Block chain-based transport case full-process traceability management method and system

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of transportation, and particularly relates to a block chain-based transportation box full-process traceability management method and system, and the method comprises the steps of transportation box identifier generation, initial data chaining, transportation data collection, node verification recording, automatic abnormality response, and full-process traceability. According to the method, the unique block chain encryption address and node signature verification of the transport case are adopted, and the data are linked with a physical lock through Hash chain binding and encryption chips after being linked, so that the whole-process data cannot be tampered; an Internet of Things sensor is adopted to collect temperature and humidity / position data in real time, edge calculation is adopted to filter abnormal values, and intelligent contract threshold alarm and authority freezing are carried out, so that automatic collection and response of dynamic data are realized; a block chain timestamp and a chain structure are adopted to generate a space-time atlas, binding of an operation record and a responsible person signature and a fragmented block chain support cross-regional collaboration, and multi-agent collaboration tracing and accurate positioning are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of transportation, and particularly relates to full traceability management. Specifically disclosed is a blockchain-based full-process traceability management method and system for transport boxes. Background Art

[0002] As the complexity of the global supply chain increases, the demand for transporting high-value goods, especially medicines and fresh food, which are sensitive to the transportation environment, has increased dramatically.

[0003] Currently, most companies use physical labels such as barcodes / QR codes to record basic cargo information, and manually scan and collect data. Radio frequency identification technology is used to achieve contactless data reading and batch processing of cargo information. Logistics node information is stored on the company's own servers and manually entered or synchronized with handheld devices. Transport handovers use paper documents to record responsible personnel, time, and other information. Loading, unloading, and transit operations require manual signature confirmation by operators, and data access rights are controlled through preset accounts. This makes it difficult to support the high-concurrency data processing needs of cross-border, multi-regional collaboration scenarios, resulting in three core issues:

[0004] Data authenticity is questionable: Manual records and centralized storage are easily tampered with, making them difficult to use as valid evidence in legal disputes;

[0005] Lack of real-time monitoring capabilities: Unable to promptly detect abnormalities in the transport box status, such as temperature control failure or route deviation;

[0006] Inefficient responsibility tracing: Multi-subject data silos result in responsibility determination relying on manual verification, which is costly.

[0007] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a full-process traceability solution for transport boxes that integrates dynamic data collection, automated response, and a multi-agent mutual trust mechanism. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In view of this, the present invention proposes a full-process traceability management method for transport boxes based on blockchain, which realizes trusted monitoring of the transportation process by deeply integrating blockchain and Internet of Things technologies: a unique blockchain encrypted address is generated for each transport box, and environmental data and operation records are collected by Internet of Things devices during the packing, transportation, and transit links. Node signature verification and chain block binding are used to ensure that data cannot be tampered with. With the help of smart contracts, alarms and permission freezes are automatically triggered for abnormal events such as temperature control failure and path deviation. Finally, a visual transportation path map is generated based on the blockchain timestamp, forming a full-chain trusted closed loop covering "physical operation-data storage-abnormal response-multi-party traceability", which solves the core pain points of traditional logistics such as data falsification, unclear responsibilities, and delayed response.

[0009] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solution: a full-process traceability management method for transport boxes based on blockchain, characterized in that it specifically includes the following steps:

[0010] S1. Shipping box identification generation: Each shipping box is assigned a unique blockchain encrypted address, which carries metadata such as the batch, production date, and packing list of the items in the box;

[0011] S2. Initial data upload: When packing, the operator scans the shipping box identification with an IoT device and writes the quantity of items in the box, the packaging time, and the starting location information into the blockchain to form the initial block;

[0012] S3. Transport data collection: Transport vehicles are equipped with IoT sensors to collect real-time temperature, humidity, and geographic location data of transport boxes. This data is filtered by edge computing devices and uploaded to the blockchain network.

