Method for effectively preventing and treating damping-off of radix pseudostellariae

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for effectively preventing and treating damping-off of radix pseudostellariae. The method is a method for comprehensively preventing and treating damping-off of radix pseudostellariae by combining medicaments with agricultural measures. The prevention and control method mainly comprises the following steps: 1) soil improvement: improving the soil before planting, increasing the soil fertility, properly applying an organic fertilizer, and controlling the use amounts of a nitrogen fertilizer and a chemical fertilizer at the same time; 2, soil disinfection is conducted on planting compartment surfaces before planting; (3) disinfecting seminal roots; 4, management is enhanced, and air permeability and drainage of the soil are kept; 5) regularly inspecting the plants after seedling emergence, and timely removing infected parts; 6) spraying the plant rhizomes with a pesticide for prevention and control; (7) proper plant spacing and a good ventilation environment are kept. The method has the advantages of being easy and convenient to operate, low in cost and obvious in economic benefit and social benefit, effectively solves the disease problem of damping off of the radix pseudostellariae, can ensure the quality and safety of medicinal materials while increasing the yield of the radix pseudostellariae, and is widely suitable for production and planting of the radix pseudostellariae.

Description

Technical field:

[0001] The invention relates to a method capable of effectively preventing and treating Radix Pseudostellariae Radix Blight, and belongs to the technical field of plant protection and Chinese medicinal material cultivation. Technical background:

[0002] Pseudostellaria heterophylla, also known as children's ginseng, is a perennial herbaceous plant of the genus Pseudostellaria in the Caryophyllaceae family. It is rich in polysaccharides, cyclic peptides and other beneficial ingredients, can effectively protect myocardial tissue, and has the effects of invigorating qi and strengthening the spleen, promoting body fluid and moistening the lungs. It is often used to treat symptoms such as spleen deficiency, fatigue, loss of appetite, weakness after illness, insufficient qi and yin, and dry cough due to lung dryness. Because of its extremely high nutritional value and medicinal value, it is a processing raw material for food, pharmaceutical, health care and other companies, and has a very broad development prospect. Pseudostellaria heterophylla is distributed in many provinces across the country, with Guizhou, Fujian and Anhui being the main planting areas, of which Guizhou's planting area accounts for about 1 / 2 of the country. Guizhou Shibing Pseudostellaria heterophylla obtained the national geographical indication certification trademark in 2013.

[0003] With the continuous deepening of the research on the medicinal value of Pseudostellaria chinensis, its application in the medical field is becoming more and more extensive. It is one of the effective ingredients of many Chinese medicine preparations that have been listed, such as the Jianwei Xiaoshi Tablets of China Resources Jiangzhong Pharmaceutical Group, approved by the National Medicine Standard Z36021464, which is composed of Pseudostellaria chinensis, dried tangerine peel, and Chinese yam, and is used to treat symptoms such as indigestion, abdominal distension, and loss of appetite. Due to its good edible and medicinal effects, the demand for Pseudostellaria chinensis has increased year by year. However, with the expansion of the cultivation area of ​​Pseudostellaria chinensis and the increase in the number of years of continuous cropping, the soil organic matter content and soil fertility have decreased, making various soil-borne diseases increasingly serious, causing the quality and yield of Pseudostellaria chinensis to decline seriously. Among them, Pseudostellaria chinensis blight is one of the main diseases of Pseudostellaria chinensis in Guizhou. The incidence of Pseudostellaria chinensis blight in the field is 10% to 30%, and can reach 40% to 50%. In some production areas, it even reaches more than 60%, resulting in serious yield losses. Moreover, in the process of planting Chinese medicinal materials, a large amount of toxic pesticides and fertilizers are used. Therefore, the quality of Chinese medicinal materials has become a major factor affecting the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine and the safety of people's use of medicines. Therefore, the quality and yield of Pseudostellaria heterophylla are particularly important.

[0004] At present, chemical control is still the main control measure for preventing and controlling Radix Pseudostellariae Rhizoctoniae. Radix Pseudostellariae Rhizoctoniae Rhizoctoniae is mainly caused by Rhizoctonia spp., which may exist in the soil or spread from other infected plants. Continuous cropping will aggravate the occurrence of Radix Pseudostellariae Rhizoctoniae Rhizoctoniae Rhizoctoniae, so the present invention provides a method of combining chemical pesticides with agricultural measures to comprehensively control Radix Pseudostellariae Rhizoctoniae Rhizoctoniae. Summary of the invention:

[0005] Aiming at the problem of the lack of effective technologies for preventing and controlling Rhizoctonia solani on Pseudostellaria heterophylla during the actual production process, the present invention provides an environment-friendly, convenient-to-use integrated control method that can effectively prevent and control Rhizoctonia solani on Pseudostellaria heterophylla, including the following steps:

[0006] 1) Soil improvement: Pseudostellaria heterophylla prefers fertile and well-drained soil. Select soil rich in organic matter, or increase soil nutrients by adding leaf mold, humus soil or organic fertilizer, and at the same time add peat soil to adjust the soil pH value.

