Testing device for fully automatically monitoring rock weathering speed under action of capillary water

Abstract

The invention discloses a test device for fully automatically monitoring the rock weathering speed under the action of capillary water, and the device comprises a pedestal, the bottom of which is provided with a moving assembly; the adjustable experiment frame is mounted on the top surface of the base; the water storage container is placed on the top surface of the base and located in the adjustable experiment frame, a permeable stone is placed at the bottom in the water storage container, and a to-be-tested rock is vertically placed at the top of the permeable stone; the data acquisition system comprises a plurality of groups of first acquisition modules and a plurality of groups of second acquisition modules, the first acquisition modules are mounted on the outer wall of the to-be-tested rock, the second acquisition modules are arranged between the to-be-tested rock and the adjustable experiment frame, and the first acquisition modules and the second acquisition modules are connected with the data acquisition unit; and the data collector is connected with the terminal controller. The method has wide application prospects in rock mass weathering speed quantitative judgment and weathering mechanism research in the fields of stone cultural relics, traffic engineering, chamber surrounding rocks and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of rock mechanism research, and in particular to an experimental device for automatically monitoring the weathering rate of rocks under the action of capillary water. Background Art

[0002] Rock weathering is a process in which rocks undergo physical, chemical, and biochemical changes under the action of external forces, which will degrade and even disintegrate the rock structure and mechanical properties, and has an important impact on many fields such as geological disaster prevention, environmental protection, and cultural relics protection. Especially in the protection of stone cultural relics and the ecological restoration of mines, the intensification of rock weathering threatens the ecological environment and cultural heritage. Accurately measuring the rock weathering rate, especially the weathering rate under the action of capillary water, is of great significance for evaluating the weathering process and guiding the protection and restoration work.

[0003] The action of capillary water is a key factor in rock weathering. It will penetrate into the interior of the rock, causing rock expansion, cracking, and dissolution and overflow of chemical components, resulting in structural instability. In humid areas with large seasonal variations, the action of capillary water is more intense and the weathering rate increases significantly. Studying its impact on rock weathering can provide a reference for protection and restoration. However, most of the existing weathering test methods are short-term experimental simulations, with many deficiencies, such as difficult continuous monitoring, long experimental periods, inability to comprehensively simulate the natural complex environment, limited ability to monitor the weathering rate in real time, etc., and cannot meet the needs of fields such as the protection of stone cultural relics and the ecological restoration of mines. Therefore, the present invention proposes an experimental device for automatically monitoring the weathering rate of rocks under the action of capillary water, simulating humid climate conditions, equipped with an automatic monitoring system, which can monitor and record the weathering rate in real time and provide accurate data. Compared with the existing technology, this device is efficient, accurate, and automated, can continuously track the changes in rock weathering, make up for the deficiencies of traditional methods, provide scientific and reliable data for related fields, and has broad application prospects.

[0004] Rock weathering is a process in which rocks in nature undergo physical, chemical, and biochemical changes under the action of external environmental factors (such as water, air, temperature, etc.). Weathering will cause the structure and mechanical properties of rocks to gradually degrade and even disintegrate, and it widely exists in many fields such as geological disasters, environmental protection, and cultural relics protection. Especially in the protection of stone cultural relics and the ecological restoration of mines, the intensification of rock weathering poses a huge threat to the ecological environment and human cultural heritage. Therefore, accurately measuring the rock weathering rate, especially the weathering rate under the action of capillary water, has important theoretical and practical significance for evaluating the weathering process and guiding relevant protection and restoration work.

[0005] Capillary water action is one of the key factors in rock weathering. When there is moisture on the rock surface, capillary water will penetrate into the rock interior through capillary action, carrying water-soluble salts or chemical substances, reacting with the rock, and thus accelerating weathering. The penetration of capillary water not only causes the expansion and cracking of the rock, but also leads to the dissolution and overflow of its chemical components, making the rock structure gradually unstable. In humid areas, the influence of capillary water action is particularly significant. Especially in areas with large seasonal variations, in an environment with large day-night temperature differences and obvious precipitation changes, the action of capillary water is more intense and the weathering rate increases significantly. Therefore, studying the influence of capillary water action on rock weathering can provide a more accurate reference basis for actual protection and restoration work.

