Underwater rock blasting device and method for channel excavation

Abstract

The invention discloses an underwater rock blasting device and method for channel excavation, the underwater rock blasting device for channel excavation is put in an underwater hole site and located below an explosive, the underwater rock blasting device for channel excavation comprises a shell, a reflecting part is arranged in the shell, the reflecting part is provided with a reflecting surface used for reflecting downward blast waves to the periphery, and the reflecting surface is provided with a plurality of blasting holes. An air cushion area is arranged between the reflecting part and the top of the shell, and the shell can be broken under the explosion of the explosive. According to the technical scheme, the shell is put below the explosive at the underwater hole position, when the explosive explodes, the shell is broken due to explosion of the explosive, shock waves of the explosive continue to move downwards and impact on the reflecting face of the reflecting part, the reflecting face prevents the shock waves of the explosive from continuing to move downwards and reflects the shock waves to the periphery, and therefore the shock waves of the explosive can be effectively reflected. And meanwhile, after the shock waves are reflected to the periphery, the explosion range of the explosive in the horizontal direction can be increased, the using amount of the explosive is further saved, and potential safety hazards are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of blasting devices, and in particular to an underwater rock blasting device and method for channel excavation. Background Art

[0002] Underwater drilling blasting is a widely used blasting operation method, which is widely used in port engineering construction, channel dredging, demolition and clearance of underwater structures, etc.

[0003] However, since it is difficult to accurately control the blasting range, over-excavation is often adopted. The hole depth will be greater than the designed depth, and the amount of explosive is also greater than the designed amount of explosive to ensure that the explosion range is not less than the designed required range. Finally, the depth after explosion is much greater than the designed depth.

[0004] But this method not only increases the time required for drilling, but also wastes more explosives, increases the difficulty of subsequent finishing, and has greater potential safety hazards. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide an underwater rock blasting device and method for channel excavation to improve the problems that the high-altitude construction of the crossbeam is more troublesome and has a higher potential safety hazard.

[0006] In the first aspect, an underwater rock blasting device for channel excavation provided by this application adopts the following technical scheme: An underwater rock blasting device for channel excavation is placed in an underwater hole and is located below the explosive. It includes a shell. A reflector is arranged inside the shell. The reflector is provided with a reflecting surface for reflecting the downward explosion wave to the surroundings. An air cushion area is arranged between the reflector and the top of the shell. The shell can be broken under the explosion of the explosive.

[0007] By adopting the above technical scheme, by placing the shell below the explosive in the underwater hole, when the explosive explodes, the shell bears the explosion of the explosive and breaks. The shock wave of the explosive continues to move downward and impacts on the reflecting surface of the reflector. The reflecting surface prevents the shock wave of the explosive from continuing to move downward and reflects the shock wave to the surroundings. Thus, it is avoided that the hole depth after explosion exceeds the designed depth too much. At the same time, after the shock wave is reflected to the surroundings, it can increase the explosion range of the explosive in the horizontal direction, further save the amount of explosive used, and reduce potential safety hazards.

[0008] Optionally, the emitting surface adopts a conical surface.

[0009] By the above technical scheme, through the setting of the conical surface, the shock wave can be better reflected to the surroundings.

[0010] Optionally, the reflector adopts a hard sphere.

[0011] With the above technical solution, the reflecting member is a hard sphere. There is no need to consider the placement of the hard sphere. No matter how the hard sphere is placed, the effect of the reflecting surface can be guaranteed, making the installation of the hard sphere relatively convenient.

[0012] Optionally, the housing is enclosed.

[0013] With the above technical solution, the enclosed housing is convenient for forming an air cushion area.

[0014] Furthermore, the housing is made of plastic.

[0015] With the above technical solution, the plastic housing is easy to break when the explosive explodes.

[0016] Optionally, a metal framework is provided inside the housing.

[0017] With the above technical solution, the metal framework is convenient for supporting the housing and preventing the housing from deforming due to excessive water pressure when the housing enters the water.

[0018] Optionally, a guiding portion is provided at the bottom of the housing, and the diameter of the guiding portion gradually decreases in the direction away from the housing.

[0019] With the above technical solution, the guiding portion facilitates the housing to slide to the bottom of the hole position.

[0020] Optionally, the guiding portion is a hemispherical surface.

[0021] With the above technical solution, the hemispherical guiding portion is more convenient for production.

[0022] In a second aspect, the present application discloses a construction method.

[0023] A construction method includes the following steps: S1. Drill a hole in the river channel rock to form a blasting hole; S2. Place the above-mentioned underwater rock blasting device for channel excavation into the blasting hole; S3. Place explosives into the blasting hole and make the explosives located above the underwater rock blasting device for channel excavation; S4. Detonate the explosives.

