Primary pulmonary artery septal defect preoperative auxiliary quantitative analysis method

Abstract

The invention discloses a preoperative auxiliary quantitative analysis method for main pulmonary artery septal defect, which comprises the following steps: S1, acquiring CT image data of aorta, pulmonary artery and surrounding tissues of a patient, and constructing three-dimensional models of the aorta and the pulmonary artery; s2, performing preoperative artery three-dimensional reconstruction and parameter quantization based on the three-dimensional model obtained in the S1; and S3, on the basis of the parameters obtained in the S2, performing three-dimensional reconstruction and parameter quantification of arteries after four different operations including main suture lung sutures, main suture lung tonification, main tonification lung sutures or main tonification lung tonification. Based on medical image data of a patient, before operative treatment of aortic pulmonary artery septal defects, a virtual simulation method is used for conducting three-dimensional reconstruction on blood vessels of the patient before and after the operation, and then postoperative main pulmonary artery parameters are quantified under the condition that four operation schemes are simulated for the patient; and a doctor is helped to more accurately evaluate the postoperative condition of a patient before an operation so as to select an optimal operation scheme.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of new generation information technology, especially the field of assisted medical treatment, and specifically relates to a preoperative assisted quantitative analysis method for aortopulmonary septal defect surgery. Background Art

[0002] Congenital heart disease (hereinafter referred to as CHD) is one of the most common congenital defects. Among them, aortopulmonary septal defect (APSD) is an extremely rare condition (such as Figure 1 ). Each year, a large number of children with CHD are born in our country, and 80% of them need surgical treatment. Surgical operation is an important means for treating APSD, but the current surgical mortality rate is relatively high. The main causes of death are severe pulmonary hypertension and low cardiac output syndrome. Therefore, how to reduce the surgical mortality rate and improve the surgical treatment effect has become an urgent problem to be solved.

[0003] With the continuous development of computer technology, the application of computer-assisted surgery (CAS) in cardiovascular research has become more and more extensive. CAS can help doctors conduct detailed quantitative evaluations before surgery, simulate and quantify the parameter changes after surgery, so as to optimize the surgical plan and improve the surgical success rate. For patients with APSD, CAS can model the diseased part before surgery, and study the effects of different surgical plans through virtual simulation, providing reference for doctors to select appropriate surgical plans.

[0004] Aortopulmonary septal defect (APSD), also known as aortopulmonary window (APW), is a rare congenital defect caused by the failure of the fusion of the anterior and posterior leaf ridges that are responsible for dividing the ductus arteriosus into the aorta and the pulmonary artery. It is a relatively rare heart malformation, accounting for about 0.2% of all congenital heart diseases. Patients will show symptoms consistent with left-to-right shunt and heart failure symptoms in the first few weeks after birth, and the manifestations of the defect will vary depending on the size of the window and other related defects. The selection of an individualized surgical plan is an important influencing factor determining the quality of the surgical effect.

[0005] At present, the surgical plans for APSD have gradually matured, mainly including methods such as direct ligation method, patch method, resection and patching method, etc. In addition to the above three mainstream surgical plans, a catheter occluder can also be used to occlude the arterial septum. The selection of these methods mainly depends on the size and location of the patient's defect. However, during the operation, doctors often divide the aorta and the pulmonary artery only based on experience, which may lead to the inability of the patient's blood flow to return to the normal state after surgery, increasing the risk of pulmonary hypertension or low cardiac output syndrome.

[0006] Traditional surgical techniques include the repair of simple pulmonary artery windows and the repair of aortopulmonary windows with interrupted aortic arches. For simple aortopulmonary windows, the defect can be repaired by making incisions in the window itself, the aorta, or through the pulmonary artery. The ideal method is to operate through the window because it allows for easy assessment of the origin of the coronary arteries and placement of the patch at the site of abnormal coronary artery origin to integrate it into the aorta. A continuous suture technique is used to close the defect with a properly sized polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), autologous glutaraldehyde-fixed pericardium, or allograft material. The surgery for aortopulmonary windows with interrupted aortic arches is more complex and requires reconstruction of the aortic arch. After establishing cardiopulmonary bypass and clamping the branch pulmonary arteries, the patient's body temperature is lowered to the target bladder temperature. The aortic arch, head vessels, ductus arteriosus, and proximal descending aorta are dissected. After reaching the target temperature and establishing cardiac arrest, reconstruction of the aortic arch is performed, and the window is reinforced with a patch. The traditional surgical procedure for aortopulmonary septal defects is complex and time-consuming, and major blood vessels or semilunar valves may be damaged during the repair process. There may be a risk of aortic coarctation or pulmonary stenosis after the operation.

[0007] To make up for this deficiency, researchers have tried to use computer-assisted surgery for preoperative assessment, but there are still some drawbacks: First, the existing three-dimensional reconstruction and virtual simulation technologies are still limited to three-dimensional visualization, which cannot achieve the function of preoperative assistance in quantifying postoperative effects, and they ignore the characteristics of elastic deformation of blood vessels after surgery. Second, most of the existing technical solutions focus on the research of common cardiovascular diseases, and there is less attention paid to rare diseases such as APSD, lacking targeted preoperative assessment methods. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In view of the problems existing in the background technology, the present invention uses computer-assisted surgery for preoperative assessment and conducts three-dimensional reconstruction and virtual simulation research based on the patient's medical image data, such as CT images. By simulating the effects of different surgical plans, doctors can more intuitively understand the changes in the postoperative blood vessel morphology before the operation, so as to select a suitable surgical plan before the operation.

[0009] Technical Solution:

[0010] A method for preoperative assisted quantitative analysis of aortopulmonary septal defect surgery, which includes the following steps:

[0011] S1. Obtain CT image data of the patient's aorta, pulmonary artery, and surrounding tissues, and construct three-dimensional models of the aorta and pulmonary artery;

[0012] S2. Based on the three-dimensional models obtained in S1, perform three-dimensional reconstruction and parameter quantification of the arteries before the operation, including determining:

[0013] The pre-operative separation points of the aorta and pulmonary artery, denoted as PS1 and PS2;

[0014] The preoperative areas of the aorta and pulmonary artery are denoted as SA_b and SP_b;

[0015] The preoperative volumes of the aorta and pulmonary artery are denoted as VA_b and VP_b;

[0016] The preoperative volumes of the aorta and pulmonary artery after smoothing are denoted as VA_sb and VP_sb;

[0017] S3. Based on the various parameters obtained in S2, perform three-dimensional reconstruction and parameter quantification of the artery after four different surgeries: main suture - lung suture, main suture - lung patch, main patch - lung suture, or main patch - lung patch.

[0018] Preferably, the specific steps of S1 are as follows:

[0019] S1 - 1. Preprocess the image data to eliminate noise and interference;

[0020] S1 - 2. Manually extract the coordinates of the main and pulmonary arteries to obtain the contours of the double arteries in each layer;

[0021] S1 - 3. Smooth each layer of CT images; reconstruct the arteries to simulate the real human arteries and obtain the three - dimensional models of the aorta and pulmonary artery.

[0022] Preferably, in S3, the three - dimensional reconstruction and parameter quantification of the artery after the main suture - lung suture surgery include the following steps:

[0023] (1) First, divide the extracted original artery coordinate set into the aorta set and the pulmonary artery set according to the cutting points PS1 and PS2, and store the segmented artery coordinates respectively. The cutting points PS1 and PS2 are the end points PE1 and PE2; then determine the key point PK1, which is the intersection of the perpendicular bisector of the line segment with PS1 and PS2 as the end points and the artery edge.

