Multi-stage synergistic potassium removal activated carbon continuous treatment device and control method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to an activated carbon continuous treatment device for multi-stage synergistic potassium removal and a control method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of activated carbon continuous treatment.The activated carbon continuous treatment device is characterized in that a washing unit, an acid pickling unit, an ion exchange unit and a high-temperature calcination unit are sequentially connected, and multi-stage synergistic potassium removal is achieved through washing, acid pickling, ion exchange and high-temperature calcination; continuous potassium removal of activated carbon is achieved, efficiency loss caused by multi-step separation operation is avoided, an online detection module and a central control system are integrated to dynamically adjust washing flow, acid liquor concentration, ion exchange resin regeneration cycle and calcination temperature gradient, resource waste and waste liquid discharge are reduced, and the potassium removal efficiency is improved by combining ion exchange and high-temperature calcination. The limitation of a single process on removal of chemically bonded potassium ions is broken through, thorough potassium removal is ensured, seamless connection of all treatment units is achieved through the material conveying assembly, and the problems that in a traditional process, equipment is dispersed, and large-scale continuous production is difficult to achieve are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of continuous treatment of activated carbon, and particularly relates to a continuous treatment device for activated carbon with multi-stage collaborative potassium removal and its control method. Background Art

[0002] Due to its high specific surface area and excellent adsorption performance, activated carbon is often used in fields such as supercapacitor electrode materials, environmental adsorbents, and pharmaceutical purification. However, potassium salts (such as KOH, K2CO3, etc.) remaining in the process of preparing activated carbon by the alkali method will seriously deteriorate its electrochemical performance, resulting in capacitor short-circuit and self-discharge, shortening the service life. In addition, the residual potassium salts will also limit the application of activated carbon in high-end fields such as medicine and food, because the requirements for impurity content are extremely strict. The traditional single water washing or acid washing process is inefficient, unable to completely remove chemically bonded potassium ions, and has a large water consumption during the treatment process and a high environmental protection risk for waste liquid.

[0003] In addition, in the prior art, physical washing methods or chemical treatment methods are usually involved during washing. Among them, the existing physical washing methods can only remove surface-adsorbed potassium ions, while chemical treatment methods rely on strong oxidants or high-temperature calcination, which are not only costly but also easily damage the pore structure of activated carbon and reduce the adsorption performance. Although ion exchange resins can achieve deep potassium removal, their application is limited by high costs and complex regeneration processes, making it difficult to achieve large-scale continuous production. Moreover, the traditional process lacks an integrated continuous treatment device, and multi-stage separation operations lead to low efficiency and increased energy consumption. Therefore, how to develop a multi-stage collaborative and continuously controllable potassium removal process and device without damaging the performance of activated carbon has become a key technical problem for improving the quality of activated carbon and expanding its high-end applications. In this regard, the inventor has developed a continuous treatment device for activated carbon with multi-stage collaborative potassium removal and its control method. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To solve the above problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a continuous treatment device for activated carbon with multi-stage collaborative potassium removal and its control method, which solves the problems that the traditional potassium removal process cannot effectively remove chemically bonded potassium ions in activated carbon, relies on non-integrated separation equipment and operations, results in low treatment efficiency, high energy consumption, and is difficult to achieve large-scale continuous production.

[0005] The object of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0006] A continuous treatment device for activated carbon with multi-stage collaborative potassium removal, comprising a water washing unit, an acid washing unit, an ion exchange unit, a high-temperature calcination unit, a material conveying assembly, an on-line detection module and a central control system. The water washing unit, the acid washing unit, the ion exchange unit and the high-temperature calcination unit are connected in sequence. The material conveying system is arranged between two adjacent units of the water washing unit, the acid washing unit, the ion exchange unit and the high-temperature calcination unit. The material conveying assembly and the on-line detection module are both communicatively connected to the central control system. The central control system controls the material conveying assembly to convey materials from the water washing unit to the high-temperature calcination unit in sequence. The on-line detection module is used to monitor the potassium ion concentration, the pH value of the acid washing solution and the calcination temperature in real time. The on-line detection module uploads the monitoring data to the central control system. The central control system dynamically adjusts the water washing flow rate, the acid concentration, the ion exchange resin regeneration period and the calcination temperature gradient according to the on-line detection data.