[0024] Optionally, in step S1, the hole depth of the blasting hole is one housing length greater than the designed depth.

[0025] With the above technical solution, the hole depth of the blasting hole is one housing length greater than the designed depth, so that the housing will not affect the hole depth after falling into the blasting hole, and thus ensure that the hole depth after explosion can reach the designed depth.

[0026] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. By placing a housing below the explosive in the underwater hole, when the explosive detonates, the housing withstands the explosion of the explosive and breaks, and the shock wave of the explosive continues downward and impacts on the reflecting surface of the reflector. The reflecting surface prevents the shock wave of the explosive from continuing downward and reflects the shock wave in all directions, thereby avoiding the hole depth after explosion exceeding the designed depth too much. At the same time, after the shock wave is reflected in all directions, it can increase the explosion range of the explosive in the horizontal direction, further saving the amount of explosive used and reducing potential safety hazards; 2. The metal skeleton facilitates the support of the housing and avoids deformation of the housing caused by excessive water pressure when the housing enters the water; 3. The reflector is made of a hard sphere. There is no need to consider the placement problem of the hard sphere. No matter how the hard sphere is placed, the effect of the reflecting surface can be guaranteed, making the installation of the hard sphere relatively convenient; 4. The housing made of plastic is easy to break when the explosive detonates. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 is a sectional schematic view showing the whole of an underwater rock blasting device for channel excavation in the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the blasting hole in the present invention.

[0029] Figure 3 is a three-dimensional schematic view showing the feeding mechanism in the present invention.

[0030] Figure 4 is a three-dimensional schematic view showing the injection molding mechanism in the present invention.

[0031] Figure 5 is a three-dimensional schematic view showing the inner mold in the present invention.

[0032] In the figure, 1. housing; 11. hard sphere; 12. metal skeleton; 13. air cushion area; 14. guiding part; 2. blasting hole; 21. explosive; 3. feeding mechanism; 31. feeding rack; 32. hard sphere feeding component; 321. bin; 322. slideway; 323. limiting cylinder; 324. limiting plate; 33. inner mold feeding component; 331. conveyor belt; 332. pallet; 34. feeding manipulator; 4. injection molding mechanism; 41. upper mold frame; 411. upper mold; 42. lower mold frame; 421. injection molding sleeve; 422. lifting hydraulic cylinder; 423. ejecting hydraulic cylinder; 424. ejector rod; 425. lower mold; 44. inner mold; 5. discharging mechanism. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0033] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These drawings are all simplified schematic diagrams, only illustrating the basic structure of the present invention in a schematic manner, so they only show the components related to the present invention.

[0034] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, so it cannot be understood as a limitation to the present invention. In addition, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "mounted", "connected", "coupled" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.

[0035] Embodiment 1 An underwater rock blasting device for channel excavation, referring to Figure 1 , the underwater rock blasting device for channel excavation is placed in an underwater hole position and is located below the explosive 21. The underwater rock blasting device for channel excavation includes a housing 1. A reflector is provided inside the housing 1. The reflector is provided with a reflecting surface for reflecting the downward explosion wave in all directions. An air cushion area 13 is provided between the reflector and the top of the housing 1. The housing 1 can be broken under the explosion of the explosive 21. During operation, by placing the housing 1 below the explosive 21 in the underwater hole position, when the explosive 21 explodes, the housing 1 bears the explosion of the explosive 21 and breaks. The shock wave of the explosive 21 continues to move downward and impacts on the reflecting surface of the reflector. The reflecting surface prevents the shock wave of the explosive 21 from continuing to move downward and reflects the shock wave in all directions. Thereby, it is avoided that the hole depth after explosion exceeds the designed depth too much. At the same time, after the shock wave is reflected in all directions, it can increase the explosion range of the explosive 21 in the horizontal direction, further saving the amount of the explosive 21 and reducing potential safety hazards.

[0036] Optionally, the emission surface is a conical surface. By setting the conical surface, the shock wave can be better reflected in all directions. When the emission surface is a conical surface, the bottom of the reflector can be a flat surface or a hemispherical surface for easy installation, so that the axis of the conical surface is as coaxial as possible with the axis of the hole position.

[0037] Preferably, the reflector is a hard ball 11. There is no need to consider the placement problem of the hard ball 11. No matter how the hard ball 11 is placed, it can ensure that the reflection surface is a hemispherical surface, which can guarantee the reflection effect, making the installation and positioning of the hard ball 11 relatively convenient, without much consideration of the installation or placement accuracy. The hard ball 11 can be a steel ball.

[0038] In addition, the housing 1 is enclosed. The enclosed housing 1 is convenient for forming an air cushion area 13. The housing 1 can be made of plastic, such as PVC, etc. The plastic housing 1 is easy to break when the explosive 21 explodes.

