Carbon emission spatial correlation assessment method, model and system based on land gradient utilization model, and medium

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of land utilization change evaluation, in particular to a carbon emission spatial correlation evaluation method, model and system based on a land gradient utilization model and a medium. Calculating the carbon absorption amount of the to-be-evaluated area from the natural vegetation dimension, the crop dimension and the water area dimension; calculating the carbon emission of the to-be-evaluated area from the energy consumption dimension, the industrial production process dimension, the waste treatment dimension, the agricultural dimension, the respiration dimension and the water area carbon volatilization dimension; determining a carbon emission net value of the to-be-evaluated area according to a difference value between the carbon absorption amount and the carbon emission amount, and calculating a spatial autocorrelation index of the to-be-evaluated area according to the carbon emission net value; determining a carbon emission space change direction of the to-be-evaluated region; and determining a carbon emission spatial correlation evaluation result of the to-be-evaluated region according to the spatial autocorrelation index and / or the carbon emission spatial change direction. The objective of the invention is to solve the problem of how to carry out spatial correlation evaluation on areas with obvious vertical zone performance and altitude gradient performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of land use change assessment, and particularly to a method, model, system and medium for evaluating the spatial correlation of carbon emissions based on a land gradient utilization model. Background Art

[0002] The assessment of the spatial correlation of carbon emissions is often used to reveal the distribution pattern of carbon emissions in space in a land area, identify hotspots of carbon emissions in space, and help formulate targeted emission reduction strategies. And land use is one of the important driving factors of carbon emissions. The spatial distribution and gradient change of land use directly affect the spatial correlation of carbon emissions. Therefore, combining the assessment of the spatial correlation of carbon emissions with the assessment of the carbon emission effect of land gradient utilization can more comprehensively analyze the relationship between the spatial distribution of carbon emissions in space and land use, thus facilitating the formulation of relevant carbon reduction strategies.

[0003] However, the current calculation method of the carbon emission effect of land gradient utilization cannot be applied to regions with obvious vertical zonality and altitude gradient, such as the central and eastern parts of Yunnan, where various land use types such as cultivated land, forest land, grassland, water area and urban land are significantly affected by altitude, because it does not consider the characteristics of the spatial distribution and spatial change of different land use types under the conditions of land vertical differentiation and gradient stratification in this type of region.

[0004] Therefore, when using the traditional carbon emission effect assessment model to evaluate the spatial correlation of regions with obvious vertical zonality and altitude gradient, problems of inaccurate assessment are likely to occur. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main purpose of this application is to provide a method for evaluating the spatial correlation of carbon emissions based on a land gradient utilization model, aiming to solve the problem of how to evaluate the spatial correlation of regions with obvious vertical zonality and altitude gradient.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, a method for evaluating the spatial correlation of carbon emissions based on a land gradient utilization model provided by this application includes:

[0007] Optionally, calculate the carbon absorption of the area to be evaluated from the dimensions of natural vegetation, crops and water area; and calculate the carbon emissions of the area to be evaluated from the dimensions of energy consumption, industrial production process, waste treatment, agriculture, respiration and water area carbon volatilization;

[0008] Determine the net carbon emission of the area to be evaluated according to the difference between the carbon absorption and the carbon emissions, calculate the spatial autocorrelation index of the area to be evaluated according to the net carbon emission; and

[0009] Determine the direction of carbon emission space change in the area to be evaluated;

[0010] Determine the evaluation result of the carbon emission space correlation in the area to be evaluated according to the spatial autocorrelation index and / or the direction of carbon emission space change.

[0011] Optionally, the step of calculating the carbon absorption amount in the area to be evaluated from the dimensions of natural vegetation, crops, and water areas includes:

[0012] (1.1) Dimension of natural vegetation

[0013] Obtain the carbon sequestration capacity per unit area of the target type of vegetation in the area to be evaluated and the land area corresponding to the target type of vegetation;

[0014] Calculate the carbon absorption amount of natural vegetation according to the carbon sequestration capacity per unit area and the land area;

[0015] Take the sum of the carbon absorption amounts of natural vegetation corresponding to each target type of vegetation as the carbon absorption amount calculated from the dimension of natural vegetation;

[0016] (1.2) Dimension of crops

[0017] Obtain the biological yield of the target type of crops in the area to be evaluated, the carbon absorption rate for synthesizing unit organic matter of the target type of crops, and the water content of the target type of crops;

[0018] Calculate the photosynthetic carbon absorption amount of the target type of crops according to the biological yield, the carbon absorption rate, and the water content;

[0019] Take the sum of the photosynthetic carbon absorption amounts corresponding to each target type of crops as the carbon absorption amount calculated from the dimension of crops;

[0020] (1.3) Dimension of water area

[0021] Obtain the carbon sequestration rate per unit area of water area, the water area, the carbon absorption amount of dry and wet deposition per unit area of water area, and the total area of the area to be evaluated in the area to be evaluated;

[0022] Calculate the carbon absorption amount of the water area according to the carbon sequestration rate per unit area of water area, the water area, the carbon absorption amount of dry and wet deposition per unit area of water area, and the total area of the area to be evaluated;

[0023] Take the carbon absorption amount of the water area as the carbon absorption amount calculated from the dimension of the water area.

[0024] Optionally, the step of calculating the carbon emissions of the area to be evaluated from the dimensions of energy consumption, industrial production process, waste treatment, agriculture, respiration, and water area carbon volatilization specifically includes:

[0025] (1.4) Dimension of energy consumption

[0026] Obtain the consumption, net calorific value, carbon dioxide emission factor, and methane emission factor of the target type of energy in the area to be evaluated. Calculate the carbon emissions from energy consumption based on the consumption, net calorific value, carbon dioxide emission factor, and methane emission factor. Also, obtain the consumption, carbon dioxide emission factor, and methane emission factor of the target type of biomass fuel in the area to be evaluated. Calculate the carbon emissions from the combustion of the target type of biomass fuel based on the consumption, carbon dioxide emission factor, and methane emission factor. Determine the sum of the carbon emissions from energy consumption corresponding to each target type of energy and the sum of the carbon emissions from the combustion of biomass fuels corresponding to each target type of biomass fuel as the carbon emissions calculated from the dimension of energy consumption;

[0027] (1.5) Dimension of industrial production process

[0028] Obtain the production volume and carbon dioxide emission factor of the target type of industrial product in the area to be evaluated;

[0029] Calculate the carbon emissions from industrial production of the target type of industrial product based on the production volume and the carbon dioxide emission factor;

[0030] Take the sum of the carbon emissions from industrial production corresponding to each target type of industrial product as the carbon emissions calculated from the dimension of industrial production process;

[0031] (1.6) Dimension of waste treatment

[0032] Obtain the annual garbage generation volume, annual garbage landfill treatment rate, annual methane recovery volume, oxidation factor, and methane generation potential coefficient of the target type of domestic waste landfill in the area to be evaluated. Calculate the methane emissions of the target type of domestic waste landfill based on the annual garbage generation volume, annual garbage landfill treatment rate, annual methane recovery volume, oxidation factor, and methane generation potential coefficient. And,

[0033] Obtain the incineration treatment volume, carbon content ratio, proportion of mineral carbon in the total carbon, waste combustion efficiency, and carbon dioxide conversion coefficient of the urban domestic waste in the area to be evaluated in the current year. Calculate the carbon dioxide generation amount from the incineration of domestic waste in the area to be evaluated based on the incineration treatment volume, the carbon content ratio, the proportion of mineral carbon in the total carbon, the waste combustion efficiency, and the carbon dioxide conversion coefficient; and,

[0034] Obtain the total amount of organic matter, maximum methane generation capacity, methane correction factor, and methane recovery amount in the domestic sewage in the area to be evaluated. Calculate the total methane amount generated from domestic sewage treatment based on the total amount of organic matter, the maximum methane generation capacity, the methane correction factor, and the methane recovery amount; and,

[0035] Obtain the total amount of organic matter in the biodegradable wastewater of the target industrial sector, the total amount of organic matter removed by the sludge method, the methane correction factor, and the methane recovery amount. Calculate the carbon emissions generated from industrial wastewater treatment based on the total amount of organic matter in the biodegradable wastewater, the total amount of organic matter removed by the sludge method, the methane correction factor, and the methane recovery amount;

[0036] Determine the carbon emissions calculated from the waste treatment dimension based on the sum of the methane emissions of each of the target type domestic waste landfills, the carbon dioxide generation amount from the incineration of domestic waste, the total methane amount generated from domestic sewage treatment, and the sum of the carbon emissions generated from industrial wastewater treatment of each of the target industrial sectors;

[0037] (1.7) Agricultural dimension

[0038] Obtain the input amount of the target type of agricultural production materials and the agricultural production material carbon emission factor in the area to be evaluated. Calculate the agricultural production carbon emissions corresponding to the target type of agricultural production materials based on the input amount and the agricultural production material carbon emission factor; and,

[0039] Obtain the planting area of the target type of rice and the methane emission factor in the area to be evaluated. Calculate the methane emissions of the target type of rice based on the rice planting area and the methane emission factor; and,

[0040] Obtain the number of the target type of animals, the methane emission factor for enteric fermentation, and the methane emission factor for manure management in the area to be evaluated. Calculate the carbon emissions from enteric fermentation and manure management of the target type of animals based on the number, the methane emission factor for enteric fermentation, and the methane emission factor for manure management;

[0041] Determine the carbon emissions calculated from the agricultural dimension based on the sum of the agricultural production carbon emissions corresponding to each of the target type agricultural production materials, the sum of the methane emissions corresponding to each of the target type rice, and the sum of the carbon emissions from animal intestinal fermentation and manure management for each of the target type animals;

[0042] (1.8) Respiration dimension

[0043] Obtain the population quantity and human respiration carbon emission factor in the area to be evaluated, as well as the quantity of each target type of livestock and the livestock respiration carbon emission factor. Calculate the carbon emissions from human and livestock respiration in the area to be evaluated according to the population quantity, the human respiration carbon emission factor, the quantity of each target type of livestock, and the livestock respiration carbon emission factor;

[0044] Obtain the land area of the target type vegetation, the autotrophic respiration amount per unit area of the plant, and the heterotrophic respiration carbon emissions in the area to be evaluated. Calculate the carbon emissions from autotrophic respiration of the plant and heterotrophic respiration of the soil for the target type vegetation according to the land area, the autotrophic respiration amount per unit area of the plant, and the heterotrophic respiration carbon emissions;

[0045] Determine the carbon emissions calculated from the respiration dimension according to the carbon emissions from human and livestock respiration, and the carbon emissions from autotrophic respiration of the plant and heterotrophic respiration of the soil corresponding to each of the target type vegetation;

[0046] (1.9) Water area carbon volatilization dimension

[0047] Obtain the area of rivers or lakes in the area to be evaluated, and the carbon volatilization factor per unit area of rivers or lakes. Calculate the carbon volatilization amount of the water area, and use the carbon volatilization amount of the water area as the carbon emissions calculated from the water area carbon volatilization dimension.