[0007] As a further solution of the present invention, the material conveying assembly includes a screw conveyor and a pneumatic conveying pipeline. The screw conveyor is arranged between the water washing unit and the acid washing unit. The screw blades of the screw conveyor adopt a segmented articulated structure, and adjacent blades are connected by a universal joint. The pneumatic conveying pipeline is arranged at the outlet of the high-temperature calcination unit. The pneumatic conveying pipeline is provided with multiple stepped diameter sections, and a cyclone separator is installed at the end.

[0008] As a further solution of the present invention, a detachable inner lining frame is arranged inside the shell of the screw conveyor. The inner lining frame is fixed to the shell through a snap structure, and the surface of the inner lining is distributed with staggered guide protrusions.

[0009] As a further solution of the present invention, the multiple stepped diameter sections of the pneumatic conveying pipeline are connected by a corrugated pipe for transition. The inner wall of the stepped diameter section is provided with a spiral guide groove, and a vibration motor is arranged on the outer wall of the pneumatic conveying pipeline.

[0010] As a further solution of the present invention, the material conveying assembly further includes a chain conveyor. The chain conveyor is arranged between the ion exchange unit and the high-temperature calcination unit. The chains of the chain conveyor are engaged through a mortise and tenon structure, and a hollowed-out support frame is arranged below the chains. The support frame is embedded with a cooling air duct.

[0011] As a further solution of the present invention, a vibrating feeder is arranged at the outlet of the acid washing unit. The vibrating mechanism of the vibrating feeder adopts a structure of an eccentric wheel cooperating with a spring group, and an adjustable sector baffle is arranged at the discharge port.

[0012] As a further solution of the present invention, the material conveying assembly further includes a modular belt conveyor. The belt of the belt conveyor is spliced by multiple independent driving units, and adjacent independent driving units are driven by gear meshing, and continuous V-shaped grooves are provided on the surface of the belt.

[0013] As a further solution of the present invention, a flip-type material guiding groove is also provided at the connection of each conveying unit of the material conveying assembly. A rotatable material pushing rod is provided in the flip-type material guiding groove. The material pushing rod is connected to an external driving motor through a coupling, and a self-cleaning scraping plate is provided at the bottom of the flip-type material guiding groove.

[0014] A control method for continuous treatment of activated carbon with multi-stage collaborative potassium removal includes the following steps:

[0015] S1: Sequentially pass the alkaline activated carbon through a water washing unit, an acid washing unit, an ion exchange unit, and a high-temperature calcination unit for continuous treatment;

[0016] S2: Real-time monitor the potassium ion concentration, the pH value of the acid washing solution, and the calcination temperature in each treatment unit through an on-line detection module, and feed the data back to the central control system;

[0017] S3: The central control system dynamically adjusts the water flow rate of the water washing unit, the acid concentration of the acid washing unit, the resin regeneration period of the ion exchange unit, and the temperature gradient of the high-temperature calcination unit according to the feedback data to achieve closed-loop control of the potassium removal efficiency.

[0018] As a further solution of the present invention, when adjusting the temperature gradient of the high-temperature calcination unit in S3, according to the real-time change of the potassium ion concentration of the activated carbon during the calcination process, the calcination temperature is adjusted in stages, and the nitrogen flow rate is controlled to maintain the inert atmosphere of the calcination environment.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0020] Connect the water washing unit, the acid washing unit, the ion exchange unit, and the high-temperature calcination unit in sequence. Through multi-stage collaborative treatment of water washing, acid washing, ion exchange, and high-temperature calcination, continuous potassium removal of activated carbon is achieved, avoiding efficiency loss caused by multi-step separation operations. Integrate the on-line detection module and the central control system to dynamically adjust the water washing flow rate, acid concentration, ion exchange resin regeneration period, and calcination temperature gradient, reduce resource waste and waste liquid discharge, combine ion exchange and high-temperature calcination, break through the removal limit of chemically bonded potassium ions by a single process, ensure the thoroughness of potassium removal, and achieve seamless connection of each treatment unit through the material conveying assembly, solving the problems of scattered equipment and difficulty in large-scale continuous production in the traditional process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] For the convenience of those skilled in the art to understand, the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0022] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the partial internal structure of the screw conveyor of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the screw guide groove structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of the vibrating feeder of the present invention.