[0006] However, most of the existing weathering test methods focus on short-term experimental simulations and mostly use manual operations for monitoring. These methods have the following deficiencies: First, it is difficult to continuously monitor the weathering process, and the experimental period is long; Second, most experimental devices cannot comprehensively simulate the complex environmental conditions in nature, making it difficult to obtain real weathering data; Third, the existing equipment has limited ability to monitor the weathering rate in real time, resulting in the inability to accurately capture the minute changes in the weathering rate. Therefore, the current weathering rate test methods and devices fail to meet the needs of the field of stone cultural relics protection and mine ecological restoration. There is an urgent need for a test device that can monitor the rock weathering rate in real time, continuously, and with high precision, especially the weathering rate under the action of capillary water. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a fully automatic test device for monitoring the rock weathering rate under the action of capillary water to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0008] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following solution: The present invention provides a fully automatic test device for monitoring the rock weathering rate under the action of capillary water, including:

[0009] A base, on the bottom of which a moving component is installed;

[0010] An adjustable experimental rack, which is installed on the top surface of the base;

[0011] A water storage container, which is placed on the top surface of the base and located inside the adjustable experimental rack. A permeable stone is placed at the bottom of the water storage container, and the rock to be tested is placed vertically on the top of the permeable stone;

[0012] A data acquisition system, which includes a first acquisition module and a second acquisition module. A number of groups of the first acquisition module are installed on the outer wall of the rock to be tested, and a number of groups of the second acquisition module are arranged between the rock to be tested and the adjustable experimental rack. Both the first acquisition module and the second acquisition module are connected to a data collector;

[0013] A terminal controller, and the data collector is connected to the terminal controller.

[0014] According to the test device for automatically monitoring the rock weathering rate under the action of capillary water provided by the present invention, the adjustable test rack includes a first clamping plate and a second clamping plate, the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate are arranged opposite to each other, the first clamping plate is slidably connected to the top surface of the base, the second clamping plate is fixedly connected to the top surface of the base, a support is fixedly connected to the top surface of the base, a threaded rod is horizontally threadedly connected to the support, and the end of the threaded rod is rotatably connected to the first clamping plate.

[0015] According to the test device for automatically monitoring the rock weathering rate under the action of capillary water provided by the present invention, the first acquisition module includes a transverse strain gauge, a longitudinal strain gauge and resistivity detection electrodes. The transverse strain gauge and the longitudinal strain gauge are perpendicularly attached to the outer surface of the rock to be tested. The transverse strain gauge and the longitudinal strain gauge are both connected to the resistivity detection electrodes, and the resistivity detection electrodes are connected to the data collector.

[0016] According to the test device for automatically monitoring the rock weathering rate under the action of capillary water provided by the present invention, the second acquisition module includes an installation sleeve. The installation sleeves are respectively and perpendicularly fixedly connected to the inner walls of the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate. A cylindrical probe is slidably connected to the end of the installation sleeve. The end of the cylindrical probe abuts against the outer wall of the rock to be tested. A spring is arranged in the installation sleeve. One end of the spring is fixedly connected to the end of the installation tube and the cylindrical probe. A probe displacement sensor is installed on the cylindrical probe, and the probe displacement sensor is connected to the data collector.

[0017] According to the test device for automatically monitoring the rock weathering rate under the action of capillary water provided by the present invention, scale lines are arranged on the cylindrical probe.

[0018] According to the test device for automatically monitoring the rock weathering rate under the action of capillary water provided by the present invention, a hand crank is fixedly connected to one end of the threaded rod.

[0019] According to the test device for automatically monitoring the rock weathering rate under the action of capillary water provided by the present invention, the support and the second clamping plate are respectively fixed on the top surface of the base through fixing screws.

[0020] According to the test device for automatically monitoring the rock weathering rate under the action of capillary water provided by the present invention, four groups of moving components are installed at the bottom of the base. The four groups of moving components are arranged symmetrically in pairs. The moving component includes a universal wheel. The universal wheel is installed at the bottom of the base, and a brake component is installed on the universal wheel.

[0021] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0022] The present invention can quantitatively observe the stress and strain changes caused by the destruction of the rock structure during the migration process of capillary water, so as to judge the changes in the structure and properties of the rock; it can quantitatively judge the weathering rate of different parts of the rock, determine the weathering stage, and visualize the rock weathering process under the action of capillary water. It has broad application prospects in the quantitative discrimination of rock weathering rate and the research of weathering mechanism in the fields of stone cultural relics, transportation engineering, and surrounding rock of chambers.