[0048] Optionally, the spatial autocorrelation index includes a global spatial autocorrelation index and a local spatial autocorrelation index, and the carbon emission spatial correlation assessment result includes an aggregation phenomenon assessment result, an aggregation degree assessment result, and a carbon emission spatial change assessment result;

[0049] The determination of the carbon emission spatial correlation assessment result of the area to be evaluated according to the spatial autocorrelation index and / or the carbon emission spatial change direction includes at least one of the following steps:

[0050] Determine the aggregation phenomenon assessment result in the area to be evaluated according to the global spatial autocorrelation index;

[0051] Determine the aggregation degree assessment result in the area to be evaluated according to the local spatial autocorrelation index;

[0052] Determine the evaluation result of the carbon emission space change in the area to be evaluated according to the direction of the carbon emission space change.

[0053] Optionally, the step of determining the evaluation result of the aggregation phenomenon in the area to be evaluated according to the global spatial autocorrelation index specifically includes:

[0054] When the global spatial autocorrelation index is greater than the preset global index threshold, determine that the evaluation result of the aggregation phenomenon is the existence of an aggregation phenomenon;

[0055] When the global spatial autocorrelation index is less than the preset global index threshold, determine that the evaluation result of the aggregation phenomenon is the existence of a dispersion phenomenon;

[0056] When the global spatial autocorrelation index is equal to the preset global index threshold, determine that the evaluation result of the aggregation phenomenon is the absence of spatial correlation.

[0057] Optionally, the step of determining the evaluation result of the agglomeration degree in the area to be evaluated according to the local spatial autocorrelation index specifically includes:

[0058] When the local spatial autocorrelation index is greater than the preset local index threshold, determine that the evaluation result of the agglomeration degree is high / low value aggregation;

[0059] When the local spatial autocorrelation index is less than the preset local index threshold, determine that the evaluation result of the aggregation phenomenon is a spatial anomaly;

[0060] When the local spatial autocorrelation index is equal to the preset local index threshold, determine that the evaluation result of the aggregation phenomenon is the absence of spatial correlation;

[0061] Or,

[0062] Determine the degree of local spatial autocorrelation according to the magnitude of the local spatial autocorrelation index, where the local spatial autocorrelation index is positively correlated with the degree of local spatial autocorrelation.

[0063] Optionally, the step of determining the direction of the carbon emission space change in the area to be evaluated includes at least one of the following:

[0064] Obtain the horizontal and vertical coordinates corresponding to each research unit in the area to be evaluated, determine the principal component analysis result of the research unit according to the horizontal and vertical coordinates, and use the principal component analysis results of each research unit as the direction of the carbon emission space change in the area to be evaluated;

[0065] Select the carbon emission center of gravity in the area to be evaluated according to the net carbon emission value, calculate the standard deviation ellipse based on the horizontal and vertical coordinates corresponding to the carbon emission center of gravity, and determine the change direction of the standard deviation ellipse within the historical period, so as to use the change direction as the carbon emission spatial change direction of the area to be evaluated.

[0066] In addition, to achieve the above object, the present application further provides a carbon emission spatial correlation evaluation model, which includes:

[0067] A land gradient utilization model for calculating the carbon absorption amount of the area to be evaluated from the dimensions of natural vegetation, crops, and water areas; and calculating the carbon emission amount of the area to be evaluated from the dimensions of energy consumption, industrial production process, waste treatment, agriculture, respiration, and water area carbon volatilization;

[0068] A spatial autocorrelation index calculation module for determining the net carbon emission value of the area to be evaluated according to the difference between the carbon absorption amount and the carbon emission amount, and calculating the spatial autocorrelation index of the area to be evaluated according to the net carbon emission value; and

[0069] A carbon emission spatial change evaluation module for determining the carbon emission spatial change direction of the area to be evaluated;

[0070] A carbon emission spatial correlation evaluation result evaluation module for determining the carbon emission spatial correlation evaluation result of the area to be evaluated according to the spatial autocorrelation index and / or the carbon emission spatial change direction.

[0071] In addition, to achieve the above object, the present application further provides a carbon emission spatial correlation evaluation system, which includes: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor. When the computer program is executed by the processor, the steps of the carbon emission spatial correlation evaluation method based on the land gradient utilization model described in any one of the above are implemented.

[0072] In addition, to achieve the above object, the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the carbon emission spatial correlation evaluation method based on the land gradient utilization model described in any one of the above are implemented.

[0073] The present application has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0074] 1. Calculate the carbon absorption in the area to be evaluated from three dimensions: natural vegetation dimension, crop dimension, and water area dimension; and calculate the carbon emissions in the area to be evaluated from six dimensions: energy consumption dimension, industrial production process dimension, waste treatment dimension, agricultural dimension, respiration dimension, and water area carbon volatilization dimension, so as to accurately reflect the carbon emission status of regional land gradient utilization under the intervention of natural and human activities, and then construct a regional land gradient utilization model that is more in line with vertical zonality and obvious altitude gradient;

[0075] 2. Calculate the spatial autocorrelation index based on the net carbon emission calculated by the carbon emission and absorption calculation model, and more accurately analyze the relationship between the spatial distribution of carbon emissions and land use in the area to be evaluated;

[0076] 3. Conduct a joint evaluation of the land area from two dimensions: the spatial autocorrelation index and the spatial change direction of carbon emissions, reveal the correlation between the spatial differentiation law of carbon emissions and the land use driving mechanism in the area, so as to analyze the impact of land use change on carbon emissions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0077] Figure 1 It is a schematic flowchart of the first embodiment of the carbon emission spatial correlation evaluation method based on the land gradient utilization model of the present application;

[0078] Figure 2 It is a schematic architecture diagram of the carbon emission spatial correlation evaluation model involved in the carbon emission spatial correlation evaluation method based on the land gradient utilization model of the present application;

[0079] Figure 3 It is a schematic architecture diagram of the hardware operating environment of the carbon emission spatial correlation evaluation system involved in the embodiment of the present application.

[0080] The realization, functional features, and advantages of the purpose of the present application will be further described in conjunction with the embodiments with reference to the drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0081] In order to better understand the above technical solutions, the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the drawings. Although the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided so that the present disclosure can be more thoroughly understood and the scope of the present disclosure can be fully conveyed to those skilled in the art.

[0082] First Embodiment

[0083] Refer to Figure 1 , in this embodiment, the carbon emission spatial correlation evaluation method based on the land gradient utilization model includes the following steps:

[0084] Step S10, calculate the carbon absorption amount of the area to be evaluated from the dimensions of natural vegetation, crops, and water areas; and calculate the carbon emission amount of the area to be evaluated from the dimensions of energy consumption, industrial production process, waste treatment, agriculture, respiration, and water area carbon volatilization;

[0085] In the carbon emission and absorption amount model constructed in this embodiment, the carbon absorption amount is calculated from three dimensions: natural vegetation, crops, and water areas. The calculated carbon absorption amount is the carbon absorption amount of the terrestrial ecosystem in the area to be evaluated.

[0086] For the dimension of natural vegetation, the photosynthesis of natural vegetation is a process in which organisms use light energy for carbon fixation. When evaluating the carbon sink of terrestrial vegetation, the amount of CO2 absorbed by vegetation per unit time, that is, GPP, is usually used for characterization.

[0087] For the dimension of crops, during the growth period of crops, they will capture CO2 in the air through photosynthesis, synthesize carbohydrates and release oxygen for their own growth and development. It is a mature and feasible method to calculate the carbon absorption amount using crop yields.

[0088] For the dimension of water areas, water area carbon absorption is an indispensable part of the natural carbon cycle. It mainly dissolves CO2 into water through two ways: water area carbon fixation and wet and dry deposition, thus playing an important role in maintaining ecological balance.

[0089] In this embodiment, for the carbon emission amount in the carbon emission and absorption amount model, it is calculated from six dimensions: energy consumption, industrial production process, waste treatment, agriculture, respiration, and water area carbon volatilization. The calculated carbon emission amount is the carbon emission amount generated by the gradient land use in the area to be evaluated.

[0090] For the dimension of energy consumption, the dimension of energy consumption mainly includes energy consumption carbon emissions and biomass fuels. Energy consumption is an important emission source of greenhouse gases, and traditional energy consumption represented by fossil energy is the main source of carbon emissions. In some specific embodiments, 20 energy types such as raw coal, washed clean coal, coke, gasoline, coal, oil, and natural gas are the main accounting items. Biomass fuels have a wide range of sources, with the characteristics of high calorific value, low density, and easy combustion, and are the main energy sources in the daily life of rural residents.

[0091] For the dimension of industrial production process, industrial production carbon emissions are an important emission source carried by construction land, including CO2 generated during the industrial production process, product use, and non-energy use of fossil energy carbon.

[0092] It should be noted that since the carbon emissions from energy consumption have been separately accounted for in the dimension of energy consumption, only the carbon emissions caused by industrial production processes are considered.

[0093] For the waste treatment dimension, the greenhouse gases released during the waste treatment process have a negative impact on the environment and exacerbate global warming. Due to the complexity of the waste treatment process and the difficulty in obtaining data, rural domestic waste is usually discarded randomly without treatment.

[0094] Optionally, in some specific embodiments, referring to the calculation suggestions put forward in the "Compilation Guide for Provincial Greenhouse Gas Inventories (Trial)", choose to account for CH4 and CO2 generated from the treatment of urban domestic waste, domestic sewage and industrial wastewater, and do not consider the carbon emissions of rural domestic waste.