[0024] (2) Quantify the parameters of the aorta and pulmonary artery after the main suture - lung suture surgery;

[0025] (3) Reconstruct the three - dimensional models of the aorta and pulmonary artery after the surgery, and calculate the parameters of the artery after smoothing after the surgery,

[0026] Specifically include:

[0027] Reconstruct the main pulmonary artery: Make rotational changes to the coordinates of the aorta and pulmonary artery respectively. Rotate the blood vessel segment from PS1 to PK1 clockwise around PK1 to make PS1 coincide with PS2, and update the coordinate set; then smooth the changed coordinate set, and use the surface model method to obtain the three - dimensional models of the aorta and pulmonary artery after the surgery;

[0028] Parameter quantification after smoothing: Quantify the parameters of the main pulmonary artery after the main suture - lung suture surgery after smoothing.

[0029] Specifically, the quantification process of the parameters after the main suture and pulmonary suture is as follows:

[0030] ① Calculate the maximum volume VA_emax of the aorta after the main suture and pulmonary suture

[0031] Based on the aortic coordinates, use the perimeter formula to obtain the postoperative perimeter CA_e of the aorta for each section;

[0032] Based on the postoperative perimeter CA_e of the aorta, use the maximum area formula to obtain the maximum area SA_emax of each section;

[0033] Based on the maximum area SA_emax, use the volume formula to obtain the maximum volume VA_emax;

[0034] ② Calculate the minimum volume VA_emin of the aorta after the main suture and pulmonary suture

[0035] Substitute the PS1, PS2, and PK1 coordinates into the area formula to obtain the area SA_tri of the triangle with PS1, PS2, and PK1 as vertices;

[0036] The preoperative minimum area SA_bmin = SA_b - SA_tri. Substitute SA_bmin of each section into the volume formula to obtain the minimum volume VA_emin;

[0037] ③ Calculate the maximum volume VP_emax of the pulmonary artery after the main suture and pulmonary suture

[0038] Based on the pulmonary artery coordinates, use the perimeter formula to obtain the postoperative perimeter CP_e of the pulmonary artery for each section;

[0039] Based on the postoperative perimeter CP_e of the pulmonary artery, use the maximum area formula to obtain the maximum area SP_emax of each section;

[0040] Based on the maximum area SP_emax, use the volume formula to obtain the maximum volume VP_emax;

[0041] ④ Calculate the minimum volume VP_emin of the pulmonary artery after the main suture and pulmonary suture

[0042] Substitute the PS1, PS2, and PK1 coordinates into the area formula to obtain the area SP_tri of the triangle with PS1, PS2, and PK1 as vertices;

[0043] The preoperative minimum area SP_bmin = SP_b - SP_tri. Substitute SP_bmin of each section into the volume formula to obtain the minimum volume VP_emin.

[0044] Specifically, in S3, the three-dimensional reconstruction and parameter quantification of the artery after the main suture and pulmonary repair include the following steps:

[0045] (1) First, divide the extracted original arterial coordinate set into the aortic set and the pulmonary arterial set according to the cutting points PS1 and PS2, and store the segmented arterial coordinates separately. The cutting points PS1 and PS2 are the end points PE1 and PE2. The straight-line distance between PS1 and PS2 is the length d of the artificial patch;

[0046] (2) Quantify the parameters of the aorta and pulmonary artery after the main suture and pulmonary patch operation;

[0047] (3) Reconstruct the three-dimensional models of the aorta and pulmonary artery after the operation, and calculate the postoperative arterial parameters after smoothing,

[0048] Specifically include:

[0049] Reconstruct the aorta: Make a rotational transformation of the coordinates of the aorta. Rotate the blood vessel segment from PS1 to PK1 clockwise around PK1 to make PS1 coincide with PS2, and update the coordinate set; then perform a smoothing process on the transformed coordinate set, and use the surface model method to obtain the three-dimensional model of the aorta after the operation;

[0050] Reconstruct the pulmonary artery: Use the updated coordinate set, and use the surface model method to obtain the three-dimensional model of the pulmonary artery after the operation;

[0051] Quantify the parameters after smoothing: Quantify the parameters of the main pulmonary artery after the main suture and pulmonary patch operation after smoothing.

[0052] Specifically, the quantification process of the parameters after the main suture and pulmonary patch operation is as follows:

[0053] ① Calculate the maximum volume VA_emax of the aorta after the main suture and pulmonary patch operation

[0054] Based on the aortic coordinates, use the perimeter formula to obtain the postoperative perimeter CA_e of the aorta for each section;

[0055] Based on the postoperative perimeter CA_e of the aorta, use the maximum area formula to obtain the maximum area SA_emax of each section;

[0056] Based on the maximum area SA_emax, use the volume formula to obtain the maximum volume VA_emax;

[0057] ② Calculate the minimum volume VA_emin of the aorta after the main suture and pulmonary patch operation

[0058] Substitute the coordinates of PS1, PS2, and PK1 into the area formula to obtain the area SA_tri of the triangle with PS1, PS2, and PK1 as vertices;

[0059] The preoperative minimum area SA_bmin = SA_b - SA_tri. Substitute SA_bmin of each section into the volume formula to obtain the minimum volume VA_emin;

[0060] ③ Calculate the maximum volume VP_emax of the pulmonary artery after the main suture pulmonary repair

[0061] Determine the cutting sites PS1 and PS2. After connecting PS1 and PS2, the cross-section of the blood vessel forms a closed polygon. Add the coordinates of PS1, which is at the beginning of the coordinate set, to the end of the coordinate set;

[0062] Based on the coordinates, using the perimeter formula, the postoperative perimeter CP_e is obtained;

[0063] Based on the postoperative perimeter CP_e of the pulmonary artery, the maximum area SP_emax of each cross-section is obtained using the maximum area formula;

[0064] Based on the maximum area SP_emax, the maximum volume VP_emax is obtained using the volume formula;

[0065] ④ Calculate the minimum volume VP_emin of the pulmonary artery after the main suture pulmonary repair

[0066] Based on the new coordinate set, using the area formula, the minimum area SP_emin is obtained;

[0067] Based on the minimum area SP_emin, the minimum volume VP_emin is obtained using the volume formula.

[0068] Specifically, in S3, the three-dimensional reconstruction and parameter quantification of the artery after the main pulmonary repair surgery include the following steps:

[0069] (1) First, divide the extracted original artery coordinate set into an aorta set and a pulmonary artery set according to the cutting sites PS1 and PS2, and store the segmented artery coordinates separately. Then determine PE3, where PE3 is the midpoint of the line segment with PE1 and PE2 as endpoints. PS1 and PS2 are the intersections of the line segments PE3PE1 and PE3PE2 with the pulmonary artery wall after rotating a certain angle around PE1 and PE2 respectively;

[0070] (2) Quantify the parameters of the aorta and pulmonary artery after the main pulmonary repair surgery;

[0071] (3) Reconstruct the three-dimensional models of the aorta and pulmonary artery after surgery, and calculate the parameters of the artery after smoothing,

[0072] Specifically, it includes:

[0073] Reconstruct the aorta: First, perform a rotation transformation on the coordinates in step one. Rotate the blood vessel segment PE1PS1 around PE1 and the blood vessel segment PE2PS2 around PE2 to make PS1 and PS2 coincide near the point PE3. Record the coordinate set at this time. Then perform a smoothing process on the transformed coordinate set, and use the surface model method to obtain the three-dimensional model of the aorta after surgery;

[0074] Reconstruction of the pulmonary artery: Rotate the coordinates of the pulmonary artery. Rotate the blood vessels from PS1 to PK1 clockwise around PK1 to make PS1 coincide with PS2, and update the coordinate set. Then, smooth the changed coordinate set, and use the surface model method to obtain the three-dimensional model of the postoperative pulmonary artery.

