Soil straw crushing and steam sterilizing equipment for solving continuous cropping obstacles of soil

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural engineering, and discloses soil straw crushing and steam sterilizing equipment for solving soil continuous cropping obstacles, the soil straw crushing and steam sterilizing equipment comprises a main body frame, one end of the main body frame is provided with a crushing mechanism for crushing straw, and the other end of the main body frame is provided with a steam output mechanism for generating steam; a plurality of disinfection mechanisms used for soil disinfection are arranged outside the main body frame, the crushing mechanism comprises a collecting cover, the outer side of the collecting cover is fixedly connected to one end of the main body frame, an inclined panel is fixedly connected to the inner side of the collecting cover, two straight rods extend from the outer side of the inclined panel, and the two straight rods are fixedly connected to the outer side of the collecting cover. And two crushing rollers are rotationally connected to the outer sides of the two straight rods. According to the soil crushing and steam sterilizing equipment, a main body steam heating part does not need to enter an agricultural shed, the problem that the working efficiency is influenced due to the fact that soil is moist and adsorbed on wheels due to steam sterilization is solved, and the steam sterilization work is efficiently carried out through optimization design.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural engineering, in particular to soil straw crushing and steam sterilizing equipment for solving the problem of continuous cropping in soil. Background Art

[0002] In the field of agricultural production, with the vigorous development of facility agriculture, the agricultural greenhouse planting model has become more and more common. However, the problem of soil continuous cropping caused by long-term continuous cropping has gradually become prominent, seriously restricting the yield and quality of crops. Soil continuous cropping disorder is mainly manifested in compacted soil structure and poor permeability. At the same time, a large number of viruses and harmful microorganisms accumulate in the soil, greatly affecting the healthy growth of crops. In this context, the research and development and application of soil straw crushing and steam disinfection equipment for agricultural greenhouse soil continuous cropping disorder is of vital importance. It aims to alleviate the negative impact of continuous cropping disorder by effectively disinfecting the soil and improving the soil structure.

[0003] Currently, most steam disinfection equipment on the market used to address the problem of continuous cropping in agricultural greenhouses uses traditional steam generation and transportation structures. In the steam generation part, water is generally heated by a simple heating device to generate steam, and then the steam is transported to the disinfection area through pipes. In terms of straw crushing, most are independent crushing machines that rely on rotating cutters to crush the straw. During operation, these steam devices and crushing devices often work directly in the field or inside the greenhouse, and steam acts on the soil through simple nozzles or intubations, hoping to achieve soil disinfection.

[0004] However, in actual application scenarios, the existing technology exposes many problems. When a large steam and crushing device is operating in a greenhouse, if the weather is bad or the steam disinfection causes the soil to become wet, the wheels of the device will easily be covered with mud, making movement extremely difficult and significantly reducing work efficiency. Moreover, the movement of the device in the greenhouse will further compact the disinfected soil, destroy the original loose structure of the soil, and affect the air permeability of the soil. In the soil disinfection link, due to the lack of effective means to accurately control the steam flow rate and disinfection depth, it is difficult to ensure the uniformity of disinfection of soil in different soil layers, resulting in the inability to completely kill pathogenic microorganisms, pest eggs and weed seeds in some soils. The soil pollution problem still exists, and it is impossible to fundamentally solve the problem of continuous cropping of soil, which ultimately affects the yield and quality of crops and reduces the efficiency and sustainability of agricultural production. Therefore, the present invention provides a soil straw crushing steam disinfection device that solves the problem of continuous cropping of soil, so as to solve the shortcomings of the existing technology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In response to the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a soil straw crushing and steam disinfection equipment for solving soil continuous cropping problems, which solves the problems of low operating efficiency, incomplete soil disinfection and difficulty in alleviating continuous cropping problems in the existing agricultural shed soil straw crushing and steam disinfection equipment.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: a soil straw crushing steam disinfection equipment that solves the problem of continuous cropping in the soil, including a main frame, one end of the main frame is equipped with a crushing mechanism for crushing straw, the other end of the main frame is provided with a steam output mechanism for generating steam, and the outside of the main frame is provided with multiple disinfection mechanisms for soil disinfection.

