Ecological niche complementary method for interplanting camphor trees and tea trees and application of ecological niche complementary method

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of tea tree planting methods, in particular to an ecological niche complementary method for interplanting camphor trees with tea trees and application of the ecological niche complementary method. The method has the following effects: 1, interplanting of the cinnamomum camphora and the tea tree has an inhibition phenomenon on growth of physalospora piricola and colletotrichum gloeosporioides; 2, tea polyphenol of tea leaves can be reduced by interplanting the camphor trees and the tea trees; 3, the soil conductivity and the content of organic matters, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus can be improved by intercropping cinnamomum camphora in the tea garden; and 4, tea amino acids can be increased by interplanting the camphor trees and the tea trees.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of tea tree planting methods, and in particular to a method for interplanting tea trees with camphor trees with complementary ecological niches and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] In China, tea gardens generally adopt a monoculture model, which has many problems, such as the frequent occurrence of pests and diseases, the decline of soil fertility, and excessive dependence on pesticides and chemical fertilizers, all of which constitute a series of problems.

[0003] Despite a series of improvement measures, not only have existing problems not been effectively resolved, but they have also led to increased soil acidification in tea gardens, significant yield fluctuations, reduced tea quality, and even food safety risks such as pesticide residues. Intercropping is a highly efficient planting method widely used in agriculture, especially for low-input or resource-limited farming models. This planting model involves cultivating one or more herbs, shrubs, and trees on the same piece of land, making full use of the growth characteristics and functional diversity of these plants to improve resource utilization efficiency and ensure that all crops can benefit. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to provide a method for interplanting tea trees with camphor trees to achieve complementary ecological niches and its application, the specific scheme is as follows: A method for interplanting camphor trees and tea trees with complementary ecological niches comprises interplanting camphor trees and tea trees, with the camphor trees being 5-10 meters apart and the tea trees being 1.5-2 meters apart.

[0005] The tea tree variety is the Mengku large-leaf variety.

[0006] A method of interplanting tea trees with camphor trees to achieve complementary ecological niches is used to reduce the incidence of tea anthracnose and tea ring spot diseases in tea trees.

[0007] A method of interplanting tea trees with camphor trees having complementary ecological niches is used to reduce tea polyphenols in tea.

[0008] A method of interplanting tea trees with camphor trees to achieve complementary ecological niches is used to improve soil electrical conductivity, organic matter, alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen, and available phosphorus content.

[0009] A method of interplanting tea trees with camphor trees to achieve complementary ecological niches is used to increase amino acids in tea leaves.

[0010] The present invention has the following effects: 1. Interplanting camphor trees and tea trees inhibits the growth of tea ring spot fungus and tea anthracnose fungus.

[0011] 2. Interplanting camphor trees and tea trees can reduce the tea polyphenols in tea.

[0012] 3. Intercropping camphor trees in tea gardens can increase soil electrical conductivity, organic matter, alkaline nitrogen and available phosphorus content.

