Ecological wave dissipation embankment

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of coast protection and restoration, in particular to an ecological wave dissipation embankment. The invention aims to provide an ecological wave dissipation embankment which can realize wave dissipation protection and ecological restoration. According to the technical scheme, the ecological wave dissipation embankment comprises a plurality of ecological wave dissipation units which are arranged on the coastal side of a vertical seawall and are sequentially arranged in the extending direction of the vertical seawall; each ecological wave dissipation unit comprises a wave dissipation block with the top protruding and multiple stages of wave dissipation areas arranged on the wave dissipation block.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of coast protection and restoration, in particular to an ecological wave-breaking dike. Background Art

[0002] Seawalls serve as a critical barrier against natural disasters such as typhoons and storm surges in coastal areas. While their construction has strengthened coastal areas' disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities, they also have adverse impacts on coastal ecosystems. Traditional seawall projects have altered the natural coastline, encroached on key coastal wetlands such as mangroves and salt marshes, and severed biological corridors in the land-sea transition zone, leading to fragmented coastal landscapes and reduced biodiversity. This ecological disturbance not only hinders species migration and genetic exchange but can also disrupt food chains, disrupt energy flows, and have long-term impacts on the balance of coastal ecosystems.

[0003] Current ecological transformation technologies for seawalls mostly focus on the restoration of a single ecosystem, community, or species. In the complex marine environment of the intertidal zone, there are still significant deficiencies in the protection and restoration technology for the entire coastal ecosystem. Take the ecological face-protection block technology as an example. This technology attempts to balance engineering protection and ecological restoration functions by filling ecological soil in blocks with a central cavity structure and planting salt-alkali-tolerant plants. However, due to long-term wave scouring and ocean erosion, the ecological soil filled in the blocks is prone to loss, causing the elevation of the planting area to drop, making it difficult to meet the growth needs of salt-alkali-tolerant plants, and even causing plant death, which restricts the ecological restoration effect of this technology.

[0004] Therefore, it is of great significance to study an ecological embankment that has both wave-breaking function and overall ecological restoration function and has a reliable structure. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the above-mentioned background technology and to provide an ecological wave-breaking dike which can achieve wave-breaking protection and ecological restoration.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is:

[0007] An ecological wave-breaking dike comprises a plurality of ecological wave-breaking units arranged on the seaward side of a vertical seawall and arranged in sequence along the extension direction of the vertical seawall; the ecological wave-breaking units comprise wave-breaking blocks with raised tops and multi-level wave-breaking areas arranged on the wave-breaking blocks.

[0008] The wave-breaking block comprises an arc-shaped wave-breaking surface and a bracket supporting the wave-breaking surface.

[0009] The multi-level wave-breaking area includes a first wave-breaking area, a second wave-breaking area, a third wave-breaking area, a fourth wave-breaking area, a fifth wave-breaking area and a plant growth area which are arranged on the sea side of the wave-breaking area and arranged in sequence along the direction of the waves.

[0010] The first wave-breaking area is a plurality of vertically arranged wave-breaking columns.

[0011] The second wave-breaking grid area and the fourth wave-breaking grid area are both wave-breaking grids.

[0012] The third wave-breaking area is gravel, or the third wave-breaking area is gravel and shells.

[0013] The fifth wave-breaking area is composed of a number of wave-breaking plates arranged in parallel.

[0014] The plant growth area comprises a growth box and a gravel layer, an intertidal zone soil layer, a plant growth substrate layer and a plant layer which are sequentially stacked from bottom to top inside the growth box.

[0015] The growth box is arranged below the wave-breaking surface, the top surface of the growth box is open and the box wall of the growth box is provided with drainage holes.

[0016] The wave-breaking column is a hollow cement column filled with crushed stones; the wave-breaking grid is a cement grid; the wave-breaking board is a cement flat board; and the plant layer is herbaceous plants or tree plants.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0018] 1. The multi-level wave-breaking area of the present invention is equipped with wave-breaking structures such as wave-breaking columns, wave-breaking grids, wave-breaking gravel and wave-breaking boards from low to high. It can not only effectively resist the scouring of waves and protect the nearshore coastline from erosion, but also provide a diverse habitat (habitat and ecological services) for different types of marine organisms, promote the diversity of nearshore marine organisms, and achieve the purpose of nearshore ecological restoration and nearshore water quality purification.

[0019] 2. The plant growth area of the present invention is arranged with a multi-layer structure according to the growth requirements of offshore crops to meet the growth requirements of crops. At the same time, the plant growth area and the multi-level wave-breaking area are combined into an integrated structure of multi-level wave-breaking structure and offshore salt-alkali-tolerant herb or tree growth, which enriches the ecology around the seawall, shapes the suitable coastal plant growth elevation, increases the survival rate of plants and enhances the landscape value of the coastline, strengthens the ecological restoration capacity of the coast and enhances the landscape value of the coastline.