[0095] For the agricultural dimension, agricultural carbon emissions come from carbon emissions caused by agricultural activities, including agricultural production carbon emissions, CH4 emissions from paddy fields, animal intestinal fermentation and manure management, etc.

[0096] Optionally, considering that the degree of agricultural mechanization in the vertical gradient area is not high and large-scale agriculture is not yet mature, and the statistics of farmland irrigation, ploughing, and the use of agricultural machinery and equipment are incomplete. Therefore, the carbon emissions from agricultural production are considered to be accounted for from the aspects of the input and use of production materials such as pesticides, fertilizers, and agricultural films.

[0097] For the respiration dimension, the carbon emissions generated by respiration are part of the carbon emissions from land gradient utilization and have a significant impact on the carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems.

[0098] Optionally, the carbon emissions from land gradient utilization in the area to be evaluated can be accounted for from aspects such as human and animal respiration, vegetation autotrophic respiration, and soil heterotrophic respiration.

[0099] For the water area carbon volatilization dimension, water area carbon volatilization is a natural carbon release process. Optionally, water area carbon volatilization can cover river carbon volatilization and lake carbon volatilization.

[0100] Step S20, determine the carbon emission net value of the area to be evaluated according to the difference between the carbon absorption amount and the carbon emission amount, calculate the spatial autocorrelation index of the area to be evaluated according to the carbon emission net value; and determine the spatial change direction of the carbon emissions in the area to be evaluated;

[0101] In this embodiment, the land area is jointly evaluated from two dimensions of the spatial autocorrelation index and the spatial change direction of carbon emissions, and the interaction mechanism between land use and carbon emissions is revealed from two levels of spatial correlation and dynamic trend.

[0102] The spatial autocorrelation index includes the local autocorrelation index and the global autocorrelation index. Spatial autocorrelation can reveal the spatial dependence and interaction of the research object by measuring the correlation between the observed values of nearby statistical units.

[0103] Optionally, the global autocorrelation index can be calculated by methods such as Moran's I, Geary's C, Getis-Ord General G, etc.; the local autocorrelation index can be calculated by methods such as Local Moran's I, Local Geary's C, and Getis-Ord Local Gi*. The specific index to be selected is not limited in this embodiment.

[0104] In this embodiment, by combining spatial autocorrelation with the spatial change direction of carbon emissions, the impact of land use change on carbon emissions can be analyzed.

[0105] Optionally, the spatial change direction of carbon emissions can be determined by methods such as Trend Surface Analysis, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method based on spatial expansion, and standard deviation ellipse. The specific index to be selected is not limited in this embodiment.

[0106] Step S30: Determine the evaluation result of the carbon emission spatial correlation of the area to be evaluated according to the spatial autocorrelation index and / or the spatial change direction of carbon emissions.

[0107] In this embodiment, the evaluation result of the carbon emission spatial correlation is a data set, which can be displayed in a visual form on the user interface.

[0108] There are various results for the evaluation result of the carbon emission spatial correlation. This result is affected by the spatial autocorrelation index and / or the spatial change direction of carbon emissions, and its specific content depends on the degree of the vertical zone and altitude gradient of the area to be evaluated.

[0109] In the technical solution provided in this embodiment, by calculating the carbon absorption amount in the area to be evaluated from three dimensions: natural vegetation dimension, crop dimension, and water area dimension, and calculating the carbon emission amount in the area to be evaluated from six dimensions: energy consumption dimension, industrial production process dimension, waste treatment dimension, agricultural dimension, respiration dimension, and water area carbon volatilization dimension, a carbon emission and absorption calculation model that is more in line with the area with obvious vertical zonality and altitude gradient is constructed; calculating the spatial autocorrelation index based on the net carbon emission calculated by the carbon emission and absorption calculation model can more accurately analyze the relationship between the spatial distribution of carbon emissions and land use in the area to be evaluated; in addition, a joint evaluation of the land area is carried out from two dimensions: the spatial autocorrelation index and the spatial change direction of carbon emissions, revealing the correlation between the spatial differentiation law of carbon emissions and the land use driving mechanism in the area.

[0110] Second Embodiment

[0111] Based on the first embodiment, in this embodiment, regarding how to calculate the carbon absorption amount from three dimensions: the natural vegetation dimension, the crop dimension, and the water area dimension, the calculation methods for the above three dimensions are given in this embodiment:

[0112] (1.1) Natural vegetation dimension

[0113] Obtain the carbon sink capacity per unit area corresponding to the target type of vegetation in the area to be evaluated and the land area corresponding to the target type of vegetation;

[0114] Calculate the natural vegetation carbon absorption amount according to the carbon sink capacity per unit area and the land area;

[0115] Take the sum of the natural vegetation carbon absorption amounts corresponding to each target type of vegetation as the carbon absorption amount calculated from the natural vegetation dimension;

[0116] Exemplarily, the calculation formula is as follows:

[0117]

[0118] In the formula, CS vegetation is the natural vegetation carbon absorption amount, GPP i is the carbon sink capacity per unit area of the vegetation of target type i, and A i is the land area corresponding to the target type of vegetation.

[0119] Furthermore, the value of GPP i can be referred to as shown in Table 1 below:

[0120] Table 1. Natural vegetation carbon absorption parameters

[0121]

[0122] (1.2) Crop dimension

[0123] Obtain the biological yield of the target type of crop in the area to be evaluated, the carbon absorption rate for synthesizing unit organic matter of the target type of crop, and the water content of the target type of crop;

[0124] Calculate the photosynthetic carbon absorption amount of the target type of crop according to the biological yield, the carbon absorption rate, and the water content;

[0125] Take the sum of the photosynthetic carbon absorption amounts corresponding to each target type of crop as the carbon absorption amount calculated from the crop dimension;

[0126] Exemplarily, the crop carbon absorption calculation formula is as follows:

[0127]

[0128] Wherein, CS crops is the carbon absorption of crops; Y i is the biological yield of the target type of crop i, which is mainly obtained by dividing the economic yield (YE i ) of the corresponding crop by its economic coefficient (H i ); CSR i is the carbon absorption rate of the target type of crop i for synthesizing unit organic matter; P i is the water content of the target type of crop i.

[0129] Furthermore, the crop carbon absorption parameters are shown in Table 2 below:

[0130] Table 2. Crop Carbon Absorption Parameters

[0131]

[0132]

[0133] (1.3) Water Area Dimension

[0134] Obtain the carbon sequestration rate per unit area of water, the water area, the carbon absorption of wet and dry deposition per unit area of water, and the total area of the study area in the to-be-evaluated area;

[0135] Calculate the carbon absorption of water according to the carbon sequestration rate per unit area of water, the water area, the carbon absorption of wet and dry deposition per unit area of water, and the total area of the study area;

[0136] Take the carbon absorption of water as the carbon absorption calculated from the water area dimension.

[0137] Exemplarily, the calculation expression of the carbon absorption of water is as follows:

[0138]

[0139] Wherein, CS water is the carbon absorption of water; WSR is the carbon sequestration rate per unit area of water; A water is the water area; WDD is the carbon absorption of wet and dry deposition per unit area of water, and A is the total area of the to-be-evaluated area.

[0140] Furthermore, the water carbon absorption and carbon emission parameters are shown in Table 3 below:

[0141] Table 3. Water Carbon Absorption and Carbon Emission Parameters

[0142]

[0143] The Third Embodiment

[0144] Based on any one of the embodiments, in this embodiment, regarding how to calculate the carbon emissions from six dimensions, namely the energy consumption dimension, the industrial production process dimension, the waste treatment dimension, the agricultural dimension, the respiration dimension, and the water area carbon volatilization dimension, the calculation methods for the above six dimensions are given in this embodiment:

[0145] (1.4) Energy consumption dimension

[0146] Obtain the consumption amount, net calorific value, carbon dioxide emission coefficient, and methane emission coefficient of the target type of energy in the area to be evaluated. According to the consumption amount, the net calorific value, the carbon dioxide emission coefficient, and the methane emission coefficient, calculate the carbon emissions from energy consumption; and, obtain the consumption amount, carbon dioxide emission factor, and methane emission factor of the target type of biomass fuel in the area to be evaluated. According to the consumption amount, the carbon dioxide emission factor, and the methane emission factor, calculate the carbon emissions from the combustion of the target type of biomass fuel; determine the sum of the carbon emissions from energy consumption corresponding to each target type of energy and the sum of the carbon emissions from the combustion of biomass fuels corresponding to each target type of biomass fuel as the carbon emissions calculated from the energy consumption dimension;

[0147] In this embodiment, the energy consumption dimension is calculated from two sub - dimensions: carbon emissions from energy consumption and carbon emissions from the combustion of biomass fuels.

[0148] Exemplarily, the calculation expression for carbon emissions from energy consumption is as follows:

[0149]

[0150] In the formula, CE energy is the carbon emissions from energy consumption; E i is the consumption amount of the i - th type of target energy; NCV i is the net calorific value (also known as the average lower calorific value) of the i - th type of target energy; EM i is the CO2 emission coefficient of the i - th type of target energy, which can be calculated by the product of the carbon content per unit calorific value and the carbon oxidation rate; CF i is the CH4 emission coefficient of the i - th type of target energy.

[0151] Furthermore, the values of the carbon emission parameters for each energy type can refer to Table 4 below:

[0152] Table 4. Carbon emission parameters for each energy type

[0153]

[0154]

[0155] Exemplarily, the calculation expression of the carbon emission from biomass fuel combustion is as follows:

[0156]

[0157] In the formula, CE biomass is the carbon emission from biomass fuel combustion; E i is the fuel consumption of the target type of biomass fuel i, including the consumption of straw (rice, wheat, corn, rapeseed, soybean, and cotton) and firewood; EM i and CF i are the CO2 and CH4 emission factors of the target type of biomass fuel respectively, and the specific values are shown in Table 5.