[0007] Preferably, the crushing mechanism includes a collecting cover, the outer side of the collecting cover is fixedly connected to one end of the main frame, the inner side of the collecting cover is fixedly connected to an inclined panel, two straight rods extend from the outer side of the inclined panel, and two crushing rollers are rotatably connected to the outer sides of the two straight rods.

[0008] Preferably, a cylindrical gear is fixedly connected to the outer side of the crushing roller, and the two cylindrical gears are meshed. A motor is installed on the outer side of the inclined plate, and the output end of the motor is rotationally connected to one of the crushing rollers.

[0009] Preferably, a plurality of fans are installed on the inner side of the collecting hood, two conveyor belts are provided inside the main frame, and a through opening is opened on one side of the inner wall of the collecting hood, close to one end of the conveyor belt.

[0010] Preferably, a plurality of scattered holes are opened at the bottom of the main frame, and a small vibrator is installed inside the main frame.

[0011] Preferably, the steam production mechanism includes a placement cabinet and a steam barrel, the placement cabinet is arranged outside the main frame, two electric telescopic rods 2 are installed on the outside of the placement cabinet, the output end of the electric telescopic rod 2 is fixedly connected to a connecting column, and one end of the connecting column is fixedly connected to the outside of the main frame.

[0012] Preferably, the steam barrel is arranged inside a storage cabinet, a heating device is installed inside the storage cabinet, the heating device is electrically connected to the steam barrel through an electric wire, a steam outlet pipe is provided on the top of the steam barrel, and a plurality of conduits are provided at one end of the steam outlet pipe.

[0013] Preferably, the disinfection mechanism includes two electric telescopic rods and an installation box, one end of the electric telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the outside of the main frame, the output end of the electric telescopic rod is fixedly connected to an L-shaped connecting column, one end of the two L-shaped connecting columns is fixedly connected to the installation box, and a plurality of disinfection needles are installed at the bottom of the installation box, and a plurality of nozzles are provided at the bottom end of the disinfection needle, and the plurality of disinfection needles are connected to one end of the catheter through a pipeline.

[0014] The present invention provides a soil straw crushing and steam sterilization device that solves the problem of continuous cropping in soil. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0015] 1. The present invention uses soil crushing steam disinfection equipment, and its main steam heating part does not need to enter the interior of the agricultural shed, avoiding the problem that the soil becomes moist due to steam disinfection and is adsorbed on the wheels, affecting work efficiency. Through optimized design, the steam disinfection work can be carried out efficiently, which not only ensures the smooth progress of the disinfection operation, but also does not need to worry about the movement of the equipment being obstructed, providing a more convenient and efficient new working mode for the steam disinfection of soil in agricultural sheds.

[0016] 2. The present invention solves the problem of uneven steam disinfection of soil in different soil layers, uses alloy memory springs to accurately control the steam flow, and realizes all-round and dead-angle soil disinfection. After the disinfection is completed, Bacillus subtilis is released from the bottom layer of the disinfection needle to quickly restore the soil microecological environment. At the same time, the straw in the shed can be crushed, collected and evenly distributed, improving the entire process of soil treatment, improving the soil condition of the continuous cropping agricultural shed from multiple dimensions, and promoting the healthy growth of crops. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 A perspective view of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the collection cover of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the installation box structure of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the storage cabinet structure of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of the steam outlet pipe of the present invention.

