Method for promoting flower and fruit setting of amomum tsao-ko and application

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of plant planting, in particular to a method for promoting flowering and fruit setting of amomum tsao-ko and application thereof.In the vigorous vegetative growth period, a nutrient solution composed of ammonium sulfate, NAA and GA3 with the proper concentration is adopted, the vigorous vegetative growth period can be effectively prolonged, and therefore flower bud differentiation is inhibited; a nutrient solution B composed of monopotassium phosphate, ABA and BR is sprayed in April, vegetative growth can be effectively broken through to be converted into reproductive growth, flower buds are promoted to be rapidly differentiated and formed when a rainy season comes, the flowering rate can be increased by 28-33%, the yield of the amomum tsao-ko medicinal material can be greatly increased, bumblebees are quantitatively put in the early stage of May, and the pollination rate can be greatly increased; in the blooming period, the nutrient D is spread around the cluster buds, meanwhile, the nutrient solution E is sprayed in a matched mode, and the fruit setting rate can be increased by 8.9%-9.6% compared with the fruit setting rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, and specifically to a method for promoting flower bud formation and fruit setting of tsaoko amomum and its application. Background Art

[0002] Tsaoko amomum (scientific name: Amomum tsaoko Crevost & Lem.), also known as red tsaoko amomum, is a perennial herbaceous plant of the genus Amomum in the family Zingiberaceae. The stems of tsaoko amomum grow in clusters, up to 3 meters high. The whole plant has a pungent aroma, and the underground part is somewhat similar to ginger. The leaves are oblong or narrowly oblong, 40-70 cm long and 10-20 cm wide, smooth and hairless on both sides, without a petiole or with a short petiole. The spike inflorescence is unbranched, 13-18 cm long and about 5 cm wide. Each inflorescence has about 5-30 flowers, which are yellow or red. The capsules are densely arranged, oblong or oblong-elliptic, 2.5-4.5 cm long and about 2 cm wide. When the pericarp is mature, it is red, and turns brown after drying, with obvious longitudinal grooves and ridgelines. The flowering period is from April to June, and the fruiting period is from September to December.

[0003] Tsaoko amomum prefers a warm and humid climate environment and is suitable for growing under sparse forests at an altitude of 1,100-1,800 meters. Under artificial cultivation, there are generally two seedling raising methods for tsaoko amomum: ramet propagation and sowing propagation. Yunnan is the main production area of tsaoko amomum in the country. However, in Yunnan, the rainy season generally comes from early May to mid-May, while the flowering period of tsaoko amomum generally starts in April. During this period, it is very likely that there will be no rain for a long time, resulting in a certain degree of drought, which causes the already differentiated flower buds to not bloom normally, leading to a significant decrease in the flowering rate and fruit setting rate. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for promoting flower bud formation and fruit setting of tsaoko amomum and its application in view of the problems existing in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a method for promoting flower bud formation and fruit setting of tsaoko amomum, the steps include:

[0006] (1) Spraying nutrient solution A at a rate of 40.0-50.0 kg / mu during the peak vegetative growth period in February;

[0007] The nutrient solution A is composed of ammonium sulfate 30.0-40.0 mg / L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 20.0-40.0 mg / L, NAA 2.0-4.0 mg / L, GA3 0.02-0.03 mg / L and BR 0.01-0.02 mg / L;

[0008] (2) Spraying nutrient solution B at a rate of 40.0-50.0 kg / mu during the pre-flowering period in April, and spreading nutrient C at a rate of 100.0-200.0 kg / mu around the cluster buds;

[0009] The nutrient solution B consists of 100.0 - 120.0 mg / L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.5 - 1.8 mg / L of ABA, and 0.02 - 0.03 mg / L of BR;

[0010] The preparation method of the nutrient C is as follows: Take the crushed and dried straw fruit stalks, waste edible mushroom bags, and sugarcane bagasse, mix them evenly in a mass ratio of 3:1:5, prepare 1000 parts, and mix them evenly with 10 parts of carbendazim aqueous solution diluted 50 times and 5 parts of silicone solution diluted 10 times;

[0011] (3) Introduce bumblebees at the initial flowering stage in May, with an introduction amount of 100 - 200 per mu;

[0012] (4) Spread the nutrient D around the cluster buds at a rate of 200.0 - 300.0 kg / mu during the full flowering stage in June;

[0013] The nutrient D consists of 3 parts of potassium sulfate, 10 parts of superphosphate, and 100 parts of waste edible mushroom bags by mass ratio;

[0014] (5) Spray the nutrient solution E at a rate of 40.0 - 50.0 kg / mu during the full flowering stage in June;

[0015] The nutrient solution E consists of 150.0 - 170.0 mg / L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5.0 - 6.0 mg / L of boric acid, 15.0 - 20.0 mg / L of zinc sulfate, and 0.05 - 0.07 mg / L of BR.