[0158] Furthermore, the calculation formulas for the consumption of straw directly burned as fuel and burned in the open air are as follows:

[0159]

[0160] In the formula, E is the consumption of straw burned, P k is the yield of the kth kind of crop, N k is the straw-to-grain ratio of the kth kind of crop, R is the straw burning ratio, and η is the combustion rate. The specific parameters are shown in Table 5:

[0161] Table 5. Parameters of straw consumption

[0162]

[0163] (1.5) Industrial production process dimension

[0164] Obtain the production volume and carbon dioxide emission factor of the target type of industrial product in the area to be evaluated;

[0165] Calculate the industrial production carbon emission of the target type of industrial product according to the production volume and the carbon dioxide emission factor;

[0166] Take the sum of the industrial production carbon emissions corresponding to each target type of industrial product as the carbon emission calculated from the industrial production process dimension;

[0167] Exemplarily, the calculation formula of the industrial production carbon emission is as follows:

[0168]

[0169] In the formula, CE manu is the sum of the industrial production carbon emissions corresponding to each target type of industrial product; Q i is the production volume of the target type of industrial product i; EF i is the CO2 emission factor of the target type of industrial product i;

[0170] Furthermore, the values of the carbon emission factors in the industrial production process can be referred to Table 6:

[0171] Table 6. Carbon Emission Factors in Industrial Production Process

[0172]

[0173]

[0174] (1.6) Waste Disposal Dimension

[0175] Obtain the annual garbage generation amount, the annual garbage landfill treatment rate, the annual methane recovery amount, the oxidation factor, and the methane generation potential coefficient of the target type domestic waste landfill in the area to be evaluated. Calculate the methane emissions of the target type domestic waste landfill according to the annual garbage generation amount, the annual garbage landfill treatment rate, the annual methane recovery amount, the oxidation factor, and the methane generation potential coefficient; and,

[0176] Obtain the incineration treatment amount, the carbon content ratio, the proportion of mineral carbon in the total carbon, the garbage combustion efficiency, and the carbon dioxide conversion coefficient of the urban domestic waste in the area to be evaluated in the current year. Calculate the carbon dioxide generation amount from the incineration of domestic waste in the area to be evaluated according to the incineration treatment amount, the carbon content ratio, the proportion of mineral carbon in the total carbon, the garbage combustion efficiency, and the carbon dioxide conversion coefficient; and,

[0177] Obtain the total amount of organic matter, the maximum methane generation capacity, the methane correction factor, and the methane recovery amount in the domestic sewage in the area to be evaluated. Calculate the total amount of methane generated from domestic sewage treatment according to the total amount of organic matter, the maximum methane generation capacity, the methane correction factor, and the methane recovery amount; and,

[0178] Obtain the total amount of organic matter in the degradable wastewater of the target industrial sector, the total amount of organic matter removed by sludge, the methane correction factor, and the methane recovery amount. Calculate the carbon emissions generated from industrial wastewater treatment according to the total amount of organic matter in the degradable wastewater, the total amount of organic matter removed by sludge, the methane correction factor, and the methane recovery amount;

[0179] Determine the carbon emissions calculated from the waste disposal dimension according to the sum of the methane emissions of each target type domestic waste landfill, the carbon dioxide generation amount from the incineration of domestic waste, the total amount of methane generated from domestic sewage treatment, and the sum of the carbon emissions generated from industrial wastewater treatment of each target industrial sector;

[0180] In this embodiment, the carbon emissions of waste treatment are calculated based on methane and / or carbon dioxide generated from three sub-dimensions: municipal solid waste, domestic sewage, and industrial wastewater treatment.

[0181] Exemplarily, the carbon emission calculation formula for landfill of municipal solid waste is as follows:

[0182]

[0183] P0 = LCF × DOC × DOC f × L × 16 / 12

[0184] In the formula, is the CH4 emission of carbon emissions from landfill of municipal solid waste; W p is the annual waste generation in this area; W d is the waste landfill treatment rate; P0 is the CH4 generation potential of landfills for different types of municipal solid waste (10 4 tCH4 / 10 4 t waste). LCF is the CH4 correction factor (ratio) of landfills for different types of municipal solid waste; DOC is the degradable organic carbon; DOC f is the decomposition ratio of degradable organic carbon (DOC); L is the proportion of CH4 in the gas generated from waste landfill; R is the CH4 recovery amount; OF is the oxidation factor.

[0185] It should be noted that the above carbon emission calculation model for landfill of municipal solid waste is constructed based on the characteristics of municipal solid waste in Europe and America, and there will be errors in evaluating CH4 emissions from landfills in China. Therefore, it needs to be corrected. Thus, in this embodiment, LCF is introduced as the CH4 correction factor for landfills of different types of municipal solid waste.

[0186] Furthermore, the values of each parameter can be referred to in Table 7 below:

[0187] Table 7. CH4 Emission Parameters for Landfill of Municipal Solid Waste

[0188]

[0189] Exemplarily, the carbon emission calculation formula for incineration of municipal solid waste is as follows:

[0190]

[0191] In the formula, is the carbon emissions of the annual municipal solid waste in the area to be evaluated; WI is the incineration treatment amount of municipal solid waste; WCP is the proportion of carbon content in municipal solid waste; MCP is the proportion of mineral carbon in the total carbon of municipal solid waste; IE is the combustion efficiency of municipal solid waste; 44 / 12 is the conversion coefficient for converting carbon to CO2.

[0192] Furthermore, for the parameter values in the carbon emission calculation formula for municipal solid waste incineration, refer to Table 8 below:

[0193]

[0194] Exemplarily, the carbon emission calculation formula for domestic sewage treatment is as follows:

[0195]

[0196] In the formula, is the methane emission of municipal solid waste in the year of the area to be evaluated; BOD is the total amount of organic matter in domestic sewage; G is the maximum generation capacity of CH4; MCF is the CH4 correction factor; R is the CH4 recovery amount.

[0197] It should be noted that since only the chemical oxygen demand (COD) data is statistically available in China, COD can be converted to BOD during calculation, and the conversion coefficient is 0.51.

[0198] Exemplarily, the carbon emission calculation formula for industrial wastewater treatment is as follows:

[0199]

[0200] In the formula, is the total amount of CH4 released from the industrial wastewater treatment in the area to be evaluated; i is the target industrial sector; COD i is the total amount of biodegradable organic matter in the wastewater of the target industrial sector i; D i is the organic matter removed in the form of sludge in the target industrial sector i.

[0201] Furthermore, the specific values are shown in Table 9.

[0202] Table 9. Carbon emission parameters for wastewater treatment

[0203]

[0204]

[0205] (1.7) Agricultural dimension

[0206] Obtain the input amount of the target type of agricultural production materials and the agricultural production material carbon emission factor in the area to be evaluated, and calculate the agricultural production carbon emissions corresponding to the target type of agricultural production materials according to the input amount and the agricultural production material carbon emission factor; and,

[0207] Obtain the planting area of the target type of rice and the methane emission factor in the area to be evaluated, and calculate the methane emissions of the target type of rice according to the rice planting area and the methane emission factor; and,

[0208] Obtain the number of animals of the target type, the methane emission factor of enteric fermentation, and the methane emission factor of manure management in the area to be evaluated, and calculate the carbon emissions of enteric fermentation and manure management of the animals of the target type according to the number, the methane emission factor of enteric fermentation, and the methane emission factor of manure management.

[0209] Determine the carbon emissions calculated from the agricultural dimension based on the sum of the agricultural production carbon emissions corresponding to each of the target type agricultural production materials, the sum of the methane emissions corresponding to each of the target type rice, and the sum of the carbon emissions of enteric fermentation and manure management of each of the target type animals.

[0210] In this embodiment, in areas with obvious vertical zonality and altitude gradients, the degree of agricultural mechanization is usually not high. Therefore, the accounting is only carried out from the aspects of the input and use of production materials such as pesticides, chemical fertilizers, and agricultural films, without considering the statistics of farmland irrigation, ploughing, and the use of agricultural machinery and equipment.

[0211] Exemplarily, the calculation expression of agricultural production carbon emissions is:

[0212]

[0213] In the formula, CE agriculture is the agricultural production carbon emissions; Q i is the input amount of the target type agricultural production material i; EF i is the carbon emission factor of the target type agricultural production material i.

[0214] Furthermore, the values of the carbon emission factors of agricultural production materials are shown in Table 10 below:

[0215] Table 10. Carbon Emission Factors of Agricultural Production Materials

[0216]

[0217] Exemplarily, the calculation expression of the methane emissions of the target type rice is as follows:

[0218]

[0219] In the formula, CE paddy is the total CH4 emissions from paddy fields; m is the rice planting type; A m is the planting area of the target type rice m; EF i is the CH4 emission factor corresponding to the target type rice m.

[0220] Furthermore, the values of the carbon emission factors of rice are shown in Table 11 below:

[0221] Table 11. Values of Carbon Emission Factors of Rice

[0222]

[0223] Exemplarily, the calculation expressions for the carbon emissions from animal intestinal fermentation and manure management are as follows:

[0224]

[0225] In the formula, CE animal is the carbon emissions from animal intestinal fermentation and manure management; N k is the number of animals of target type k; EF k1 is the CH4 emission factor corresponding to the intestinal fermentation of animals of target type k, and EF k2 is the CH4 emission factor corresponding to the manure management of animals of target type k;

[0226] Furthermore, the value of the CH4 emission factor corresponding to the manure management of animals of target type k can be as shown in Table 12 below:

[0227] Table 12. CH4 Emission Factors for Animal Intestinal Fermentation and Manure Management

[0228]

[0229] (1.8) Respiration Dimension

[0230] Obtain the population quantity and human respiration carbon emission factor in the area to be evaluated, as well as the quantity of each target type of livestock and the livestock respiration carbon emission factor, and calculate the human-livestock respiration carbon emissions in the area to be evaluated according to the population quantity, the human respiration carbon emission factor, the quantity of each target type of livestock, and the livestock respiration carbon emission factor;

[0231] Obtain the land area of the target type of vegetation in the area to be evaluated, the autotrophic respiration amount per unit area of plants, and the heterotrophic respiration carbon emissions, and calculate the autotrophic respiration of plants and the heterotrophic respiration carbon emissions of the soil of the target type of vegetation according to the land area, the autotrophic respiration amount per unit area of plants, and the heterotrophic respiration carbon emissions;

[0232] Determine the carbon emissions calculated from the respiration dimension according to the human-livestock respiration carbon emissions and the autotrophic respiration of plants and the heterotrophic respiration carbon emissions of the soil corresponding to each target type of vegetation.

[0233] In this embodiment, the carbon emissions generated by respiration are a component of the carbon emissions from land gradient utilization and have a significant impact on the carbon balance of the terrestrial ecosystem. Therefore, in this embodiment, the carbon emissions from land gradient utilization in the central Yunnan urban agglomeration are accounted for from aspects such as human-livestock respiration, vegetation autotrophic respiration, and soil heterotrophic respiration.