[0023] Among them, 1. Main frame; 2. Collection cover; 3. Inclined panel; 4. Crushing roller; 5. Motor; 6. Cylindrical gear; 7. Fan; 8. Conveyor belt; 9. Electric telescopic rod 1; 10. L-shaped connecting column; 11. Installation box; 12. Disinfection needle; 13. Dispersion hole; 14. Placement cabinet; 15. Electric telescopic rod 2; 16. Connecting column; 17. Steam barrel; 18. Heating device; 19. Steam outlet pipe; 20. Conduit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings in the present specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] Please see the attached Figure 1 -Attached Figure 6The embodiment of the present invention provides a soil straw crushing and steam sterilization device for solving the problem of continuous cropping in soil, comprising a main frame 1, a crushing mechanism for crushing straw is installed at one end of the main frame 1, a steam output mechanism for generating steam is provided at the other end of the main frame 1, and a plurality of disinfection mechanisms for soil disinfection are provided on the outside of the main frame 1, the crushing mechanism comprises a collecting cover 2, the outer side of the collecting cover 2 is fixedly connected to one end of the main frame 1, the inner side of the collecting cover 2 is fixedly connected to an inclined panel 3, two straight rods extend from the outer side of the inclined panel 3, and two crushing rollers 4 are rotatably connected to the outer sides of the two straight rods, the tooth ratio of the two cylindrical gears 6 is designed to ensure that the two crushing rollers 4 can operate at a suitable speed ratio to achieve efficient crushing, the outer side of the crushing roller 4 is fixedly connected to a cylindrical gear 6, the two cylindrical gears 6 are meshed, and a motor 5 is installed on the outer side of the inclined panel 3, and the model selected for the motor 5 has sufficient torque and speed to drive the crushing The roller 4 overcomes the toughness of the straw to crush it, and the output end of the motor 5 is rotatably connected to one of the crushing rollers 4. A plurality of fans 7 are installed on the inner side of the collecting cover 2. The fan 7 is installed on the inner side of the collecting cover 2 near the crushing roller 4, and its air outlet faces the through hole so that the crushed straw residue can be efficiently pumped into the main frame 1. Two conveyor belts 8 are arranged inside the main frame 1. The conveyor belt 8 is made of wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant material, and its conveying speed can be adjusted according to actual needs to ensure that the conveying efficiency of the straw residue matches the subsequent operations. A through hole is opened on one side of the inner wall of the collecting cover 2, and close to one end of the conveyor belt 8, a plurality of dispersion holes 13 are opened at the bottom of the main frame 1, and a small vibrator is installed inside the main frame 1. The small vibrator is installed inside the main frame 1 above the dispersion hole 13. Its vibration frequency and amplitude are optimized, which can make the crushed residue evenly sprinkled from the multiple dispersion holes 13 and evenly cover the soil surface of the agricultural shed.The steam production mechanism includes a placement cabinet 14 and a steam barrel 17. The placement cabinet 14 is arranged outside the main frame 1. Two electric telescopic rods 15 are installed on the outside of the placement cabinet 14. The electric telescopic rods 15 can fine-tune the position of the placement cabinet 14 to ensure that the steam outlet pipe 19 of the steam barrel 17 is firmly connected to the conduit 20 to prevent steam leakage. The output end of the electric telescopic rod 15 is fixedly connected to the connecting column 16. One end of the connecting column 16 is fixedly connected to the outside of the main frame 1. The steam barrel 17 is arranged inside the placement cabinet 14. A heating device 18 is installed inside the placement cabinet 14. The heating device The device 18 has a precise temperature control system, which can quickly heat the water in the steam barrel 17 to the temperature required to generate steam and maintain a stable steam output. The heating device 18 is electrically connected to the steam barrel 17 through an electric wire. A steam outlet pipe 19 is provided on the top of the steam barrel 17. A plurality of conduits 20 are provided at one end of the steam outlet pipe 19. The steam outlet pipe 19 and the conduits 20 are made of high temperature and high pressure resistant materials and have smooth interiors to reduce resistance and heat loss during steam transportation. The disinfection mechanism includes two electric telescopic rods 9 and an installation box 11. The telescopic stroke of the electric telescopic rod 9 is adjusted according to different The depth of the soil in the agricultural shed is set according to the requirements to ensure that the disinfection needle 12 can be accurately inserted into the soil layer of the corresponding depth. One end of the electric telescopic rod 9 is fixedly connected to the outside of the main frame 1, and the output end of the electric telescopic rod 9 is fixedly connected to the L-shaped connecting column 10. The L-shaped connecting column 10 is made of high-strength steel to ensure the stability of the connection between the installation box 11 and the main frame 1. One end of the two L-shaped connecting columns 10 is fixedly connected to the installation box 11. A plurality of disinfection needles 12 are installed at the bottom of the installation box 11. The valve control structure inside the disinfection needle 12 is based on the characteristics of the alloy memory spring. When the temperature and pressure When changes occur, the alloy memory spring will compress or recover accordingly, thereby accurately controlling the flow rate of steam. A plurality of nozzles are provided at the bottom end of the disinfection needle 12. The nozzles of the disinfection needle 12 are designed at specific angles and shapes so that steam can be evenly sprayed into the soil, thereby improving the disinfection effect. A plurality of disinfection needles 12 are connected to one end of the catheter 20 through a pipeline. In addition, a special microbial agent storage and release device is provided at the bottom layer of the disinfection needle 12. When the soil disinfection is completed, the device can accurately release microbial agents such as Bacillus subtilis to promote the rapid recovery of the soil microecological environment.

