Sand dust erosion test equipment and method

Abstract

The invention discloses sand dust erosion test equipment and method, and the sand dust erosion test equipment disclosed by the invention is characterized in that an erosion unit and a sand conveying unit are integrated through an equipment main body; a test sample is fixed and heated through a test bed of the erosion unit, so that the test sample can be at a working condition temperature, and a sand and dust erosion test is stably carried out; a spray gun of the erosion unit can spray the heated mixed high-speed airflow and the sand dust particles to a test sample, so that the sand dust erosion test process meets the temperature of sand dust erosion of an engine in aviation operation. Therefore, the sand and dust erosion test is closer to the working condition environment of the aero-engine, and the sand and dust erosion test can more accurately reflect the influence of sand and dust erosion on the aero-engine, so that the erosion resistance of the material of the aero-engine is obtained, and a reference basis is provided for the design of the aero-engine.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of material damage performance testing, and more specifically, to a sand and dust erosion testing device and method. Background Art

[0002] During aviation operations, since the aircraft engine blades are located at the front end of the aircraft engine and directly face the impact of the external environment, the engine blades will fail due to erosion and wear under the scouring load of sand and dust carried by high-speed airflow; also, during aviation operations, a certain amount of sand and dust will enter the compressor of the engine and impact the rotor blades of the compressor at a relatively high speed, causing material removal from the rotor blades under the erosion of the sand and dust, increasing the gap between the tip of the rotor blade and the casing of the compressor, thereby causing engine performance degradation and reducing the safety of aviation operations.

[0003] How to obtain the erosion resistance of aero-engine materials to provide a reference for the design of aero-engines is an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of this application is to provide a sand and dust erosion test device and method to obtain the erosion resistance of the material of the aircraft engine, so as to provide a reference for the design of the aircraft engine.

[0005] In order to achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A sand and dust erosion test device comprises: an equipment body, an erosion unit and a sand delivery unit arranged in the equipment body; the sand delivery unit is connected to the erosion unit and provides sand and dust particles; wherein the erosion unit comprises a spray gun and a test bench, the test bench is used to fix and heat the test sample, and the spray gun is used to spray the heated high-speed airflow mixed with sand and dust particles to the test sample.

[0007] In some embodiments, the spray gun includes a heating section, wherein the heating section is provided with a first heater and a heat preservation layer, and the first heater is capable of heating the high-speed airflow in the spray gun to a specified temperature.

[0008] In some embodiments, the spray gun also includes a pressurizing section, which is used to accelerate the high-speed airflow in the spray gun; the pressurizing section includes a tapered portion whose cross-section gradually decreases along the spraying direction and a gradually expanding portion whose cross-section gradually increases, and the maximum inner diameter of the tapered portion is greater than the maximum inner diameter of the gradually expanding portion.

[0009] In some embodiments, the spray gun is provided with an air inlet, a feed port, a discharge port and a channel which are interconnected, the air inlet is used to allow a high-speed airflow to pass through, the feed port is connected to the sand delivery unit, and the discharge port is used to spray a high-speed airflow mixed with sand and dust particles toward a test sample; the channel runs through the spray gun, the air inlet and the feed port are both opened at the top of the channel, and the channel is used to mix high-speed airflow and sand and dust particles.

[0010] In some embodiments, the channel located at the heating section is spiral-shaped;

[0011] And / or, the channel located at the pressurizing section is provided with a Laval nozzle.

[0012] In some embodiments, the test bench includes: a fixing member, which is used to clamp the test sample; a heating component, which is used to heat the test sample, and the heating component includes a second heater and a hollow thick copper wire. When the test sample is heated, cooling water is passed into the thick copper wire.

[0013] In some embodiments, the test bench further includes an adjustment component, which is used to adjust the height, horizontal position and tilt angle of the table top of the test bench, and the adjustment component can drive the table top of the test bench to rotate.

[0014] In some embodiments, the sand delivering unit includes: a sand delivering cylinder, which is used to place sand and dust particles; a sand delivering pipe, which is used to deliver sand and dust particles to the spray gun; a sand delivering platform, on which both the sand delivering cylinder and the sand delivering pipe are arranged, and the sand delivering platform includes a turntable, which is used to deliver the sand and dust particles flowing out of the sand delivering cylinder to the inlet of the sand delivering pipe.

[0015] In some embodiments, a stirring component is disposed in the sand delivery tube, and the stirring component is used to stir the sand and dust particles in the sand delivery tube.

[0016] In some embodiments, the outlet of the sand delivery pipe is connected to a sand delivery pipeline, and the other end of the sand delivery pipeline is connected to the spray gun; a valve is provided on the sand delivery pipeline.

[0017] In some embodiments, the sand feeding platform also includes: a rotating shaft, which is transmission-connected with a driving member, the rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the sand feeding platform, and the rotating shaft is used to drive the turntable to rotate; a sand feeding trough, the sand feeding trough is arranged on the top surface of the turntable, the sand feeding trough is circular, and the sand feeding trough is used to transport sand and dust particles; a first sealing member, the first sealing member is arranged at the outlet of the sand feeding tube, and the first sealing member seals the sand feeding tube and the sand feeding trough; a second sealing member, the second sealing member is arranged at the inlet of the sand feeding pipe, and the second sealing member seals the sand feeding pipe and the sand feeding trough; a mounting block, the mounting block is arranged at the top end of the sand feeding platform, and the mounting block is used to install the sand feeding tube and the sand feeding.

[0018] In some embodiments, the invention further comprises: a control system, wherein the erosion unit and the sand delivery unit are both electrically connected to the control system;

[0019] The control system includes a calculation unit, which can calculate the mass erosion rate K of the test sample by sand and dust erosion. m , using K m =(G 0 -G t ) / t×p, and the mass erosion rate K of the test sample by sand and dust erosion is obtained. m , where G 0 is the initial mass of the test sample to be tested; G t is the mass of the test sample after the sand and dust erosion test; t is the duration of the sand and dust erosion test; p is the sand feeding speed; and / or, the calculation unit can calculate the depth erosion rate K of the test sample by sand and dust erosion d , using K d =△d / (t×p), and the depth erosion rate K of the test sample by sand and dust erosion is obtained d , where △d is the depth change of the test sample before and after the sand and dust erosion test; t is the duration of the sand and dust erosion test; and p is the sand feeding speed.