[0013] 4. Interplanting camphor trees and tea trees can increase the amino acids in tea. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 This is a field disease survey map (A is the field incidence of tea ring spot pathogen, B is the disease index of tea ring spot pathogen, C is the field incidence of tea anthracnose pathogen, and D is the disease index of tea anthracnose pathogen; CK1 is the situation of a 23-year-old single-crop tea garden, CK2 is the situation of a 24-year-old single-crop tea garden; XZ1 is the situation of a 23-year-old intercropping tea garden, and XZ2 is the situation of a 24-year-old intercropping tea garden); Figure 2 Comparison of tea polyphenol content (CK1 is a 23-year-old single-crop tea garden, CK2 is a 24-year-old single-crop tea garden; XZ1 is a 23-year-old intercropping tea garden, XZ2 is a 24-year-old intercropping tea garden); Figure 3 Comparison of amino acid content (CK1 is a 23-year-old single-crop tea garden, CK2 is a 24-year-old single-crop tea garden; XZ1 is a 23-year-old intercropping tea garden, XZ2 is a 24-year-old intercropping tea garden); Figure 4 Figure 2: Soil electrical conductivity, organic matter, alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen, and available phosphorus content (Part A: electrical conductivity; Part B: pH; Part C: organic matter; Part D: alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen; Part E: available phosphorus; Part F: available potassium). CK1: monoculture tea garden in 2023; XZ1: camphor-intercropped tea garden in 2023; CK2: monoculture tea garden in 2024; XZ2: camphor-intercropped tea garden in 2024. n=6, * indicates significant difference (P≤0.05), ** indicates extremely significant difference (P≤0.01). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The Nadameng organic tea garden (100°30′18″E, 21°46′12″N), a representative tea-growing area in Menghai County, Yunnan Province, was selected. The tea garden has an altitude of 1543.85m-1610.62m, an average annual rainfall of about 1300mm-1500mm, an average annual temperature of about 18℃-19℃, and red soil. The tea variety planted at the sampling point is the Mengku large-leaf variety (Camellia sinesis var. assamicacv.), and the tree type is a small tree. The tea garden is managed in accordance with the requirements of an ecological tea garden without applying fertilizers or pesticides. The present invention sets tea tree monoculture (CK) and tea garden intercropping with camphor trees (XZ) as shown in the following example. Figure 1As shown, each plot has an area of 667 m2. A total of six plots were observed in this study, and the experimental area was managed in the same manner as the tea garden. The study monitored the effects of intercropping on tea tree growth and the tea garden environment for two consecutive years (2023 and 2024).

[0016] 1. Tea ring spot and tea anthracnose This study found that the main leaf diseases prevalent in the tea garden were tea ring spot and tea anthracnose. The differences in the occurrence of the two diseases under tea monoculture and camphor-tea intercropping were compared and analyzed. Figure 1 Field disease surveys show that tea ring spot is more severe in tea monoculture, with the lowest incidence in tea-camphor intercropping. In 2023, the incidence in intercropped tea gardens was only 2.27%, a decrease of 22.37% compared to tea monoculture. In 2024, the incidence in intercropped tea gardens was 1.47%, a decrease of 19.63% compared to tea monoculture.

[0017] The ring spot disease index decreased significantly during tea-camphor intercropping from 2023 to 2024. Under tea monoculture, tea anthracnose was the second most common disease, affecting only 4.8% of intercropped tea gardens in 2023, a 51.43% decrease compared to tea monoculture. In 2024, the incidence was 4.53% in intercropped tea gardens, a 47.22% decrease compared to tea monoculture. The tea anthracnose disease index also decreased significantly during tea-camphor intercropping from 2023 to 2024.

[0018] 2. Comparison of tea polyphenols (such as Figure 2 ) The tea polyphenol content of tea samples ranged from 20.17%±0.37% to 42.35%±1.8%. There was a significant difference between CK1 and XZ1 in 2023, and an extremely significant difference between CK2 and XZ2 in 2024 (P<0.05). The trends in the two years were consistent. Compared with CK, the tea polyphenol content in the camphor intercropping tea gardens in both years was reduced.

[0019] 3. Comparison of amino acid profiles (e.g. Figure 3 ) The amino acid content of tea samples ranged from 2.43% ± 0.05% to 3.14% ± 0.05%, with the highest content in the intercropped tea garden in 2024. There was a significant difference between CK1 and XZ1 in 2023, and between CK2 and XZ2 in 2024 (P < 0.05), showing a consistent trend in both years. Compared with CK, the intercropped tea gardens in both years had increased amino acid content.

[0020] 4. Improvement of soil electrical conductivity, organic matter, alkaline nitrogen and available phosphorus content (such as Figure 4 ) Soil electrical conductivity ranged from 38.47±1.58μm / cm to 57.13±1.06μm / cm. Camphor intercropping tea gardens showed significantly higher conductivity than the control (P<0.05). In 2023, there was a significant difference between CK1 and XZ1, and in 2024, there was a significant difference between CK2 and XZ2. The trends were consistent across the two years, with camphor intercropping tea gardens showing increased soil electrical conductivity compared to the CK in both years.