[0020] 3. The ecological wave-breaking unit combination of the present invention is arranged on the ecological wave-breaking dike on the sea side of the vertical seawall, flexibly exerting its ecological function and realizing the function of ecological restoration and protection of the coastline. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the top structure of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the ecological wave-breaking unit of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the top view of the ecological wave-breaking unit of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the main block of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the plant growth area of the present invention.

[0026] Figure numerals: first wave-breaking zone 1, wave-breaking column 1.1, second wave-breaking zone 2, wave-breaking grid 2.1, third wave-breaking zone 3, fourth wave-breaking zone 4, fifth wave-breaking zone 5, wave-breaking board 5.1, plant growth zone 6, growth box 6.1, gravel layer 6.2, intertidal soil layer 6.3, plant growth matrix layer 6.4, drainage hole 6.5, ecological wave-breaking unit 7, wave-breaking surface 7.1, bracket 7.2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, an ecological wave-breaking dike is arranged on the sea side of the vertical seawall and is composed of ecological wave-breaking units 7. The ecological wave-breaking units are arranged in sequence along the extension direction of the vertical seawall. The length of the ecological wave-breaking dike is determined according to the scale of the seawall and coastline in the area to be protected.

[0029] The ecological wave-breaking dike should be spaced a certain distance from the vertical seawall and should be located in an area periodically flooded by tides, typically 5-30 meters. The ecological wave-breaking units are placed on the beach and are arranged closely adjacent to each other.

[0030] The ecological wave-breaking unit is a wave-breaking block with a multi-level wave-breaking zone. The top of the wave-breaking block is raised upward, and the multi-level wave-breaking zone is arranged on the top surface of the wave-breaking block. The wave-breaking block includes a wave-breaking surface 7.1 and a bracket 7.2. The wave-breaking surface is curved in an arc shape, and the wave-breaking surface is a concrete panel. The bracket is used to support the wave-breaking surface and maintain structural stability. The bracket is arranged on the left and right sides of the wave-breaking surface and can be a solid cement column with a circular cross-section.

[0031] The multi-level wave-breaking area includes a first wave-breaking area 1, a second wave-breaking area 2, a third wave-breaking area 3, a fourth wave-breaking area 4, a fifth wave-breaking area 5 and a plant growth area 6. The first wave-breaking area, the second wave-breaking area, the third wave-breaking area, the fourth wave-breaking area, the fifth wave-breaking area and the plant growth area are arranged on the seaward side of the wave-breaking surface and are arranged in sequence along the direction of the waves. The first wave-breaking area is arranged at the bottom of the seaward side of the wave-breaking surface, and the plant growth area is arranged at the top of the wave-breaking surface.

[0032] The first wave-breaking area includes a number of wave-breaking columns 1.1. The wave-breaking columns are arranged vertically and are divided into two rows, front and rear, parallel to the upright seawall. The wave-breaking columns in the rear row (the wave-breaking columns on the side close to the upright seawall) are higher than the wave-breaking columns in the front row. The wave-breaking columns are hollow cement cylinders, the bottom of which is fixed to the wave-breaking surface, the top of which is open, and the interior of the wave-breaking columns is filled with gravel. When the tide is high, the wave-breaking columns can gradually reduce the energy of the waves to reduce the erosion of the seawall by the waves; when the tide is low, the wave-breaking columns are exposed to the sea surface, which can provide a habitat for seabirds. In addition, the gravel inside the wave-breaking columns provides a rich habitat for various marine organisms. As the tide rises and falls, the surface of the gravel will gradually be covered with a layer of mud and sand and form a biofilm, which can purify the water quality.

[0033] Both the second and fourth wave-breaking zones are equipped with wave-breaking grates 2.1. These grates are rectangular and feature a number of permeable channels parallel to the vertical seawall. These channels extend through the wave-breaking surface and are spaced uniformly. These grates increase the overall air permeability of the structure, enhancing water circulation and reducing wave energy. They also provide space for fish and other marine life to swim and hide.

[0034] The third wave-breaking area is composed of gravel embedded in the surface of the wave-breaking surface, or a mixture of gravel and shells embedded in the surface of the wave-breaking surface. The third wave-breaking area, through its irregular shape and arrangement, increases friction and energy dissipation when waves pass through, thereby effectively reducing the impact of waves on the entire ecological wave-breaking block structure and providing a habitat for marine life.