[0039] To prevent the housing 1 from deforming under too high water pressure and affecting the blasting effect, a metal skeleton 12 is provided inside the housing 1. The metal skeleton 12 is convenient for supporting the housing 1, preventing the housing 1 from deforming greatly due to excessive water pressure when entering the water.

[0040] A guiding part 14 is provided at the bottom of the housing 1. The diameter of the guiding part 14 gradually decreases in the direction away from the housing 1. The guiding part 14 facilitates the housing 1 to slide to the bottom of the hole position.

[0041] Optionally, the guiding part 14 is a hemispherical surface. The hemispherical guiding part 14 is more convenient for production and has a better guiding effect.

[0042] The metal skeleton 12 includes a cylindrical part and a hemispherical part connected to each other. The arc part is convenient for adapting to the housing 1, and the hemispherical part is convenient for adapting to the hemispherical guiding part 14. The metal skeleton 12 also has the effect of increasing the overall weight of the housing 1 to ensure that the housing 1 can overcome the buoyancy and sink to the bottom of the river.

[0043] In the second aspect, the present application discloses a construction method.

[0044] A construction method, referring to Figure 2 , includes the following steps: S1. Drill a hole in the river channel rock to form a blasting hole 2. The depth of the hole position of the blasting hole 2 is one housing 1 length larger than the designed depth, so that the housing 1 falling into the blasting hole 2 will not affect the depth of the hole position, thereby ensuring that the depth of the hole position after explosion can reach the designed depth.

[0045] S2. Place the above underwater rock blasting device for channel excavation into the blasting hole 2. When placing it, orient the guiding part 14 downward and place it in the blasting hole 2. Tools such as a casing can be used to press down on the housing 1 to ensure that the housing 1 sinks in place. When pressing down, the metal framework 12 can provide support to prevent the housing 1 from undergoing significant deformation. S3. Place explosives 21 into the blasting hole 2 and make the explosives 21 located above the housing 1. At the same time, the air cushion area 13 inside the housing 1 can prevent the direct impact of the explosion of the explosives 21 on the hard balls 11. S4. Detonate the explosives 21.

[0046] A forming device for forming the above underwater rock blasting device for channel excavation. Refer to Figures 3 to 5 , which includes a feeding mechanism 3, an injection molding mechanism 4, and a discharging mechanism 5. The feeding mechanism 3 includes a feeding rack 31, a hard ball 11 feeding component, and an inner mold 44 feeding component 33. The inner mold 44 is used to form the air cushion area 13, and the top of the inner mold 44 has an opening for placing the hard balls 11.

[0047] The hard ball 11 feeding component includes a bin 321 and a chute 322. Both the bin 321 and the chute 322 are fixedly installed on the feeding rack 31. The bin 321 is used to store the hard balls 11, and the chute 322 is used for the hard balls 11 to slide down. A limiting air cylinder 323 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the chute 322, and the movable end of the limiting air cylinder 323 is fixedly connected to a limiting plate 324. The limiting plate 324 is used to block the hard balls 11 and direct the hard balls 11 when the hard balls 11 need to flow. There are two sets of the limiting air cylinder 323 and the limiting plate 324, and the distance between the two limiting plates 324 is less than the diameter of two hard balls 11, so that only one hard ball 11 can be accommodated between the two limiting plates 324, thereby ensuring that only one hard ball 11 breaks away from the chute 322 each time.

[0048] The inner mold 44 feeding component 33 includes a conveyor belt 331 and a pallet 332. Both the conveyor belt 331 and the pallet 332 are fixedly installed on the feeding rack 31. The conveyor belt 331 is used to convey the inner mold 44 onto the pallet 332. The pallet 332 is located below the discharge opening of the chute 322, so that the hard balls 11 can fall onto the inner mold 44. There is a feeding manipulator 34 between the inner mold 44 feeding component 33 and the injection molding mechanism 4. The feeding manipulator 34 uses a five-axis robotic arm, and the output end of the five-axis robotic arm is connected with a gripper for gripping the inner mold 44. During operation, the gripper of the feeding manipulator 34 first grips the inner mold 44, and then the hard balls 11 fall onto the inner mold 44.