[0013] S4. Node verification records: During loading, unloading, and transit, operators scan the transport box identification and sign. After the blockchain verifies the identity, it records the operation time, responsible person, and handover location, generates a new block, and binds it to the previous link data chain;

[0014] S5. Automatic response to exceptions: When the real-time data collected by the sensor exceeds the threshold or the identification scan is interrupted, the system automatically triggers an alarm event through the smart contract and takes corresponding measures;

[0015] S6. Full-process traceability: Based on blockchain timestamps and chain structures, a visual transportation route map is generated, supporting multi-subject collaborative verification of data authenticity.

[0016] A blockchain-based full-process traceability management system for transport boxes, characterized by including:

[0017] Identification generation module: used to generate a unique blockchain encrypted address for each shipping box;

[0018] Data upload module: An IoT scanning terminal deployed at the packing site is used to scan the shipping box identification and write the packing data into the blockchain;

[0019] IoT sensing module: This includes temperature and humidity sensors, GPS positioning modules, and edge computing devices installed on transport vehicles, with built-in data filtering rules and a lightweight encryption engine.

[0020] Verification and record module: Blockchain operation terminals deployed at loading and unloading and transit nodes support operators to scan the transport box identification and sign;

[0021] Blockchain network: adopts a consortium chain architecture, including logistics companies, regulatory agencies, and third-party audit nodes;

[0022] Smart contract engine: Executes preset temperature control policies and authority management, configures hierarchical response strategies, and dynamically adjusts the status of shipping boxes;

[0023] Traceability interaction module: provides an API interface for multiple entities to verify data authenticity, and supports end users to scan codes to query full-process traceability information.

[0024] Combining all the above technical solutions, the present invention has the following positive effects:

[0025] 1. The present invention adopts the unique blockchain encryption address of the transport box and node signature verification. After the data is uploaded to the chain, it is linked with the physical lock through hash chain binding and encryption chip to ensure that the data in the entire process cannot be tampered with.

[0026] 2. The present invention uses IoT sensors to collect temperature, humidity, and location data in real time, and uses edge computing to filter abnormal values and smart contract threshold alarms and permission freezes to achieve automatic collection and response of dynamic data.

[0027] 3. The present invention enables precise responsibility tracing: blockchain timestamps, chain structures generate a time-space map, operation records are bound to the signatures of responsible persons, and sharded blockchains support cross-regional collaboration, enabling multi-subject collaborative tracing and precise positioning. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for describing the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0029] Attachment Figure 1 Flowchart of the present invention.

[0030] Attachment Figure 2 It is a step diagram of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] See also Figure 1As shown, the present invention proposes a full-process traceability management method and system for transport boxes based on blockchain, which is characterized by including an identification generation module, a data chain module, an Internet of Things perception module, a verification record module, a blockchain network, a smart contract engine and a traceability interaction module.

[0033] like Figure 2 As shown, the specific implementation steps of the present invention include the following steps:

[0034] S1. Shipping box identification generation: Each shipping box is assigned a unique blockchain encrypted address, which carries metadata such as the batch, production date, and packing list of the items in the box;

[0035] The blockchain encrypted address is specifically:

[0036] It is generated through the national encryption algorithm and bound to the physical lock status of the transport box. When the lock is opened without authorization, the blockchain automatically updates the encrypted address status to invalid.

[0037] It should be noted that each transport box has a unique encrypted address generated by an identification generation module, such as a blockchain node server, when it leaves the factory. This address is generated using a national encryption algorithm and contains tamper-proof information such as the transport box serial number and the manufacturer's digital certificate.

[0038] The encrypted address is linked to the physical lock of the transport box, such as the status of the electronic seal. When the lock is opened without authorization, such as by violent destruction or abnormal unlocking, the blockchain automatically triggers the address invalidation protocol, updates the address status to "abnormal", and freezes the relevant operation permissions.

[0039] The address metadata is encapsulated in JSON format, including the batch number, production date, shipping list hash value, and digital signature of the cargo owner, ensuring data integrity and verifiable source.