[0234] Exemplarily, the calculation expression of the carbon emissions from human and livestock respiration is as follows:

[0235]

[0236] In the formula, CE breathe is the carbon emissions generated by human and livestock respiration in the area to be evaluated; N h is the population number, and N ai is the number of livestock of target type i; EF h is the carbon emission factor of human respiration, and EF ai is the carbon emission factor of livestock of target type i respiration.

[0237] Furthermore, the specific values are shown in Table 13 below:

[0238] Table 13. Carbon emission factors of human and livestock respiration

[0239]

[0240] (1.9) Water area carbon volatilization dimension

[0241] Obtain the area of rivers or lakes in the area to be evaluated, and the carbon volatilization factor per unit area of rivers or lakes. Calculate the carbon volatilization amount of the water area according to the area of rivers or lakes and the carbon volatilization factor per unit area of rivers or lakes, and use the carbon volatilization amount of the water area as the carbon emissions calculated from the water area carbon volatilization dimension.

[0242] Exemplarily, the calculation expression of the carbon volatilization amount of the water area is as follows:

[0243]

[0244] In the formula, CE water is the carbon volatilization amount of the water area in the area to be evaluated; A i is the area of rivers or lakes in the area to be evaluated; EF is the carbon volatilization factor per unit area of rivers or lakes.

[0245] Among them, the value of the carbon volatilization factor per unit area of rivers or lakes refers to Table 3 in the second embodiment.

[0246] Fourth Embodiment

[0247] Based on any of the above embodiments, in this embodiment, the evaluation results of carbon emission spatial correlation include the evaluation results of aggregation phenomenon, aggregation degree, and carbon emission spatial change.

[0248] In this embodiment, the evaluation of aggregation phenomenon refers to the systematic analysis of the centralized trend of land resources in space and its social, economic, and environmental effects, and the results of this evaluation are quantified by the global spatial autocorrelation index.

[0249] The assessment of agglomeration degree refers to the quantitative analysis of the intensive level of land resource utilization and its spatial differentiation characteristics. In this embodiment, it is quantified by the local spatial autocorrelation index.

[0250] The assessment of the spatial change of carbon emissions refers to calculating the remaining capacity of carbon emissions and its association with land use at the regional scale. In this embodiment, it is characterized by the direction of the spatial change of carbon emissions.

[0251] Further and optionally, in this embodiment, when the global spatial autocorrelation index is greater than the preset global index threshold, it is determined that the aggregation phenomenon assessment result is that there is an aggregation phenomenon; when the global spatial autocorrelation index is less than the preset global index threshold, it is determined that the aggregation phenomenon assessment result is that there is a dispersion phenomenon; when the global spatial autocorrelation index is equal to the preset global index threshold, it is determined that the aggregation phenomenon assessment result is that there is no spatial correlation.

[0252] It should be noted that when different methods are used as the global spatial autocorrelation index, the corresponding global index thresholds are also different. Exemplarily, assuming that the Moran index is used as the global spatial autocorrelation index, the global index threshold is set to 0; assuming that the Geary index is used as the threshold, the global index threshold is set to 1; and if the Getis-Ord global G index is used as the global spatial autocorrelation index, the threshold is the expected value corresponding to this index.

[0253] In addition, it should also be noted that when the global spatial autocorrelation index is greater than the preset global index threshold, which further indicates that the land shows an aggregation phenomenon, the larger the global spatial autocorrelation index, the higher the degree of land aggregation, indicating that the land phenomenon is concentrated functional zoning, resource-dependent aggregation, and policy-driven contiguous development. This kind of land phenomenon usually appears in land areas with land use types such as cultivated land, forest land, grassland, water area, industry, agriculture, or ecological protection areas.

[0254] When the global spatial autocorrelation index is less than the preset global index threshold, which further indicates that the land shows a dispersion phenomenon, the smaller the global spatial autocorrelation index, the higher the degree of land dispersion, indicating that the land phenomenon is functional isolation, ecological-development contradiction, and resource competition fragmentation. This kind of land phenomenon usually appears in areas with land use types such as urban land.

[0255] When the global spatial autocorrelation index is equal to the preset global index threshold, which further indicates that the land has no spatial correlation, it indicates that the land phenomenon is multi-factor mixing, mixed use in the transition zone, homogenization, or unplanned distribution. It is necessary to focus on formulating relevant strategies for carbon emission optimization in this area. This kind of land phenomenon usually appears in areas with land use types such as the urban-rural fringe, industrial and mining, and transportation construction land.

[0256] On the other hand, further and optionally, in this embodiment, when the local spatial autocorrelation index is greater than the preset local index threshold, it is determined that the agglomeration degree evaluation result is high-value / low-value aggregation; when the local spatial autocorrelation index is less than the preset local index threshold, it is determined that the aggregation phenomenon evaluation result is spatial anomaly; when the local spatial autocorrelation index is equal to the preset local index threshold, it is determined that the aggregation phenomenon evaluation result is no spatial correlation;

[0257] High-value / low-value aggregation refers to that the attribute values of a certain land unit and its adjacent areas are all significantly higher / lower than the global average level. High-value aggregation reflects the enrichment of land resources or functional polarization, such as industrial land, urban development zones, or main agricultural production areas, etc.

[0258] Spatial anomaly refers to that high values are surrounded by low values (that is, the attribute value of a certain land unit is high, but the attribute values of adjacent areas are low, abbreviated as high-low anomaly), or low values are surrounded by high values (that is, the attribute value of a certain land unit is low, but the attribute values of adjacent areas are high, abbreviated as low-high anomaly).

[0259] No spatial correlation means that the local spatial autocorrelation is not significant, and there is no statistical correlation between the land attribute values and adjacent areas.

[0260] The above method is applicable to methods such as the local Moran index or Getis-Ord local G index.

[0261] Alternatively, according to the magnitude of the local spatial autocorrelation index, the degree of local spatial autocorrelation is determined, where the local spatial autocorrelation index is positively correlated with the degree of local spatial autocorrelation.

[0262] This method is applicable to the local Geary index. Among them, the smaller the local spatial autocorrelation index, the stronger the local spatial autocorrelation; the larger the local spatial autocorrelation index, the weaker the local spatial autocorrelation.

[0263] On the other hand, further and optionally, in this embodiment, the spatial change direction of carbon emissions in the area to be evaluated is determined based on the principal component analysis method or the standard deviation ellipse.

[0264] The principal component analysis method obtains the horizontal and vertical coordinates corresponding to each research unit in the area to be evaluated, and determines the principal component analysis result of the research unit according to the horizontal and vertical coordinates. The first principal component direction corresponds to the direction of the maximum variance of the data distribution, representing the dispersion degree of its main direction.

[0265] The standard deviation ellipse is

[0266] The carbon emission center of gravity in the area to be evaluated is selected according to the net carbon emission value, the standard deviation ellipse is calculated according to the horizontal and vertical coordinates corresponding to the carbon emission center of gravity, and the change direction of the standard deviation ellipse within the historical period is determined.

[0267] Specifically and optionally, the area to be evaluated is divided into multiple research units. After calculating the net carbon emission value for each research unit based on the aforementioned carbon emission and absorption calculation model, the units in each research unit with a net carbon emission value greater than the preset net carbon emission value are selected as the carbon emission centers of gravity.

[0268] In this embodiment, the parameters of the standard deviation ellipse include the major-axis standard deviation, the minor-axis standard deviation, and the direction angle. The major-axis standard deviation characterizes the degree of dispersion of the data along the main direction. The larger the value, the more dispersed the data along the main direction. The minor-axis standard deviation characterizes the degree of dispersion of the data along the secondary direction. The larger the value, the more dispersed the data along the secondary direction. The direction angle characterizes the clockwise angle between the major axis of the ellipse and the due north direction, indicating the main trend direction of the data distribution.

[0269] The Fifth Embodiment

[0270] Based on any of the embodiments, in this embodiment, the terrain of the central Yunnan urban agglomeration in the central and eastern regions of Yunnan Province (100°43′07″ - 104°82′40″E, 22°99′73″ - 27°03′19″N) during 2000 - 2020 is used as the area to be evaluated, and the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of carbon emissions in terms of the transfer characteristics of land gradient utilization types of the terrain of the central Yunnan urban agglomeration are analyzed based on the model constructed above.

[0271] In this example, the net carbon emission values of land gradient utilization in the central Yunnan urban agglomeration from 2000 to 2020 are shown in Table 14 below:

[0272] Table 14. Changes in Net Carbon Emission Values of the Central Yunnan Urban Agglomeration from 2000 to 2020 (unit: 10,000 tons)

[0273]

[0274] The carbon emissions from the land gradient utilization in the central Yunnan urban agglomeration are much higher than the carbon absorption, highlighting the prominent contradiction between development and protection in this region. During the research period, the carbon emissions from land gradient utilization increased rapidly, surging from 4.153261 million tons in 2000 to 73.315134 million tons in 2020, a more than 17-fold increase. This also indicates that the carbon emission problem in the central Yunnan urban agglomeration is serious and urgently needs attention and solution. The carbon emissions from land gradient utilization mainly stem from energy consumption, industrial production processes, and respiration. In 2020, the carbon emissions of these three accounted for 97.92% of the total emissions. Among them, the carbon emissions from energy consumption accounted for 30.35%, the carbon emissions from industrial production processes accounted for 32.82%, and the carbon emissions from respiration accounted for 34.75%. Only in terms of quantity, the respiration of organisms such as humans, animals, and plants is the primary carbon source in the central Yunnan urban agglomeration, followed by energy consumption and industrial production processes. The reason is that respiration is an essential process for the survival and growth of organisms and cannot be controlled or reduced by technological means. The central Yunnan urban agglomeration is rich in natural vegetation species and large in quantity. During the photosynthesis process, the CO2 absorption amount is not only higher than that in other regions, but the CO2 released during its respiration also increases due to the large vegetation base. Although energy consumption and industrial production processes are important sources of carbon emissions in the central Yunnan urban agglomeration, their emissions are affected by economic activities and the level of social development, and clean energy and green production technologies can control or reduce carbon emissions to a certain extent. In contrast, the emissions from the respiration of organisms are relatively less affected by human social activities and belong to a natural carbon process. In addition, the carbon volatilization from water areas, waste treatment, and agricultural carbon emissions are the least, at 0.0041 million tons, 46.4467 million tons, and 2.83896 million tons respectively. Although there has been an increase compared with 2000, their proportion in the whole system is relatively small and does not dominate.