[0020] In some embodiments, it further includes: a collecting unit, which is integrated into the interior of the device body and located at the bottom of the erosion unit, and is used to collect sand and dust particles in the device body.

[0021] A sand and dust erosion test method, using the sand and dust erosion test equipment as described above, is characterized in that it includes: pre-adjusting the sand and dust erosion test equipment; fixing the test sample to be tested and heating the test sample; introducing high-speed gas and sand and dust particles into the spray gun; heating the high-speed airflow and sand and dust particles inside the spray gun; and spraying the high-speed airflow mixed with sand and dust particles toward the test sample to be tested.

[0022] In some embodiments, the mass erosion rate K of the test sample by sand and dust erosion is calculated. m , the depth erosion rate K of the test sample caused by sand and dust erosion d At least one of .

[0023] In some embodiments, the sand and dust erosion test equipment is pre-adjusted, specifically including: connecting the air inlet of the spray gun to the air source and setting the shaft speed in the sand delivery unit; connecting the outlet of the sand delivery pipe of the sand delivery unit to the feed port of the spray gun; performing a pre-test using a metal plate to check whether the metal plate has traces of sand and dust erosion; adjusting the relative position of the test bench and the spray gun, as well as the inclination angle of the test bench.

[0024] In some embodiments, a test sample to be tested is fixed and subjected to a heating treatment, specifically comprising: fixing the test sample to be tested on a test bench by a fixing member; turning on a second heater, heating the test sample by a thick copper wire, and passing cooling water into the thick copper wire; and detecting the temperature of the test sample by a second sensor.

[0025] In some embodiments, high-speed gas and sand and dust particles are introduced into the spray gun, specifically including: opening the gas source, and introducing a high-speed airflow into the spray gun through the air inlet to form a negative pressure environment in the spray gun; loading the sand and dust particles into a sand delivery tube, and driving the turntable to rotate via the rotating shaft to deliver the sand and dust particles to the inlet of the sand delivery pipe; opening the valve of the sand delivery pipe, and under the action of the negative pressure environment in the spray gun, the sand and dust particles are sucked into the spray gun through the sand delivery pipe.

[0026] In some embodiments, heating the high-speed airflow and sand and dust particles inside the spray gun specifically includes: in the heating section of the spray gun, heating the high-speed airflow and sand and dust particles by a first heater; and detecting the temperature of the high-speed airflow and sand and dust particles by a first sensor.

[0027] In some embodiments, the mass erosion rate K of the test sample by sand and dust erosion is calculated. m , specifically including: using K m =(G 0 -G t ) / t×p, and the mass erosion rate K of the test sample by sand and dust erosion is obtained. m , where G 0 is the initial mass of the test sample to be tested; G t is the mass of the test sample after the sand and dust erosion test; t is the duration of the sand and dust erosion test; p is the sand feeding speed.

[0028] In some embodiments, the depth erosion rate K of the test sample by sand and dust erosion is calculated. d , including: using K d=△d / (t×p), and the depth erosion rate K of the test sample by sand and dust erosion is obtained d , where △d is the depth change of the test sample before and after the sand and dust erosion test; t is the duration of the sand and dust erosion test; and p is the sand feeding speed.

[0029] The sand and dust erosion test equipment provided by the present application integrates an erosion unit and a sand delivery unit through the main body of the equipment; the test sample is fixed and heated by the test bench of the erosion unit so that the test sample can be at the working temperature and the sand and dust erosion test can be carried out stably; the sand and dust particles are provided into the spray gun by the sand delivery unit; the spray gun of the erosion unit can spray the heated mixed high-speed airflow and sand and dust particles to the test sample, so that the test process of sand and dust erosion meets the temperature of sand and dust erosion to which the engine is subjected during aviation operations. In this way, the sand and dust erosion test is closer to the working environment of the aircraft engine, and the sand and dust erosion test can more accurately reflect the influence of sand and dust erosion on the aircraft engine, thereby obtaining the anti-erosion performance of the material of the aircraft engine, and providing a reference basis for the design of the aircraft engine. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying any creative work.

[0031] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a sand and dust erosion test device provided in an embodiment of the present application from one perspective;

[0032] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of a sand and dust erosion test device from another perspective provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of an erosion unit provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of a sand delivery unit provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of a sand delivery unit shown;

[0036] Figure 6 Flow chart of the sand and dust erosion test method provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0037] Description of reference numerals:

[0038] 100-device body, 110-control system, 120-collection unit;

[0039] 200- erosion unit, 210- spray gun, 211- heating section, 212- pressurizing section, 213- discharge port, 214- air inlet, 215- feed port, 216- channel, 217- first heater, 218- insulation layer, 219- Laval nozzle, 220- test bench, 221- fixing part;

[0040] 300-sand delivery unit, 310-sand delivery cylinder, 311-stirring assembly, 320-sand delivery pipe, 330-sand delivery platform, 331-rotating shaft, 332-rotating disk, 333-sand delivery trough, 340-first sealing member, 350-second sealing member, 360-mounting block, 370-first fixing block, 380-second fixing block;

[0041] 400 - test samples. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0043] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. The terms used in the following embodiments are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to be used as limitations on the present application. As used in the specification and the appended claims of the present application, the singular expressions "one", "a kind", "said", "above", "the" and "this" are intended to also include expressions such as "one or more", unless there is a clear contrary indication in the context. It should also be understood that in the embodiments of the present application, "one or more" refers to one, two or more; "and / or" describes the association relationship of the associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist; for example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates that the objects associated before and after are in an "or" relationship.