[0049] The injection mechanism 4 includes an upper mold base 41 and a lower mold base 42. An upper mold 411 is fixedly connected to the upper mold base 41. A lifting hydraulic cylinder 422 is fixedly connected to the lower mold base 42. The lifting hydraulic cylinder 422 is arranged in the vertical direction. A lower mold 425 is fixedly connected to the piston rod of the lifting hydraulic cylinder 422. An injection sleeve 421 is fixedly connected to the lower mold 425. An injection space for accommodating the inner mold 44 and the hard ball 11 is provided in the injection sleeve 421. After the inner mold 44 is placed in the injection sleeve 421, an injection area is formed between the inner mold 44 and the injection sleeve 421. The metal skeleton 12 can be placed in the injection area. The upper mold 411 includes a cylindrical part and a hemispherical part. The cylindrical part facilitates the closing of the injection sleeve 421, and the hemispherical part facilitates the forming of the guiding part 14. An injection area is also formed between the upper mold 411, the hard ball 11, and the inner mold 44. At the same time, the cylindrical part of the upper mold 411 also facilitates reducing the height of the injection sleeve 421, so that the loading manipulator 34 can place the inner mold 44 into the injection sleeve 421. An injection pipe is connected to the upper mold 411 to inject molten plastic.

[0050] A top-out hydraulic cylinder 423 is also fixedly connected to the lower mold base 42. A top rod 424 is fixedly connected to the piston rod of the top-out hydraulic cylinder 423. The top rod 424 passes through the bottom plate of the lower mold 425 and is flush with the top surface of the bottom plate of the lower mold 425. The top rod 424 is located below the injection area to hold the housing 1 after the housing 1 is formed, so as to demold between the injection sleeve 421 and the housing 1.

[0051] The discharging mechanism 5 can also adopt a discharging manipulator, and the discharging manipulator mechanism can be the same as the loading manipulator 34.

[0052] Working principle: During operation, the hard ball 11 feeding assembly and the inner mold 44 feeding assembly 33 perform feeding respectively. The gripper of the loading manipulator 34 grips the inner mold 44 and transfers the inner mold 44 and the hard ball 11 placed on the inner mold 44 together into the injection sleeve 421. Subsequently, the loading manipulator 34 grips the metal skeleton 12 again and places the metal skeleton 12 in the injection area. Then, the piston rod of the lifting hydraulic cylinder 422 extends to push the lower mold 425 upward until the injection sleeve 421 closes with the cylindrical part of the upper mold 411. Subsequently, the piston rod of the top-out hydraulic cylinder 423 extends to make the top rod 424 insert into the bottom plate of the lower mold 425 and make the top surface of the top rod 424 flush with the top surface of the bottom plate of the lower mold 425.

[0053] Then the injection pipe injects into the injection area. After the housing 1 is formed, the piston rod of the lifting hydraulic cylinder 422 retracts, and the injection sleeve 421 separates from the housing 1. At this time, the top rod 424 holds the housing 1, and the position where the top rod 424 holds the housing 1 is below the metal skeleton 12. Subsequently, the gripper of the discharging manipulator grips the housing 1, the piston rod of the top-out hydraulic cylinder 423 retracts, the top rod 424 descends, and the gripper of the discharging manipulator transfers the housing 1.

[0054] The embodiments of this specific implementation manner are all preferred embodiments of this application, and do not limit the protection scope of this application accordingly. The same components are denoted by the same reference numerals. Therefore, all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, and principle of this application shall be covered within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. An underwater rock blasting device for channel excavation, placed in an underwater hole and located below the explosive (21), characterized in that: The invention comprises a shell (1), wherein a reflector is arranged inside the shell (1), and a reflector surface is arranged on the reflector for reflecting downward explosion waves to the surroundings, and an air cushion area (13) is arranged between the reflector and the top of the shell (1), and the shell (1) can be broken under the explosion of explosives (21).

2. The underwater rock blasting device for channel excavation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The emitting surface is a conical surface.

3. The underwater rock blasting device for channel excavation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reflector is a hard ball (11).

4. The underwater rock blasting device for channel excavation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The housing (1) is arranged in a closed manner.

5. The underwater rock blasting device for channel excavation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The housing (1) is made of plastic.

6. The underwater rock blasting device for channel excavation according to claim 1, characterized in that: A metal frame (12) is provided inside the shell (1).

7. The underwater rock blasting device for channel excavation according to claim 1, characterized in that: A guide portion (14) is provided at the bottom of the shell (1), and the diameter of the guide portion (14) gradually decreases in the direction in which the guide portion (14) moves away from the shell (1).

8. The underwater rock blasting device for channel excavation according to claim 7, characterized in that: The guide portion (14) adopts a hemispherical surface.

9. A construction method, characterized in that: The steps include: S1, drilling holes in the river rock to form blasting holes (2); S2. Place the underwater rock blasting device for channel excavation as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8 into the blasting hole (2); S3, placing explosives (21) into the blasting hole (2), and placing the explosives (21) above the underwater rock blasting device used for channel excavation; S4. Detonate the explosive (21).

10. A construction method according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step S1, the hole depth of the blasting hole (2) is greater than the designed depth by the length of the shell (1).

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