[0021] Soil pH ranged from 4.86±0.04 to 5.08±0.05, with camphor intercropping soil pH lower than the control (P<0.05). In 2023, there was a significant difference between CK1 and XZ1, and in 2024, there was a significant difference between CK2 and XZ2. The trends were consistent in both years, with camphor intercropping in tea gardens lowering soil pH compared to CK in both years.

[0022] Soil organic matter content ranged from 45.05±2.72g / kg to 83.13±3.8g / kg. There was a significant difference between CK1 and XZ1 in 2023, and between CK2 and XZ2 in 2024. The soil organic matter content in the camphor intercropping plantation was higher in 2023 than in 2024. The organic matter content in the tea garden intercropped with camphor in 2024 was higher than that in the intercropping plantation, indicating that intercropping can increase soil organic matter in tea gardens to a certain extent (p<0.05).

[0023] The alkaline nitrogen content of the soil ranged from 269.03 mg / kg±11.49 to 561.27±17.75 mg / kg. There was an extremely significant difference between CK1 and XZ1 in 2023, and an extremely significant difference between CK2 and XZ2 in 2024. The alkaline nitrogen in the tea gardens intercropped with camphor was higher than that in the control (P<0.05). The camphor-tea intercropping model can significantly increase the alkaline nitrogen content in the soil, and alkaline nitrogen is an important indicator for measuring the nitrogen content in the soil. This increase means that the absorbable nitrogen content has increased during the growth of tea trees, thereby effectively promoting the healthy growth of tea trees. Available phosphorus was 55.34±5.52 mg / kg-84.3±2.22 mg / kg. There was an extremely significant difference between CK1 and XZ1 in 2023, and an extremely significant difference between CK2 and XZ2 in 2024. The available phosphorus in the tea gardens intercropped with camphor was higher than that in the control. Soil available phosphorus refers to the phosphorus element in the soil that can be absorbed and utilized by tea trees. A high content of available phosphorus has an important impact on the production of high-quality tea (P<0.05).

[0024] The available potassium content ranged from 60.18±5.84mg / kg to 116.91±5.56mg / kg. In 2023, there was an extremely significant difference between CK1 and XZ1, and in 2024, there was an extremely significant difference between CK2 and XZ2. In 2023, the available potassium of intercropped camphor trees was lower than that of the control, while in 2024, the available potassium of intercropped camphor trees was higher than that of the control. This indicates that intercropping camphor trees can increase the available potassium content in tea garden soils. In 2023, there was an extremely significant difference between CK1 and XZ1; in 2024, there was an extremely significant difference between CK2 and XZ2. In terms of available potassium content, the available potassium content in tea garden soils intercropped with camphor trees was lower than that of the control in 2023, but in 2024, the available potassium content in tea garden soils intercropped with camphor trees was higher than that of the control. This indicates that intercropping with camphor trees can effectively increase the available potassium content in tea garden soils (P<0.05).

[0025] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art may still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or replace some of the technical features therein with equivalents. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for interplanting tea trees with camphor trees to achieve complementary ecological niches, characterized in that: Interplant camphor trees and tea trees, with the distance between camphor trees being 5-10m and the distance between tea trees being 1.5-2m.

2. The method for interplanting tea trees with camphor trees for complementary ecological niches as claimed in claim 1, wherein: The tea tree variety is the Mengku large-leaf variety.

3. A method of interplanting tea trees with camphor trees to achieve complementary ecological niches is used to reduce the incidence of tea anthracnose and tea ring spot diseases in tea trees.

4. A method of interplanting tea trees with complementary ecological niches is used to reduce tea polyphenols in tea.

5. A method of interplanting tea trees with camphor trees to achieve complementary ecological niches is used to improve soil electrical conductivity, organic matter, alkaline nitrogen and available phosphorus content.

6. A method of interplanting tea trees with camphor trees to achieve complementary ecological niches is used to increase the amino acid content of tea leaves.

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