[0035] The fifth wave-breaking zone comprises wave-breaking panels 5.1. These panels are prefabricated hollow cement slabs arranged in two rows, parallel to the vertical seawall. The rear row (the panels closer to the vertical seawall) is taller than the front row. As waves pass through the gap between the front and rear rows of panels, their energy is dispersed and dissipated, reducing the impact on the overall structure. Gravel is also filled between the front and rear rows of panels, providing further habitat for marine life.

[0036] The plant growth area is arranged on top of the wave-breaking surface and includes a growth chamber 6.1.

[0037] The growth chamber is a box structure with closed sides and a bottom and an open top. Drain holes 6.5 are provided on both the left and right walls of the growth chamber. The growth chamber is located below the wave-breaking surface, and an opening is also provided on the top of the wave-breaking surface, corresponding to the position of the production chamber. Inside the growth chamber, stacked from bottom to top, are a gravel layer 6.2, an intertidal soil layer 6.3, a plant growth substrate layer 6.4, and a plant layer. The plant layer is planted on the plant growth substrate layer, extending upward from the wave-breaking surface.

[0038] The gravel layer, located at the bottom layer, provides a certain amount of attachment space for microorganisms, promoting their growth and reproduction. The gravel layer is 0.2-0.3m thick and uses gravel with a particle size of 50-200mm. The particle size of the gravel gradually decreases from bottom to top, making the gravel layer highly permeable, able to quickly absorb and conduct water, providing ample drainage space for the drainage holes, promoting rapid water discharge, and maintaining a suitable humidity in the plant growth area.

[0039] Drain holes are located in the lower middle portion of the gravel layer to ensure that water is drained after initial filtration. These holes are arranged horizontally at regular intervals, with a diameter of 2 to 3 cm. The number of holes can be appropriately arranged based on actual needs and design requirements. These holes are also equipped with removable, hollow mesh covers that block gravel without affecting water drainage, ensuring the stability and effectiveness of the drainage system.

[0040] The intertidal zone soil layer is located above the gravel layer, providing a suitable growth environment for plant roots. The thickness of the intertidal zone soil layer is 0.5 to 1 meter, and the soil is suitable for the growth of salt- and alkali-tolerant herbs or trees.

[0041] The plant growth matrix layer provides a direct growth environment and nutritional support for plants. The addition of microbial agents helps stabilize the microbial community and promote the enrichment of specific functional microorganisms. The plant growth matrix layer is 0.2 μm thick and should have sufficient organic matter content.

[0042] The plant area is composed of salt- and alkali-tolerant herbaceous plants or tree plants, such as common native species such as reed, salsa, and mangrove.

[0043] In this embodiment, the bacterial agent includes preparation and administration.

[0044] The bacterial agent is prepared by using the strain Alteromonas macleodii sp. GCW (the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the strain has been logged into the GenBank database, with accession number: KY583738). The strain Alteromonas macleodii sp. GCW is inoculated into a 0.50% beef extract and 1.00% peptone composite seawater culture medium, and cultured in a 20°C constant temperature shaker (150 rpm). The strain is collected and then released after being cultured for 36 hours. This stage is when the strain grows from a logarithmic phase to a stationary phase, and active species are secreted in its extracellular medium. The extracellular active species mainly include extracellular biogenic Fe(III) / Fe(II)-siderophores, superoxide anion free radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl free radicals.

[0045] The inoculum is delivered to the plant growth area via a delivery device, enhancing its adhesion to the plant root zone and the soil surface. Alternatively, the inoculum can be regularly delivered to the plant growth area via a drip irrigation system during plant growth. During plant growth, the siderophores in the inoculum combine with iron ions in the soil to form soluble iron complexes, significantly improving the plant's iron absorption efficiency, which is crucial for plant growth.

[0046] The formation mechanism of extracellular reactive oxygen species is as follows: the extracellular superoxide anion free radical of the strain uses quinone oxidoreductase to form O2 ·- The extracellular H2O2 of the strain is produced by amino acid oxidase. The sources of extracellular active species hydroxyl radicals are two types of reactions: (1) Fenton-like reaction, i.e. Fe(II)-siderophore + H2O2 → Fe(III)-siderophore + OH - +·OH; (2) Hubble-West reaction, i.e. O2 ·- +Fe(III)→O2+Fe(II) and H2O2+Fe(II)→Fe(III)+OH - +·OH.

[0047] The extracellular reactive oxygen species of the strain play an important role in the decomposition of organic matter. Taking persistent organic pollutants as an example, such as the typical brominated flame retardant tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) as a nearshore water pollutant, when the strain grows to the stable phase, the extracellular L-lysine-ε oxidase uses L-amino acids to produce H2O2 and the complexed iron carrier to produce a Fenton-like reaction. · OH degrades TBBPA; at the same time, when the strain is in the stable period, the extracellular O2 ·- The Haber-Weiss reaction between H2O2 and the trace amount of Fe(III) in the culture system that is not chelated by the iron carrier produces · OH leads to the degradation of TBBPA.