[0023] By simulating the humid climate conditions in the natural environment and equipped with a full-automatic monitoring system, the present invention can monitor the changes in the weathering process in real time during the experiment, automatically record the weathering rate, and provide accurate data support for scientific research and applications.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the device of the present invention has the characteristics of high efficiency, accuracy, and automation, can continuously track the weathering changes of rocks under the action of capillary water, makes up for the deficiencies of traditional weathering experimental methods, and especially provides more scientific and reliable weathering rate data for the fields of stone cultural relics protection and mine ecological restoration. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the test device for automatically monitoring the weathering rate of rocks under the action of capillary water of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 It is a top view of the adjustable experimental rack of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the second acquisition module of the present invention.

[0029] Among them, 101, base; 102, terminal controller; 103, data collector; 201, rock to be tested; 202, transverse strain gauge; 203, longitudinal strain gauge; 204, probe displacement stress sensor; 205, spring; 206, cylindrical probe; 207, resistivity detection electrode; 301, first clamping plate; 302, second clamping plate; 303, fixed screw scale; 304, hand crank; 305, bracket; 401, water storage container; 402, permeable stone. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0030] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0031] To make the above objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0032] Referring to Figures 1-3 , the present invention provides a fully automatic test device for monitoring the weathering rate of rocks under the action of capillary water, including:

[0033] A base 101, and a moving component is installed at the bottom of the base 101;

[0034] An adjustable experimental rack, which is installed on the top surface of the base 101;

[0035] A water storage container, which is placed on the top surface of the base 101 and is located inside the adjustable experimental rack. A permeable stone 402 is placed at the inner bottom of the water storage container, and the rock to be tested 201 is placed vertically on the top of the permeable stone 402;

[0036] A data acquisition system, which includes a first acquisition module and a second acquisition module. A number of groups of the first acquisition module are installed on the outer wall of the rock to be tested 201, and a number of groups of the second acquisition module are arranged between the rock to be tested 201 and the adjustable experimental rack. Both the first acquisition module and the second acquisition module are connected to a data collector 103;

[0037] A terminal controller 102, and the data collector 103 is connected to the terminal controller 102.

[0038] In a further optimized solution, the adjustable experimental rack includes a first clamping plate 301 and a second clamping plate 302. The first clamping plate 301 and the second clamping plate 302 are arranged opposite to each other. The first clamping plate 301 is slidably connected to the top surface of the base 101, and the second clamping plate 302 is fixedly connected to the top surface of the base 101. A bracket 305 is fixedly connected to the top surface of the base 101, and a threaded rod is horizontally threadedly connected to the bracket 305. The end of the threaded rod is rotatably connected to the first clamping plate 301.

[0039] During the rotation of the threaded rod, it feeds, pushing the first clamping plate 301 to move in a straight line. A linear track is provided on the base 101, and the first clamping plate 301 is installed on the linear track to ensure its stable sliding.

[0040] For a further optimized solution, the first acquisition module includes a transverse strain gauge 202, a longitudinal strain gauge 203, and a resistivity detection electrode 207. The transverse strain gauge 202 and the longitudinal strain gauge 203 are perpendicularly attached to the outer surface of the rock to be measured 201. Both the transverse strain gauge 202 and the longitudinal strain gauge 203 are connected to the resistivity detection electrode 207, and the resistivity detection electrode 207 is connected to the data collector 103.

[0041] During the experiment, the rock to be measured 201 deforms under the action of capillary water, which causes the transverse strain gauge 202 and the longitudinal strain gauge 203 to deform, thereby causing the resistance value to change. The resistivity detection electrode 207 collects the resistance change value and transmits it to the data collector 103 for recording. Multiple groups of strain gauges are connected in series with the data collector 103 using wires.

[0042] For a further optimized solution, the second acquisition module includes a mounting sleeve. The mounting sleeve is respectively perpendicularly and fixedly connected to the inner walls of the first clamping plate 301 and the second clamping plate 302. A cylindrical probe 206 is slidably connected to the end of the mounting sleeve. The end of the cylindrical probe 206 abuts against the outer wall of the rock to be measured 201. A spring 205 is arranged inside the mounting sleeve. One end of the spring 205 is fixedly connected to the end of the mounting tube and the cylindrical probe 206. A probe displacement sensor is installed on the cylindrical probe 206, and the probe displacement sensor is connected to the data collector 103.

[0043] The displacement amount of the cylindrical probe 206 is detected by the probe displacement sensor, thereby determining the deformation amount at the detection position.