[0007] 2) Soil disinfection: Before planting Pseudostellaria heterophylla, ridge the selected plot and spray 500-fold solution of 50% carbendazim for soil disinfection treatment on the bed surface.

[0008] 3) Root tuber disinfection: Disinfect the root tubers of Pseudostellaria heterophylla with chemicals. Mix the seeds with water using the suspension seed coating agent "Xinzun" (4.1% pyraclostrobin + 36.9% thiophanate-methyl) to prevent disease occurrence.

[0009] 4) Strengthen field management: Pseudostellaria heterophylla is not tolerant to waterlogging, so high-ridge planting should be carried out. At the same time, drain the ditch in time after rain to reduce the soil humidity.

[0010] 5) Pseudostellaria heterophylla has relatively high nutritional requirements. It is necessary to have sufficient basal fertilizer and early top dressing, reasonably control the dosage of nitrogen fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, combine the application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, enhance the disease resistance of Pseudostellaria heterophylla, and reduce the occurrence of diseases.

[0011] 6) Regularly check the rhizome part of Pseudostellaria heterophylla after emergence. After finding the affected plants, pull out the diseased plants in time;

[0012] 7) Spray the roots of the diseased plants with 800-fold solution of 3% Guangkuling aqueous agent, or carry out root irrigation with 250 g of 70% dexon diluted with 100 kg of water to prevent and control Rhizoctonia solani on Pseudostellaria heterophylla.

[0013] The present invention has the advantages of simple operation and low cost, combining economic and social benefits. It effectively solves the problem of Rhizoctonia solani disease on Pseudostellaria heterophylla. While increasing the yield of Pseudostellaria heterophylla, it can ensure the quality and safety of the medicinal materials, is widely suitable for the planting of Pseudostellaria heterophylla medicinal materials, and can be popularized and applied. ① It provides a new method for effectively preventing and controlling Rhizoctonia solani on Pseudostellaria heterophylla, with a control effect of more than 85%, which can effectively control the harm of Rhizoctonia solani on Pseudostellaria heterophylla, solve the problem of unsatisfactory control effect of current Rhizoctonia solani on Pseudostellaria heterophylla, and effectively control the spread of the disease; ② Adopt chemical control combined with agricultural measures to prevent and control Rhizoctonia solani on Pseudostellaria heterophylla. While increasing the yield of Pseudostellaria heterophylla, it can ensure the quality and safety of the medicinal materials and reduce environmental pollution; ④ It has strong practicability, is easy to operate, has low cost, and is easy to be popularized and applied. Specific embodiments:

[0014] The present invention will be further explained below in conjunction with implementation examples, so that ordinary persons in the art can implement it based on referring to this specification. However, the implementation examples do not impose any form of limitation on the present invention.

[0015] Example 1: A field experiment was conducted in the understory Pseudostellaria heterophylla planting base in Chengguan Town, Shibing County, Qiankang Ecological Agriculture Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd., Guizhou Province.

[0016] 1) Select disease-free plants for seed retention: Dig up the rootstocks in the first ten days of October 2021, and select the root tubers with strong and healthy apical buds, intact, plump, uniform in size, and free from pests and diseases as the planting materials.

[0017] 2) Select a slightly sloping field block shaded by trees with a shading degree of about 20 - 40%. Before planting, use 500-fold solution of 50% carbendazim to disinfect the soil on the raised beds.

[0018] 3) Improve soil nutrients by adding leaf mold or humus soil, and at the same time add peat soil to adjust the soil pH value to between 5.6 and 6.6.

[0019] 4) Improve the field permeability, strengthen the management of water and fertilizer, and keep the drainage and irrigation unobstructed: Cultivate in the late November of the same year. Before cultivation, prepare the land and apply base fertilizer according to the conventional method for Pseudostellaria heterophylla cultivation, make beds with a width of 1m and a height of about 25cm, rake and level, and then carry out cultivation.

[0020] 5) After sowing, carry out field management according to the conventional method for Pseudostellaria heterophylla cultivation, keep good ventilation, dig through the drainage and irrigation ditches during the rainy season, and keep the bed surface dry and moist.

[0021] 6) Timely clean and remove diseased plants and residues: After emergence in early spring of the following year, once diseases are found, promptly clean and remove diseased plants, diseased leaves and residues, and burn them centrally to avoid the spread of pathogens.

[0022] 7) Chemical control: In the fields prone to disease and susceptible to disease, once Rhizoctonia solani is found after emergence, spray the roots of the plants with 800-fold solution of 3% Guangkuling aqueous agent, spray once every 7 - 10 days, and spray continuously for 3 times.

