Intelligent precise nutritional feeding method for growing-finishing pigs

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent precise nutritional feeding method for growing-finishing pigs, and relates to the field of breeding daily ration. The method comprises the steps that two or more feed towers are arranged in a growing and fattening pig house, and different daily rations are loaded into the feed towers respectively; acquiring daily pig herd data; according to the collected pig herd data, the daily ration in different feed towers is mixed according to the corresponding proportion according to the nutritional requirements of the pigs with different weights, and the growing-finishing pigs are fed. Under the condition that only 3-5 daily ration formulas are provided in the whole fattening stage, accurate nutrition supply can be provided according to the actual nutritional requirements of pigs, and the problems that when stage feeding is adopted at present, nutrition is insufficient in the early stage, and nutrition is excessive in the later stage are solved. The method also improves the digestibility of the fattening pigs to the daily ration, reduces the nutrient waste, reduces the excrement discharge, relieves the environmental protection pressure, and improves the breeding benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of breeding diets, and particularly to an intelligent and precise nutrition feeding method for growing and finishing pigs. Background Art

[0002] The growing and finishing stage is an important link in pig production. The amount of diet used accounts for 80% - 85% of the total feed consumption in the whole period, which is a crucial period for controlling the diet cost and ensuring the pig-raising income. However, at present, pig farms of different scales are relatively rough in the selection and division of the dietary nutrition required by pigs during the fattening stage, often resulting in insufficient or wasted nutritional supply.

[0003] At present, large-scale pig farms at home and abroad all adopt stage feeding during the fattening period, and feed diets with corresponding nutritional levels in different stages. Most pig farms adopt three-stage feeding during the fattening period, that is, divided into three stages according to body weight: 25 - 60 kg, 60 - 90 kg, and 90 - 125 kg; better pig farms adopt five-stage feeding, that is, divided into five stages according to body weight: 25 - 45 kg, 45 - 65 kg, 65 - 85 kg, 85 - 105 kg, and 105 - 125 kg.

[0004] Feeding diets with corresponding nutritional levels in different stages respectively. However, in the actual production process of pigs, the nutritional requirements for growth and development vary every day in each growth period with different ages and body weights. Therefore, the nutrients provided by the "three-stage feeding method" or "five-stage feeding method" do not match the actual requirements of pigs. When adopting stage feeding, generally, the nutrition is insufficient in the early stage of each stage and excessive in the later stage. When the nutrition is insufficient, it affects the growth of pigs. When the nutrition is excessive, the nutrients cannot be fully utilized, and the excess nutrients increase the metabolic burden of pigs and will be excreted out of the body with feces, resulting in an increase in the diet cost. The excessive nutrition will also increase the fecal emissions and the difficulty of fecal sewage treatment.

[0005] The above content is only used to assist in understanding the technical solution of the present invention, and does not represent an admission that the above content is prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an intelligent and precise nutrition feeding method for growing and finishing pigs. Through this method, corresponding nutrition plans can be provided according to the actual nutritional needs of pigs, providing precise nutrition supply for the pig group, improving the digestion and absorption utilization rate of the diet, reducing nutritional waste, reducing fecal sewage excretion, and at the same time solving the problem of feed change stress in the pig group. Feeding growing and finishing pigs with this method can not only improve the breeding efficiency but also contribute to environmental protection.

[0007] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides an intelligent and precise nutrition feeding method for growing and finishing pigs, and the method includes:

[0008] Equip two or more feed towers in the growing and finishing pig house, and load different rations respectively;

[0009] Obtain daily pig herd data;

[0010] According to the collected pig herd data, mix the rations in different feed towers in corresponding proportions according to the nutritional requirements of pigs of different weights, and feed the growing and finishing pigs.

[0011] Preferably, the growing and finishing pigs refer to growing and finishing pigs with a weight of 25 - 125 kg.