[0044] References to "one embodiment" or "some embodiments" etc. described in this specification mean that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiment is included in one or more embodiments of the present application. Thus, the phrases "in one embodiment", "in some embodiments", "in some other embodiments", "in some other embodiments", etc. that appear at different places in this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, but mean "one or more but not all embodiments", unless otherwise specifically emphasized in other ways. The terms "including", "comprising", "having" and their variations all mean "including but not limited to", unless otherwise specifically emphasized in other ways.

[0045] The multiple involved in the embodiments of the present application means greater than or equal to two. It should be noted that in the description of the embodiments of the present application, the words "first", "second", etc. are only used for the purpose of distinguishing the description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance, nor can they be understood as indicating or implying an order.

[0046] During aviation operations, the engine fan blades and compressor rotor blades are at high temperatures due to continuous engine operation. In addition, during the process of high-speed airflow carrying sand and dust to wash the engine, the high-speed airflow and sand and dust particles will also heat up under the influence of the high-temperature air around the engine. Therefore, under the working conditions of aviation operations, the engine itself is at a high temperature and will be washed by high-temperature high-speed airflow carrying sand and dust particles, causing engine performance degradation and reducing the safety of aviation operations.

[0047] Therefore, the embodiments of the present application provide a sand and dust erosion test device and method to obtain the anti-erosion performance of the materials of the aircraft engine, so as to provide a reference basis for the design of the aircraft engine.

[0048] like Figure 1-Figure 5As shown, the sand and dust erosion test equipment provided by the embodiment of the present application includes: an equipment body 100, an erosion unit 200 and a sand delivery unit 300 arranged in the equipment body 100, and the sand delivery unit 300 is connected to the erosion unit 200 and provides sand and dust particles. Among them, the erosion unit 200 includes a spray gun 210 and a test bench 220, and the test bench 220 is used to fix and heat the test sample 400 so that the test sample 400 can be at the working temperature and stably perform the sand and dust erosion test; sand and dust particles are provided into the spray gun 210 through the sand delivery unit 300, and the spray gun 210 is used to spray a high-speed airflow of heated mixed sand and dust particles to the test sample 400, so that the test process of sand and dust erosion meets the temperature of sand and dust erosion to which the engine is subjected in aviation operations. In this way, the sand and dust erosion test is closer to the working environment of the aircraft engine, and the sand and dust erosion test can more accurately reflect the influence of sand and dust erosion on the aircraft engine, thereby obtaining the anti-erosion performance of the material of the aircraft engine, and providing a reference basis for the design of the aircraft engine.

[0049] It should be noted that the test sample 400 is a flat plate used for testing that is consistent with the material of the fan blades of an aircraft engine or the material of the rotor blades of a compressor.

[0050] like Figure 3 As shown, the spray gun 210 is provided with an air inlet 214, a feed port 215, a discharge port 213 and a channel 216 which are interconnected. The air inlet 214 is used to introduce a high-speed airflow, the feed port 215 is used to connect the sand delivery unit 300 so that the sand delivery unit 300 can provide sand and dust particles into the spray gun 210, and the discharge port 213 is used to spray the high-speed airflow mixed with sand and dust particles toward the test sample 400 to be tested; the channel 216 runs through the spray gun 210, and the air inlet 214 and the feed port 215 are both arranged at the top of the channel 216 so that the high-speed airflow and the sand and dust particles can be mixed in the channel 216. In this way, the high-speed airflow and the sand and dust particles are mixed by the erosion unit 200 to be close to the working condition environment of the sand and dust particles scouring the test sample 400.

[0051] In actual situations, the air inlet 214 of the spray gun 210 provides a high-speed airflow by connecting to an air source. The air source may be a high-pressure gas cylinder, an air compressor, or other device capable of providing a high-speed airflow, and the embodiment of the present application does not limit this.

[0052] It should be noted that the air inlet 214 is connected to the air source through a connecting pipeline, and the connecting pipeline is provided with a pressure gauge, a flow valve, etc. to adjust the pressure and flow rate of the airflow provided to the spray gun 210, so as to be closer to the actual working conditions of aviation operations and improve the accuracy of the sand and dust erosion test.

[0053] The spray gun 210 includes a heating section 211, which heats the high-speed airflow and sand and dust particles entering the spray gun 210 so that the sand and dust particles sprayed toward the test sample 400 meet the temperature of sand and dust erosion in aviation operations; a first heater 217 is provided in the heating section 211, and the first heater 217 can heat the high-speed airflow and sand and dust particles in the channel 216 to a specified temperature, and an insulation layer 218 is provided on the outside of the heating section 211 to isolate the heating section 211 from the external temperature, thereby further ensuring the heating effect of the heating section 211 on the high-speed airflow and sand and dust particles.

[0054] In order to improve the heating efficiency of the high-speed airflow and sand and dust particles in the spray gun 210, the channel 216 located at the heating section 211 of the spray gun 210 is spirally shaped to increase the heating distance of the high-speed airflow and sand and dust particles in the heating section 211, thereby improving the heating efficiency of the high-speed airflow and sand and dust particles and shortening the length of the heating section 211 to improve the overall integration of the equipment.

[0055] It should be noted that the heating temperature of the first heater 217 in the channel 216 can be set according to actual conditions, and the temperature range is 200-600°C, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application. The heating section 211 is also provided with a first sensor, which detects whether the high-speed airflow and sand and dust particles in the channel 216 have reached a specified temperature, thereby further improving the accuracy of the sand and dust erosion test.

[0056] Since the sand and dust particle scouring rate is relatively high in actual aviation operations, in order to further conform to the actual working environment, such as Figure 3 As shown, the spray gun 210 also includes a pressurizing section 212, which is used to accelerate the high-speed airflow and sand and dust particles in the spray gun 210. The pressurizing section includes a tapered portion with a gradually decreasing cross-section along the spraying direction and a gradually increasing cross-section. The maximum inner diameter of the tapered portion is greater than the maximum inner diameter of the gradually increasing portion, so that the high-speed airflow can further increase the scouring rate after passing through the pressurizing section 212, so as to increase the scouring rate of the sand and dust particles on the test sample 400, and further ensure that the test conforms to the actual working environment.