[0040] S2. Initial data upload: When packing, the operator scans the shipping box identification with an IoT device and writes the quantity of items in the box, the packaging time, and the starting location information into the blockchain to form the initial block;

[0041] The specific operation process is as follows: an IoT scanning terminal, such as an RFID reader, is deployed at the packing site. After the operator scans the transport box identification, the terminal automatically collects the container time and starting position coordinates, and calls the smart contract to generate an initial block. The starting position coordinates are located by GPS or Beidou.

[0042] The data is encrypted, and the packing data including the number of items and packaging time are encrypted with AES-256 and uploaded to the chain. The initial block contains the hash value of the previous block to form an irreversible data chain.

[0043] It should be noted that only the authorized loader's private key can trigger the generation of the initial block, and the blockchain node executes the write operation after verifying the operation authority.

[0044] S3. Transport data collection: Transport vehicles are equipped with IoT sensors to collect real-time temperature, humidity, and geographic location data of transport boxes. This data is filtered by edge computing devices and uploaded to the blockchain network.

[0045] The edge computing device is specifically:

[0046] The sensor data is cleaned and outliers are filtered, and only data that meets the preset logic is retained and uploaded to the blockchain. The uploaded data is encrypted to generate a lightweight Merkle tree and compressed and stored on the blockchain side chain.

[0047] It should be noted that the transport vehicles are equipped with multimodal IoT sensors, including high-precision temperature and humidity sensors, tri-frequency GPS positioning modules, and accelerometers, among which the accelerometers are used to monitor vibrations.

[0048] Edge computing devices, such as in-vehicle industrial computers, have built-in data cleaning algorithms to eliminate temperature and humidity jump data caused by signal interference. For example, a threshold is set: a temperature change rate greater than x°C / min is considered abnormal.

[0049] Using a lightweight Merkle tree structure, valid data within y minutes is aggregated into a single hash value and uploaded to the blockchain side chain to reduce storage overhead.

[0050] The data is encrypted by the TEE trusted execution environment before transmission to ensure that the original data cannot be tampered with by intermediate nodes during transmission.

[0051] S4. Node verification records: During loading, unloading, and transit, operators scan the transport box identification and sign. After the blockchain verifies the identity, it records the operation time, responsible person, and handover location, generates a new block, and binds it to the previous link data chain;

[0052] The signature verification is specifically as follows:

[0053] The operator uses an asymmetric encryption private key to sign the scanning action. After the blockchain node verifies that the public key matches the preset permission list, it generates an operation record block containing a timestamp and geolocation hash.

[0054] If the same shipping box is scanned repeatedly within a preset time, the smart contract will be triggered to mark it as an abnormal operation.

[0055] It should be noted that the identity authentication mechanism is as follows: when loading, unloading or transshipping, the operator scans the transport box identification through the blockchain operation terminal and signs the operation using an asymmetric encryption private key.

[0056] After the blockchain node verifies that the signature public key matches the preset permission list, it records the operation time, responsible person ID, and latitude and longitude of the handover location. If the same transport box is scanned repeatedly within the preset time window, such as z minutes, the smart contract marks it as an "abnormal operation" and triggers an alarm event.

[0057] It should be noted that the new block generated by each operation contains the hash value of the block in the previous link, forming an irreversible operation chain associated with time and space.

[0058] S5. Automatic response to exceptions: When the real-time data collected by the sensor exceeds the threshold or the identification scan is interrupted, the system automatically triggers an alarm event through the smart contract and takes corresponding measures;

[0059] The abnormal automatic response further includes:

[0060] If a transport box is damaged during transit, the scan interruption data recorded on the blockchain can quickly locate the problem node, such as a truck failing to complete the code scanning loop. At the same time, the physical state changes of the box encryption lock are synchronized on the chain.

[0061] After the alarm event is triggered, the system sends multi-level response instructions to the related nodes. The primary alarm notifies the carrier, and the serious alarm freezes the relevant transport box permissions.

[0062] It should be noted that the multi-level alarm strategy is a system-level response based on the severity of the abnormality:

[0063] Primary alarm: Temperature and humidity exceed the limit temporarily. If the limit is exceeded for less than a minute, notify the carrier to check the equipment.