[0012] Preferably, the feed tower has the function of automatically adjusting the feeding weight according to requirements.

[0013] Preferably, two or more feed towers are equipped in the growing and finishing pig house, and different rations are loaded respectively, including:

[0014] Among the two or more feed towers equipped in the growing and finishing pig house, the same feed tower loads rations with different nutrient concentrations at different feeding stages.

[0015] Preferably, two or more feed towers are equipped in the growing and finishing pig house, and different rations are loaded respectively, including:

[0016] Among the two or more feed towers equipped in the growing and finishing pig house, each feed tower loads rations with different nutrient concentrations simultaneously.

[0017] Preferably, the obtaining of daily pig herd data includes: collecting pig herd data daily through intelligent pig - raising devices.

[0018] Preferably, the collecting of pig herd data daily through intelligent pig - raising devices includes:

[0019] Collect the number of pigs and the weight of pigs;

[0020] Calculate the average weight of the daily pig herd based on the number of pigs and the weight of pigs.

[0021] Preferably, the ration refers to providing 3 - 5 rations during the entire fattening stage, including:

[0022] Ration 1: Net energy ≥ 2475 Kcal / kg, crude protein 16.5 - 17.0%, standard ileal digestible lysine ≥ 1.05%;

[0023] Ration 2: Net energy ≥ 2475 Kcal / kg, crude protein 15.3 - 15.7%, standard ileal digestible lysine ≥ 0.91%;

[0024] Ration 3: Net energy ≥ 2475 Kcal / kg, crude protein 14.3 - 14.7%, standard ileal digestible lysine ≥ 0.78%;

[0025] Diet 4: Net energy ≥ 2475 Kcal / kg, crude protein 12.3 - 12.7%, standard ileal digestible lysine ≥ 0.67%;

[0026] Diet 5: Net energy ≥ 2475 Kcal / kg, crude protein 10.3 - 10.7%, standard ileal digestible lysine ≥ 0.53%.

[0027] Preferably, the mixing of the diets in different feed towers according to the nutritional requirements of pigs of different weights is carried out in the following manner:

[0028] When mixing the diets in different feed towers, the mixing is carried out based on the index of digestible lysine. The calculation formula for the index of digestible lysine corresponding to the average weight of the pig herd is as follows:

[0029] y = (x2 / 100000 - 0.0063x + 1.1988) / 100

[0030] y: The percentage content of digestible lysine required in the diet;

[0031] x: The average weight of the pig herd per day, unit kg;

[0032] The said formula is calculated according to the nutritional standards of "Nutrient Requirements of Swine" of NRC (2012) in the United States.

[0033] The intelligent precise nutrition feeding method for growing - finishing pigs provided by the present invention has the following advantages:

[0034] 1. By using pig - raising intelligent devices to collect pig - herd data every day and providing corresponding diet formulas according to the average weight and nutritional requirements of the pig herd every day, precise nutrition can be achieved, the breeding efficiency can be improved, and fecal and sewage emissions can be reduced.

[0035] 2. Only 3 - 5 diet formulas are needed throughout the fattening stage to achieve precise nutrition, which can effectively improve the production efficiency of feed mills.

[0036] 3. During the feeding process throughout the fattening stage, the diet conversion is gradual, which can greatly reduce the feed - changing stress caused by switching between different diets. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required to be used in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention, so they should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0038] Figure 1This is a schematic flowchart of an embodiment of an intelligent precise nutrition feeding method for growing and finishing pigs according to the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0039] To better understand the above technical solution, exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided so that the present disclosure can be more thoroughly understood and the scope of the present disclosure can be fully conveyed to those skilled in the art.

