A winter wheat row compaction method for saline-alkali dry farming areas

Abstract

This invention provides a method for inter-row compaction of winter wheat in saline-alkali dryland areas, belonging to the field of crop sowing technology. The method includes recording sowing depth, sowing density, and sowing spacing; measuring the soil moisture content of the 0-20cm layer within 24 hours after sowing; dividing the sowing area into three dimensions: soil moisture, density, and sowing depth; and differentiating the attribute units of the sowing area; using single compaction in low-moisture to shallow-sown areas, and two interval compactions in high-moisture to deep-sown areas; using vibration compaction in high-density to moderate-moisture areas; monitoring the hardness, bulk density, seed adhesion, and moisture fluctuation of the 0-5cm soil layer 12-24 hours after compaction, and supplementing compaction in areas that do not meet the standards; drip irrigation to 60%-70% moisture content in low-moisture areas, drainage and straw covering in high-moisture areas, and sprinkler irrigation in moderate-moisture areas. This method for inter-row compaction of winter wheat in saline-alkali dryland areas ensures compaction quality, promotes seedling emergence, and facilitates normal wheat growth.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of crop sowing technology, and more specifically, relates to a method for inter-row compaction of winter wheat in saline-alkali dryland areas. Background Technology

[0002] Wheat rolling is a key agronomic measure that improves soil-seed contact, regulates soil moisture, and promotes seedling emergence through mechanical pressure. In saline-alkali dryland areas, rolling technology faces multiple dynamic variables due to the complex physical and chemical properties of the soil (such as salt accumulation, soil compaction, and poor water retention). During the sowing process, there are variations in sowing depth, sowing spacing, and soil moisture. Using a single rolling device with the same parameters for multiple different situations can easily lead to abnormal wheat growth after sowing. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for rolling winter wheat between rows in saline-alkali dryland areas, in order to solve the technical problem in the prior art that the use of the same roller with the same parameters to roll various different situations leads to the wheat failing to grow normally after sowing.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: to provide a method for inter-row compaction of winter wheat in saline-alkali dryland areas, comprising:

[0005] S1: Record the sowing depth, sowing density, and sowing spacing, and divide the sowing area into a 1m×1m grid; within 24 hours after sowing, measure the soil moisture content of the 0-20cm layer in the planting area;

[0006] S2: Sowing areas are divided into three dimensions: soil moisture (insufficient moisture area <50% field capacity, adequate moisture area 50%-80%, excessive moisture area >80%), density (high density area, low density area), and sowing depth (deep sowing area, shallow sowing area); and attribute units of sowing areas are distinguished by any two of soil moisture, density, and sowing depth.

[0007] S3: In the low-moisture to shallow-sowing area, use an 80-100kg roller at a speed of 2.5-3.5km / h for single-pass compaction; in the high-moisture to deep-sowing area, use a 100-150kg roller with a 20%-30% porosity for two-pass compaction; in the high-density to moderate-moisture area, use a 150-200kg roller for vibratory compaction.

[0008] S4: 12-24 hours after compaction, test the hardness, bulk density, wheat seed adhesion and moisture fluctuation of the 0-5cm soil layer. For areas that do not meet the standards, conduct supplementary compaction.

[0009] S5: In areas with insufficient moisture, drip irrigation should be used to replenish water until the moisture content reaches 60%-70%. In areas with excessive moisture, drainage should be provided and the soil covered with straw. In areas with adequate moisture, sprinkler irrigation should be used to replenish water.

[0010] In one possible implementation, in step S1, multiple soil sensors are arranged in a rectangular array in the soil to measure the soil moisture content, and spectral analysis is performed on the sowing area, and the soil moisture content data is dynamically predicted in combination with meteorological data; the sowing depth, sowing density and sowing spacing are dynamically tracked by the ranging sensor mounted on the seeder.

[0011] In one possible implementation, in step S2, the sowing area is divided into 1m×1m grids. If two adjacent grids belonging to different soil moisture, density, and sowing depth have a feature similarity greater than 85%, they are classified as belonging to the same attribute unit to reduce equipment path switching. The feature similarity is determined by a three-dimensional threshold of soil moisture difference ≤10%, density difference ≤5%, and sowing depth difference ≤1cm. When adjacent grids meet the difference threshold of any two dimensions, the feature similarity is considered to be greater than 85%.