[0075] Quantification of parameters after smoothing: Quantify the parameters of the main pulmonary artery after the main and supplementary pulmonary suture.

[0076] Specifically, the quantification process of the parameters after the main and supplementary pulmonary suture is as follows:

[0077] ① Calculate the maximum volume VA_emax of the aorta after the main and supplementary pulmonary suture

[0078] Based on the coordinates of the aorta, use the perimeter formula to obtain the postoperative perimeter CA_e of the aorta for each section.

[0079] Based on the postoperative perimeter CA_e of the aorta, use the maximum area formula to obtain the maximum area SA_emax of each section.

[0080] Based on the maximum area SA_emax, use the volume formula to obtain the maximum volume VA_emax.

[0081] ② Calculate the minimum volume VA_emin of the aorta after the main and supplementary pulmonary suture

[0082] The minimum area after the aorta operation is the area of the closed figure formed by connecting PE1 and PE2.

[0083] The coordinate set only retains the coordinates of the blood vessels from PE1 to PE2, and adds the coordinates of the first PE1 point to the end. Based on this coordinate, use the area formula to obtain the minimum area SA_emin.

[0084] Based on the minimum area, use the volume formula to obtain the minimum volume VA_emin.

[0085] ③ Calculate the maximum volume VP_emax of the pulmonary artery after the main and supplementary pulmonary suture

[0086] Based on the coordinates of the pulmonary artery, use the perimeter formula to obtain the postoperative perimeter CP_e of the pulmonary artery for each section.

[0087] Based on the postoperative perimeter CP_e of the pulmonary artery, use the maximum area formula to obtain the maximum area SP_emax of each section.

[0088] Based on the maximum area SP_emax, use the volume formula to obtain the maximum volume VP_emax.

[0089] ④ Calculate the minimum volume VP_emin of the pulmonary artery after the main and supplementary pulmonary suture

[0090] Substitute the coordinates of PS1, PS2, and PK1 into the area formula to obtain the area SP_tri of the triangle with PS1, PS2, and PK1 as vertices.

[0091] The minimum preoperative area SP_bmin = SP_b - SP_tri. Substitute the SP_bmin of each section into the volume formula to obtain the minimum volume VP_emin.

[0092] Specifically, in S3, the three-dimensional reconstruction and parameter quantification of the artery after the main pulmonary artery repair include the following steps:

[0093] (1) First, divide the extracted original artery coordinate set into the aorta set and the pulmonary artery set according to the cutting points PS1 and PS2, and store the segmented artery coordinates separately. Then determine PE3, which is the midpoint of the line segment with PE1 and PE2 as endpoints. PS1 and PS2 are the intersection points of the line segments PE3PE1 and PE3PE2 with the pulmonary artery wall after rotating a certain angle around PE1 and PE2 respectively.

[0094] (2) Quantify the parameters of the aorta and pulmonary artery after the main pulmonary artery repair.

[0095] (3) Reconstruct the three-dimensional models of the aorta and pulmonary artery after the operation, and calculate the parameters of the artery after smoothing.

[0096] Specifically, it includes:

[0097] Reconstruct the aorta: First, perform a rotation transformation on the coordinates in step one. Rotate the blood vessel segment of PE1PS1 around PE1, and rotate the blood vessel segment of PE2PS2 around PE2 to make PS1 and PS2 coincide near the PE3 point. Record the coordinate set at this time. Then perform a smoothing process on the transformed coordinate set, and use the surface model method to obtain the three-dimensional model of the aorta after the operation.

[0098] Reconstruct the pulmonary artery: Use the updated coordinate set, and use the surface model method to obtain the three-dimensional model of the pulmonary artery after the operation.

[0099] Parameter quantification after smoothing: Quantify the parameters of the main pulmonary artery after smoothing the main pulmonary artery repair.

[0100] Specifically, the quantification process of the parameters after the main pulmonary artery repair is as follows:

[0101] ① Calculate the maximum volume VA_emax of the aorta after the main pulmonary artery repair.

[0102] Based on the aorta coordinates, use the perimeter formula to obtain the postoperative perimeter CA_e of the aorta for each section.

[0103] Based on the postoperative perimeter CA_e of the aorta, use the maximum area formula to obtain the maximum area SA_emax of each section.

[0104] Based on the maximum area SA_emax, the maximum volume VA_emax is obtained using the volume formula;

[0105] ② Calculate the minimum volume VA_emin of the aorta after the main pulmonary repair

[0106] The minimum area after aortic surgery is the area of the closed figure formed by connecting PE1 and PE2;

[0107] The coordinate set only retains the coordinates of the blood vessel segment from PE1 to PE2, and adds the coordinates of the first PE1 point to the end. Based on these coordinates, the minimum area SA_emin is obtained using the area formula;

[0108] Based on the minimum area, the minimum volume VA_emin is obtained using the volume formula;

[0109] ③ Calculate the maximum volume VP_emax of the pulmonary artery after the main pulmonary repair

[0110] Determine the cutting sites PS1 and PS2. After connecting PS1 and PS2, the cross-section of the blood vessel forms a closed polygon. Add the coordinates of PS1 at the beginning of the coordinate set to the end;

[0111] Based on the coordinates, using the perimeter formula, the postoperative perimeter CP_e is obtained;

[0112] Based on the postoperative perimeter CP_e of the pulmonary artery, the maximum area SP_emax of each cross-section is obtained using the maximum area formula;

[0113] Based on the maximum area SP_emax, the maximum volume VP_emax is obtained using the volume formula;

[0114] ④ Calculate the minimum volume VP_emin of the pulmonary artery after the main pulmonary repair

[0115] Based on the new coordinate set, using the area formula, the minimum area SP_emin is obtained;

[0116] Based on the minimum area SP_emin, the minimum volume VP_emin is obtained using the volume formula.

[0117] Where:

[0118] (1) The calculation formula for the perimeter C of the arterial cross-section is as follows:

[0119]

[0120] Where x i and y i are the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the artery respectively, and n is the number of artery coordinates;

[0121] (2) The formula for calculating the arterial volume V is as follows:

[0122]

[0123] Where S i is the cross-sectional area and m is the number of slices.

[0124] (3) The formula for calculating the arterial cross-sectional area S1 is as follows:

[0125]

[0126] Where x n+1 = x1, y n+1 = y1, x i , y i are the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the artery respectively, and n is the number of artery coordinates;

[0127] (4) The formula for calculating the maximum arterial cross-sectional area S2 is as follows:

[0128] S2 = C 2 / 4 * π

[0129] Where C represents the circumference of the arterial cross-section.

[0130] Advantages of the present invention

[0131] Based on the medical image data of the patient, before surgical treatment of aortic-pulmonary septal defect, the present invention uses virtual simulation method to perform three-dimensional reconstruction of the patient's blood vessels before and after surgery, and then quantifies the postoperative main pulmonary artery parameters of the patient under four simulated surgical plans, helping doctors to more accurately evaluate the postoperative situation of the patient before surgery to select the optimal surgical plan. Compared with the prior art, it has the following advantages:

[0132] (1) In traditional aortic-pulmonary septal defect (APSD) surgery, doctors often rely on experience to divide the aorta and pulmonary artery, which may lead to the inability of the patient's blood flow to return to the normal state after surgery, and then cause serious complications such as pulmonary hypertension or low cardiac output syndrome. To overcome this defect, the present invention innovatively introduces computer-aided surgery (CAS) technology, using computer technology to provide assistance, guidance and control during the surgery, so as to help doctors complete the surgical operation more accurately.