[0026] Specifically, first, the entire device, including one end of the crushing mechanism, is precisely placed in a suitable position in the agricultural shed. This position must ensure that straw can be easily placed and does not hinder the operation of subsequent equipment. Then, the motor 5 is started. The model of the motor 5 is adapted to the power requirements of the equipment. It stably drives one of the crushing rollers 4 to start rotating. With the precise meshing of the two cylindrical gears 6, the other crushing roller 4 also starts to rotate. In this way, the straw can be efficiently and stably placed between the two crushing rollers 4 for crushing. Then, multiple fans 7 are started simultaneously. Their strong wind can quickly draw the crushed straw residue into the interior of the main frame 1. The conveyor belt 8 is transported by the conveyor belt 8. The conveyor belt 8 is pre-set according to the straw residue transportation volume requirements. During the straw residue transportation process, the small vibrator inside the main frame 1 is started. After the small vibrator is turned on, the crushed residue is evenly sprinkled from the multiple dispersion holes 13 and evenly covers the soil surface of the agricultural shed. At the same time, the heating device 18 is started to heat the steam barrel 17. The heating device 18 uses a precise temperature control system to heat the water in the steam barrel 17 to the high temperature required to generate steam and stably maintain this temperature to continuously generate steam. The generated steam is quickly transported to the conduit 20 through the high temperature and high pressure resistant steam outlet pipe 19, and then efficiently transported to the disinfection needle 12. The design of the spiral disinfection needle 12 is mainly divided into three layers: 0-10cm surface soil disinfection; 10-20cm middle soil disinfection; 20-30cm deep soil disinfection. In order to prevent the spiral disinfection needle 12 from encountering problems such as soil compaction when it goes down, the outer shape of the disinfection needle 12 is adjusted to make the path of the disinfection needle 12 spiral. This greatly reduces the resistance for deep soil disinfection and can make the disinfection needle 12 go in more smoothly. In order to reduce the problem of uneven distribution of water vapor inside the spiral disinfection needle 12, the interior of the spiral disinfection needle 12 is divided into three parts. Each layer of the valve in each part is composed of a frustum with a small opening on the top and a large opening on the bottom. The alloy memory spring is located inside the small opening on the top of the frustum, and the side of the frustum fits tightly with the inner side of the spiral disinfection needle 12. When the pressure slowly begins to increase or decrease, the valve can be appropriately increased or decreased through the deformation of the alloy memory spring, thereby controlling the overall flow of steam. When the pressure reaches the maximum value of the soil layer, the alloy memory spring will close the valve of the soil layer. Each layer of disinfection area is distributed with alloy memory springs of this area. Each steam outlet on the spiral disinfection needle 12 is provided with a corresponding rotatable nozzle. The nozzle is in the shape of a small screw. A ball is placed in the middle of the screw to connect to the final steam outlet. Because the size of the ball is just right to be stuck in the middle of the screw, it can be rotated without falling out from the middle. The setting of this device can ensure that steam is sprayed from different angles to ensure the uniformity of its steam disinfection. Within about 3-5 minutes after the disinfection is completed, it can accurately release microbial agents such as Bacillus subtilis to promote the rapid recovery of the soil microecological environment.