[0023] Investigate and statistically analyze the incidence rate and control effect of Rhizoctonia solani after chemical control. The investigation and recording items include the number of diseased plants and the degree of disease, calculate the plant incidence rate, disease index and control effect. Calculate the actual yield at harvest and analyze the control effect.

[0024] In the first ten days of August 2022, the above-ground part of Pseudostellaria heterophylla naturally withered and fell, and harvesting was carried out on a sunny day with yield measurement. The quality all met the requirements of the quality standard of Pseudostellaria heterophylla in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (2015 Edition). The prevention and control method described in the present invention has obvious yield increasing effect. The fresh root yield per mu of Pseudostellaria heterophylla is 450 - 500 kg; the fresh root yield per mu of conventional Pseudostellaria heterophylla cultivation and management method is 400 kg. The method described in the present invention has a yield increase of 12.5% - 25% compared with the conventional cultivation and management method. Using the method described in the present invention, the control rate of Rhizoctonia solani of Pseudostellaria heterophylla is 88% - 92%, and the control effect of the conventional Pseudostellaria heterophylla cultivation and management method is 48% - 60%. Moreover, the Rhizoctonia control method described in the present invention has a certain promoting effect on the growth of Pseudostellaria heterophylla. The withering stage of Pseudostellaria heterophylla is postponed by more than 10 days compared with the conventional cultivation and management method, extending the growth period of Pseudostellaria heterophylla. Therefore, if the method described in the present invention is successfully promoted, it will greatly increase the yield of Pseudostellaria heterophylla and recover the economic losses of medicinal farmers.

[0025] Example 2: A field experiment was carried out in the Pseudostellaria heterophylla planting base in Wangjia Village, Baiduo Township, Shibing County, Guizhou Province. Soil improvement: The soil nutrients were improved by adding leaf mold, humus soil or organic fertilizer, and peat soil was added at the same time to adjust the soil pH value to between 5.6 and 6.6.

[0026] 1) Soil disinfection: Select a slightly sloping field block, and spray disinfect the soil bed surface with 500-fold solution of 50% carbendazim before planting.

[0027] 2) Root tuber disinfection: Select a disease-free seed-retaining field for seed production. Dig up the root tubers in the first ten days of November 2022. Select the root tubers with strong apical buds, intact, plump, uniform in size, and free from diseases and pests as the planting materials, and mix them with water using the "Xinzun" suspension seed coating agent before planting.

[0028] 3) Improve the field permeability, strengthen the water and fertilizer management, and keep the drainage and irrigation unobstructed: Cultivate in early December of the same year. Before cultivation, prepare the land and apply the base fertilizer according to the conventional method of Pseudostellaria heterophylla cultivation, make a bed with a width of 1 m and a height of about 25 cm, rake it loose and level it, and then carry out cultivation.

[0029] 4) After sowing, carry out field management according to the conventional Pseudostellaria heterophylla cultivation method, keep good ventilation, dig through the drainage and irrigation ditches during the rainy season, and keep the bed surface dry and moist.

[0030] 6) Timely clean and remove the diseased plants and diseased residues: Observe in time after the emergence of Pseudostellaria heterophylla in the following year. Once the disease is found, timely clean and remove the diseased plants and burn them centrally.

[0031] 7) Chemical control: In the following year, in the plots with disease incidence and susceptibility, once sporadic occurrence of Rhizoctonia solani is found, spray the roots of diseased plants with 800-fold liquid of 3% Guangkuling aqueous solution, or root-irrigate and evenly spray the leaves of Pseudostellaria heterophylla plants with 250 g of 70% dexon diluted in 100 kg of water. Spray once every 7 - 10 days and use it continuously for 3 times.

[0032] Investigate and statistically analyze the incidence rate and control effect of Rhizoctonia solani on Pseudostellaria heterophylla before and after control. The investigation items include the number of diseased plants and the degree of disease incidence. Calculate the plant incidence rate, disease index and control effect. The observation and investigation adopt the 5-point sampling method. Count the plants of 1 m at each point and calculate their average value. Calculate the actual yield at harvest and analyze the control effect.

[0033] In the first ten days of August 2023, the above-ground part of Pseudostellaria heterophylla naturally withered and fell. Select sunny days for harvesting and yield measurement. The quality all meets the provisions of the quality standard of Pseudostellaria heterophylla in the 2015 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. The fresh root yield per mu of Pseudostellaria heterophylla reaches 550 kg, and the high-yield ones reach 650 kg; the fresh root yield per mu of Pseudostellaria heterophylla by the conventional cultivation and management method is about 400 kg. The control method of the present invention has an obvious yield increase effect, with a yield increase of 37.5% - 62.5% compared with the conventional cultivation and management method. Using the method described in the present invention, the cure rate of Rhizoctonia solani on Pseudostellaria heterophylla is 75% - 89%, and the control effect of the conventional cultivation method of Pseudostellaria heterophylla is 48% - 60%. The control method of the present invention has a certain promoting effect on the growth of Pseudostellaria heterophylla. Therefore, if the method described in the present invention is successfully promoted, it will greatly increase the yield of Pseudostellaria heterophylla and recover the economic losses of drug farmers.