[0064] Serious alarm: If the transport box identification scan is interrupted or the lock status is abnormal, the smart contract will automatically freeze the transport box operation permissions and notify the regulator to intervene.

[0065] When an alarm is received, the problem node can be quickly located by analyzing the scan interruption timestamp and geographic location recorded in the blockchain, such as a truck failing to complete the code scanning loop.

[0066] S6. Full-process traceability: Based on blockchain timestamps and chain structures, a visual transportation route map is generated, supporting multi-subject collaborative verification of data authenticity.

[0067] The visual transport path map is specifically as follows:

[0068] Overlay blockchain timestamps with GIS map data to generate a spatiotemporal trajectory heat map, and mark the temperature and humidity compliance intervals with different colors;

[0069] Digital certificate verification modules are embedded in key nodes such as customs inspection and temperature control over-limit operations, allowing end users to scan codes to verify the authenticity of the data. During the verification process, the hash value of the verification result is returned through the blockchain API interface to ensure that the result cannot be forged.

[0070] It should be noted that the system supports consumer inquiries. After the consignee scans the shipping box logo, the blockchain system returns a visual traceability map showing the time and space trajectory of the entire process from packing to receipt, and comes with digital certificates to verify key nodes.

[0071] It supports multi-party collaborative auditing. All supply chain participants, such as manufacturers, logistics providers, and retailers, can simultaneously verify transportation data through distributed ledgers to avoid disputes caused by information silos.

[0072] It should be noted that the transport box full-process traceability management system adopts a modular design, and each module works together to achieve reliable monitoring of the entire process:

[0073] Identification generation module: Deployed on a cloud server or local node, it generates an encrypted address for the transport box based on a national encryption algorithm and binds it to the MAC address of the physical lock to achieve dual authentication of software and hardware.

[0074] Data on-chain module: integrated into the IoT scanning terminal, supports offline signature function: temporarily stores operation records when the network is interrupted, and uploads them to the chain in batches after the network is restored to ensure data integrity.

[0075] IoT perception module: The sensor data collection frequency is configurable, such as b minutes / time for cold chain medicines and c minutes / time for general cargo. The edge computing device has a built-in FPGA acceleration chip to improve data filtering efficiency.

[0076] Blockchain network: Sharding architecture: Independent sub-chains are divided according to transportation areas, such as the Asia-Pacific sub-chain and the European sub-chain. The key event hashes are synchronized between sub-chains through the relay chain, achieving high throughput in cross-border logistics scenarios.

[0077] Consensus mechanism: adopts the improved PBFT algorithm, presets logistics companies and regulatory agencies as consensus nodes, and third-party audit nodes as observation nodes, taking into account both efficiency and decentralization requirements.

[0078] Smart Contract Engine: Built-in temperature control policy library, such as drug transportation requirements, route compliance rules such as electronic fences in prohibited areas, and supports dynamic loading of industry standard contract templates.

[0079] Traceability interaction module: provides a standardized API interface, supports access to enterprise ERP systems, regulatory platforms and end-user apps, and the response time for code scanning is less than 1 second.

[0080] Take cross-border pharmaceutical cold chain transportation as an example:

[0081] Packing: The drugs are loaded into the transport box with the encrypted address "0x7B3A...". The initial block records a temperature of 25°C, which meets the loading conditions.

[0082] Shipping: Edge devices filter data from shipboard cold storage sensors. If they detect a temperature exceeding the limit of m°C (n°C), the smart contract triggers an alarm and notifies the captain to make adjustments.

[0083] Customs clearance: Customs scans the code to verify the status of the transport box, and generates a customs clearance block after the digital signature is uploaded to the chain;

[0084] Traceability: The consignee scans the QR code to view the temperature control curve of the entire chain, and initiates the claim process after confirming the r-hour overlimit record. The blockchain data is accepted as judicial evidence.