[0040] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0041] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0042] Referring to Figure 1 , an intelligent precise nutrition feeding method for growing and finishing pigs provided by the present application includes the following steps:

[0043] S1: Equip two or more feed towers in the growing and finishing pig house, and load different diets

[0044] Equip 3 feed towers with the function of automatically adjusting the feeding weight in the growing and finishing pig house, and each feed tower loads diets with different nutrient concentrations. The diets in the feed towers are respectively:

[0045] Feed tower 1: Load diet 1, net energy ≥ 2475 Kcal / kg, crude protein 16.5 - 17.0%, standard ileal digestible lysine ≥ 1.05%;

[0046] Feed tower 2: Load diet 3, net energy ≥ 2475 Kcal / kg, crude protein 14.3 - 14.7%, standard ileal digestible lysine ≥ 0.78%;

[0047] Feed tower 3: Load diet 5, net energy ≥ 2475 Kcal / kg, crude protein 10.3 - 10.7%, standard ileal digestible lysine ≥ 0.53%.

[0048] The feed tower has the function of automatically adjusting the feeding weight and can automatically adjust the feeding ratio of the daily ration according to the nutritional needs of the pig group. When there are enough feed towers, different daily rations can be loaded into different feed towers at the same time; when there are not enough feed towers, different daily rations with different nutritional concentrations are replaced in the same feed tower according to the change of the feeding stage.

[0049] S2: Obtain daily pig group data

[0050] Intelligent monitoring devices are installed at the entrance and key positions inside the pig house, including high-definition cameras, infrared thermal imaging sensors, and data transmitters. The system is connected to the data processing center, and the weight data of pigs is obtained through infrared temperature sensing technology, which is used as the basis for subsequent data collection.

[0051] When pigs are moving in the pig house, the infrared thermal imaging sensor scans the pigs. Since there is a certain correlation between the temperature distribution of different parts of the pig's body and its weight (for example, the larger the body volume, the relatively larger the heat dissipation area, and the overall thermal radiation characteristics will be different), through the pre-established mathematical model of infrared thermal imaging characteristics and weight (this model is trained and optimized through a large amount of experimental data and machine learning algorithms), the thermal imaging data of pigs collected by the infrared thermal imaging sensor is input into the model to calculate the real-time weight data of each pig, and the weight data is transmitted to the data processing center to obtain the average weight data record file.

[0052] S3: According to the collected pig group data, feed the growing and finishing pigs by mixing the daily rations in different feed towers in corresponding proportions according to the nutritional needs of pigs with different weights

[0053] When mixing the daily rations in different feed towers, mix them according to the digestible lysine index. Based on the average weight of the pig group calculated by the data processing center, calculate the digestible lysine requirement index:

[0054] y=(x 2 / 100000 - 0.0063x + 1.1988) / 100

[0055] y: The percentage content of digestible lysine required in the daily ration;

[0056] x: The average weight of the daily pig group, unit kg;

[0057] This formula is calculated with reference to the "Nutrient Requirements of Swine" of the US NRC (2012).

[0058] The specific operation is as follows:

[0059] Calculate the nutritional requirements: According to the average weight of the pig group, calculate the required percentage content of digestible lysine.

[0060] Determine the diet ratio: Taking the preparation of 3 diets as an example, according to the target lysine content, calculate the optimal mixing ratio of the 3 diets when the cost is the lowest.

[0061] Mixed diet: The data processing center sends the mixing ratio instruction to the silo control system. The silo discharges materials according to the ratio, and after being fully mixed during transportation, it is fed to the pig group through the automatic feeding device.

[0062] Through the above steps, ensure that the pig group can obtain appropriate nutrient supply, thereby improving the digestion and absorption utilization rate of the diet, reducing nutrient waste, reducing fecal and urine excretion, solving the problem of feed change stress in the pig group, and enhancing the breeding efficiency.