[0133] (2) The invention details the key role of three-dimensional medical image reconstruction technology in computer-aided surgery. This technology can transform two-dimensional medical images into high-quality three-dimensional models, enabling doctors to stereoscopically observe and analyze the size of the defect in APSD patients and the surrounding tissue structures. Compared with traditional two-dimensional images, the three-dimensional models provide more intuitive, comprehensive, and accurate information, helping doctors better understand the patient's condition and formulate and adjust surgical plans.

[0134] (3) The invention proposes a pre-operative and post-operative quantitative analysis method for APSD. By three-dimensionally modeling the diseased part, simulating and quantifying the parameter changes after surgery, it provides pre-operative and post-operative result references for doctors to select appropriate surgical plans. This method not only makes up for the deficiency of doctors performing surgery solely based on experience but also achieves more precise surgical treatment, improving the success rate of surgery and the treatment effect of patients.

[0135] (4) The invention conducts detailed personalized modeling based on the medical image information of specific patients and repairs the models to simulate real human tissues. After establishing a real three-dimensional model, virtual simulation is carried out according to different pre-proposed surgical plans, simulating the situation of the patient after each surgical plan, and quantifying the parameters. This method can greatly reduce the risks and uncertainties during surgery, improving the safety and reliability of surgery. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0136] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the normal part of the aorta-pulmonary artery and the ventricular septal defect part shown by CT images.

[0137] Figure 2 Two-dimensional schematic diagram of the aorta for the main suture and pulmonary suture plan.

[0138] Figure 3 Two-dimensional schematic diagram of the pulmonary artery for the main suture and pulmonary patch plan.

[0139] Figure 4 Two-dimensional schematic diagram of the aorta for the main patch and pulmonary suture plan.

[0140] Figure 5 Two-dimensional schematic diagram of the pulmonary artery for the main patch and pulmonary suture plan.

[0141] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional models of the aorta and pulmonary artery of APSD patients.

[0142] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional models before and after the main suture and pulmonary suture.

[0143] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional models before and after the main suture and pulmonary patch.

[0144] Figure 9It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional model before and after the main pulmonary artery suture operation.

[0145] Figure 10 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional model before and after the main pulmonary artery repair operation.

[0146] Figure 11 It is a schematic diagram of the maximum percentage change in the volume of the aorta after the operation.

[0147] Figure 12 It is a schematic diagram of the minimum percentage change in the volume of the aorta after the operation.

[0148] Figure 13 It is a schematic diagram of the maximum percentage change in the volume of the pulmonary artery after the operation.

[0149] Figure 14 It is a schematic diagram of the minimum percentage change in the volume of the pulmonary artery after the operation. Detailed implementation method

[0150] The content of this embodiment is to calculate the preoperative parameters of the main pulmonary artery of the patient, as well as the postoperative parameters of the main pulmonary artery under four different schemes, and compare the quantitative results before and after different schemes.

[0151] This method first obtains the CT image data of the aorta, pulmonary artery and related tissues of a patient (from Nanjing Children's Hospital). Secondly, the arterial coordinates are segmented and extracted, and the pre-operative separation points of the aorta and pulmonary artery are denoted as PS1 and PS2. Then, the preoperative areas of the aorta and pulmonary artery are calculated respectively, denoted as SA_b and SP_b. According to the area and the length of the blood vessel, the preoperative volumes of the aorta and pulmonary artery can be calculated respectively, denoted as VA_b and VP_b. In order to simulate a more realistic human blood vessel, this method also provides a smooth optimization process for the arterial contour, and the preoperative volumes of the aorta and pulmonary artery after smoothing can be calculated respectively, denoted as VA_sb and VP_sb. Finally, the postoperative parameters are quantified according to different surgical schemes.

[0152] This method selects a total of four surgical schemes for comparative experiments. For the first scheme, both the aorta and the pulmonary artery are selected for the direct ligation method, simply referred to as main suture and pulmonary suture. Briefly speaking, it is to directly suture after separating the aorta and the pulmonary artery. Taking the aorta as an example, the steps of this surgical scheme are as follows:

[0153] The first step is to determine the cutting sites PS1, PS2 and the key point PK1 according to the endpoints PE1, PE2 (as Figure 2 shown). First, determine PS1 and PS2. Since both the aorta and the pulmonary artery are selected for direct ligation, the cutting sites PS1 and PS2 are the endpoints PE1 and PE2. Then determine the key point PK1. PK1 is the intersection point of the perpendicular bisector of the line segment with PS1 and PS2 as endpoints and the arterial edge, which is involved in the calculation of the minimum volume after subsequent blood vessel suture;

[0154] In the second step, calculate the maximum volume of the postoperative blood vessel. First, calculate the perimeter of the aorta after suturing, denoted as CA_e. Then, calculate the area of the circle with CA_e as the perimeter, denoted as SA_emax, which is the maximum possible cross-sectional area of the blood vessel. Finally, based on the area SA_emax, the maximum volume after suturing the two blood vessels can be calculated, denoted as VA_emax respectively;

[0155] In the third step, calculate the minimum volume of the postoperative blood vessel. First, calculate the area of the triangle formed by points PS1, PS2, and PK1. When PK1 is on the aorta, the area of this triangle is denoted as SA_tri, and when PK1 is on the pulmonary artery, the area of this triangle is denoted as SP_tri. Then, subtract the area of the triangle from the preoperative area to obtain the minimum area of the aorta, denoted as SA_bmin. Finally, based on the minimum area, the minimum volume is obtained, denoted as VA_emin.

[0156] In the last step, according to the above method, calculate the maximum volume and minimum volume after suturing the smoothed blood vessels respectively. The process of pulmonary artery parameter quantification is exactly the same as that of the aorta.

[0157] For the second scheme, the direct ligation method is selected for the aorta and the patch method is selected for the pulmonary artery, abbreviated as main suture and pulmonary patch. In this scheme, after directly separating the aorta and the pulmonary artery, the aorta is directly sutured, while the pulmonary artery is repaired with an artificial patch for the defect. Since in this scheme, the direct ligation method for the aorta is the same as that in the main suture and pulmonary suture scheme, and the calculation method is also the same. Therefore, according to the results of the direct ligation method of the aorta in the main suture and pulmonary suture, we can directly obtain the range of parameter changes of the aorta after surgery in the main suture and pulmonary patch, but the method of calculating the postoperative parameters of the pulmonary artery has changed. Next, how to determine the range of parameter changes of the pulmonary artery after surgery in this scheme will be introduced:

[0158] In the first step, according to the endpoints PE1 and PE2, determine the cutting sites PS1 and PS2, and then determine the length of the artificial patch according to PS1 and PS2 (as Figure 3 shown). First, determine PS1 and PS2. Since the aorta and the pulmonary artery are directly separated, the cutting sites PS1 and PS2 are the endpoints PE1 and PE2. The straight-line distance from PS1 to PS2 is the length d of the artificial patch;

[0159] In the second step, calculate the maximum volume of the postoperative blood vessel. First, calculate the perimeter of the closed figure formed by connecting PS1 and PS2, denoted as CP_e. Then, calculate the area of the circle with CP_e as the perimeter, denoted as SP_emax, which is the maximum cross-sectional area of the blood vessel. Finally, based on the area SP_emax, the maximum volume after repairing the pulmonary artery with an artificial patch can be obtained, denoted as VP_emax respectively;

[0160] The third step is to calculate the minimum volume of the postoperative blood vessel. First, calculate the area of the polygon formed by connecting PS1 and PS2, which is the minimum area, denoted as SP_emin. Finally, obtain the minimum volume based on the minimum area, denoted as VP_emin.

[0161] The last step is to calculate the maximum volume and the minimum volume of the sutured blood vessel after smoothing according to the above method.