[0057] In order to ensure that the high-speed sand and dust particles accelerated by the pressurizing section 212 can directly act on the test sample 400, as shown in FIG. Figure 3 As shown, the air inlet 214 , the material feed port 215 , the heating section 211 , the pressurizing section 212 and the material discharge port 213 are sequentially distributed along the axial direction of the spray gun 210 .

[0058] In some embodiments, a Laval nozzle 219 is provided on the channel 216 located at the pressurization section 212. The Laval nozzle 219 has a narrow throat structure so that the high-speed airflow mixed with the sand and dust particles can achieve a higher sand and dust flushing rate after passing through the pressurization of the Laval nozzle 219.

[0059] like Figure 3 As shown, in order to fix the test sample 400, the test bench 220 includes a fixing member 221, which can clamp the test sample 400 and make the test sample 400 detach from the test bench 220, so as to observe the test sample 400 after the sand and dust erosion test is completed.

[0060] In some embodiments, the fixing member 221 can be a clamp, and the fixing member 221 is made of high temperature resistant material to ensure that during the heating and erosion test of the test sample 400, the fixing member 221 can stably clamp the test sample 400. For example, the material of the fixing member 221 can be mica board, ceramic, high temperature resistant alloy, etc., which is not limited to this embodiment of the present application.

[0061] The test bench 220 is also provided with a heating assembly for heating the test sample 400 so that the test sample reaches the temperature under the working conditions of aviation operations. The heating assembly of the test bench 220 includes a second heater and a hollow thick copper wire. The thick copper wire is heated by the second heater to achieve heating of the test sample 400. The thick copper wire is arranged at the center of the interior of the test bench 220 to ensure the heating effect of the test sample 400; and, during the heating process of the test sample 400, cooling water is passed into the thick copper wire to prevent the thick copper wire from overheating, thereby ensuring that the test sample 400 is maintained at a specified temperature.

[0062] The heating assembly also includes a second sensor, which is used to detect the temperature of the test sample 400 to ensure that the test sample 400 reaches a specified temperature and improve the accuracy of the sand and dust erosion test.

[0063] It should be noted that the heating temperature of the test sample 400 by the second heater can be set according to actual conditions, and the temperature range is 50-600° C., which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.

[0064] It should be noted that both the first sensor and the second sensor may be sensors capable of detecting temperature, such as thermocouples and infrared thermometers, and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.

[0065] In order to further improve the accuracy of the sand and dust erosion test, the test bench 220 also includes an adjustment component, which can adjust the height of the table top of the test bench 220 to adjust the relative distance between the test sample 400 and the discharge port 213 of the spray gun 210; the adjustment component can adjust the horizontal position of the table top of the test bench 220 to adjust the horizontal relative position of the test sample 400 and the discharge port 213; the adjustment component can adjust the inclination angle of the table top of the test bench 220 to adjust the angle between the discharge port 213 and the test sample 400; the adjustment component can also drive the table top of the test bench 220 to rotate, so that the sand and dust erosion test process can further conform to the actual working conditions and improve the accuracy of the sand and dust erosion test.

[0066] In some embodiments, the adjustment component can be a multi-degree-of-freedom robotic arm, which can drive the test bench 220 to move so as to adjust the height, horizontal position and tilt angle of the table top of the test bench 220, and a rotating drive member is arranged between the robotic arm and the test bench 220 to drive the table top of the test bench 220 to rotate, thereby realizing multi-directional adjustment of the table top of the test bench 220.

[0067] In some other embodiments, the adjustment component may also include multiple driving components to respectively drive the height adjustment, horizontal position adjustment, tilt angle adjustment and rotation of the table top of the test bench 220, which can be achieved using various existing driving components and will not be repeated here.

[0068] like Figure 4-Figure 5 As shown, the sand delivery unit 300 provided in the embodiment of the present application is arranged inside the equipment body 100, and the sand delivery unit 300 includes: a sand delivery cylinder 310, which is used to place sand and dust particles; a sand delivery pipe 320, which is used to deliver sand and dust particles to the feed port 215 of the spray gun 210; and a sand delivery platform 330, where both the sand delivery cylinder 310 and the sand delivery pipe 320 are arranged, and the sand delivery platform 330 includes a rotating disk 332, and the sand and dust particles flowing out of the sand delivery cylinder 310 are delivered to the inlet of the sand delivery pipe 320 through the rotation of the rotating disk 332. In this way, since a high-speed airflow is introduced into the spray gun 210, a negative pressure environment is formed inside the spray gun 210, so that the sand and dust particles can be sucked into the spray gun 210 through the sand delivery pipe 320 through the feed port 215, so that the sand and dust particles are mixed with the high-speed airflow.

[0069] In actual situations, in order to facilitate the transportation of sand and dust particles, the outlet of the sand delivery pipe 320 is connected to a sand delivery pipe, and the other end of the sand delivery pipe is connected to the feed port 215, so that the sand and dust particles can be sucked into the interior of the spray gun 210 through the sand delivery pipe, and a valve is provided on the sand delivery pipe, and the transportation of sand and dust particles can be controlled by controlling the opening and closing of the valve.

[0070] like Figure 5As shown, in order to ensure the smoothness of the sand and dust particles flowing out of the sand delivery tube 310, a stirring component 311 is provided in the sand delivery tube 310. The stirring component 311 is used to stir the sand and dust particles in the sand delivery tube 310 to improve the smoothness of the sand and dust particles flowing out and ensure the sand delivery effect.

[0071] It should be noted that the stirring assembly 311 includes a driving member and a stirring member, and the driving member drives the stirring member to rotate to achieve stirring of the sand and dust particles.