[0063] Example 1:

[0064] S1: Equip two or more silos in the growing and finishing pig house. In the growing and finishing pig house, 2 silos are equipped, and each silo is filled with 3 diets with different nutrient concentrations. The silo has the function of automatically adjusting the discharging weight and can automatically adjust the discharging ratio of the diet according to the nutrient requirements of the pig group. Three diets with different formulas are provided during the entire fattening stage:

[0065] Silo 1: Fill with Diet 1, net energy ≥ 2475 Kcal / kg, crude protein 16.5%, standard ileal digestible lysine 1.05%;

[0066] Silo 2: Fill with Diet 3, net energy ≥ 2475 Kcal / kg, crude protein 14.5%, standard ileal digestible lysine 0.78%;

[0067] Silo 3: Fill with Diet 5, net energy ≥ 2475 Kcal / kg, crude protein 10.5%, standard ileal digestible lysine 0.53%.

[0068] S2: Obtain daily pig group data

[0069] Install intelligent monitoring equipment at the entrance and key positions inside the pig house, including high-definition cameras, infrared thermal imaging sensors, and data transmitters. This system is connected to the data processing center, and the weight data of pigs is obtained through infrared temperature sensing technology, which is used as the basis for subsequent data collection.

[0070] When pigs are moving in the pigsty, an infrared thermal imaging sensor scans the pigs. Since there is a certain correlation between the temperature distribution of different parts of the pig's body and its weight (for example, the larger the body volume, the relatively larger the heat dissipation area, and the overall thermal radiation characteristics will be different), through a pre-established mathematical model of infrared thermal imaging characteristics and weight (this model is trained and optimized through a large amount of experimental data and machine learning algorithms), the thermal imaging data of the pigs collected by the infrared thermal imaging sensor is input into the model to calculate the real-time weight data of each pig, and the weight data is transmitted to the data processing center to obtain an average weight data record file

[0071] S3: According to the collected pig group data, the daily rations in different feed towers are mixed in corresponding proportions according to the nutritional requirements of pigs with different weights to feed the growing and finishing pigs

[0072] When the daily rations in different feed towers are mixed, they are mixed based on the digestible lysine index. The calculation formula for the digestible lysine index corresponding to the average weight of the pig group is as follows:

[0073] y = (x 2 / 100000 - 0.0063x + 1.1988) / 100

[0074] y: The percentage content of digestible lysine required in the daily ration;

[0075] x: The average weight of the pig group per day, unit kg;

[0076] Animal experiment:

[0077] Select 1200 finishing pigs weighing about 25 kg, and randomly divide them into 2 treatment groups according to the principle of similar weight and the same sex, with 600 pigs in each treatment. The feeding methods of the two treatment groups are as follows:

[0078] Feeding plan for the control group: The finishing pigs are fed with starter feed when their weight is between 25 and 60 kg, middle pig feed when their weight is between 60 and 90 kg, and big pig feed when their weight is between 90 and 125 kg. The diets of the control group are as follows:

[0079] Starter feed: Net energy ≥ 2475 Kcal / kg, crude protein 16.0%, standard ileal digestible lysine 1.00%.

[0080] Middle pig feed: Net energy ≥ 2475 Kcal / kg, crude protein 14.5%, standard ileal digestible lysine 0.85%.

[0081] Big pig feed: Net energy ≥ 2475 Kcal / kg, crude protein 12.5%, standard ileal digestible lysine 0.70%.

[0082] Feeding plan for the experimental group: The experimental group is fed according to the plan provided in Example 1

[0083] Table 1: Experimental results of animal experiments with different feeding methods in Example 1

[0084] Grouping Control group Experimental group Feeding days / d 119 114 Initial weight / kg 25.56 25.28 Final weight / kg 119.72 121.04 Average daily feed intake (g / day·head) 2310.48 2335.20 Average daily weight gain (g / day·head) 791.26 840.00 Feed-to-gain ratio 2.92 2.78

[0085] From the experimental results in Table 1, it can be seen that when using the method of the present invention to raise growing-finishing pigs, the average daily gain of the experimental group increased by 48.74 g / head·day compared with the control group, the feed-to-meat ratio decreased by 4.79%, and the finishing pigs were sold 5 days earlier, greatly improving the breeding efficiency of growing-finishing pigs.