[0162] For the third solution, the aorta is repaired with the pulmonary artery wall, and the pulmonary artery is ligated directly, which is abbreviated as "repair aorta and suture pulmonary artery". Specifically, when separating the aorta and the pulmonary artery, a part of the pulmonary artery wall is divided to the aorta to repair the defect of the aorta, and the remaining pulmonary artery is directly sutured. First, introduce how to determine the parameter change range of the aorta after this operation:

[0163] The first step is to determine the cutting points PS1, PS2 and the key point PK1 according to the end points PE1 and PE2. First, determine PE3, which is the midpoint of the line segment with PE1 and PE2 as the endpoints (as Figure 4 shown). Since the aorta is repaired with the pulmonary artery wall to fill the defect, the cutting points PS1 and PS2 are the intersection points of the line segments PE3PE1 and PE3PE2 after rotating a certain angle around PE1 and PE2 with the pulmonary artery wall respectively.

[0164] The second step is to calculate the maximum volume of the postoperative blood vessel. First, calculate the circumference of the aorta after supplementing the pulmonary artery wall, denoted as CA_e. Then calculate the area of the circle with CA_e as the circumference, denoted as SA_emax, which is the maximum cross-sectional area of the blood vessel. Finally, the maximum volume of the aorta repaired with the pulmonary artery wall can be calculated according to the area SA_emax, denoted as VA_emax;

[0165] The third step is to calculate the minimum volume of the postoperative blood vessel. First, calculate the area of the polygon formed by connecting PE1 and PE2, which is the minimum area, denoted as SP_emin. Finally, obtain the minimum volume based on the minimum area, denoted as VP_emin.

[0166] The last step is to calculate the maximum volume and the minimum volume of the sutured blood vessel after smoothing according to the above method.

[0167] Next, introduce how to determine the parameter change range of the pulmonary artery after this operation (as Figure 5As shown. First, in the first step of determining the postoperative parameter change range of the aorta according to this scheme, the cutting points PS1 and PS2 have been obtained; subsequently, PK1 is determined according to the first step in the main pulmonary suture, and the obtained PK1 is the intersection point of the perpendicular bisector of the line segment with PS1 and PS2 as endpoints and the edge of the pulmonary artery. Then, according to the methods of the second and third steps in the main pulmonary suture, the maximum and minimum volumes of the pulmonary artery after surgery are calculated. In the last step, the maximum and minimum volumes after the smooth vascular suture are still calculated.

[0168] For the fourth scheme, the aorta is selected to be repaired with the pulmonary artery wall, and the pulmonary artery is selected to use the patch method, which is abbreviated as main patch pulmonary patch. Different from the main patch pulmonary suture scheme, the remaining pulmonary artery is repaired with an artificial patch for the defect. The calculation methods of the maximum and minimum volumes of the aorta in this scheme are the same as those for determining the postoperative change range of the aorta in the main pulmonary suture. The method for determining the postoperative parameter change range of the pulmonary artery is the same as the method for calculating the pulmonary artery parameters in the main pulmonary suture scheme. The only difference is that the cutting points PS1 and PS2 have changed, and the cutting points PS1 and PS2 are the cutting points in the main patch pulmonary suture scheme. In the last step, the maximum and minimum volumes after the smooth vascular suture are calculated.

[0169] Based on the medical image data of the patient, before surgical treatment of the aortic-pulmonary septal defect, the present invention uses a virtual simulation method to perform three-dimensional reconstruction of the patient's blood vessels before and after surgery, and then quantifies the postoperative main pulmonary artery parameters of the patient under four surgical schemes, helping doctors to more accurately evaluate the postoperative situation of the patient before surgery to select the optimal surgical scheme.

[0170] The calculation formulas involved in the present invention include:

[0171] 1. The cross-sectional area S1 of the artery, x n+1 = x1, y n+1 = y1, x i and y i are the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the artery respectively, and n is the number of artery coordinates.

[0172] 2. The cross-sectional perimeter C of the artery, x i and y i are the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the artery respectively, and n is the number of artery coordinates.

[0173] 3. The maximum cross-sectional area S2 of the artery, S2 = C 2 / 4 * π, where C is the artery perimeter.

[0174] 4. The volume V of the artery, S i is the cross-sectional area, and m is the number of slices.

[0175] First, the present invention performs three-dimensional reconstruction on the aorta and pulmonary artery of APSD patients before surgery. The specific steps are as follows:

[0176] (1) First, obtain the original CT image data of the patient. Since CT images are often affected by various factors such as scattering, motion blur, and artifacts, the image data needs to be preprocessed to eliminate some obvious noises and interferences.

[0177] (2) Based on the first step, manually extract the coordinates of the aorta and pulmonary artery using ImageJ software to obtain the contour of the double artery for each layer. After completing the contour extraction, check whether the extracted contour is complete and accurate, and correct the places that need to be corrected.

[0178] (3) After obtaining the original coordinates, smooth each layer of CT images, and then use Matlab software to select the surface model method to reconstruct the artery to simulate the real human artery. Finally, a three-dimensional model as shown in Figure 6 is obtained.

[0179] Then, quantify the artery volume of APSD patients before surgery. First, divide the original artery set into the aorta set and the pulmonary artery set according to the endpoints p1 and p2, and store the artery coordinates before surgery respectively. It is observed that there are normal parts of the aorta and pulmonary artery, and then use the normal parts to estimate the cross-sectional areas of the remaining aorta and pulmonary artery to obtain the area S of each cross-section. Substitute S into the above volume formula. Finally, calculate the preoperative volume after smoothing in the same way.

[0180] Next, perform three-dimensional reconstruction and quantification processes on the arteries of APSD patients after four different surgeries, including:

[0181] 1. In the main suture and pulmonary suture plan, the three-dimensional reconstruction and quantification process of the artery of APSD patients after surgery is as follows:

[0182] (1) First, divide the extracted original artery coordinate set into the aorta set and the pulmonary artery set according to the cutting sites PS1 and PS2, and store the artery coordinates after segmentation respectively.

[0183] (2) Quantify the postoperative parameters of the aorta. After obtaining the postoperative aorta coordinate set, determine PK1 according to PS1 and PS2. Then calculate the maximum volume VA_emax of the aorta after surgery. Substitute the aorta coordinates into the above perimeter calculation formula to obtain the postoperative perimeter CA_e of the aorta for each cross-section, and then substitute CA_e into the above maximum area formula to obtain the maximum area SA_emax for each cross-section. Finally, substitute SA_emax into the volume formula to obtain the maximum volume VA_emax. Next, calculate the minimum volume VA_emin of the aorta after surgery. Substitute the coordinates of PS1, PS2, and PK1 into the area formula to obtain the area SA_tri of the triangle with PS1, PS2, and PK1 as vertices. The preoperative minimum area set SA_bmin = SA_b - SA_tri. Substitute SA_bmin for each slice into the volume formula to obtain the minimum volume VA_emin. In the same way, the minimum volume VP_emin and maximum volume VP_emax of the pulmonary artery can be obtained.

[0184] (3) Reconstruct the three-dimensional models of the aorta and pulmonary artery after surgery, as shown in Figure 7 , and calculate the postoperative artery parameters after smoothing based on the second step. First, to reconstruct the postoperative aorta, the coordinates need to be rotated. Rotate the blood vessel segment from PS1 to PK1 clockwise around PK1 so that PS1 coincides with PS2, and update the coordinate set. Then smooth the changed coordinate set, and use the surface model method to obtain the three-dimensional model of the aorta after surgery. Use the same method to construct the three-dimensional model of the pulmonary artery after surgery. Finally, quantify the parameters of the smoothed aorta and pulmonary artery respectively according to the method in the second step.

[0185] 2. In the main suture and pulmonary patch scheme, the three-dimensional reconstruction and quantification process of the arteries after surgery for APSD patients is as follows:

[0186] (1) The same as step one of the main suture and pulmonary suture.