[0016] Further, in step (1), the nutrient solution A consists of 35.0 mg / L of ammonium sulfate, 30.0 mg / L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 3.0 mg / L of NAA, 0.025 mg / L of GA3, and 0.015 mg / L of BR.

[0017] Further, in step (2), the nutrient solution B consists of 110.0 mg / L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.7 mg / L of ABA, and 0.025 mg / L of BR.

[0018] Further, in step (4), the waste edible mushroom bags are the mushroom bags of Flammulina velutipes, Morchella esculenta, and / or Agaricus blazei that have fruited.

[0019] Further, in step (5), the nutrient solution E consists of 160.0 mg / L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5.5 mg / L of boric acid, 17.0 mg / L of zinc sulfate, and 0.06 mg / L of BR.

[0020] The beneficial technical effects of the present invention are:

[0021] 1. The present invention adopts a nutrient solution composed of ammonium sulfate, NAA and GA3 of appropriate concentrations during the peak period of vegetative growth, which can effectively prolong the peak period of vegetative growth, thereby inhibiting flower bud differentiation; however, ammonium sulfate, NAA and GA3 are very likely to cause excessive growth of stems and leaves and increase the incidence of diseases and insect pests. The present invention adds potassium dihydrogen phosphate and BR of appropriate concentrations to the nutrient solution A, which can promote vegetative growth and inhibit flower bud differentiation while preventing excessive growth of stems and leaves. On the other hand, the use of BR can also increase the disease resistance of the tsaoko to a certain extent, reduce the incidence of diseases, and be more conducive to the subsequent reproductive growth of the tsaoko.

[0022] 2. The present invention sprays nutrient solution B composed of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ABA and BR in April, which can effectively break the transition from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, and promote the rapid differentiation and formation of flower buds when the rainy season comes. At the same time, the use of nutrient solution B can increase the flowering rate by 28-33 percentage points compared with not using it, which can greatly increase the yield of cardamom medicinal materials.

[0023] 3. The natural pollination method of Tsaoko is generally bee pollination. Our team found that bumblebees and black bees have the highest pollination efficiency. At present, bumblebees can be artificially cultivated, but black bees cannot. Therefore, bumblebees can be quantitatively released in the early stage of flowering in May to greatly improve the pollination rate. At the same time, the more colorful the flowers, the larger the flowers, and the denser the fragrance, the more attractive they are to black bees, bumblebees, and other bees. In April, the present invention sprays nutrient solution B and spreads nutrient C around the Tsaoko clusters, which can make the flowers larger when they bloom in May and June, the colors more colorful, and the fragrance more dense, which can attract bumblebees for pollination, and also attract a large number of black bees and other bees, which is ultimately conducive to improving the pollination rate.

[0024] 4. The spicy taste of the grass fruit, the peel and the seeds are its important components. Generally, the higher the pollination rate, the higher the fruit setting rate. However, pollination does not necessarily mean that the fruit can be set, and it does not necessarily mean that the seeds can be set. The present invention spreads nutrient D around the clustered buds during the flowering period, and sprays nutrient solution E at the same time, which can increase the fruit setting rate by 8.9%-9.6%. At present, its mechanism is still unclear, and it is speculated that nutrient D and nutrient solution E are conducive to the combination of sperm cells and egg cells, and can also promote the synthesis of auxin necessary for the development of the ovary, thereby increasing the fruit setting rate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] A method for promoting flower bud formation and fruit setting of tsaoko, the steps include:

[0028] (1) Spray nutrient solution A at 45.0 kg per mu during the vigorous vegetative growth period in February; nutrient solution A is composed of ammonium sulfate 35.0 mg / L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 30.0 mg / L, NAA 3.0 mg / L, GA3 0.025 mg / L and BR 0.015 mg / L.

[0029] (2) Spray nutrient solution B at 45.0 kg per mu during the pre-flowering period in April, and apply nutrient C at 150.0 kg per mu around the cluster buds;

[0030] Among them, nutrient solution B is composed of potassium dihydrogen phosphate 110.0 mg / L, ABA 1.7 mg / L and BR 0.025 mg / L;

[0031] The preparation method of nutrient C is: take the crushed and dried tsaoko stalks, waste edible mushroom bags, and cane sugar residues, mix them evenly according to the mass ratio of 3:1:5, prepare 1000 parts, and mix them evenly with 10 parts of carbendazim aqueous solution diluted 50 times and 5 parts of organosilicon solution diluted 10 times.