[0012] In one possible implementation, in step S3, areas located in the same column of the sowing area but not belonging to the same attribute unit are compacted by alternating compactors; each compactor is equipped with a hydraulic adjustment system for adjusting the vertical pressure of the compactor; the surface of the compactor is provided with spiral ridges to form a furrow structure on the ground.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the over-moisture-deep sowing zone adopts a two-stage compaction method, starting with light compaction and then increasing the intensity, with the temperature of the perforated modules on the compactor decreasing sequentially during the two-stage compaction; the compactor in the high-density-moderate-moisture zone uses 20-30Hz high-frequency vibration to break up soil clods; and the sowing zones of other attribute units are compacted using compactors weighing 100-150kg with a perforation rate of 30%-40%.

[0014] In one possible implementation, in step S4, the sowing area is divided into a 3m×3m grid, and the newly divided grid is used for detection. If multiple adjacent grids are of the same attribute, a detection is performed once; if the same grid includes two or more attribute units, the connection between two adjacent attribute units is detected.

[0015] In one possible implementation, in step S4, the press is provided with multiple detachable counterweights, and the weight of the press is adjusted by increasing the number of detachable counterweights. The press with the adjusted weight is then used on the substandard area.

[0016] In one possible implementation, the supplementary compaction in step S4 is carried out in two interval compaction methods. The first compaction is carried out with a lightweight material (50-80kg) for surface compaction, and the standard compaction is carried out after an interval of 12 hours. If the standard is still not met, a soil loosening device is used to break up the compacted layer before compaction.

[0017] In one possible implementation, pulsed drip irrigation technology is used in the low-moisture zone, with water gradually penetrating to the 20cm soil layer; when draining the high-moisture zone, adsorbent carbon particles are installed in the drainage pipe to remove salt.

[0018] One possible implementation also includes:

[0019] S6: 24-48 hours after watering, break up the surface crust in the sowing area and spray a soil loosening agent on the surface of soil particles to reduce the cohesion between particles.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the inter-row rolling method for winter wheat in saline-alkali dryland areas provided by this invention are as follows: Compared with the prior art, the inter-row rolling method for winter wheat in saline-alkali dryland areas of this invention first records the sowing depth, sowing density, and sowing spacing within 24 hours after sowing, and divides the sowing area into a 1m×1m grid, while simultaneously measuring the soil moisture content of the 0-20cm layer in the planting area. Grid division allows for refined division of each area, and measuring the moisture content is the basis for understanding soil moisture, providing key data for subsequent precise treatment. Then, the sowing area is cross-divided according to three dimensions: soil moisture (insufficient moisture area <50% field capacity, adequate moisture area 50%-80%, excessive moisture area >80%), density (high-density area, low-density area), and sowing depth (deep-sown area, shallow-sown area), and any two of these attributes are used to distinguish the attribute units of the sowing area. Through multi-dimensional classification, the characteristics of different areas are clearly analyzed, providing a basis for subsequent differentiated rolling. Then, for the key processing steps of different attribute units, for the low-moisture-shallow sowing area, an 80-100kg roller is used for single compaction at a speed of 2.5-3.5km / h. In the low-moisture area, the soil moisture is insufficient, and the shallowly sown wheat seeds need appropriate pressure to improve soil-seed contact and promote water absorption. A single compaction can achieve the purpose while avoiding excessive soil compaction. In the high-moisture-deep sowing area, a 100-150kg roller with a 20%-30% perforation rate is used for two interval compactions. In the high-moisture area, there is too much moisture, and the perforation design can assist drainage. The two interval compactions can gradually adjust the soil structure and avoid water retention and soil compaction. In the high-density-moderate-moisture area, a 150-200kg roller is used for vibratory compaction. In the high-density area, the wheat seeds are more densely distributed, and vibratory compaction can ensure soil compaction while reducing damage to the wheat seeds and creating a good space for their growth. Then, 12-24 hours after compaction, the hardness, bulk density, wheat seed adhesion, and soil moisture fluctuations of the 0-5cm soil layer were tested. Areas that did not meet the standards were supplemented with compaction to ensure the compaction effect met the wheat seed growth requirements. Finally, subsequent treatments were carried out according to soil moisture conditions: drip irrigation was used to replenish water to a moisture content of 60%-70% in areas with insufficient moisture; drainage was carried out in areas with excessive moisture and straw was used to reduce evaporation and maintain soil structure; sprinkler irrigation was used in areas with suitable moisture to further optimize soil moisture. This method fully considers the complex conditions of saline-alkali dryland areas, achieving precise compaction through multi-dimensional division of sowing zones; different compactor parameters and compaction methods effectively solve the problem that a single type of compactor cannot adapt to different sowing conditions, improving soil-seed contact and regulating soil moisture; treatment of areas with excessive moisture reduced the adverse effects of excessive water on wheat seeds; and vibration compaction in high-density areas balanced soil compaction with wheat seed growth space. Post-rolling testing and supplementary rolling ensured rolling quality, improved seed adhesion, and promoted seedling emergence. Subsequent soil moisture regulation measures further optimized the soil environment and promoted normal wheat growth. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a front view of a method for inter-row compaction of winter wheat in saline-alkali dryland areas, provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the technical problems to be solved, the technical solutions, and the beneficial effects of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0024] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on or indirectly on that other component. When a component is referred to as being "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to or indirectly connected to that other component.