[0044] For a further optimized solution, scale lines are provided on the cylindrical probe 206.

[0045] For a further optimized solution, a hand crank 304 is fixedly connected to one end of the threaded rod.

[0046] For a further optimized solution, the bracket 305 and the second clamping plate 302 are respectively fixed to the top surface of the base 101 by fixing screws.

[0047] For a further optimized solution, four groups of moving components are installed at the bottom of the base 101. The four groups of moving components are arranged symmetrically in pairs. The moving component includes a universal wheel. The universal wheel is installed at the bottom of the base 101, and a braking component is installed on the universal wheel.

[0048] The braking component adopts the existing technology. The setting of the universal wheel enables the device to have sufficient flexibility.

[0049] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on the present invention.

[0050] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various deformations and improvements made by those of ordinary skill in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An experimental device for automatically monitoring the weathering rate of rocks under the action of capillary water, characterized in that, Comprising: A base (101), with a moving component installed at the bottom of the base (101); An adjustable experimental rack, which is installed on the top surface of the base (101); A water storage container, which is placed on the top surface of the base (101) and is located inside the adjustable experimental rack. A permeable stone (402) is placed at the inner bottom of the water storage container, and a rock to be tested (201) is placed vertically on the top of the permeable stone (402); A data acquisition system, which includes a first acquisition module and a second acquisition module. A number of groups of the first acquisition module are installed on the outer wall of the rock to be tested (201), and a number of groups of the second acquisition module are arranged between the rock to be tested (201) and the adjustable experimental rack. Both the first acquisition module and the second acquisition module are connected to a data collector (103); A terminal controller (102), and the data collector (103) is connected to the terminal controller (102).

2. The experimental device for automatically monitoring the weathering rate of rocks under the action of capillary water according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustable experimental rack includes a first clamping plate (301) and a second clamping plate (302). The first clamping plate (301) and the second clamping plate (302) are arranged opposite to each other. The first clamping plate (301) is slidably connected to the top surface of the base (101), and the second clamping plate (302) is fixedly connected to the top surface of the base (101). A bracket (305) is fixedly connected to the top surface of the base (101), and a threaded rod is horizontally threadedly connected to the bracket (305). The end of the threaded rod is rotatably connected to the first clamping plate (301).

3. The experimental device for automatically monitoring the weathering rate of rocks under the action of capillary water according to claim 1, wherein: The first acquisition module includes a transverse strain gauge (202), a longitudinal strain gauge (203), and a resistivity detection electrode (207). The transverse strain gauge (202) and the longitudinal strain gauge (203) are attached to the outer surface of the rock to be tested (201) perpendicularly to each other. The transverse strain gauge (202) and the longitudinal strain gauge (203) are both connected to the resistivity detection electrode (207), and the resistivity detection electrode (207) is connected to the data collector (103).

4. The experimental device for automatically monitoring the weathering rate of rocks under the action of capillary water according to claim 2, wherein: The second acquisition module includes an installation sleeve, which is respectively and perpendicularly fixedly connected to the inner walls of the first clamping plate (301) and the second clamping plate (302). A cylindrical probe (206) is slidably connected to the end of the installation sleeve, and the end of the cylindrical probe (206) abuts against the outer wall of the rock to be tested (201). A spring (205) is arranged inside the installation sleeve. One end of the spring (205) is fixedly connected to the end of the installation tube and the cylindrical probe (206). A probe displacement sensor is installed on the cylindrical probe (206), and the probe displacement sensor is connected to the data collector (103).

5. The experimental device for automatically monitoring the weathering rate of rocks under the action of capillary water according to claim 4, wherein: Scale lines are provided on the cylindrical probe (206).

6. The experimental device for automatically monitoring the weathering rate of rocks under the action of capillary water according to claim 2, characterized in that: A hand crank (304) is fixedly connected to one end of the threaded rod.

7. An experimental device for automatically monitoring the weathering rate of rocks under the action of capillary water according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bracket (305) and the second clamping plate (302) are respectively fixed to the top surface of the base (101) by fixing screws.

8. The experimental device for automatically monitoring the weathering rate of rocks under the action of capillary water according to claim 1, wherein: Four sets of the moving components are installed at the bottom of the base (101), and the four sets of the moving components are arranged symmetrically in pairs. The moving component includes a universal wheel, the universal wheel is installed at the bottom of the base (101), and a braking component is installed on the universal wheel.

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