[0275] Based on the above analysis, according to the complex correspondence relationship between the accounting items and land gradient utilization in this paper, the carbon emissions and carbon absorption amounts borne by different land use types are further quantitatively analyzed to reveal the role of different land use types in the carbon cycle. See Table 15 below:

[0276] Table 15. Changes in the net carbon emissions of different land use types in the central Yunnan urban agglomeration (10,000 tons)

[0277]

[0278] It can be seen that cultivated land, forest land, and water areas, as ecological land, mainly undertake the function of carbon absorption and are important forces in maintaining regional carbon balance. Urban land, rural settlements, and industrial and transportation construction land, as areas with intensive human production and living activities and frequent human activities, are the main carbon source types. It is worth mentioning that although grassland also contributes to the carbon cycle, its carbon absorption through photosynthesis is relatively small and is easily affected by multiple factors such as its own respiration, human activities (overgrazing, land reclamation), and climate change, resulting in soil organic carbon loss and accelerated decomposition, and overall showing a state where carbon emissions are greater than carbon absorption. Cultivated land not only effectively absorbs CO2 through the photosynthesis of crops, but also further enhances its carbon sink effect through agricultural management measures such as crop rotation and fallow, increasing the carbon absorption of cultivated land from 8.008904 million tons in 2000 to 11.368607 million tons during 2020, becoming a carbon sink type that cannot be ignored. Forest land, as a core part of the carbon cycle in terrestrial ecosystems, continuously plays a strong role in carbon absorption. Although its carbon absorption has fluctuated slightly in the past 20 years, it has generally remained stable. Water areas also play a role in carbon absorption. Although their area may change due to natural and human factors, their carbon absorption capacity always maintains at a certain level. On the contrary, the carbon emissions carried by carbon source types are increasing year by year. Among them, the carbon emissions of industrial and transportation construction land have increased sharply, from 23.195135 million tons in 2000 to 87.702290 million tons in 2020. This increase is mainly due to the acceleration of the industrialization process in the central Yunnan urban agglomeration, the continuous improvement of the transportation network, and the continuous influence of traditional high-energy-consuming and high-emission industries. The carbon emissions of rural settlements also show an increasing trend, reaching 13.870830 million tons in 2020, mainly because the improvement of rural residents' living standards has led to an increase in energy consumption and the strengthening of agricultural production activities. In contrast, although urban land faces carbon emission pressure, thanks to the effective implementation of urban energy conservation and emission reduction policies and the wide application of green building technologies, its carbon emission growth rate is relatively gentle. In addition, the carbon emissions of grassland have also increased slightly in the past 20 years, reaching 0.421696 million tons in 2020.

[0279] In addition, as an implementation solution, referring to Figure 2 , this embodiment also proposes a carbon emission spatial correlation assessment model, and the carbon emission spatial correlation assessment model includes:

[0280] A land gradient utilization model 100, which is used to calculate the carbon absorption of the area to be evaluated from the dimensions of natural vegetation, crops, and water areas; and calculate the carbon emissions of the area to be evaluated from the dimensions of energy consumption, industrial production process, waste treatment, agriculture, respiration, and water area carbon volatilization;

[0281] The spatial autocorrelation index calculation module 200 is used to determine the net carbon emission value of the area to be evaluated according to the difference between the carbon absorption amount and the carbon emission amount, and calculate the spatial autocorrelation index of the area to be evaluated; and,

[0282] The carbon emission spatial change evaluation module 300 is used to determine the direction of the carbon emission spatial change of the area to be evaluated;

[0283] The evaluation module 400 for the evaluation result of the carbon emission spatial correlation is used to determine the evaluation result of the carbon emission spatial correlation of the area to be evaluated according to the spatial autocorrelation index and / or the direction of the carbon emission spatial change.

[0284] In addition, as an implementation solution, Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the hardware operating environment of the carbon emission spatial correlation evaluation system involved in the embodiment solution of this application.

[0285] As Figure 3 shown, the carbon emission spatial correlation evaluation system may include: a processor 1001, such as a CPU, a memory 1005, a user interface 1003, a network interface 1004, and a communication bus 1002. Among them, the communication bus 1002 is used to realize the connection and communication between these components. The user interface 1003 may include a display screen (Display) and an input unit such as a keyboard (Keyboard). Optionally, the user interface 1003 may further include a standard wired interface and a wireless interface. The network interface 1004 may optionally include a standard wired interface and a wireless interface (such as a WI-FI interface). The memory 1005 may be a high-speed RAM memory or a stable memory (non-volatile memory), such as a disk memory. Optionally, the memory 1005 may also be a storage device independent of the foregoing processor 1001.

[0286] Those skilled in the art can understand that, Figure 3 the architecture of the carbon emission spatial correlation evaluation system shown in

[0287] As Figure 3 shown, the memory 1005 as a storage medium may include an operating system, a network communication module, a user interface module, and a computer program. Among them, the operating system is a program for managing and controlling the hardware and software resources of the carbon emission spatial correlation evaluation system, and the operation of the computer program and other software or programs.

[0288] In Figure 3In the shown carbon emission spatial correlation assessment system, the user interface 1003 is mainly used to connect to the terminal and communicate data with the terminal; the network interface 1004 is mainly used to connect to the background server and communicate data with the background server; the processor 1001 can be used to call the computer program stored in the memory 1005.

[0289] In this embodiment, the carbon emission spatial correlation assessment system includes: a memory 1005, a processor 1001, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, where:

[0290] When the processor 1001 calls the computer program stored in the memory 1005, the following operations are performed:

[0291] Calculate the carbon absorption amount of the area to be evaluated from the dimensions of natural vegetation, crops, and water areas; and calculate the carbon emission amount of the area to be evaluated from the dimensions of energy consumption, industrial production process, waste treatment, agriculture, respiration, and water area carbon volatilization;

[0292] Determine the net carbon emission value of the area to be evaluated according to the difference between the carbon absorption amount and the carbon emission amount, calculate the spatial autocorrelation index of the area to be evaluated according to the net carbon emission value; and,

[0293] Determine the spatial change direction of the carbon emission of the area to be evaluated;

[0294] Determine the carbon emission spatial correlation assessment result of the area to be evaluated according to the spatial autocorrelation index and / or the spatial change direction of the carbon emission.

[0295] When the processor 1001 calls the computer program stored in the memory 1005, the following operations are performed:

[0296] (1.1) Dimension of natural vegetation

[0297] Obtain the carbon sink capacity per unit area of the target type vegetation corresponding to the area to be evaluated and the land area corresponding to the target type vegetation;

[0298] Calculate the natural vegetation carbon absorption amount according to the carbon sink capacity per unit area and the land area;

[0299] Take the sum of the natural vegetation carbon absorption amounts corresponding to each target type vegetation as the carbon absorption amount calculated from the dimension of natural vegetation;

[0300] (1.2) Dimension of crops

[0301] Obtain the biological yield of the target type of crops in the area to be evaluated, the carbon absorption rate of the target type of crops for synthesizing unit organic matter, and the water content of the target type of crops;

[0302] Calculate the photosynthetic carbon absorption of the target type of crops according to the biological yield, the carbon absorption rate, and the water content;

[0303] Take the sum of the photosynthetic carbon absorption corresponding to each target type of crops as the carbon absorption calculated from the crop dimension;

[0304] (1.3) Water area dimension

[0305] Obtain the carbon sequestration rate per unit area of water area, the water area, the carbon absorption of dry and wet deposition per unit area of water area, and the total area of the area to be evaluated in the area to be evaluated;

[0306] Calculate the carbon absorption of the water area according to the carbon sequestration rate per unit area of water area, the water area, the carbon absorption of dry and wet deposition per unit area of water area, and the total area of the area to be evaluated;

[0307] Take the carbon absorption of the water area as the carbon absorption calculated from the water area dimension.

[0308] When the processor 1001 calls the computer program stored in the memory 1005, the following operations are performed:

[0309] (1.4) Energy consumption dimension

[0310] Obtain the consumption, net calorific value, carbon dioxide emission factor, and methane emission factor of the target type of energy in the area to be evaluated, and calculate the carbon emissions from energy consumption according to the consumption, the net calorific value, the carbon dioxide emission factor, and the methane emission factor; and, obtain the consumption, carbon dioxide emission factor, and methane emission factor of the target type of biomass fuel in the area to be evaluated, and calculate the carbon emissions from biomass fuel combustion of the target type of biomass fuel according to the consumption, the carbon dioxide emission factor, and the methane emission factor; Determine the sum of the carbon emissions from energy consumption corresponding to each target type of energy and the sum of the carbon emissions from biomass fuel combustion corresponding to each target type of biomass fuel as the carbon emissions calculated from the energy consumption dimension;

[0311] (1.5) Industrial production process dimension

[0312] Obtain the production volume and carbon dioxide emission factor of the target type of industrial products in the area to be evaluated;

[0313] Calculate the industrial production carbon emissions of the target type of industrial products according to the production volume and the carbon dioxide emission factor;

[0314] Sum the industrial production carbon emissions corresponding to each of the target type industrial products as the carbon emissions calculated from the industrial production process dimension;

[0315] (1.6) Waste treatment dimension

[0316] Obtain the annual garbage generation amount, annual garbage landfill treatment rate, annual methane recovery amount, oxidation factor, and methane generation potential coefficient of the target type domestic waste landfill in the area to be evaluated. Calculate the methane emissions of the target type domestic waste landfill based on the annual garbage generation amount, the annual garbage landfill treatment rate, the annual methane recovery amount, the oxidation factor, and the methane generation potential coefficient; and,

[0317] Obtain the incineration treatment amount, carbon content ratio, proportion of mineral carbon in the total carbon, waste combustion efficiency, and carbon dioxide conversion coefficient of the urban domestic waste in the area to be evaluated in the current year. Calculate the carbon dioxide generation amount from the incineration of domestic waste in the area to be evaluated based on the incineration treatment amount, the carbon content ratio, the proportion of mineral carbon in the total carbon, the waste combustion efficiency, and the carbon dioxide conversion coefficient; and,