[0026] Description of main component symbols:

[0027] In the figure: 1. Water washing unit; 2. Pickling unit; 3. Ion exchange unit; 4. High-temperature calcination unit; 51. Screw conveyor; 511. Inner lining frame; 512. Flow guide protrusion; 52. Pneumatic conveying pipeline; 521. Screw guide groove; 522. Cyclone separator; 523. Vibration motor; 53. Chain plate conveyor; 531. Support frame; 54. Vibrating feeder; 541. Eccentric wheel; 542. Spring group. Specific embodiments

[0028] To further elaborate on the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the predetermined invention purpose, the following combines the drawings and preferred embodiments to detail the specific embodiments, structures, features and effects according to the present invention as follows.

[0029] Please refer to Figures 1-4 As shown, this embodiment provides a multi-stage collaborative potassium removal activated carbon continuous treatment device, including a water washing unit 1, a pickling unit 2, an ion exchange unit 3, a high-temperature calcination unit 4, a material conveying assembly, an on-line detection module and a central control system. The water washing unit 1, the pickling unit 2, the ion exchange unit 3 and the high-temperature calcination unit 4 are connected in sequence. The material conveying system is arranged between two adjacent units of the water washing unit 1, the pickling unit 2, the ion exchange unit 3 and the high-temperature calcination unit 4. Both the material conveying assembly and the on-line detection module are communicatively connected to the central control system. The central control system controls the material conveying assembly to convey the material from the water washing unit 1 to the high-temperature calcination unit 4 in sequence. The on-line detection module is used to monitor the potassium ion concentration, the pH of the pickling solution and the calcination temperature in real time. The on-line detection module uploads the monitoring data to the central control system. The central control system dynamically adjusts the water washing flow rate, the acid solution concentration, the ion exchange resin regeneration period and the calcination temperature gradient according to the on-line detection data. Among them, the on-line detection module includes an integrated flame photometer, a pH sensor and a temperature sensor, and is used to monitor the potassium ion concentration, the pH of the pickling solution and the calcination temperature in real time.

[0030] Due to its high specific surface area and excellent adsorption performance, activated carbon is often used in fields such as supercapacitor electrode materials, environmental adsorbents, and pharmaceutical purification. However, the potassium salts (such as KOH, K2CO3, etc.) remaining in the process of preparing activated carbon by the alkali method will seriously deteriorate its electrochemical performance, leading to capacitor short - circuit and self - discharge, shortening the service life. In addition, the residual potassium salts will also limit the application of activated carbon in high - end fields such as medicine and food because of the extremely strict requirements for impurity content. The traditional single - water - washing or acid - washing process is inefficient and cannot completely remove the chemically - bonded potassium ions. Moreover, the water consumption during the treatment process is large, and the environmental protection risk of the waste liquid is high. In the existing technology, physical washing methods or chemical treatment methods are usually involved during washing. Among them, the existing physical washing methods can only remove the potassium ions adsorbed on the surface, while the chemical treatment methods rely on strong oxidants or high - temperature calcination, which are not only costly but also easily damage the pore structure of activated carbon and reduce the adsorption performance. Although ion - exchange resins can achieve deep potassium removal, their application is limited by high costs and complex regeneration processes, making it difficult to achieve large - scale continuous production. In addition, the traditional process lacks an integrated continuous treatment device, and the multi - step separation operation leads to low efficiency and increased energy consumption.