[0072] like Figure 5 As shown, the sand delivery platform 330 also includes a rotating shaft 331 and a sand delivery trough 333, which is connected to a driving member through the rotating shaft 331, so that the rotating shaft 331 drives the turntable 332 to rotate and connect with the sand delivery platform 330; the sand delivery trough 333 is opened on the top surface of the turntable 332, and the sand delivery trough 333 is annular, and the sand delivery cylinder 310 and the sand delivery pipe 320 are distributed in sequence along the radial direction of the annular sand delivery trough 333, so that the sand and dust particles flow into the sand delivery trough 333 through the sand delivery cylinder 310, and are transported to the sand delivery pipe 320 through the sand delivery trough 333 under the rotation of the turntable 332, so as to provide sand and dust particles to the spray gun 210 later.

[0073] It should be noted that when the valve on the sand delivery pipe is open, the sand delivery speed can be adjusted by setting the rotation speed of the rotating shaft 331. Specifically, since the spray gun 210 is always in a negative pressure environment, the sand and dust particles are always sucked in through the feed port 215. The faster the rotation speed of the rotating shaft 331, the more sand and dust particles are transported to the inlet of the sand delivery pipe 320 through the turntable 332 per unit time, making the sand delivery speed faster; conversely, the slower the rotation speed of the rotating shaft 331, the fewer sand and dust particles are transported to the inlet of the sand delivery pipe 320 through the turntable 332 per unit time, and the sand delivery speed is slower. In this way, the sand delivery speed is adjusted by the rotation speed of the turntable 332, and the accuracy of the sand and dust erosion test is further improved.

[0074] In order to ensure the sealing performance of the sand delivery unit 300, Figure 5 As shown, the outlet of the sand delivery cylinder 310 is provided with a first seal 340, and the first seal 340 can seal the sand delivery cylinder 310 and the sand delivery groove 333; the inlet of the sand delivery pipe 320 is provided with a second seal 350, and the second seal 350 can seal the sand delivery pipe 320 and the sand delivery groove 333. In this way, the first seal 340 and the second seal 350 can reduce the leakage of sand and dust during the process of conveying sand and dust particles.

[0075] It should be noted that there is a small gap between the first sealing member 340 and the second sealing member 350 and the rotating disk 332 , which can reduce the leakage of sand and dust while ensuring the normal rotation of the rotating disk 332 .

[0076] In some embodiments, the first sealing member 340 and the second sealing member 350 may be rubber, an air bag, a packing seal, etc., which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0077] like Figure 5 As shown, a mounting block 360 is provided at the top of the sand delivery platform 330, and the mounting block 360 is used to install the sand delivery cylinder 310 and the sand delivery pipe 320, so that the sand delivery cylinder 310 and the sand delivery pipe 320 remain relatively fixed with the sand delivery platform 330 to ensure stable conveying of sand and dust particles.

[0078] In order to ensure the stability of the sand feeding process, Figure 5 As shown, the sand conveying unit 300 further includes a first fixing block 370 and a second fixing block 380 , and the first fixing block 370 and the second fixing block 380 are both used to fix the mounting block 360 and the sand conveying platform 330 to further ensure the stability of the sand conveying process.

[0079] like Figure 1-Figure 2 As shown, the sand and dust erosion test equipment provided in the embodiment of the present application also includes a collection unit 120, which is located inside the equipment body 100 and is arranged at the lower part of the erosion unit 200 to collect sand and dust particles washed from the test sample 400 during the sand and dust erosion test.

[0080] In some embodiments, the collection unit 120 is a dust collection box with a negative pressure function to reduce the leakage of sand and dust particles.

[0081] In actual situations, the sand and dust erosion test equipment provided in the embodiment of the present application also includes a control system 110, and the erosion unit 200 and the sand delivery unit 300 are both electrically connected to the control system 110. Specifically, the pressure and flow rate of the airflow entering the spray gun 210 can be adjusted through the control system 110; the heating temperature of the first heater 217 can be adjusted to obtain the temperature of the high-speed airflow and sand and dust particles detected by the first sensor; the spray gun 210 can be opened or closed; the heating temperature of the heating component of the test bench 220 for the test sample 400 can be adjusted to obtain the temperature of the test sample 400 detected by the second sensor; the adjustment component can be controlled to control the relative position of the test bench 220; the valve on the sand delivery pipeline can be opened or closed; the rotation speed of the rotating shaft 331 can be adjusted; in this way, the sand and dust erosion test equipment can be adjusted through the control system 110 to perform a sand and dust erosion test on the test sample 400.

[0082] The control system 110 includes a calculation unit, which can calculate the mass erosion rate K of the test sample 400 caused by sand and dust erosion. m , using K m =(G 0 -G t ) / t×p, and the mass erosion rate K of the test sample 400 by sand and dust erosion is obtained.m , the unit is milligram per gram (mg / g); where G 0 is the initial mass of the test sample 400 to be tested, in milligrams (mg); G t is the mass of the test sample 400 after the sand and dust erosion test, in milligrams (mg); t is the duration of the sand and dust erosion test, in minutes (min); p is the sand feeding speed, in grams per minute (g / min). The above parameters can be measured manually or obtained through the control system 110.

[0083] It can be seen that when the duration t and the sand feeding speed p of the sand erosion test are constant, the mass change (G 0 -G t ) is smaller, the mass wash rate K m The smaller it is, the less mass of the test sample 400 lost by erosion during the sand and dust erosion test, which means that the test sample 400 has a stronger anti-sand and dust erosion performance.

[0084] The calculation unit can calculate the depth erosion rate K of the sand and dust erosion on the test sample 400. d , using K d =△d / (t×p), and the depth erosion rate K of dust erosion on the test sample 400 is obtained d , in milligrams per gram (mg / g); wherein Δd is the depth change of the test sample 400 before and after the sand and dust erosion test, in millimeters (mm); t is the duration of the sand and dust erosion test, in minutes (g / min); p is the sand feeding speed, in grams per minute (g / min). . The above parameters can be measured manually or obtained through the control system 110.