[0318] Obtain the total amount of organic matter, maximum methane generation capacity, methane correction factor, and methane recovery amount in the domestic sewage in the area to be evaluated. Calculate the total amount of methane generated from domestic sewage treatment based on the total amount of organic matter, the maximum methane generation capacity, the methane correction factor, and the methane recovery amount; and,

[0319] Obtain the total amount of organic matter in the biodegradable wastewater of the target industrial sector, the total amount of organic matter removed by the sludge method, the methane correction factor, and the methane recovery amount. Calculate the carbon emissions generated from industrial wastewater treatment based on the total amount of organic matter in the biodegradable wastewater, the total amount of organic matter removed by the sludge method, the methane correction factor, and the methane recovery amount;

[0320] Determine the carbon emissions calculated from the waste treatment dimension based on the sum of the methane emissions of each of the target type domestic waste landfills, the carbon dioxide generation amount from the incineration of domestic waste, the total amount of methane generated from domestic sewage treatment, and the sum of the carbon emissions generated from industrial wastewater treatment of each of the target industrial sectors;

[0321] (1.7) Agricultural dimension

[0322] Obtain the input amount of the target type agricultural production materials and the agricultural production material carbon emission factor in the area to be evaluated. Calculate the agricultural production carbon emissions corresponding to the target type agricultural production materials based on the input amount and the agricultural production material carbon emission factor; and,

[0323] Obtain the planting area and methane emission factor of the target type of rice in the area to be evaluated, and calculate the methane emission amount of the target type of rice according to the rice planting area and the methane emission factor; and,

[0324] Obtain the number of the target type of animals, the enteric fermentation methane emission factor, and the manure management methane emission factor in the area to be evaluated, and calculate the carbon emissions from enteric fermentation and manure management of the target type of animals according to the number, the enteric fermentation methane emission factor, and the manure management methane emission factor;

[0325] Determine the carbon emissions calculated from the agricultural dimension according to the sum of the agricultural production carbon emissions corresponding to each of the target type of agricultural production materials, the sum of the methane emission amounts corresponding to each of the target type of rice, and the sum of the carbon emissions from enteric fermentation and manure management of each of the target type of animals;

[0326] (1.8) Respiration dimension

[0327] Obtain the population number and human respiration carbon emission factor in the area to be evaluated, as well as the number of each target type of livestock and the livestock respiration carbon emission factor, and calculate the carbon emissions from human and livestock respiration in the area to be evaluated according to the population number, the human respiration carbon emission factor, the number of each target type of livestock, and the livestock respiration carbon emission factor;

[0328] Obtain the land area of the target type of vegetation, the autotrophic respiration amount per unit area of plants, and the heterotrophic respiration carbon emission amount in the area to be evaluated, and calculate the carbon emissions from autotrophic respiration of plants and soil heterotrophic respiration of the target type of vegetation according to the land area, the autotrophic respiration amount per unit area of plants, and the heterotrophic respiration carbon emission amount;

[0329] Determine the carbon emissions calculated from the respiration dimension according to the carbon emissions from human and livestock respiration, and the carbon emissions from autotrophic respiration of plants and soil heterotrophic respiration corresponding to each of the target type of vegetation;

[0330] (1.9) Water area carbon volatilization dimension

[0331] Obtain the area of rivers or lakes in the area to be evaluated, and the carbon volatilization factor per unit area of rivers or lakes, and calculate the carbon volatilization amount of the water area, and use the carbon volatilization amount of the water area as the carbon emissions calculated from the water area carbon volatilization dimension.

[0332] When the processor 1001 calls the computer program stored in the memory 1005, the following operations are performed:

[0333] Determine the evaluation result of the aggregation phenomenon in the area to be evaluated according to the global spatial autocorrelation index;

[0334] Determine the evaluation result of the agglomeration degree in the area to be evaluated according to the local spatial autocorrelation index;

[0335] Determine the evaluation result of the carbon emission spatial change in the area to be evaluated according to the carbon emission spatial change direction.

[0336] When the processor 1001 calls the computer program stored in the memory 1005, the following operations are performed:

[0337] When the global spatial autocorrelation index is greater than the preset global index threshold, determine that the evaluation result of the aggregation phenomenon is the existence of an aggregation phenomenon;

[0338] When the global spatial autocorrelation index is less than the preset global index threshold, determine that the evaluation result of the aggregation phenomenon is the existence of a dispersion phenomenon;

[0339] When the global spatial autocorrelation index is equal to the preset global index threshold, determine that the evaluation result of the aggregation phenomenon is the absence of spatial correlation.

[0340] When the processor 1001 calls the computer program stored in the memory 1005, the following operations are performed:

[0341] When the local spatial autocorrelation index is greater than the preset local index threshold, determine that the evaluation result of the agglomeration degree is high-value / low-value aggregation;

[0342] When the local spatial autocorrelation index is less than the preset local index threshold, determine that the evaluation result of the aggregation phenomenon is a spatial anomaly;

[0343] When the local spatial autocorrelation index is equal to the preset local index threshold, determine that the evaluation result of the aggregation phenomenon is the absence of spatial correlation;

[0344] Or,

[0345] Determine the degree of local spatial autocorrelation according to the magnitude of the local spatial autocorrelation index, where the local spatial autocorrelation index is positively correlated with the degree of local spatial autocorrelation.

[0346] When the processor 1001 calls the computer program stored in the memory 1005, the following operations are performed:

[0347] Obtain the horizontal and vertical coordinates corresponding to each research unit in the area to be evaluated, determine the principal component analysis result of the research unit according to the horizontal and vertical coordinates, and use the principal component analysis result of each research unit as the carbon emission spatial change direction of the area to be evaluated;

[0348] Select the carbon emission center of gravity in the area to be evaluated according to the net carbon emission value, calculate the standard deviation ellipse based on the horizontal and vertical coordinates corresponding to the carbon emission center of gravity, and determine the change direction of the standard deviation ellipse within the historical period, so as to use the change direction as the carbon emission spatial change direction of the area to be evaluated.

[0349] In addition, those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that all or part of the processes in the methods of implementing the above embodiments can be completed by instructing relevant hardware through a computer program. The computer program includes program instructions, and the computer program can be stored in a storage medium, which is a computer-readable storage medium. The program instructions are executed by at least one processor in the carbon emission spatial correlation evaluation system to implement the process steps of the embodiments of the above methods.

[0350] Therefore, the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements each step of the carbon emission spatial correlation evaluation method based on the land gradient utilization model as described in the above embodiments.

[0351] Among them, the computer-readable storage medium can be various computer-readable storage media such as a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disc that can store program codes.

[0352] It should be noted that since the storage medium provided in the embodiments of the present application is the storage medium used to implement the methods of the embodiments of the present application, based on the methods introduced in the embodiments of the present application, those skilled in the art can understand the specific structure and deformation of the storage medium, so it will not be elaborated here. Any storage medium used in the methods of the embodiments of the present application belongs to the scope to be protected by the present application.

[0353] Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments of the present application can be provided as a method, a system, or a computer program product. Therefore, the present application can take the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Moreover, the present application can take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program codes.

[0354] This application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems) and computer program products according to embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that each flow and / or block in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams can be implemented by computer program instructions, and the combination of flows and / or blocks in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams can also be implemented. These computer program instructions can be provided to the processors of general-purpose computers, special-purpose computers, embedded processors or other programmable data processing devices to generate a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processors of the computer or other programmable data processing devices generate means for implementing the functions specified in one flow Figure 1 one flow or multiple flows and / or blocks Figure 1 or means for implementing the functions specified in one block or multiple blocks.

[0355] These computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate a manufactured article including instruction means, and the instruction means implements the functions specified in one flow Figure 1 one flow or multiple flows and / or blocks Figure 1 or means for implementing the functions specified in one block or multiple blocks.

[0356] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device, so that a series of operation steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to generate a computer-implemented process, and thus the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one flow Figure 1 one flow or multiple flows and / or blocks Figure 1 or means for implementing the functions specified in one block or multiple blocks.

[0357] It should be noted that in the claims, any reference signs placed between parentheses shall not be construed as limiting the claims. The word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of elements or steps not listed in the claims. The word "a" or "an" preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements. This application can be implemented by means of hardware including several different elements and by means of a suitably programmed computer. In a unit claim listing several means, several of these means can be embodied by the same item of hardware. The use of the words first, second, and third, etc. does not denote any order. These words can be interpreted as names.

[0358] Although the preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, those skilled in the art can make additional changes and modifications once they learn the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be construed to include the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the present application.