Claims

1. A blockchain-based full-process traceability management method for transport boxes, characterized by: The specific steps include: S1. Shipping box identification generation: Each shipping box is assigned a unique blockchain encrypted address, which carries metadata such as the batch, production date, and packing list of the items in the box; S2. Initial data upload: When packing, the operator scans the shipping box identification with an IoT device and writes the quantity of items in the box, the packaging time, and the starting location information into the blockchain to form the initial block; S3. Transport data collection: Transport vehicles are equipped with IoT sensors to collect real-time temperature, humidity, and geographic location data of transport boxes. This data is filtered by edge computing devices and uploaded to the blockchain network. S4. Node verification records: During loading, unloading, and transit, operators scan the transport box identification and sign. After the blockchain verifies the identity, it records the operation time, responsible person, and handover location, generates a new block, and binds it to the previous link data chain; S5. Automatic response to exceptions: When the real-time data collected by the sensor exceeds the threshold or the identification scan is interrupted, the system automatically triggers an alarm event through the smart contract and takes corresponding measures; S6. Full-process traceability: Based on blockchain timestamps and chain structures, a visual transportation route map is generated, supporting multi-subject collaborative verification of data authenticity.

2. The blockchain-based full-process traceability management method for transport boxes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The blockchain encrypted address is specifically: It is generated through the national encryption algorithm and bound to the physical lock status of the transport box. When the lock is opened without authorization, the blockchain automatically updates the encrypted address status to invalid.

3. The blockchain-based full-process traceability management method for transport boxes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The edge computing device is specifically: The sensor data is cleaned and outliers are filtered, and only data that meets the preset logic is retained and uploaded to the blockchain. The uploaded data is encrypted to generate a lightweight Merkle tree and compressed and stored on the blockchain side chain.

4. The blockchain-based full-process traceability management method for transport boxes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The signature verification is specifically as follows: The operator uses an asymmetric encryption private key to sign the scanning action. After the blockchain node verifies that the public key matches the preset permission list, it generates an operation record block containing a timestamp and geolocation hash. If the same shipping box is scanned repeatedly within a preset time, the smart contract will be triggered to mark it as an abnormal operation.

5. The blockchain-based full-process traceability management method for transport boxes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific abnormal automatic response is: If a transport box is damaged during transit, the scan interruption data recorded on the blockchain can quickly locate the problem node, such as a truck failing to complete the code scanning loop. At the same time, the physical state changes of the box encryption lock are synchronized on the chain. After the alarm event is triggered, the system sends multi-level response instructions to the related nodes. The primary alarm notifies the carrier, and the serious alarm freezes the relevant transport box permissions.

6. The blockchain-based full-process traceability management method for transport boxes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The visual transport path map is specifically as follows: Overlay blockchain timestamps with GIS map data to generate a spatiotemporal trajectory heat map; Digital certificate verification modules are embedded in key nodes such as customs inspection and temperature control over-limit, for end users to scan and verify.

7. A full-process traceability management system for transport boxes based on blockchain, characterized in that: include: Identification generation module: used to generate a unique blockchain encrypted address for each shipping box; Data upload module: An IoT scanning terminal deployed at the packing site is used to scan the shipping box identification and write the packing data into the blockchain; IoT sensing module: This includes temperature and humidity sensors, GPS positioning modules, and edge computing devices installed on transport vehicles, with built-in data filtering rules and a lightweight encryption engine. Verification and record module: Blockchain operation terminals deployed at loading and unloading and transit nodes support operators to scan the transport box identification and sign; Blockchain network: adopts a consortium chain architecture, including logistics companies, regulatory agencies, and third-party audit nodes; Smart contract engine: Executes preset temperature control policies and authority management, configures hierarchical response strategies, and dynamically adjusts the status of shipping boxes; Traceability interaction module: provides an API interface for multiple entities to verify data authenticity, and supports end users to scan codes to query full-process traceability information.

8. The blockchain-based full-process traceability management system for transport boxes according to claim 7, characterized in that: The blockchain network is specifically: Adopting a sharding architecture, it divides independent sub-chains by transport area, such as the Asia-Pacific sub-chain and the European sub-chain. The sub-chains synchronize key event hashes through the relay chain; IoT sensor data is encrypted by the TEE trusted execution environment before transmission to ensure that the original data cannot be tampered with by the node.

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