[0085] It should be noted that after the sand and dust erosion test, the test sample 400 to be tested will form a gentle steep slope under the action of sand and dust erosion. In the process of measuring △d, the initial thickness of the test sample 400 to be tested and the thickness of the lowest point of the steep slope formed by the test sample 400 after the test are measured, and the depth change △d of the test sample 400 after the sand and dust erosion test can be obtained;

[0086] It can be seen from this that when the duration t and the sand feeding speed p of the sand and dust erosion test are constant, the smaller the depth change △d of the test sample 400 before and after the sand and dust erosion test, the smaller the depth erosion rate Kd obtained, indicating that during the sand and dust erosion test, the smaller the thickness of the test sample 400 lost by erosion, the stronger the performance of the tested sample 400 in resisting sand and dust erosion.

[0087] When the sand and dust erosion test equipment provided in the embodiment of the present application is working, first, the test sample 400 is fixed on the test bench 220, and the test sample 400 is heated to a specified temperature by a heating component, the spray gun 210 is connected to the air source and the sand delivery unit 300, the air source is turned on to provide a high-speed airflow to the spray gun 210, and the first heater 217 is turned on to heat the high-speed airflow. When the first sensor detects that the high-speed airflow reaches a specified temperature, the valve of the sand delivery pipeline is opened, and the turntable 332 is driven to rotate, so that the sand and dust particles are sucked into the spray gun 210, and the discharge port 213 sprays the heated and pressurized high-speed airflow and sand and dust particles toward the test sample 400, so as to simulate sand and dust erosion of the test sample 400 under the working conditions that meet the aviation operation, and provide a reference for the erosion resistance of the materials of the aviation engine.

[0088] like Figure 6 As shown, the embodiment of the present application also provides a sand and dust erosion test method, using the sand and dust erosion test equipment as described above, including:

[0089] S1. Pre-adjust the sand and dust erosion test equipment;

[0090] S11, connecting the air inlet of the spray gun 210 to the air source, and setting the rotation speed of the rotating shaft 331 in the sand delivery unit 300;

[0091] S12, connecting the outlet of the sand delivery pipe 320 in the sand delivery unit 300 and the feed port of the spray gun 210;

[0092] S13, using a metal plate to perform a pre-test, turning on the spray gun 210, checking the erosion marks on the metal plate, and adjusting the air flow parameters and the rotation speed of the rotating shaft 331 according to the actual situation;

[0093] S14. According to the erosion condition of the metal plate, the relative position of the test bench 220 and the spray gun 210 and the tilt angle of the test bench 220 are adjusted so that the relative position of the test sample 400 and the sprayed sand and dust particles is more consistent with the actual working environment.

[0094] S2, fixing the test sample 400 to be tested, and performing a heating treatment on the test sample 400;

[0095] S21, fixing the test sample 400 to be tested on the test bench 220 by means of the fixing member 221;

[0096] S22, turning on the second heater, heating the thick copper wire through the second heater, heating the test sample 400 through the thick copper wire, and passing cooling water into the thick copper wire to prevent the thick copper wire from overheating;

[0097] S23, detecting the temperature of the test sample 400 by a second sensor, and maintaining the temperature for 5-10 minutes after the test sample 400 reaches a specified temperature, so as to ensure a heating effect of the test sample 400.

[0098] S3, introducing high-speed airflow and sand and dust particles into the spray gun 210;

[0099] S31, turning on the air source, and introducing a high-speed airflow into the spray gun 210 through the air inlet 214, so as to form a negative pressure environment in the spray gun 210;

[0100] S32, sand and dust particles are loaded into the sand delivery tube 310, and the rotating shaft 331 is driven to rotate by the driving member, and the rotating disk 332 is driven to rotate by the rotating shaft 331, so that the sand and dust particles are delivered to the entrance of the sand delivery tube 320;

[0101] S33, opening the valve of the sand delivery pipeline, under the effect of the negative pressure environment of the spray gun 210, the sand and dust particles are sucked into the spray gun 210 through the sand delivery pipeline, so that the high-speed airflow and the sand and dust particles are mixed in the spray gun 210.

[0102] S4, heating the high-speed airflow and sand and dust particles inside the spray gun 210;

[0103] S41, in the heating section 211 of the spray gun 210, the high-speed airflow and the sand and dust particles are heated by the first heater 217;

[0104] S42. Detect the temperature of the high-speed airflow and the sand and dust particles by using the first sensor. After reaching the specified temperature and the temperature is stable, wait for 1-2 minutes to ensure the heating effect on the high-speed airflow and the sand and dust particles.

[0105] S5, spraying a high-speed airflow of mixed sand and dust particles toward the test sample 400 to be tested;

[0106] S51, opening the spray gun 210, so that the high-speed airflow of the mixed sand and dust particles is sprayed toward the test sample 400 through the discharge port 213;

[0107] S52 , after the dust erosion test reaches the set time t, the test sample 400 is taken out, and the dust particles in the equipment body 100 are cleaned through the collection unit 120 .

[0108] S6. Calculate the mass erosion rate K of the sand and dust erosion on the test sample 400 m Or the depth flushing rate K d ;

[0109] S61. Using K m =(G 0 -G t ) / t×p, and the mass erosion rate K of the test sample 400 by sand and dust erosion is obtained.m , the unit is milligram per gram (mg / g); where G 0 is the initial mass of the test sample 400 to be tested, in milligrams (mg); G t is the mass of the test sample 400 after the sand and dust erosion test, in milligrams (mg); t is the duration of the sand and dust erosion test, in minutes (min); p is the sand feeding speed, in grams per minute (g / min);

[0110] It can be seen that when the duration t and the sand feeding speed p of the sand erosion test are constant, the mass change (G 0 -G t ) is smaller, the mass wash rate K m The smaller the value is, the less mass of the test sample 400 lost by erosion during the sand and dust erosion test, and the stronger the anti-sand and dust erosion performance of the tested test sample 400 is.