[0187] (2) For the aorta, direct suture is selected, which is the same as the main suture and pulmonary suture scheme, and the results are the same, so there is no need to repeat. However, the quantification method of the pulmonary artery has changed. First, determine the cutting sites PS1 and PS2. After connecting PS1 and PS2, the cross-section of the blood vessel forms a closed polygon. In the computer implementation, add the coordinates of PS1 at the beginning of the coordinate set to the end of the coordinate set. Substitute the current coordinate set into the perimeter formula to obtain the postoperative perimeter CP_e. Substitute CP_e into the maximum area formula to obtain the maximum area SP_emax. Substitute SP_emax into the volume formula to obtain the maximum volume VP_emax. Then substitute the new coordinate set into the area formula to obtain the minimum area SP_emin, and substitute it into the volume formula to obtain the minimum volume VP_emin.

[0188] (3) The three-dimensional models of the aorta and pulmonary artery after reconstruction are shown in Figure 8 , and the postoperative arterial parameters are calculated and smoothed based on the second step. The postoperative three-dimensional model of the aorta is the same as that of the main suture and pulmonary suture, so it will not be repeated. The three-dimensional reconstruction of the postoperative pulmonary artery is obtained by using the updated coordinate set in the second step and then using the surface model method. Finally, the parameters of the smoothed aorta and pulmonary artery are quantified respectively according to the method in the second step.

[0189] 3. In the main pulmonary suture and pulmonary repair scheme, the three-dimensional reconstruction and quantification process of the arteries of APSD patients after surgery are as follows:

[0190] (1) The same as step 1 of the main suture and pulmonary suture.

[0191] (2) First, quantify the postoperative parameters of the aorta. The method for calculating the maximum volume VA_emax of the aorta after surgery is the same as that of the main suture and pulmonary suture. Only the coordinate set of the aorta after surgery has changed, so VA_emax will change, but the method is the same. The minimum area of the aorta after surgery is the area of the closed figure formed by connecting PE1 and PE2. In terms of the change in the coordinate set, only the coordinates of the blood vessel segment from PE1 to PE2 are retained, and the coordinate of the first PE1 point is added to the end. The coordinate set at this time is brought into the area formula to obtain SA_emin, and the minimum volume SA_emin is obtained by substituting into the formula. Substituting the postoperative pulmonary artery coordinates of this scheme into step 2 of the main suture and pulmonary suture scheme, the maximum volume VP_emax and minimum volume VP_emin can be directly obtained.

[0192] (3) The three-dimensional models of the aorta and pulmonary artery after reconstruction are shown in Figure 9 , and the postoperative arterial parameters are calculated and smoothed based on the second step. First, to reconstruct the aorta after surgery, the coordinates in step 1 need to be rotated. The blood vessel segment of PE1PS1 is rotated around PE1, and the blood vessel segment of PE2PS2 is rotated around PE2 to make PS1 and PS2 coincide near the PE3 point, and the coordinate set at this time is recorded. Then, the changed coordinate set is smoothed, and the three-dimensional model of the aorta after surgery is obtained by using the surface model method. The pulmonary artery is reconstructed according to step 3 of the main suture and pulmonary suture scheme. Finally, the parameters of the smoothed aorta and pulmonary artery are quantified respectively according to the method in the second step.

[0193] 4. In the main pulmonary suture and pulmonary repair scheme, the three-dimensional reconstruction and quantification process of the arteries of APSD patients after surgery are as follows:

[0194] (1) The same as step 1 of the main suture and pulmonary suture.

[0195] (2) The quantification process of aortic parameters is the same as that of the main pulmonary suture, and the results are also the same, so there is no need to repeat. The quantification method of the pulmonary artery is the same as that of the main pulmonary suture. Just bring in the coordinate set of the pulmonary artery after this operation, and the quantification results can be obtained according to the second step of the main pulmonary suture plan.

[0196] (3) The three-dimensional models of the aorta and pulmonary artery after reconstruction are shown in Figure 10 And calculate the postoperative arterial parameters after smoothing based on the second step. The postoperative three-dimensional model of the aorta is the same as that of the main pulmonary suture, so there is no need to repeat. The postoperative three-dimensional model of the pulmonary artery can be reconstructed according to the method of reconstructing the pulmonary artery in the main pulmonary suture. Finally, quantify the parameters of the smoothed aorta and pulmonary artery respectively according to the method in the second step.

[0197] Finally, perform the quantification results and analysis of the parameters after four different operations, including:

[0198] 1. The first scheme:

[0199] Results before smoothing: The change range of the aortic volume after the main pulmonary suture plan is approximately between 84.50% and 100.13%, while the change range of the pulmonary artery after the main pulmonary suture plan is approximately between 81.80% and 97.46%. The specific results are shown in Table 1.

[0200] Table 1 Quantification results of parameters before and after the main pulmonary suture

[0201]

[0202] Results after smoothing: The change range of the aortic volume after smoothing is approximately between 85.35% and 94.93%, and the change range of the pulmonary artery volume is approximately between 82.19% and 92.86%. The specific results are shown in Table 2.

[0203] Table 2 Quantification results of parameters before and after smoothing of the main pulmonary suture

[0204]

[0205] 2. The second scheme:

[0206] Results before smoothing: The change range of the aortic volume after the main pulmonary suture before smoothing is between 84.50% and 100.13%, and the change range of the pulmonary artery volume is between 96.17% and 112.13%. The specific results are shown in Table 3.

[0207] Table 3 Quantification results of parameters before and after the main pulmonary suture

[0208]

[0209] Smoothing result: After the main suture and pulmonary repair with smoothing, the range of the volume change of the aorta after the operation is between 85.35% and 94.93%, and the range of the volume change of the pulmonary artery is between 95.42% and 106.67%. The specific results are shown in Table 4.

[0210] Table 4 Quantification results of parameters before and after the main suture and pulmonary repair with smoothing

[0211]

[0212]

[0213] 3. The third solution:

[0214] Result before smoothing: Before the main pulmonary suture with smoothing, the range of the volume change of the aorta after the operation is between 98.41% and 110.52%, and the range of the volume change of the pulmonary artery is between 47.78% and 63.47%. The specific results are shown in Table 5.

[0215] Table 5 Quantification results of parameters before and after the main pulmonary suture

[0216]

[0217] Result after smoothing: After the operation with smoothing, the range of the volume change of the aorta is approximately between 98.80% and 104.08%, and the range of the volume change of the pulmonary artery after smoothing is approximately between 49.84% and 59.90%. The specific results are shown in Table 6.

[0218] Table 6 Quantification results of parameters before and after the main pulmonary suture with smoothing

[0219]

[0220] 4. The fourth solution:

[0221] Result before smoothing: Before the main pulmonary repair with smoothing, the range of the volume change of the aorta after the operation is about between 98.41% and 119.45%, and the range of the change of the pulmonary artery before smoothing is about between 83.61% and 107.99%. The specific results are shown in Table 7.

[0222] Table 7 Quantification results of parameters before and after the main pulmonary repair

[0223]

[0224] Result after smoothing: After the operation with smoothing, the range of the volume change of the aorta is approximately between 98.80% and 104.08%, and the range of the volume change of the pulmonary artery after smoothing is approximately between 83.76% and 102.30%. The specific results are shown in Table 8.

[0225] Table 8 Quantification results of parameters before and after the main pulmonary repair with smoothing

[0226]

[0227] The quantitative results of the aorta were analyzed and it was found that the choice of direct suturing of the aorta in the main suture lung suture and main suture lung repair would lead to a certain degree of stenosis (such as Figure 11 and Figure 12 This may increase the resistance inside the blood vessels and the pressure, which in turn increases the load on the heart and may have an adverse effect on the patient's long-term prognosis. Therefore, for this patient, he is not suitable for the two options of main lung suture and main lung repair. In comparison, the main lung suture and main lung repair have better postoperative effects.