[0031] In view of the above problems, a continuous treatment device for activated carbon with multi - stage collaborative potassium removal is provided. The water - washing unit 1, acid - washing unit 2, ion - exchange unit 3, and high - temperature calcination unit 4 are connected in sequence. Through multi - stage collaborative treatment of water - washing, acid - washing, ion - exchange, and high - temperature calcination, continuous potassium removal of activated carbon is realized, avoiding the efficiency loss caused by multi - step separation operations. An integrated online detection module and a central control system are used to dynamically adjust the water - washing flow rate, acid solution concentration, ion - exchange resin regeneration cycle, and calcination temperature gradient, reducing resource waste and waste - liquid discharge. By combining ion - exchange and high - temperature calcination, the limitation of single processes in removing chemically - bonded potassium ions is broken through, ensuring the thoroughness of potassium removal. The seamless connection of each treatment unit is achieved through a material conveying component, solving the problems of scattered equipment and difficulty in large - scale continuous production in the traditional process.

[0032] Since the material conveying component is prone to jamming during the conveying of wet materials, in order to avoid problems such as conveying interruption and powder residue, and ensure continuity and stability, in one embodiment, the material conveying component includes a screw conveyor 51 and a pneumatic conveying pipeline 52. The screw conveyor 51 is arranged between the water - washing unit 1 and the acid - washing unit 2. The screw blades of the screw conveyor 51 adopt a segmented articulated structure, and adjacent blades are connected by a universal joint. The pneumatic conveying pipeline 52 is arranged at the outlet of the high - temperature calcination unit 4. A multi - stage variable - diameter section is arranged in the pneumatic conveying pipeline 52, and a cyclone separator 522 is installed at the end. The segmented articulated structure and universal - joint connection of the screw conveyor 51 enhance the adaptability of the blades to complex materials. The multi - stage variable - diameter section of the pneumatic pipeline reduces powder deposition through changes in air - flow velocity, and the end cyclone separator 522 realizes efficient gas - solid separation.

[0033] Since the activated carbon particles are small and have strong adsorption properties, they are easy to adhere to the pipe wall during transportation, especially when conveying materials with high humidity or materials with a certain degree of viscosity, which makes it easy for materials to adhere to the inner wall of the conveyor and difficult to clean. In one embodiment, a detachable liner frame 511 is provided inside the shell of the screw conveyor 51. The liner frame 511 is fixed to the shell by a snap-fit structure, and the surface of the liner is distributed with staggered guide protrusions 512. The detachable liner frame 511 is fixed by snap-fit, which is convenient for quick maintenance. The guide protrusion 512 optimizes the material flow path, reduces dead angles and maintenance costs.

[0034] In addition, during the continuous treatment of activated carbon, the deformation of high-temperature pipelines and the blockage of variable diameter sections are mainly due to the physical and chemical effects of activated carbon on the inner wall of the pipeline under high temperature, which leads to fatigue damage and corrosion of the inner wall material of the pipeline, thereby causing pipeline deformation. At the same time, the activated carbon particles in the variable diameter section are prone to agglomeration and local accumulation due to the change in flow rate and the reduction in the cross-sectional area of the pipeline, which in turn causes blockage of the variable diameter section. These two phenomena will affect the normal operation of the system. During the continuous treatment of activated carbon,

[0035] In order to avoid this problem, in one embodiment, a bellows transition connection is adopted between the multi-stage variable diameter sections of the pneumatic conveying pipe 52, a spiral guide groove 521 is provided on the inner wall of the variable diameter section, and a vibration motor 523 is provided on the outer wall of the pneumatic conveying pipe 52. The bellows absorbs the thermal expansion and contraction stress, the spiral guide groove 521 forms eddy current to reduce powder accumulation, and the vibration motor 523 cleans the pipe wall regularly.

[0036] Furthermore, in order to ensure reliability in a high-temperature environment, in one embodiment, the material conveying assembly also includes a chain conveyor 53, which is arranged between the ion exchange unit 3 and the high-temperature calcination unit 4. The chain plates of the chain conveyor 53 are engaged with each other through a mortise and tenon structure, and a hollow support frame 531 is provided under the chain plate. The support frame 531 has a built-in cooling air duct. The mortise and tenon engagement improves the stability of the chain plate, and the built-in air duct of the hollow support frame 531 enhances heat dissipation. Through structural reinforcement and cooling design, reliability in a high-temperature environment is ensured.