[0111] It should be noted that the sand delivery speed p is the mass of sand and dust sprayed toward the test sample 400 per minute. When sand and dust are continuously provided, the greater the rotation speed of the rotating shaft 331, the more sand and dust particles are delivered to the sand delivery pipe 320 per unit time, so that the more sand and dust particles enter the spray gun 210, and the greater the mass of sand and dust particles sprayed toward the test sample 400 per unit time, the greater the sand delivery speed p. Therefore, the sand delivery speed p can be adjusted by adjusting the rotation speed of the rotating shaft 331.

[0112] In actual situations, a detection device for detecting the sand delivery speed p, such as a laser detector, a laser particle imager, an optical fiber sensor, etc., can be set near the discharge port 213 of the spray gun 210 to obtain the sand delivery speed p. The acquisition of the sand delivery speed p here is also applicable to the sand dust erosion test equipment mentioned above.

[0113] S62, using K d =△d / (t×p), and the depth erosion rate K of dust erosion on the test sample 400 is obtained d , in milligrams per gram (mg / g); wherein, △d is the depth change of the test sample 400 before and after the sand and dust erosion test, in millimeters (mm); t is the duration of the sand and dust erosion test, in minutes (g / min); p is the sand feeding speed, in grams per minute (g / min);

[0114] It should be noted that after the sand and dust erosion test, the test sample 400 to be tested will form a gentle steep slope under the action of sand and dust erosion. In the process of measuring △d, the initial thickness of the test sample 400 to be tested and the thickness of the lowest point of the steep slope formed by the test sample 400 after the test are measured, and the depth change △d of the test sample 400 after the sand and dust erosion test can be obtained;

[0115] It can be seen that when the duration t of the sand erosion test and the sand feeding speed p are constant, the smaller the depth change △d of the test sample 400 before and after the sand erosion test, the deeper the depth erosion rate K d The smaller it is, the smaller the thickness of the test sample 400 lost by erosion during the sand and dust erosion test, which means that the anti-sand and dust erosion performance of the tested test sample 400 is stronger.

[0116] The dust erosion test method provided in the embodiment of the present application simulates the dust erosion of the test sample 400 under the working environment, and obtains the mass erosion rate K of the dust erosion on the test sample 400 by measuring and calculating. m and the depth scouring rate K d The sand and dust erosion resistance of the tested sample 400 was obtained, which provides a reference for the erosion resistance of the materials of aircraft engines.

[0117] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but will conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A sand and dust erosion test equipment, characterized in that: include: An equipment body (100), an erosion unit (200) and a sand delivery unit (300) arranged in the equipment body (100); the sand delivery unit (300) is connected to the erosion unit (200) and provides sand and dust particles; The erosion unit (200) comprises a spray gun (210) and a test bench (220), wherein the test bench (220) is used to fix and heat a test sample (400), and the spray gun (210) is used to spray a heated high-speed airflow mixed with sand and dust particles toward the test sample (400).

2. The sand and dust erosion test equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spray gun (210) comprises a heating section (211), wherein the heating section (211) is provided with a first heater (217) and a heat-insulating layer (218), and the first heater (217) is capable of heating the high-speed airflow in the spray gun (210) to a specified temperature.

3. The sand and dust erosion test equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The spray gun (210) further comprises a pressurizing section (212), wherein the pressurizing section (212) is used to accelerate a high-speed airflow in the spray gun (210); The pressurizing section includes a tapered portion whose cross section gradually decreases along the ejection direction and a gradually expanding portion whose cross section gradually increases, and the maximum inner diameter of the tapered portion is greater than the maximum inner diameter of the gradually expanding portion.

4. The sand and dust erosion test equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The spray gun (210) is provided with an air inlet (214), a feed port (215), a discharge port (213) and a channel (216) which are interconnected, the air inlet (214) is used to allow a high-speed airflow to enter, the feed port (215) is connected to the sand delivery unit (300), and the discharge port (213) is used to spray a high-speed airflow of mixed sand and dust particles toward the test sample (400); The channel (216) passes through the spray gun (210), the air inlet (214) and the feed port (215) are both opened at the top of the channel (216), and the channel (216) is used to mix high-speed airflow and sand and dust particles.

5. The sand and dust erosion test equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: The channel (216) located at the heating section (211) is spiral-shaped; And / or, the channel (216) located in the pressurizing section (212) is provided with a Laval nozzle (219).

6. The sand and dust erosion test equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The test bench (220) comprises: A fixing member (221), the fixing member (221) being used for clamping the test sample (400); A heating component is used to heat the test sample (400), the heating component comprising a second heater and a hollow thick copper wire, and cooling water is passed into the thick copper wire when the test sample (400) is heated.

7. The sand and dust erosion test equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The test bench (220) further comprises an adjustment component, the adjustment component being used to adjust the height, horizontal position and tilt angle of the table top of the test bench (220), and the adjustment component being capable of driving the table top of the test bench (220) to rotate.

8. The sand and dust erosion test equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sand delivery unit (300) comprises: A sand delivery cylinder (310), wherein the sand delivery cylinder (310) is used to place sand and dust particles; A sand delivery pipe (320), the sand delivery pipe (320) being used to deliver sand and dust particles to the spray gun (210); A sand delivery platform (330), the sand delivery cylinder (310) and the sand delivery pipe (320) are both arranged on the sand delivery platform (330), the sand delivery platform (330) comprises a rotating disk (332), and the rotating disk (332) is used to deliver sand and dust particles flowing out of the sand delivery cylinder (310) to the inlet of the sand delivery pipe (320).

9. The sand and dust erosion test equipment according to claim 8, characterized in that: A stirring component (311) is arranged in the sand delivery cylinder (310), and the stirring component (311) is used to stir the sand and dust particles in the sand delivery cylinder (310).

10. The sand and dust erosion test equipment according to claim 8, characterized in that: The outlet of the sand delivery pipe (320) is connected to a sand delivery pipeline, and the other end of the sand delivery pipeline is connected to the spray gun (210); The sand conveying pipeline is provided with a valve.