[0086] Example 2:

[0087] S1: Equip two or more feed towers in the growing-finishing pig house, and load different diets respectively. Five feed towers are equipped in the growing-finishing pig house, and each feed tower is loaded with 5 diets with different nutrient concentrations. The feed tower has the function of automatically adjusting the feeding weight and can automatically adjust the feeding ratio of the diet according to the nutritional needs of the pig group. Five diets with different formulas are provided throughout the fattening stage:

[0088] Diet 1: Net energy ≥ 2475 Kcal / kg, crude protein 16.5%, standard ileal digestible lysine 1.05%;

[0089] Diet 2: Net energy ≥ 2475 Kcal / kg, crude protein 15.5%, standard ileal digestible lysine 0.95%;

[0090] Diet 3: Net energy ≥ 2475 Kcal / kg, crude protein 14.5%, standard ileal digestible lysine 0.80%.

[0091] Diet 4: Net energy ≥ 2475 Kcal / kg, crude protein 12.5%, standard ileal digestible lysine 0.70%;

[0092] Diet 5: Net energy ≥ 2475 Kcal / kg, crude protein 10.5%, standard ileal digestible lysine 0.55%.

[0093] S2: Obtain daily pig group data

[0094] Install intelligent monitoring equipment at the entrance and key internal positions of the pig house, including high-definition cameras, infrared thermal imaging sensors and data transmitters. This system is connected to the data processing center, and the weight data of pigs is obtained through infrared temperature sensing technology, which is used as the basis for subsequent data collection.

[0095] When pigs are moving in the pigsty, an infrared thermal imaging sensor scans the pigs. Since there is a certain correlation between the temperature distribution of different parts of the pig's body and its weight (for example, the larger the body volume, the relatively larger the heat dissipation area, and the overall thermal radiation characteristics will be different), by using a pre-established mathematical model of infrared thermal imaging characteristics and weight (this model is trained and optimized through a large amount of experimental data and machine learning algorithms), the thermal imaging data of the pigs collected by the infrared thermal imaging sensor is input into the model to calculate the real-time weight data of each pig, and the weight data is transmitted to the data processing center to obtain an average weight data record file

[0096] S3: According to the collected pig group data, the daily rations in different feed towers are mixed in corresponding proportions according to the nutritional requirements of pigs with different weights for feeding growing and finishing pigs

[0097] When the daily rations in different feed towers are mixed, they are mixed based on the digestible lysine index. The calculation formula for the digestible lysine index corresponding to the average weight of the pig group is as follows:

[0098] y = (x 2 / 100000 - 0.0063x + 1.1988) / 100

[0099] y: The percentage content of digestible lysine required in the daily ration;

[0100] x: The average weight of the pig group per day, unit kg;

[0101] Animal experiment:

[0102] Select 2000 finishing pigs weighing about 25 kg, and randomly divide them into 2 treatment groups according to the principle of similar weight and the same sex, with 1000 pigs in each treatment. The feeding methods of the two treatment groups are as follows:

[0103] Feeding plan for the control group: The finishing pigs are fed 181 diet when their weight is 25 - 45 kg, 182 diet when their weight is 45 - 65 kg, 183 diet when their weight is 65 - 85 kg, 184 diet when their weight is 85 - 105 kg, and 185 diet when their weight is 105 - 125 kg. The diets of the control group are as follows:

[0104] 181 diet: Net energy ≥ 2475 Kcal / kg, crude protein 16.0%, standard ileal digestible lysine 1.00%.

[0105] 182 diet: Net energy ≥ 2475 Kcal / kg, crude protein 15.5%, standard ileal digestible lysine 0.95%.

[0106] 183 diet: Net energy ≥ 2475 Kcal / kg, crude protein 14.5%, standard ileal digestible lysine 0.80%.