[0037] During the continuous treatment of activated carbon, the reason why uneven discharge from the pickling unit 2 may cause process fluctuations is that uneven discharge will result in inconsistent contact time and concentration of the activated carbon particles with acid during pickling, thereby affecting the pickling effect. This inconsistency may cause incomplete removal of impurities on the surface of the activated carbon, with more impurities remaining on some particles while some particles are over-pickled, damaging the structure of the activated carbon, thus reducing the treatment quality and performance of the activated carbon. This uneven pickling effect will further affect the operation stability of the subsequent ion exchange and high-temperature calcination unit 4, leading to fluctuations and decreased efficiency in the entire process flow. To avoid the above problems, in one embodiment, a vibrating feeder 54 is provided at the outlet of the pickling unit 2 in the material conveying assembly. The vibrating mechanism of the vibrating feeder 54 adopts a structure in which an eccentric wheel 541 is combined with a spring group 542, and an adjustable sector baffle is provided at the discharge port. The eccentric wheel 541 and the spring group 542 provide a stable vibration frequency, and the sector baffle adjusts the discharge amount, achieving precise feeding through mechanical material control and improving consistency.

[0038] Since the material conveying assembly involves belt conveying during material conveying, to avoid excessive residue and uneven speed in belt conveying, in one embodiment, the material conveying assembly further includes a modular belt conveyor. The belt of the belt conveyor is spliced by multiple independent drive units, and adjacent independent drive units are driven by gear meshing. A continuous V-shaped groove is provided on the surface of the belt. Local speed regulation is achieved by using segmented independent drive units, and the V-shaped groove increases friction. Through modular and surface structure design, slipping and residue are reduced. A flip-type guide chute is also provided at the connection of each conveying unit of the material conveying assembly. A rotatable deflector rod is provided in the flip-type guide chute. The deflector rod is connected to an external drive motor through a coupling, and a self-cleaning scraper is provided at the bottom of the flip-type guide chute. To avoid material jamming and cross-contamination at the connection, the deflector rod guides the material flow, and the scraper automatically cleans the residue. Through guiding and self-cleaning, seamless transfer and cleanliness are ensured. It should be noted that due to the mechanical structures of the modular belt and the flip-type guide chute, such as the improved combination of segmented drive, V-shaped groove, deflector rod, etc., their structures are clearly described in the above text, so the details are not repeated in the drawings.

[0039] A control method for continuous treatment of activated carbon with multi-stage collaborative potassium removal includes the following steps:

[0040] S1: Continuously process the alkaline activated carbon through a water washing unit 1, an acid washing unit 2, an ion exchange unit 3, and a high-temperature calcination unit 4 in sequence. Here, the alkaline activated carbon needs to be subjected to countercurrent water washing in sequence, with the temperature maintained at 60°C - 80°C and the water-to-carbon ratio maintained at 5:1 - 8:1. When performing acid washing, a mixed acid of HCl / HNO3 is used, with a volume ratio of HCl / HNO3 of 3:1, a concentration range of 0.5 - 2 mol / L, a pH value range of 1.5 - 2.5, corresponding to a hydrogen ion concentration of 0.316 - 0.0316 mol / L, which matches the concentration of the mixed acid. The K+ / Na+ exchange efficiency of the sodium-type sulfonic acid resin for ion exchange is ≥92%, and gradient calcination is carried out under nitrogen protection, with the temperature maintained at 300°C - 500°C and the K2O decomposition rate ≥98%.

[0041] S2: Real-time monitor the potassium ion concentration, the pH value of the acid washing solution, and the calcination temperature in each processing unit through an on-line detection module, and feed the data back to the central control system.

[0042] S3: The central control system dynamically adjusts the water flow rate of the water washing unit 1, the acid concentration of the acid washing unit 2, the resin regeneration cycle of the ion exchange unit 3, and the temperature gradient of the high-temperature calcination unit 4 according to the feedback data to achieve closed-loop control of the potassium removal efficiency.