[0032] (3) Introduce bumblebees in early May during the initial flowering period, and the introduction amount per mu is 150 heads;

[0033] (4) Apply nutrient D at 250.0 kg per mu around the cluster buds during the full flowering period in June; nutrient D is composed of potassium sulfate 3 parts, superphosphate 10 parts, and waste Flammulina velutipes mushroom bags 100 parts by mass ratio.

[0034] (5) Spray nutrient solution E at 45.0 kg per mu during the full flowering period in June; nutrient solution E is composed of potassium dihydrogen phosphate 160.0 mg / L, boric acid 5.5 mg / L, zinc sulfate 17.0 mg / L and BR 0.06 mg / L.

[0035] Example 2

[0036] A method for promoting flower bud formation and fruit setting of tsaoko, the steps include:

[0037] (1) Spray nutrient solution A at 40.0 kg per mu during the vigorous vegetative growth period in February; nutrient solution A is composed of ammonium sulfate 30.0 mg / L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 20.0 mg / L, NAA 2.0 mg / L, GA3 0.02 mg / L and BR 0.01 mg / L.

[0038] (2) Spray nutrient solution B at 40.0 kg per mu during the pre-flowering period in April, and apply nutrient C at 100.0 kg per mu around the cluster buds;

[0039] Among them, nutrient solution B is composed of 100.0 mg / L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.5 mg / L of ABA, and 0.02 mg / L of BR;

[0040] The preparation method of nutrient C is as follows: Take the crushed and dried tsaoko stalks, waste edible mushroom bags, and sugarcane bagasse, mix them evenly in a mass ratio of 3:1:5, prepare 1000 parts, and mix them evenly with 10 parts of carbendazim aqueous solution diluted 50 times and 5 parts of organosilicon solution diluted 10 times.

[0041] (3) Introduce bumblebees at the initial flowering stage in May, with an introduction amount of 100 per mu.

[0042] (4) Spread nutrient D at 200.0 kg / mu around the cluster buds during the full flowering stage in June; Nutrient D is composed of 3 parts of potassium sulfate, 10 parts of superphosphate, and 100 parts of waste morel mushroom bags in terms of mass ratio;

[0043] (5) Spray nutrient solution E at 40.0 kg / mu during the full flowering stage in June; Nutrient solution E is composed of 150.0 mg / L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5.0 mg / L of boric acid, 15.0 mg / L of zinc sulfate, and 0.05 mg / L of BR.

[0044] Example 3

[0045] A method for promoting flower bud formation and fruit setting of tsaoko, the steps include:

[0046] (1) Spray nutrient solution A at 50.0 kg / mu during the vigorous vegetative growth stage in February;

[0047] Nutrient solution A is composed of 40.0 mg / L of ammonium sulfate, 40.0 mg / L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 4.0 mg / L of NAA, 0.03 mg / L of GA3, and 0.02 mg / L of BR;

[0048] (2) Spray nutrient solution B at 50.0 kg / mu and spread nutrient C at 200.0 kg / mu around the cluster buds during the pre-flowering stage in April;

[0049] Nutrient solution B is composed of 120.0 mg / L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.8 mg / L of ABA, and 0.03 mg / L of BR;

[0050] The preparation method of nutrient C is as follows: Take the crushed and dried tsaoko stalks, waste edible mushroom bags, and sugarcane bagasse, mix them evenly in a mass ratio of 3:1:5, prepare 1000 parts, and mix them evenly with 10 parts of carbendazim aqueous solution diluted 50 times and 5 parts of organosilicon solution diluted 10 times;

[0051] (3) Introduce bumblebees at the initial flowering stage in May, with an introduction amount of 200 per mu;

[0052] (4) During the full bloom stage in June, apply nutrient D at a rate of 300.0 kg per mu around the cluster buds; nutrient D consists of 3 parts of potassium sulfate, 10 parts of superphosphate, and 100 parts of discarded Agaricus blazei Murill mushroom bags by mass;

[0053] (5) During the full bloom stage in June, spray nutrient solution E at a rate of 50.0 kg per mu; nutrient solution E consists of 170.0 mg / L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 6.0 mg / L of boric acid, 20.0 mg / L of zinc sulfate, and 0.07 mg / L of BR.

[0054] Comparative Example 1

[0055] Successively perform the operations of steps (2), (3), (4), and (5) in Example 1.

[0056] Comparative Example 2

[0057] Successively perform the operations of steps (1), (3), (4), and (5) in Example 1.