11. The sand and dust erosion test equipment according to claim 8, characterized in that: The sand delivery station (330) further includes: A rotating shaft (331), the rotating shaft (331) being transmission-connected to a driving member, the rotating shaft (331) being rotationally connected to the sand conveying platform (330), and the rotating shaft (331) being used to drive the rotating disk (332) to rotate; A sand delivery trough (333), the sand delivery trough (333) being arranged on the top surface of the rotating disk (332), the sand delivery trough (333) being in a circular ring shape, and the sand delivery trough (333) being used to deliver sand and dust particles; a first sealing member (340), the first sealing member (340) being arranged at the outlet of the sand delivery cylinder (310), the first sealing member (340) sealing the sand delivery cylinder (310) and the sand delivery groove (333); a second sealing member (350), the second sealing member (350) being arranged at the inlet of the sand delivery pipe (320), the second sealing member (350) sealing the sand delivery pipe (320) and the sand delivery groove (333); A mounting block (360), the mounting block (360) being arranged on the top end of the sand delivery platform (330), the mounting block (360) being used to mount the sand delivery cylinder (310) and the sand delivery pipe (320).

12. The sand and dust erosion test equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that: Also includes: A control system (110), wherein the erosion unit (200) and the sand delivery unit (300) are both electrically connected to the control system (110); The control system (110) comprises a calculation unit, which is capable of calculating the mass erosion rate K of the test sample (400) caused by sand and dust erosion. m , using K m =(G0-G t ) / t×p, and the mass erosion rate K of the test sample (400) is obtained by sand and dust erosion. m , where G0 is the initial mass of the test sample (400) to be tested; G t is the mass of the test sample (400) after the sand and dust erosion test; t is the duration of the sand and dust erosion test; p is the sand feeding speed; and / or, the calculation unit can calculate the depth erosion rate K of the test sample (400) caused by sand and dust erosion d , using K d =△d / (t×p), and the depth erosion rate K of the sand and dust erosion on the test sample (400) is obtained. d , where △d is the depth change of the test sample (400) before and after the sand and dust erosion test; t is the duration of the sand and dust erosion test; and p is the sand feeding speed.

13. The sand and dust erosion test equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that: Also includes: A collecting unit (120), the collecting unit (120) is integrated inside the device body (100), and the collecting unit (120) is located at the bottom of the erosion unit (200), and the collecting unit (120) is used to collect sand and dust particles in the device body (100).

14. A sand and dust erosion test method, using the sand and dust erosion test device according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that: include: Pre-adjust the sand and dust erosion test equipment; Fixing a test sample (400) to be tested, and performing a heating treatment on the test sample (400); Introducing high-speed gas and sand and dust particles into the spray gun (210); Heating the high-speed airflow and sand and dust particles inside the spray gun (210); A high-speed air stream of mixed sand and dust particles is sprayed toward a test sample (400) to be tested.

15. The sand and dust erosion test method according to claim 14, characterized in that: Also includes: The mass erosion rate K of the test sample (400) due to sand and dust erosion is calculated as m , the depth erosion rate K of the test sample (400) caused by sand and dust erosion d At least one of .

16. The sand and dust erosion test method according to claim 14, characterized in that: Pre-adjust the sand and dust erosion test equipment, including: Connect the air inlet of the spray gun (210) to an air source, and set the rotation speed of the rotating shaft (331) in the sand delivery unit (300); Connecting the outlet of the sand delivery pipe (320) of the sand delivery unit (300) to the feed port of the spray gun (210); Conduct a preliminary test using a metal plate to check if there are any signs of sand and dust erosion on the metal plate; The relative positions of the test bench (220) and the spray gun (210), as well as the tilt angle of the test bench (220) are adjusted.

17. The sand and dust erosion test method according to claim 14, characterized in that: The test sample (400) to be tested is fixed, and the test sample (400) is subjected to a heating treatment, specifically comprising: Fixing a test sample (400) to be tested on a test bench (220) via a fixing member (221); Turning on the second heater to heat the test sample (400) through the thick copper wire, and passing cooling water into the thick copper wire; The temperature of the test sample (400) is detected by a second sensor.

18. The sand and dust erosion test method according to claim 14, characterized in that: High-speed gas and sand and dust particles are introduced into the spray gun (210), specifically including: Opening the air source and introducing a high-speed airflow into the spray gun (210) through the air inlet (214) to form a negative pressure environment in the spray gun (210); The sand and dust particles are loaded into the sand delivery cylinder (310), and the rotating disk (332) is driven to rotate by the rotating shaft (331) to deliver the sand and dust particles to the inlet of the sand delivery pipe (320); The valve of the sand delivery pipeline is opened, and under the effect of the negative pressure environment in the spray gun (210), sand and dust particles are sucked into the spray gun (210) through the sand delivery pipeline.

19. The sand and dust erosion test method according to claim 14, characterized in that: The high-speed airflow and sand and dust particles inside the heating spray gun (210) specifically include: In the heating section (211) of the spray gun (210), the high-speed airflow and the sand and dust particles are heated by a first heater (217); The high-speed airflow and the temperature of the sand and dust particles are detected by the first sensor.

20. The sand and dust erosion test method according to claim 15, characterized in that: The mass erosion rate K of the test sample (400) due to sand and dust erosion is calculated as m , specifically including: Using K m =(G0-G t ) / t×p, and the mass erosion rate K of the test sample (400) is obtained by sand and dust erosion. m , where G0 is the initial mass of the test sample (400) to be tested; G t is the mass of the test sample (400) after the sand and dust erosion test; t is the duration of the sand and dust erosion test; p is the sand feeding speed.

21. The sand and dust erosion test method according to claim 15, characterized in that: The depth erosion rate K of the sand and dust erosion on the test sample (400) is calculated d , specifically including: Using K d =△d / (t×p), and the depth erosion rate K of the sand and dust erosion on the test sample (400) is obtained. d , where △d is the depth change of the test sample (400) before and after the sand and dust erosion test; t is the duration of the sand and dust erosion test; and p is the sand feeding speed.

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