[0043] Continuing from the above embodiments, in one embodiment, when adjusting the temperature gradient of the high-temperature calcination unit 4 in S3, according to the real-time change of the potassium ion concentration during the calcination of the activated carbon, the calcination temperature is adjusted in stages, and the nitrogen flow rate is controlled to maintain the inert atmosphere of the calcination environment. The parameters are dynamically adjusted through real-time data feedback, and the temperature control in stages optimizes the energy consumption. The accuracy and energy efficiency are improved through intelligent control. Additionally, it should be noted that the content related to intelligent control not mentioned in this application is not the focus of this application, and those skilled in the art can learn it according to the existing technology.

[0044] It should be noted that the main function of the ion exchange resin is to remove the residual potassium ions (K+) in the activated carbon through ion exchange reactions. The specific removal process is as follows: The sodium ions (Na+) in the sodium-type sulfonic acid resin (R-SO3Na) react with the potassium ions (K+) adsorbed in the pores or on the surface of the activated carbon through a displacement reaction. The reaction formula is: R-SO3Na + K+ → R-SO3K + Na+, transferring the K+ in the activated carbon to the resin. The remaining chemically bonded potassium ions after acid washing, especially those difficult to remove in the micropores, are further displaced by the resin, reducing the potassium content in the activated carbon to below 10 ppm. The central control system dynamically adjusts the resin regeneration cycle according to the potassium ion concentration data detected on-line. After the resin is saturated, it is regenerated with a saline NaCl solution through the reaction formula: R-SO3K + NaCl → R-SO3Na + KCl to restore the exchange capacity and achieve continuous operation.

[0045] The working principle and process of the present invention:

[0046] Through four - level treatment of water washing, acid washing, ion exchange and high - temperature calcination, combined with on - line detection and central control, continuous and efficient potassium removal from activated carbon is achieved. Water washing removes surface potassium salts, acid washing dissolves chemically - bonded potassium ions, ion exchange further replaces residual potassium, high - temperature calcination decomposes stubborn potassium compounds, the material conveying components seamlessly connect each unit, and the central control system dynamically adjusts the real - time data of parameters such as potassium ion concentration, pH value, and temperature to form a closed - loop control, ensuring the thoroughness of potassium removal and reducing energy consumption.

[0047] In use, the alkaline activated carbon first enters the water - washing unit 1 for counter - current washing, and then is sent to the acid - washing unit 2 by the screw conveyor 51; the acid - washed activated carbon is evenly fed into the ion - exchange unit 3 through the vibrating feeder 54, and the sodium - type resin replaces the residual potassium ions; finally, the chain - plate conveyor 53 sends the material into the high - temperature calcination unit 4 to decompose the residual potassium salts. The whole process realizes continuous transportation through pneumatic pipelines and modular belts. The on - line detection module monitors the data in real time, and the central control system automatically adjusts parameters such as water flow rate and acid solution concentration. The waste liquid is recycled to prepare fertilizers, and the washing water is recycled, realizing efficient and environmentally - friendly large - scale production.

[0048] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it does not impose any form of limitation on the present invention. Although the present invention has been disclosed as above with a preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art, without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, can make some modifications or equivalent changes by using the disclosed technical content above. However, as long as it does not depart from the content of the technical solution of the present invention, any brief modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A continuous treatment device for activated carbon with multi-stage collaborative potassium removal, characterized in that, It includes a water washing unit, a pickling unit, an ion exchange unit, a high-temperature calcination unit, a material conveying assembly, an on-line detection module and a central control system. The water washing unit, the pickling unit, the ion exchange unit and the high-temperature calcination unit are connected in sequence. The material conveying assembly is arranged between two adjacent units among the water washing unit, the pickling unit, the ion exchange unit and the high-temperature calcination unit. Both the material conveying assembly and the on-line detection module are communicatively connected to the central control system. The central control system controls the material conveying assembly to convey materials from the water washing unit to the high-temperature calcination unit in sequence. The on-line detection module is used to monitor the potassium ion concentration, the pH value of the pickling solution and the calcination temperature in real time. The on-line detection module uploads the monitoring data to the central control system, and the central control system dynamically adjusts the water washing flow rate, the pickling solution concentration, the ion exchange resin regeneration period and the calcination temperature gradient according to the on-line detection data.