[0228] The results of the quantitative analysis of the pulmonary artery showed that the stenosis of the pulmonary artery after the main suture pulmonary suture surgery could reach up to 20%, which would lead to increased stress inside the blood vessels and abnormal blood flow (such as Figure 14 The postoperative effect of the main lung suture repair is even worse, and the degree of stenosis can reach 52%, far exceeding the clinically acceptable range of 30%, which will significantly affect blood flow and may lead to serious consequences such as pulmonary hypertension (such as Figure 13 and Figure 14 In contrast, the addition of an artificial patch can effectively increase the diameter of the pulmonary artery, improve blood pressure and blood flow, and give the main-suture lung patch and main-replenishment lung patch a better postoperative effect.

[0229] The specific embodiments described herein are merely examples of the spirit of the present invention. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or additions to the specific embodiments described or replace them in similar ways, but they will not deviate from the spirit of the present invention or exceed the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A preoperative auxiliary quantitative analysis method for main pulmonary artery septal defect surgery, characterized in that It includes the following steps: S1. Obtain the CT image data of the patient's aorta, pulmonary artery and surrounding tissues, and construct the three-dimensional models of the aorta and pulmonary artery; S2. Based on the three-dimensional models obtained in S1, perform three-dimensional reconstruction and parameter quantification of the arteries before surgery, including determining: The pre-surgical separation points of the aorta and pulmonary artery, denoted as PS1 and PS2; The pre-surgical areas of the aorta and pulmonary artery, denoted as SA_b and SP_b; The pre-surgical volumes of the aorta and pulmonary artery, denoted as VA_b and VP_b; The pre-surgical volumes of the aorta and pulmonary artery after smoothing, denoted as VA_sb and VP_sb; S3. Based on the various parameters obtained in S2, perform three-dimensional reconstruction and parameter quantification of the arteries after four different surgeries, namely main suture to pulmonary suture, main suture to pulmonary patch, main patch to pulmonary suture, or main patch to pulmonary patch.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The specific steps of S1 are as follows: S1-1. Preprocess the image data to eliminate noise and interference; S1-2. Manually extract the coordinates of the main and pulmonary arteries to obtain the contours of the double arteries in each layer; S1-3. Smooth each layer of CT images; reconstruct the arteries to simulate real human arteries and obtain the three-dimensional models of the aorta and pulmonary artery.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In S3, the three-dimensional reconstruction and parameter quantification of the arteries after the main suture to pulmonary suture surgery include the following steps: (1) First, divide the extracted original artery coordinate set into the aorta set and the pulmonary artery set according to the cutting sites PS1 and PS2, and store the segmented artery coordinates separately. The cutting sites PS1 and PS2 are the end points PE1 and PE2; then determine the key point PK1, which is the intersection of the perpendicular bisector of the line segment with PS1 and PS2 as the end points and the artery edge; (2) Quantify the parameters of the aorta and pulmonary artery after the main suture to pulmonary suture surgery; (3) Reconstruct the three-dimensional models of the aorta and pulmonary artery after surgery, and calculate the parameters of the arteries after smoothing after surgery, Specifically including: Reconstruct the main pulmonary artery: Rotate the coordinates of the aorta and pulmonary artery respectively. Rotate the blood vessel segment from PS1 to PK1 clockwise around PK1 to make PS1 coincide with PS2, and update the coordinate set; then smooth the changed coordinate set, and use the surface model method to obtain the three-dimensional models of the aorta and pulmonary artery after surgery; Parameter quantification after smoothing: Quantify the parameters of the main pulmonary artery after the main suture to pulmonary suture surgery after smoothing.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein The specific process of parameter quantification after the main suture to pulmonary suture surgery is as follows: ① Calculate the maximum volume VA_emax of the aorta after the main suture to pulmonary suture surgery Based on the aorta coordinates, use the perimeter formula to obtain the postoperative perimeter CA_e of the aorta in each section; Based on the postoperative perimeter CA_e of the aorta, use the maximum area formula to obtain the maximum area SA_emax of each section; Based on the maximum area SA_emax, use the volume formula to obtain the maximum volume VA_emax; ② Calculate the minimum volume VA_emin of the aorta after the main suture to pulmonary suture surgery Substitute the coordinates of PS1, PS2, and PK1 into the area formula to obtain the area SA_tri of the triangle with PS1, PS2, and PK1 as the vertices; The pre-surgical minimum area SA_bmin = SA_b - SA_tri, and substitute SA_bmin of each section into the volume formula to obtain the minimum volume VA_emin; ③ Calculate the maximum volume VP_emax of the pulmonary artery after the main suture and pulmonary suture Based on the coordinates of the pulmonary artery, use the perimeter formula to obtain the postoperative perimeter CP_e of the pulmonary artery for each section; Based on the postoperative perimeter CP_e of the pulmonary artery, use the maximum area formula to obtain the maximum area SP_emax of each section; Based on the maximum area SP_emax, use the volume formula to obtain the maximum volume VP_emax; ④ Calculate the minimum volume VP_emin of the pulmonary artery after the main suture and pulmonary suture Substitute the coordinates of PS1, PS2, and PK1 into the area formula to obtain the area SP_tri of the triangle with PS1, PS2, and PK1 as vertices; The preoperative minimum area SP_bmin = SP_b - SP_tri. Substitute SP_bmin of each section into the volume formula to obtain the minimum volume VP_emin.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein In S3, the three-dimensional reconstruction and parameter quantification of the artery after the main suture and pulmonary patch operation include the following steps: (1) First, divide the extracted original artery coordinate set into the aorta set and the pulmonary artery set according to the cutting points PS1 and PS2, and store the divided artery coordinates separately. The cutting points PS1 and PS2 are the end points PE1 and PE2; the straight-line distance between PS1 and PS2 is the length d of the artificial patch; (2) Quantify the parameters of the aorta and pulmonary artery after the main suture and pulmonary patch operation; (3) Reconstruct the three-dimensional models of the aorta and pulmonary artery after the operation, and calculate the parameters of the artery after smoothing, Specifically including: Reconstruct the aorta: Perform a rotation transformation on the coordinates of the aorta. Rotate the blood vessel segment from PS1 to PK1 clockwise around PK1 to make PS1 coincide with PS2, and update the coordinate set; then perform a smoothing process on the transformed coordinate set, and use the surface model method to obtain the three-dimensional model of the aorta after the operation; Reconstruct the pulmonary artery: Use the updated coordinate set, and use the surface model method to obtain the three-dimensional model of the pulmonary artery after the operation; Parameter quantification after smoothing: Quantify the parameters of the main pulmonary artery after the main suture and pulmonary patch operation after smoothing.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein The quantification process of the parameters after the main suture and pulmonary patch operation is specifically as follows: ① Calculate the maximum volume VA_emax of the aorta after the main suture and pulmonary patch operation Based on the coordinates of the aorta, use the perimeter formula to obtain the postoperative perimeter CA_e of the aorta for each section; Based on the postoperative perimeter CA_e of the aorta, use the maximum area formula to obtain the maximum area SA_emax of each section; Based on the maximum area SA_emax, use the volume formula to obtain the maximum volume VA_emax; ② Calculate the minimum volume VA_emin of the aorta after the main suture and pulmonary patch operation Substitute the coordinates of PS1, PS2, and PK1 into the area formula to obtain the area SA_tri of the triangle with PS1, PS2, and PK1 as vertices; The preoperative minimum area SA_bmin = SA_b - SA_tri. Substitute SA_bmin of each section into the volume formula to obtain the minimum volume VA_emin; ③ Calculate the maximum volume VP_emax of the pulmonary artery after the main suture and pulmonary patch operation Determine the cutting points PS1 and PS2. After connecting PS1 and PS2, the cross-section of the blood vessel forms a closed polygon. Add the coordinate of PS1 at the beginning of the coordinate set to the end of the coordinate set; Based on coordinates, using the perimeter formula, the postoperative perimeter CP_e was obtained; Based on the postoperative perimeter CP_e of the pulmonary artery, the maximum area SP_emax of each cross-section was obtained using the maximum area formula; Based on the maximum area SP_emax, the maximum volume VP_emax was obtained using the volume formula; ④ Calculate the minimum volume VP_emin of the pulmonary artery after the main suture lung repair Based on the new coordinate set, using the area formula, the minimum area SP_emin was obtained; Based on the minimum area SP_emin, the minimum volume VP_emin was obtained using the volume formula.