[0107] 184 Diet: Net energy ≥ 2475 Kcal / kg, crude protein 13.5%, standard ileal digestible lysine 0.75%.

[0108] 185 Diet: Net energy ≥ 2475 Kcal / kg, crude protein 11.5%, standard ileal digestible lysine 0.65%.

[0109] Feeding plan for the experimental group: The experimental group was fed according to the plan provided in Example 2.

[0110] Table 2: Results of animal experiments with different feeding methods in Example 2

[0111] Grouping Control group Experimental group Feeding days / d 120 115 Initial weight / kg 26.31 25.87 Final weight / kg 123.72 124.35 Average daily feed intake (g / day·head) 2329.72 2354.96 Average daily weight gain (g / day·head) 811.75 856.35 Feed-to-gain ratio 2.87 2.75

[0112] From the experimental results in Table 2, it can be seen that when using the method of the present invention to raise growing-finishing pigs, the average daily gain of the experimental group increased by 44.60 g / head·day compared with the control group, the feed-to-meat ratio decreased by 4.18%, and the finishing pigs were sold 5 days earlier, greatly improving the breeding efficiency of growing-finishing pigs.

[0113] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention accordingly. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made by using the content of the specification and drawings of the present invention, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, shall be similarly included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent precision nutritional feeding method for growing and fattening pigs, characterized in that: The method comprises: S1: Equip the growing and finishing pig house with two or more feed towers, each loaded with different diets; S2: Obtain daily pig population data; S3: Based on the collected pig herd data, the daily diets in different feed towers are mixed in corresponding proportions according to the nutritional requirements of pigs of different weights to feed the growing and fattening pigs.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The growing and fattening pigs refer to growing and fattening pigs with a body weight of 25 to 125 kg.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The material tower has the function of automatically adjusting the material discharge weight according to demand.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The growing and finishing pig house is equipped with two or more feed towers, which are respectively loaded with different diets, including: In the two or more feed towers equipped in the growing and finishing pig house, the same feed tower is loaded with diets with different nutrient concentrations at different feeding stages.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The growing and finishing pig house is equipped with two or more feed towers, which are respectively loaded with different diets, including: In the two or more feed towers equipped in the growing and fattening pig house, each feed tower is simultaneously loaded with diets with different nutrient concentrations.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The obtaining of daily pig herd data includes: collecting pig herd data daily through pig farming intelligent equipment.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The daily collection of pig herd data through pig farming intelligent equipment includes: The number of pigs and pig weights were collected; The daily average herd weight was calculated based on the number of pigs and the pig weights.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The rations mentioned above refer to 3 to 5 rations provided during the entire fattening period, including: Diet 1: Net energy ≥ 2475Kcal / kg, crude protein 16.5-17.0%, standard ileal digestible lysine ≥ 1.05%; Diet 2: Net energy ≥ 2475Kcal / kg, crude protein 15.3-15.7%, standard ileal digestible lysine ≥ 0.91%; Diet 3: Net energy ≥ 2475Kcal / kg, crude protein 14.3-14.7%, standard ileal digestible lysine ≥ 0.78%; Diet 4: Net energy ≥ 2475 Kcal / kg, crude protein 12.3-12.7%, standard ileal digestible lysine ≥ 0.67%; Diet 5: Net energy ≥2475Kcal / kg, crude protein 10.3~10.7%, standard ileal digestible lysine ≥0.53%.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mixing of the rations in different silos according to the nutritional requirements of the pigs of different weights in the corresponding proportions is carried out in the following manner: When mixing diets from different feed towers, the digestible lysine index is used for mixing. The digestible lysine index corresponding to the average weight of the pig group is calculated as follows: y=(x 2 / 100000-0.0063x+1.1988) / 100 y: percentage content of digestible lysine required in the diet; x: average weight of the pig herd per day, in kg; The formula is calculated based on the nutritional standards of "Nutritional Requirements of Pigs" by the US NRC (2012).

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