2. The continuous activated carbon treatment device for multi-stage collaborative potassium removal according to claim 1, characterized in that, The material conveying assembly includes a screw conveyor and a pneumatic conveying pipeline. The screw conveyor is arranged between the water washing unit and the pickling unit. The screw blades of the screw conveyor adopt a segmented hinged structure, and adjacent blades are connected by a universal joint. The pneumatic conveying pipeline is arranged at the outlet of the high-temperature calcination unit. A multi-stage variable diameter section is arranged in the pneumatic conveying pipeline, and a cyclone separator is installed at the end.

3. The continuous activated carbon treatment device for multi-stage collaborative potassium removal according to claim 2, characterized in that, A detachable inner lining frame is arranged inside the shell of the screw conveyor. The inner lining frame is fixed to the shell through a snap structure, and guide protrusions are distributed on the inner lining surface in a staggered arrangement.

4. The continuous activated carbon treatment device for multi-stage collaborative potassium removal according to claim 2, characterized in that, The multi-stage variable diameter sections of the pneumatic conveying pipeline are connected by a corrugated pipe for transition. A spiral guide groove is arranged on the inner wall of the variable diameter section, and a vibration motor is arranged on the outer wall of the pneumatic conveying pipeline.

5. The continuous treatment device for activated carbon with multi-stage collaborative potassium removal according to claim 2, characterized in that, The material conveying assembly further includes a chain conveyor. The chain conveyor is arranged between the ion exchange unit and the high-temperature calcination unit. The chains of the chain conveyor are engaged through a mortise and tenon structure, and a hollow support frame is arranged below the chains. The support frame is embedded with a cooling air duct.

6. The continuous treatment device for activated carbon with multi-stage collaborative potassium removal according to claim 1, wherein, A vibrating feeder is arranged at the outlet of the pickling unit of the material conveying assembly. The vibration mechanism of the vibrating feeder adopts a structure of an eccentric wheel cooperating with a spring group, and an adjustable sector baffle is arranged at the discharge port.

7. A continuous treatment device for activated carbon with multi - stage collaborative potassium removal according to claim 1, characterized in that, The material conveying assembly further includes a modular belt conveyor. The belt of the belt conveyor is spliced by multiple independent driving units. Adjacent independent driving units are driven by gear meshing, and continuous V-shaped grooves are arranged on the belt surface.

8. A continuous treatment device for activated carbon with multi-stage collaborative potassium removal according to claim 1, characterized in that, A flip-type material guiding chute is further arranged at the connection of each conveying unit of the material conveying assembly. A rotatable material pushing rod is arranged in the flip-type material guiding chute. The material pushing rod is connected to an external driving motor through a coupling, and a self-cleaning scraper is arranged at the bottom of the flip-type material guiding chute.

9. A control method for continuous treatment of activated carbon with multi-stage collaborative potassium removal, based on the apparatus for continuous treatment of activated carbon with multi-stage collaborative potassium removal according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1: Continuously process the alkaline activated carbon through the water washing unit, the pickling unit, the ion exchange unit and the high-temperature calcination unit in sequence; S2: Real-time monitor the potassium ion concentration, the pH value of the pickling solution and the calcination temperature in each processing unit through the on-line detection module, and feed the data back to the central control system; S3: The central control system dynamically adjusts the water flow rate of the water washing unit, the acid concentration of the pickling unit, the resin regeneration cycle of the ion exchange unit, and the temperature gradient of the high-temperature calcination unit according to the feedback data, so as to realize the closed-loop control of the potassium removal efficiency.

10. A method for controlling the continuous treatment of activated carbon with multi-stage collaborative potassium removal according to claim 9, characterized in that, When adjusting the temperature gradient of the high-temperature calcination unit in S3, the calcination temperature is adjusted in stages according to the real-time change of potassium ion concentration during the calcination process of activated carbon, and the nitrogen flow rate is controlled to maintain the inert atmosphere of the calcination environment.

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