Claims

1. An effective method for preventing and controlling Rhizoctonia solani on Pseudostellaria heterophylla, characterized in that The prevention and control methods are as follows: 1) Soil improvement: Pseudostellaria heterophylla prefers fertile and well-drained soil. Select soil rich in organic matter, or improve soil nutrients by adding leaf mold, humus soil or organic fertilizer. At the same time, add peat soil to adjust the soil pH value. 2) Soil disinfection: Before planting Pseudostellaria heterophylla, after ridging the selected plot, apply a 500-fold solution of 50% carbendazim to spray and disinfect the soil surface of the soil bed. 3) Root tuber disinfection: Disinfect the root tubers of Pseudostellaria heterophylla with chemicals. Use the 40% "Xinzun" (4.1% pyraclostrobin + 36.9% thiophanate-methyl) suspension seed coating agent to mix the seeds with water, and air dry for later use to prevent the occurrence of diseases. 4) Strengthen field management: Pseudostellaria heterophylla is not tolerant to waterlogging. Therefore, high-ridge planting should be carried out, and at the same time, drain the ditch in time after rain to reduce the soil humidity. 5) Pseudostellaria heterophylla has relatively high nutritional requirements. It is necessary to ensure sufficient base fertilizer and early top dressing, reasonably control the dosage of nitrogen fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, combine the application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, enhance the disease resistance of Pseudostellaria heterophylla, and reduce the occurrence of diseases. 6) Regularly check the rhizome part of Pseudostellaria heterophylla. After finding the damaged plants, pull out the diseased plants in time; 7) Apply an 800-fold solution of 3% Guangkuling aqueous agent to spray the diseased plants, or spray with 250 g of 70% dexon mixed with 100 kg of water to prevent and control the damping-off of Pseudostellaria heterophylla.

2. The method according to claim 1 for effectively preventing and controlling Rhizoctonia solani on Pseudostellaria heterophylla, characterized in that: This method is a method for comprehensively preventing and controlling the damping-off of Pseudostellaria heterophylla by combining chemicals and agricultural measures.

3. The method according to claim 1 for effectively preventing and controlling Rhizoctonia solani on Pseudostellaria heterophylla, characterized in that: Improve soil nutrients by adding leaf mold, humus soil or organic fertilizer. At the same time, add peat soil to adjust the soil pH value.

4. The method according to claim 1 for effectively preventing and controlling Rhizoctonia solani on Pseudostellaria heterophylla, characterized in that: Before planting Pseudostellaria heterophylla, apply a 500-fold solution of 50% carbendazim to disinfect the soil surface of the soil bed for the selected plot.

5. The method according to claim 1 for effectively preventing and controlling Rhizoctonia solani on Pseudostellaria heterophylla, characterized in that: Before planting, disinfect the root tubers of Pseudostellaria heterophylla with chemicals, and use the "Xinzun" suspension seed coating agent to mix the seeds with water.

6. The method according to claim 1 for effectively preventing and controlling Rhizoctonia solani on Pseudostellaria heterophylla, characterized in that: Carry out high-ridge planting for Pseudostellaria heterophylla, and drain the ditch in time after rain to reduce the soil humidity.

7. The method according to claim 1 for effectively preventing and controlling Rhizoctonia solani on Pseudostellaria heterophylla, characterized in that: Reasonably control the dosage of nitrogen fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, and combine the application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer.

8. The method according to claim 1 for effectively preventing and controlling Rhizoctonia solani on Pseudostellaria heterophylla, characterized in that: After emergence, regularly check the rhizome part of Pseudostellaria heterophylla. After finding the damaged plants, clean and remove the diseased plants and their residues in time, and burn them centrally to avoid the infection of other plants by the pathogens.

9. The method according to claim 1 for effectively preventing and controlling Rhizoctonia solani on Pseudostellaria heterophylla, characterized in that: Apply an 800-fold solution of 3% Guangkuling aqueous agent to spray the roots of the plants.

10. The method according to claim 1 for effectively preventing and controlling Rhizoctonia solani on Pseudostellaria heterophylla, characterized in that: Apply a 400-fold solution of 70% dexon for root irrigation.

11. The method according to claim 1 for effectively preventing and controlling Rhizoctonia solani on Pseudostellaria heterophylla, characterized in that: For the application of the control chemicals, the application time is to spray once every 7 - 10 days, and use it continuously for 3 times.