[0048] At low tide, the wave-breaking columns emerge from the sea, allowing the soil in the plant growth area to come into contact with oxygen, creating an aerobic environment. At high tide, seawater floods the plant growth area, and the plant roots provide a microbial environment, promoting their growth. Alteromonas macleodii is a bacterium widely found in the ocean, capable of rapid growth and adaptability to diverse environments. The strains enriched in the soil can sustainably produce extracellular reactive oxygen species under the influence of tides, demonstrating universality.

[0049] After the seedlings are planted in the plant growth area, protective measures should be implemented to ensure their survival and healthy growth, minimizing the impact of the external environment on them. Once the seedlings have established themselves, the supporting growth facilities can be flexibly removed to enhance the landscape and further growth and development of the plants.

[0050] Of course, in other embodiments, a plant growth net bag can be constructed for filling, planting plants, and pre-cultivation. After the plant growth system is stable, the plant growth system can be transported by a crane and installed in the plant growth area, making subsequent maintenance and updates more convenient and efficient, thereby reducing maintenance costs and improving the sustainability of the plant growth area.

[0051] Alternatively, the entire plant growth system can be cultivated offshore or on the nearshore mudflats of salt marshes. Once the system is stable, it can be transported by crane to a designated ecological restoration area. During transportation, care must be taken to protect the integrity of the system and avoid damage to the plant and microbial communities.

[0052] Of course, in other embodiments, the arrangement, spacing, angles and other parameters of the ecological wave-breaking units can be adjusted. If necessary, pine piles can be added around them to reinforce the overall wave-resistance to achieve the best wave-breaking effect.

[0053] The ecological wave-breaking block unit is composed of a multi-stage series-connected ecological wave-breaking dam, which is arranged parallel to the sea side of the seawall. It achieves the effective reduction of wave energy, the diversification of biological habitats and the coordination of water purification, fully exerts its ecological function, and provides strong support for marine ecological protection and seawall protection.

[0054] The accompanying drawings show preferred embodiments of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described in this specification. On the contrary, the purpose of providing these embodiments is to make the understanding of the disclosure of the present invention more thorough and comprehensive.

Claims

1. An ecological wave-breaking dike, characterized by: It comprises a plurality of ecological wave-breaking units (7) arranged on the seaward side of a vertical seawall and arranged in sequence along the extension direction of the vertical seawall; the ecological wave-breaking units comprise wave-breaking blocks with raised tops and multi-level wave-breaking areas arranged on the wave-breaking blocks.

2. The ecological wave-breaking dike according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wave-breaking block comprises an arc-shaped wave-breaking surface (7.1) and a bracket (7.2) for supporting the wave-breaking surface.

3. The ecological wave-breaking dike according to claim 2, characterized in that: The multi-stage wave-breaking area comprises a first wave-breaking area (1), a second wave-breaking area (2), a third wave-breaking area (3), a fourth wave-breaking area (4), a fifth wave-breaking area (5), and a plant growth area (6) which are arranged on the sea side of the wave-breaking area and arranged in sequence along the advancing direction of the waves.

4. The ecological wave-breaking dike according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first wave-breaking area is a plurality of vertically arranged wave-breaking columns (1.1).

5. The ecological wave-breaking dike according to claim 4, characterized in that: The second wave-breaking grid area and the fourth wave-breaking grid area are both wave-breaking grids (2.1).

6. The ecological wave-breaking dike according to claim 5, characterized in that: The third wave-breaking area is gravel, or the third wave-breaking area is gravel and shells.

7. The ecological wave-breaking dike according to claim 6, characterized in that: The fifth wave-breaking zone is composed of a plurality of wave-breaking plates (5.1) arranged in parallel.

8. The ecological wave-breaking dike according to claim 7, characterized in that: The plant growth area comprises a growth box (6.1) and a gravel layer (6.2), an intertidal zone soil layer (6.3), a plant growth matrix layer (6.4) and a plant layer stacked in sequence from bottom to top inside the growth box.

9. The ecological wave-breaking dike according to claim 8, characterized in that: The growth box is arranged below the wave-breaking surface, the top surface of the growth box is open and the box wall of the growth box is provided with drainage holes (6.5).

10. The ecological wave-breaking dike according to claim 9, characterized in that: The wave-breaking column is a hollow cement column filled with crushed stones; the wave-breaking grid is a cement grid; the wave-breaking board is a cement flat board; and the plant layer is herbaceous plants or tree plants.

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