[0359] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to this application without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Thus, if these modifications and variations of this application fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalent technologies, this application is also intended to cover these changes and modifications.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating the spatial correlation of carbon emissions based on a land gradient utilization model, characterized in that The method includes the following steps: Calculating the carbon absorption amount of the area to be evaluated from the dimensions of natural vegetation, crops, and water areas; and calculating the carbon emission amount of the area to be evaluated from the dimensions of energy consumption, industrial production process, waste treatment, agriculture, respiration, and water area carbon volatilization; Determining the net carbon emission value of the area to be evaluated according to the difference between the carbon absorption amount and the carbon emission amount, and calculating the spatial autocorrelation index of the area to be evaluated according to the net carbon emission value; and Determining the spatial change direction of the carbon emissions in the area to be evaluated; Determining the evaluation result of the spatial correlation of the carbon emissions in the area to be evaluated according to the spatial autocorrelation index and / or the spatial change direction of the carbon emissions.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of calculating the carbon absorption amount of the area to be evaluated from the dimensions of natural vegetation, crops, and water areas includes: (1.1) Dimension of natural vegetation Obtaining the carbon sequestration capacity per unit area of the target type of vegetation in the area to be evaluated and the land area corresponding to the target type of vegetation; Calculating the carbon absorption amount of natural vegetation according to the carbon sequestration capacity per unit area and the land area; Taking the sum of the carbon absorption amounts of natural vegetation corresponding to each target type of vegetation as the carbon absorption amount calculated from the dimension of natural vegetation; (1.2) Dimension of crops Obtaining the biological yield of the target type of crops in the area to be evaluated, the carbon absorption rate for synthesizing unit organic matter of the target type of crops, and the water content of the target type of crops; Calculating the photosynthetic carbon absorption amount of the target type of crops according to the biological yield, the carbon absorption rate, and the water content; Taking the sum of the photosynthetic carbon absorption amounts corresponding to each target type of crops as the carbon absorption amount calculated from the dimension of crops; (1.3) Dimension of water area Obtaining the carbon sequestration rate per unit area of water areas, the water area, the carbon absorption amount of dry and wet deposition per unit area of water areas, and the total area of the area to be evaluated in the area to be evaluated; Calculating the carbon absorption amount of water areas according to the carbon sequestration rate per unit area of water areas, the water area, the carbon absorption amount of dry and wet deposition per unit area of water areas, and the total area of the area to be evaluated; Taking the carbon absorption amount of water areas as the carbon absorption amount calculated from the dimension of water areas.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein The step of calculating the carbon emission amount of the area to be evaluated from the dimensions of energy consumption, industrial production process, waste treatment, agriculture, respiration, and water area carbon volatilization specifically includes: (1.4) Dimension of energy consumption Obtain the consumption, net calorific value, carbon dioxide emission factor, and methane emission factor of the target type of energy in the area to be evaluated. Calculate the carbon emissions from energy consumption based on the consumption, net calorific value, carbon dioxide emission factor, and methane emission factor. Also, obtain the consumption, carbon dioxide emission factor, and methane emission factor of the target type of biomass fuel in the area to be evaluated. Calculate the carbon emissions from biomass fuel combustion of the target type of biomass fuel based on the consumption, carbon dioxide emission factor, and methane emission factor. Determine the carbon emissions calculated from the energy consumption dimension based on the sum of the carbon emissions from energy consumption corresponding to each target type of energy and the sum of the carbon emissions from biomass fuel combustion corresponding to each target type of biomass fuel. (1.5) Industrial production process dimension Obtain the production volume and carbon dioxide emission factor of the target type of industrial product in the area to be evaluated. Calculate the industrial production carbon emissions of the target type of industrial product based on the production volume and the carbon dioxide emission factor. Take the sum of the industrial production carbon emissions corresponding to each target type of industrial product as the carbon emissions calculated from the industrial production process dimension. (1.6) Waste treatment dimension Obtain the annual garbage generation volume, annual garbage landfill treatment rate, annual methane recovery volume, oxidation factor, and methane generation potential coefficient of the target type of domestic waste landfill in the area to be evaluated. Calculate the methane emissions of the target type of domestic waste landfill based on the annual garbage generation volume, annual garbage landfill treatment rate, annual methane recovery volume, oxidation factor, and methane generation potential coefficient. Also, Obtain the incineration treatment volume, carbon content ratio, proportion of mineral carbon in the total carbon, garbage combustion efficiency, and carbon dioxide conversion coefficient of the urban domestic waste in the area to be evaluated. Calculate the carbon dioxide generation amount from the incineration of domestic waste in the area to be evaluated based on the incineration treatment volume, carbon content ratio, proportion of mineral carbon in the total carbon, garbage combustion efficiency, and carbon dioxide conversion coefficient. Also, Obtain the total amount of organic matter, maximum methane generation capacity, methane correction factor, and methane recovery volume in the domestic sewage in the area to be evaluated. Calculate the total amount of methane generated from domestic sewage treatment based on the total amount of organic matter, maximum methane generation capacity, methane correction factor, and methane recovery volume. Also, Obtain the total amount of organic matter in the biodegradable wastewater of the target industrial sector, the total amount of organic matter removed by the sludge method, the methane correction factor, and the methane recovery volume. Calculate the carbon emissions generated from industrial wastewater treatment based on the total amount of organic matter in the biodegradable wastewater, the total amount of organic matter removed by the sludge method, the methane correction factor, and the methane recovery volume. Determine the carbon emissions calculated from the waste treatment dimension based on the sum of the methane emissions of each of the target type domestic waste landfills, the carbon dioxide generation amount of the domestic waste incineration, the total methane amount generated from the domestic sewage treatment, and the sum of the carbon emissions generated from the industrial wastewater treatment of each of the target industrial sectors; (1.7) Agricultural dimension Obtain the input amount of the target type agricultural production materials and the agricultural production material carbon emission factor in the area to be evaluated, and calculate the agricultural production carbon emissions corresponding to the target type agricultural production materials according to the input amount and the agricultural production material carbon emission factor; and, Obtain the planting area of the target type rice and the methane emission factor in the area to be evaluated, and calculate the methane emissions of the target type rice according to the rice planting area and the methane emission factor; and, Obtain the number of the target type animals, the enteric fermentation methane emission factor and the manure management methane emission factor in the area to be evaluated, and calculate the enteric fermentation and manure management carbon emissions of the target type animals according to the number, the enteric fermentation methane emission factor and the manure management methane emission factor; Determine the carbon emissions calculated from the agricultural dimension based on the sum of the agricultural production carbon emissions corresponding to each of the target type agricultural production materials, the sum of the methane emissions corresponding to each of the target type rice, and the sum of the enteric fermentation and manure management carbon emissions of each of the target type animals; (1.8) Respiration dimension Obtain the population number and the human respiration carbon emission factor in the area to be evaluated, as well as the number of each target type of livestock and the livestock respiration carbon emission factor, and calculate the human and livestock respiration carbon emissions of the area to be evaluated according to the population number, the human respiration carbon emission factor, the number of each target type of livestock and the livestock respiration carbon emission factor; Obtain the land area of the target type vegetation, the autotrophic respiration amount per unit area of the plant and the heterotrophic respiration carbon emission in the area to be evaluated, and calculate the autotrophic respiration of the plant and the heterotrophic respiration carbon emissions of the soil of the target type vegetation according to the land area, the autotrophic respiration amount per unit area of the plant and the heterotrophic respiration carbon emission; Determine the carbon emissions calculated from the respiration dimension based on the human and livestock respiration carbon emissions and the autotrophic respiration of the plant and the heterotrophic respiration carbon emissions of the soil corresponding to each of the target type vegetation; (1.9) Water area carbon volatilization dimension Obtain the area of the river or lake in the area to be evaluated and the carbon volatilization factor per unit area of the river or lake, and calculate the water area carbon volatilization amount, and use the water area carbon volatilization amount as the carbon emissions calculated from the water area carbon volatilization dimension.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The spatial autocorrelation index includes a global spatial autocorrelation index and a local spatial autocorrelation index, and the carbon emission spatial correlation assessment result includes an aggregation phenomenon assessment result, an aggregation degree assessment result and a carbon emission spatial change assessment result; Determining the evaluation result of the spatial correlation of carbon emissions in the area to be evaluated according to the spatial autocorrelation index and / or the direction of spatial change of carbon emissions includes at least one of the following steps: Determining the evaluation result of the aggregation phenomenon in the area to be evaluated according to the global spatial autocorrelation index; Determining the evaluation result of the agglomeration degree in the area to be evaluated according to the local spatial autocorrelation index; Determining the evaluation result of the spatial change of carbon emissions in the area to be evaluated according to the direction of spatial change of carbon emissions.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein The step of determining the evaluation result of the aggregation phenomenon in the area to be evaluated according to the global spatial autocorrelation index specifically includes: When the global spatial autocorrelation index is greater than the preset global index threshold, determining that the evaluation result of the aggregation phenomenon is the existence of an aggregation phenomenon; When the global spatial autocorrelation index is less than the preset global index threshold, determining that the evaluation result of the aggregation phenomenon is the existence of a dispersion phenomenon; When the global spatial autocorrelation index is equal to the preset global index threshold, determining that the evaluation result of the aggregation phenomenon is the absence of spatial correlation.

6. The method according to claim 4, wherein The step of determining the evaluation result of the agglomeration degree in the area to be evaluated according to the local spatial autocorrelation index specifically includes: When the local spatial autocorrelation index is greater than the preset local index threshold, determining that the evaluation result of the agglomeration degree is high-value / low-value aggregation; When the local spatial autocorrelation index is less than the preset local index threshold, determining that the evaluation result of the aggregation phenomenon is a spatial anomaly; When the local spatial autocorrelation index is equal to the preset local index threshold, determining that the evaluation result of the aggregation phenomenon is the absence of spatial correlation; Or, Determining the degree of local spatial autocorrelation according to the magnitude of the local spatial autocorrelation index, where the local spatial autocorrelation index is positively correlated with the degree of local spatial autocorrelation.

7. The method according to claim 4, wherein The step of determining the direction of spatial change of carbon emissions in the area to be evaluated includes at least one of the following: Obtaining the horizontal and vertical coordinates corresponding to each research unit in the area to be evaluated, determining the principal component analysis result of the research unit according to the horizontal and vertical coordinates, and using the principal component analysis result of each research unit as the direction of spatial change of carbon emissions in the area to be evaluated; Selecting the carbon emission center of gravity in the area to be evaluated according to the net carbon emission value, calculating the standard deviation ellipse according to the horizontal and vertical coordinates corresponding to the carbon emission center of gravity, determining the change direction of the standard deviation ellipse in the historical period, and using the change direction as the direction of spatial change of carbon emissions in the area to be evaluated.

8. A carbon emission space correlation assessment model, characterized in that, The spatial correlation evaluation model of carbon emissions includes: A land gradient utilization model for calculating the carbon absorption amount in the area to be evaluated from the dimensions of natural vegetation, crops, and water areas; and calculating the carbon emission amount in the area to be evaluated from the dimensions of energy consumption, industrial production process, waste treatment, agriculture, respiration, and water area carbon volatilization; A spatial autocorrelation index calculation module, configured to determine the net carbon emission value of the area to be evaluated according to the difference between the carbon absorption amount and the carbon emission amount, and calculate the spatial autocorrelation index of the area to be evaluated according to the net carbon emission value; and, A carbon emission spatial change evaluation module, configured to determine the spatial change direction of the carbon emission in the area to be evaluated; A carbon emission spatial correlation evaluation result evaluation module, configured to determine the carbon emission spatial correlation evaluation result of the area to be evaluated according to the spatial autocorrelation index and / or the carbon emission spatial change direction.

9. A carbon emission space correlation assessment system, characterized in that, The carbon emission spatial correlation evaluation system includes: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the carbon emission spatial correlation evaluation method based on the land gradient utilization model according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, A computer program is stored on the computer-readable storage medium, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the carbon emission spatial correlation evaluation method based on the land gradient utilization model according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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