[0027] Working principle: First, the entire equipment including a part of the crushing mechanism is placed in an agricultural shed. The built-in power supply in the equipment supplies power to the motor 5, multiple electric telescopic rods and other components in the entire equipment. Then, the motor 5 is started to drive one of the crushing rollers 4 to rotate. With the cooperation of the two cylindrical gears 6, the two crushing rollers 4 start to rotate, so that the straw can be placed in the middle of the two crushing rollers 4 for crushing. At the same time, the fan 7 is started to draw the crushed slag into the inside of the main frame 1 and transported by the conveyor belt 8. Then, the small vibrator inside the main frame 1 is started to make the crushed slag evenly sprinkled from multiple dispersion holes 13; at the same time, the heating device 18 is started to heat the steam barrel 17 to generate steam, and then the steam is transported to the conduit 20 through the steam outlet pipe 19, and then transported to the disinfection needle 12. The disinfection needle 12 uses the compression and recovery of the alloy memory spring to control the size of the valve, so as to achieve the problem of reasonable flow control. At the same time, after each layer of soil is disinfected, the bottom layer of the disinfection needle 12 can also release the microbial agent Bacillus subtilis that is beneficial to soil recovery, thereby achieving a rapid recovery of the microecological environment of the disinfected soil.

[0028] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A soil straw crushing steam sterilization device for solving soil continuous cropping obstacles, comprising a main frame (1), characterized in that: One end of the main frame (1) is equipped with a crushing mechanism for crushing straw, the other end of the main frame (1) is equipped with a steam generating mechanism for generating steam, and the outside of the main frame (1) is equipped with a plurality of disinfection mechanisms for soil disinfection.

2. The soil straw crushing steam sterilization equipment for solving soil continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The crushing mechanism comprises a collecting cover (2), the outer side of the collecting cover (2) is fixedly connected to one end of the main frame (1), the inner side of the collecting cover (2) is fixedly connected to an inclined panel (3), two straight rods extend from the outer side of the inclined panel (3), and two crushing rollers (4) are rotatably connected to the outer sides of the two straight rods.

3. The soil straw crushing steam sterilization equipment for solving soil continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The outer side of the crushing roller (4) is fixedly connected with a cylindrical gear (6), and the two cylindrical gears (6) are meshed. A motor (5) is installed on the outer side of the inclined plate (3), and the output end of the motor (5) is rotationally connected to one of the crushing rollers (4).

4. The soil straw crushing steam sterilization equipment for solving soil continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 3 is characterized in that: A plurality of fans (7) are installed on the inner side of the collecting cover (2), two conveyor belts (8) are arranged inside the main frame (1), and a through opening is opened on one side of the inner wall of the collecting cover (2) and is close to one end of the conveyor belt (8).

5. The soil straw crushing steam sterilization equipment for solving soil continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 4 is characterized in that: A plurality of scattered holes (13) are provided at the bottom of the main frame (1), and a small vibrator is installed inside the main frame (1).

6. The soil straw crushing steam sterilization equipment for solving soil continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The steam production mechanism comprises a storage cabinet (14) and a steam barrel (17). The storage cabinet (14) is arranged outside the main frame (1). Two electric telescopic rods (15) are installed on the outside of the storage cabinet (14). The output end of the electric telescopic rod (15) is fixedly connected to a connecting column (16). One end of the connecting column (16) is fixedly connected to the outside of the main frame (1).

7. The soil straw crushing steam sterilization equipment for solving soil continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The steam barrel (17) is arranged inside a storage cabinet (14), a heating device (18) is installed inside the storage cabinet (14), the heating device (18) is electrically connected to the steam barrel (17) through an electric wire, a steam outlet pipe (19) is arranged on the top of the steam barrel (17), and a plurality of conduits (20) are arranged at one end of the steam outlet pipe (19).

8. The soil straw crushing steam sterilization equipment for solving soil continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The disinfection mechanism comprises two electric telescopic rods (9) and an installation box (11), one end of the electric telescopic rod (9) is fixedly connected to the outside of the main frame (1), the output end of the electric telescopic rod (9) is fixedly connected to an L-shaped connecting column (10), one end of the two L-shaped connecting columns (10) is fixedly connected to the installation box (11), a plurality of disinfection needles (12) are installed at the bottom of the installation box (11), the bottom end of the disinfection needle (12) is provided with a plurality of nozzles, and the plurality of disinfection needles (12) are connected to one end of the catheter (20) through a pipeline.

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