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein In S3, the three-dimensional reconstruction and parameter quantification of the artery after the main lung repair suture include the following steps: (1) First, according to the cutting sites PS1 and PS2, the extracted original artery coordinate set is divided into the aorta set and the pulmonary artery set, and the segmented artery coordinates are stored separately. Then, PE3 is determined. PE3 is the midpoint of the line segment with PE1 and PE2 as endpoints. PS1 and PS2 are the intersections of the line segments PE3PE1 and PE3PE2 with the pulmonary artery wall after rotating a certain angle around PE1 and PE2 respectively; (2) Quantify the parameters of the aorta and pulmonary artery after the main lung repair suture; (3) Reconstruct the three-dimensional models of the aorta and pulmonary artery after the operation, and calculate the parameters of the artery after smoothing, Specifically including: Reconstruct the aorta: First, perform a rotation transformation on the coordinates in step one. Rotate the blood vessel segment PE1PS1 around PE1, and rotate the blood vessel segment PE2PS2 around PE2 to make PS1 and PS2 coincide near the PE3 point. Record the coordinate set at this time. Then, smooth the transformed coordinate set, and use the surface model method to obtain the three-dimensional model of the aorta after the operation; Reconstruct the pulmonary artery: Perform a rotation transformation on the coordinates of the pulmonary artery. Rotate the blood vessel segment from PS1 to PK1 clockwise around PK1 to make PS1 and PS2 coincide, and update the coordinate set; Then, smooth the transformed coordinate set, and use the surface model method to obtain the three-dimensional model of the pulmonary artery after the operation; Parameter quantification after smoothing: Quantify the parameters of the main pulmonary artery after the main lung repair suture after smoothing.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein The quantification process of the parameters after the main lung repair suture is specifically as follows: ① Calculate the maximum volume VA_emax of the aorta after the main lung repair suture Based on the aorta coordinates, use the perimeter formula to obtain the postoperative perimeter CA_e of the aorta for each cross-section; Based on the postoperative perimeter CA_e of the aorta, use the maximum area formula to obtain the maximum area SA_emax of each cross-section; Based on the maximum area SA_emax, use the volume formula to obtain the maximum volume VA_emax; ② Calculate the minimum volume VA_emin of the aorta after the main lung repair suture The minimum area after the aorta operation is the area of the closed figure formed by connecting PE1 and PE2; The coordinate set only retains the coordinates of the blood vessel segment from PE1 to PE2, and adds the coordinate of the PE1 point at the beginning to the end. Based on this coordinate, use the area formula to obtain the minimum area SA_emin; Based on the minimum area, use the volume formula to obtain the minimum volume VA_emin; ③ Calculate the maximum volume VP_emax of the pulmonary artery after the main lung repair suture Based on the pulmonary artery coordinates, the postoperative pulmonary artery perimeter CP_e of each section is obtained using the perimeter formula; Based on the postoperative pulmonary artery perimeter CP_e, the maximum area SP_emax of each section is obtained using the maximum area formula; Based on the maximum area SP_emax, the maximum volume VP_emax is obtained using the volume formula; ④ Calculate the minimum volume VP_emin of the pulmonary artery after the main supplementary lung suture operation Substitute the coordinates of PS1, PS2, and PK1 into the area formula to obtain the area SP_tri of the triangle with PS1, PS2, and PK1 as vertices; The preoperative minimum area SP_bmin = SP_b - SP_tri. Substitute the SP_bmin of each section into the volume formula to obtain the minimum volume VP_emin.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein In S3, the three-dimensional reconstruction and parameter quantification of the artery after the main supplementary lung operation include the following steps: (1) First, divide the extracted original artery coordinate set into an aorta set and a pulmonary artery set according to the cutting points PS1 and PS2, and store the segmented artery coordinates separately. Then determine PE3, which is the midpoint of the line segment with PE1 and PE2 as endpoints. PS1 and PS2 are the intersection points of the line segments PE3PE1 and PE3PE2 with the pulmonary artery wall after rotating a certain angle around PE1 and PE2 respectively; (2) Quantify the parameters of the aorta and pulmonary artery after the main supplementary lung operation; (3) Reconstruct the three-dimensional models of the aorta and pulmonary artery after the operation, and calculate the parameters of the artery after smoothing, Specifically including: Reconstruct the aorta: First, perform a rotation transformation on the coordinates in step one. Rotate the blood vessel segment of PE1PS1 around PE1, and rotate the blood vessel segment of PE2PS2 around PE2 to make PS1 and PS2 coincide near the PE3 point. Record the coordinate set at this time. Then smooth the changed coordinate set, and use the surface model method to obtain the three-dimensional model of the aorta after the operation; Reconstruct the pulmonary artery: Use the updated coordinate set, and then use the surface model method to obtain the three-dimensional model of the pulmonary artery after the operation; Parameter quantification after smoothing: Quantify the parameters of the main pulmonary artery after the main supplementary lung operation after smoothing.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein The quantification process of the parameters after the main supplementary lung operation is specifically as follows: ① Calculate the maximum volume VA_emax of the aorta after the main supplementary lung operation Based on the aorta coordinates, the postoperative aorta perimeter CA_e of each section is obtained using the perimeter formula; Based on the postoperative aorta perimeter CA_e, the maximum area SA_emax of each section is obtained using the maximum area formula; Based on the maximum area SA_emax, the maximum volume VA_emax is obtained using the volume formula; ② Calculate the minimum volume VA_emin of the aorta after the main supplementary lung operation The minimum area after the aorta operation is the area of the closed figure formed by connecting PE1 and PE2; The coordinate set only retains the coordinates of the blood vessel segment from PE1 to PE2, and adds the coordinate of the first PE1 point to the end. Based on this coordinate, the minimum area SA_emin is obtained using the area formula; Based on the minimum area, the minimum volume VA_emin is obtained using the volume formula; ③ Calculate the maximum volume VP_emax of the pulmonary artery after the main supplementary lung operation Determine the cutting sites PS1 and PS2. After connecting PS1 and PS2, the cross-section of the blood vessel forms a closed polygon. Add the coordinates of PS1, which is at the beginning of the coordinate set, to the end of the coordinate set; Based on the coordinates, using the perimeter formula, the postoperative perimeter CP_e is obtained; Based on the postoperative perimeter CP_e of the pulmonary artery, use the maximum area formula to obtain the maximum area SP_emax of each section; Based on the maximum area SP_emax, use the volume formula to obtain the maximum volume VP_emax; ④ Calculate the minimum volume VP_emin of the pulmonary artery after the main supplementary lung surgery Based on the new coordinate set, using the area formula, the minimum area SP_emin is obtained; based on the minimum area SP_emin, using the volume formula, the minimum volume VP_emin is obtained.

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