction with the i-th energy source include improving energy security and promoting employment;

[0047] The production plan module includes a water situation forecast deviation analysis unit, a production plan and water situation matching degree analysis unit and a short-dispatch reason analysis unit; the water situation forecast deviation analysis unit is internally provided with a meteorological forecast system interface and a water situation forecast software, the meteorological forecast system interface is connected to the meteorological department through a dedicated communication channel, and the water situation forecast software runs on the server to predict and analyze water situation deviations; the production plan and water situation matching degree analysis unit is internally provided with a production plan optimization software, which runs on the server and optimizes the production plan according to the water situation forecast results and the actual operation of the power station; the short-dispatch reason analysis unit is internally provided with a data analysis and mining software, which runs on the server and analyzes the short-dispatch reason according to historical data and real-time data;

[0048] The system monitoring and maintenance module includes a system status monitoring unit, a fault diagnosis and early warning unit, and a system maintenance and upgrade unit; the system status monitoring unit is equipped with a monitoring camera, the fault diagnosis and early warning unit is equipped with a sensor, and the system maintenance and upgrade unit is equipped with a remote access and control device, which performs real-time monitoring and fault diagnosis through the remote access and control device to ensure stable operation of the system;

[0049] The user interface and interaction module includes a data visualization unit, a user operation interface and an alarm and notification unit; the data visualization unit is provided with a touch screen display, and the alarm and notification unit is provided with an alarm light or buzzer. The user interface and interaction module provides users with an intuitive data visualization and operation interface, allowing users to perform real-time monitoring and operation.

[0050] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge scope of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydropower intelligent power generation benefit optimization system based on basin water volume analysis, the system includes a resource analysis module; the characteristics are: It also includes collaborative production analysis module, energy efficiency analysis module, benefit analysis module, production planning module, system monitoring and maintenance module and user interface and interaction module; among them, The resource analysis module includes a watershed water volume analysis unit and a watershed energy flow analysis unit; the watershed water volume analysis unit is internally provided with a hydrological monitoring station, a meteorological station and a data acquisition and transmission system, which are arranged at key locations in the watershed and transmit data to the data acquisition and transmission system by wired or wireless means, and the data acquisition and transmission system then aggregates the data to a central server; the watershed energy flow analysis unit is internally provided with an energy metering device and water flow simulation software, which are installed at the entrance of the power station and the exit of the unit and connected to the central server through the data acquisition and transmission system, and the water flow simulation software runs on the server to analyze the energy flow; The collaborative production analysis module includes an action instruction analysis unit, a multi-level gradient collaborative analysis unit and a multi-energy complementary analysis unit; the action instruction analysis unit is internally provided with a dispatch instruction receiving system and an action recording and analysis software, the dispatch instruction receiving system receives the superior dispatch instruction through a dedicated communication channel, the action recording and analysis software runs on the server, and records and analyzes the action instructions of the power station; the multi-level gradient collaborative analysis unit is internally provided with a cascade power station control system and collaborative optimization software, the cascade power station control system is connected to each power station through a communication network, the collaborative optimization software runs on the central server, and analyzes and optimizes the collaborative operation of the multi-level power station; the multi-energy complementary analysis unit is internally provided with a photovoltaic power station data interface and a water-photovoltaic complementary optimization software, the photovoltaic power station data interface is connected to the central server through a dedicated communication channel, the water-photovoltaic complementary optimization software runs on the server, and analyzes and optimizes the operation of the water-photovoltaic complementary system; The energy efficiency analysis module includes the unit energy efficiency analysis unit and the power generation unit energy efficiency analysis unit; the unit energy efficiency analysis unit is equipped with the unit energy efficiency analysis unit and energy efficiency analysis software, the unit performance monitoring equipment is installed on the unit, connected to the central server through the data acquisition system, and the energy efficiency analysis software runs on the server to analyze the unit energy efficiency; the power generation unit energy efficiency analysis unit is equipped with a power generation unit energy efficiency evaluation system, which is connected to each unit energy efficiency analysis unit through a data interface to comprehensively analyze the energy efficiency of the power generation unit: The benefit analysis module includes a water abandonment and abandonment cause analysis unit and an improvement effect analysis unit; the water abandonment and abandonment cause analysis unit is internally provided with a water abandonment monitoring device and a water abandonment analysis software. The water abandonment monitoring device is installed at the water abandonment outlet of the power station and is connected to the central server through a data acquisition system. The water abandonment analysis software runs on the server to analyze the cause of water abandonment. The water abandonment monitoring device includes a water level meter and a flow meter; the improvement effect analysis unit is internally provided with a simulation and optimization software, which runs on the central server. According to the energy efficiency analysis results, it proposes improvement points and improvement plans, and evaluates the improvement effect; The production plan module includes a water situation forecast deviation analysis unit, a production plan and water situation matching degree analysis unit and a short-dispatch reason analysis unit; the water situation forecast deviation analysis unit is internally provided with a meteorological forecast system interface and a water situation forecast software, the meteorological forecast system interface is connected to the meteorological department through a dedicated communication channel, and the water situation forecast software runs on the server to predict and analyze water situation deviations; the production plan and water situation matching degree analysis unit is internally provided with a production plan optimization software, which runs on the server and optimizes the production plan according to the water situation forecast results and the actual operation of the power station; the short-dispatch reason analysis unit is internally provided with a data analysis and mining software, which runs on the server and analyzes the short-dispatch reason according to historical data and real-time data; The system monitoring and maintenance module includes a system status monitoring unit, a fault diagnosis and early warning unit, and a system maintenance and upgrade unit; the system status monitoring unit is equipped with a monitoring camera, the fault diagnosis and early warning unit is equipped with a sensor, and the system maintenance and upgrade unit is equipped with a remote access and control device, which performs real-time monitoring and fault diagnosis through the remote access and control device to ensure stable operation of the system; The user interface and interaction module includes a data visualization unit, a user operation interface and an alarm and notification unit; the data visualization unit is provided with a touch screen display, and the alarm and notification unit is provided with an alarm light or buzzer. The user interface and interaction module provides users with an intuitive data visualization and operation interface, allowing users to perform real-time monitoring and operation.