[0058] Comparative Example 3

[0059] Successively perform the operations of steps (1), (2), (4), and (5) in Example 1.

[0060] Comparative Example 4

[0061] Successively perform the operations of steps (1), (2), (3), and (5) in Example 1.

[0062] Comparative Example 5

[0063] Successively perform the operations of steps (1), (2), (3), and (4) in Example 1.

[0064] Comparative Example 6

[0065] Manage according to the conventional management method.

[0066] Statistically analyze the flowering rate, fruit setting rate, disease incidence rate, and yield per mu of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-6, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0067] Table 1 Statistical Results

[0068] Flowering rate Fruit setting rate Disease incidence Yield per mu Example 1 87.6% 82.3% 1.8% 353 kg Example 2 89.3% 81.8% 2.3% 359 kg Example 3 84.5% 82.5% 2.4% 358 kg Comparative example 1 65.4% 74.9% 3.6% 316 kg Comparative example 2 55.8% 66.7% 7.4% 308 kg Comparative example 3 84.5% 50.3% 2.1% 297 kg Comparative example 4 83.7% 70.6% 4.2% 314 kg Comparative example 5 85.9% 72.9% 3.6% 325 kg Comparative example 6 43.7% 41.8% 14.7% 286 kg

[0069] Note: The flowering rate described in the present invention refers to the number of flowers per single cluster divided by the number of clusters, the fruit setting rate refers to the number of fruiting spikes divided by the number of flowers, and the disease incidence rate refers to the number of clusters with all non-physiological diseases divided by the total number of clusters.

[0070] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate rather than limit the technical solutions of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications or equivalent replacements can still be made to the present invention, and any modifications or partial replacements without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention shall be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for promoting flower bud formation and fruit setting of tsaoko fruits, characterized in that the steps Including: (1) Spraying nutrient solution A at 40.0 - 50.0 kg / mu during the vigorous vegetative growth period in February; The nutrient solution A is composed of ammonium sulfate 30.0 - 40.0 mg / L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 20.0 - 40.0 mg / L, NAA 2.0 - 4.0 mg / L, GA3 0.02 - 0.03 mg / L, and BR 0.01 - 0.02 mg / L; (2) Spraying nutrient solution B at 40.0 - 50.0 kg / mu in the early flowering stage in April, and spreading nutrient C at 100.0 - 200.0 kg / mu around the cluster buds; The nutrient solution B is composed of potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100.0 - 120.0 mg / L, ABA 1.5 - 1.8 mg / L, and BR 0.02 - 0.03 mg / L; The preparation method of the nutrient C is as follows: Take the crushed and dried tsaoko stalks, waste edible mushroom bags, and sugarcane bagasse, mix them evenly in a mass ratio of 3:1:5, prepare 1000 parts, and mix them evenly with 10 parts of carbendazim aqueous solution diluted 50 times and 5 parts of silicone solution diluted 10 times; (3) Introducing bumblebees in the early flowering stage in May, with the introduction amount of 100 - 200 heads per mu; (4) Spreading nutrient D at 200.0 - 300.0 kg / mu around the cluster buds in the full flowering stage in June; The nutrient D is composed of potassium sulfate 3 parts, superphosphate 10 parts, and waste edible mushroom bags 100 parts in a mass ratio; (5) Spraying nutrient solution E at 40.0 - 50.0 kg / mu in the full flowering stage in June; The nutrient solution E is composed of potassium dihydrogen phosphate 150.0 - 170.0 mg / L, boric acid 5.0 - 6.0 mg / L, zinc sulfate 15.0 - 20.0 mg / L, and BR 0.05 - 0.07 mg / L.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein In step (1), the nutrient solution A is composed of ammonium sulfate 35.0 mg / L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 30.0 mg / L, NAA 3.0 mg / L, GA3 0.025 mg / L, and BR 0.015 mg / L.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein In step (2), the nutrient solution B is composed of potassium dihydrogen phosphate 110.0 mg / L, ABA 1.7 mg / L, and BR 0.025 mg / L.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein In step (4), the waste edible mushroom bags are the mushroom bags of Flammulina velutipes, Morchella esculenta, and / or Agaricus blazei that have fruited.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein In step (5), the nutrient solution E is composed of potassium dihydrogen phosphate 160.0 mg / L, boric acid 5.5 mg / L, zinc sulfate 17.0 mg / L, and BR 0.06 mg / L.

6. Application of the method according to any one of claims 1 - 5 in promoting flower bud formation and fruit setting of tsaoko.