2. The hydropower intelligent power generation benefit optimization system based on watershed water volume analysis according to claim 1 is characterized by: The hydrological monitoring station in the watershed water volume analysis unit includes a water level meter, a flow meter and a pressure gauge; the meteorological station includes an anemometer, a thermometer and a hygrometer; the energy metering equipment in the watershed energy flow analysis unit specifically adopts a power meter.

3. The hydropower intelligent power generation benefit optimization system based on watershed water volume analysis according to claim 1 is characterized by: The energy conversion efficiency formula in the watershed energy flow analysis unit is: P=ρ·g·h·Q·η Where P is the output power, ρ is the water density, g is the acceleration of gravity, h is the water head, Q is the flow rate, and η is the conversion efficiency.

4. The hydropower intelligent power generation benefit optimization system based on watershed water volume analysis according to claim 1 is characterized by: The dynamic balance formula of water volume in the watershed in the resource analysis module is: Among them, ΔV is the change in water volume in the basin, P is precipitation, E is evaporation, R is runoff (the part that flows into other basins), and A is the basin area. is the sum of all runoff into the basin, It is the sum of all runoff outflows from the basin.

5. The hydropower intelligent power generation benefit optimization system based on watershed water volume analysis according to claim 1 is characterized by: The collaborative production analysis module also includes a dispatch center server, which exchanges real-time data with hydropower stations and photovoltaic power stations at all levels through communication network equipment.

6. The hydropower intelligent power generation benefit optimization system based on watershed water volume analysis according to claim 1 is characterized by: The unit performance monitoring equipment in the energy efficiency analysis module includes vibration sensors and temperature sensors.

7. The hydropower intelligent power generation benefit optimization system based on watershed water volume analysis according to claim 1 is characterized by: The unit efficiency calculation formula in the unit energy efficiency analysis unit is: Where η is the efficiency, P out is the output power, P in is the input power.

8. The hydropower intelligent power generation benefit optimization system based on watershed water volume analysis according to claim 1 is characterized by: The energy Internet interactive benefit evaluation model in the benefit analysis module is: Among them, B is the total benefit, The economic benefits brought by the interaction of the i-th energy source, including electricity trading income and cost savings, The environmental benefits of the i-th energy interaction include reduced carbon emissions and improved air quality. The social benefits brought about by the i-th energy interaction include improving energy security and promoting employment.

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