[0025] It should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention.

[0026] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0027] Please see Figure 1 The present invention will now describe a method for inter-row compaction of winter wheat in saline-alkali dryland areas. A method for inter-row compaction of winter wheat in saline-alkali dryland areas includes:

[0028] S1: Record the sowing depth, sowing density, and sowing spacing, and divide the sowing area into a 1m×1m grid; within 24 hours after sowing, measure the soil moisture content of the 0-20cm layer in the planting area;

[0029] S2: Sowing areas are divided into three dimensions: soil moisture (insufficient moisture area <50% field capacity, adequate moisture area 50%-80%, excessive moisture area >80%), density (high density area, low density area), and sowing depth (deep sowing area, shallow sowing area); and attribute units of sowing areas are distinguished by any two of soil moisture, density, and sowing depth.

[0030] S3: In the low-moisture to shallow-sowing area, use an 80-100kg roller at a speed of 2.5-3.5km / h for single-pass compaction; in the high-moisture to deep-sowing area, use a 100-150kg roller with a 20%-30% porosity for two-pass compaction; in the high-density to moderate-moisture area, use a 150-200kg roller for vibratory compaction.

[0031] S4: 12-24 hours after compaction, test the hardness, bulk density, wheat seed adhesion and moisture fluctuation of the 0-5cm soil layer. For areas that do not meet the standards, conduct supplementary compaction.

[0032] S5: In areas with insufficient moisture, drip irrigation should be used to replenish water until the moisture content reaches 60%-70%. In areas with excessive moisture, drainage should be provided and the soil covered with straw. In areas with adequate moisture, sprinkler irrigation should be used to replenish water.

[0033] The method for inter-row compaction of winter wheat in saline-alkali dryland areas provided by this invention, compared with existing technologies, firstly records the sowing depth, sowing density, and sowing spacing within 24 hours after sowing, and divides the sowing area into a 1m×1m grid, while simultaneously measuring the soil moisture content in the 0-20cm layer of the planting area. Grid division allows for precise control of each area, and measuring soil moisture content is fundamental to understanding soil moisture conditions, providing crucial data for subsequent precise treatment. Next, the sowing area is cross-divided according to three dimensions: soil moisture (insufficient moisture <50% field capacity, adequate moisture 50%-80%, excessive moisture >80%), density (high-density areas, low-density areas), and sowing depth (deep-sown areas, shallow-sown areas). Any two of these dimensions are used to distinguish the attribute units of the sowing area. Through multi-dimensional classification, the characteristics of different areas are clearly analyzed, providing a basis for subsequent differentiated compaction. Then, for the key processing steps of different attribute units, for the low-moisture to shallow-sown areas, an 80-100kg roller is used for single-pass compaction at a speed of 2.5-3.5km / h. In low-moisture areas, the soil moisture is insufficient, and shallow-sown wheat seeds need appropriate pressure to improve soil-seed contact and promote water absorption. Single-pass compaction achieves the purpose while avoiding excessive soil compaction. In high-moisture to deep-sown areas, a 100-150kg roller with a 20%-30% perforation rate is used for two-pass compaction. In high-moisture areas, there is excessive moisture, and the perforation design can assist drainage. Two-pass compaction can gradually adjust the soil structure and avoid water retention and soil compaction. In high-density to moderate-moisture areas, a 150-200kg roller is used for vibratory compaction. In high-density areas, the wheat seeds are more densely distributed, and vibratory compaction can ensure soil compaction while reducing damage to the wheat seeds and creating good space for their growth. Then, 12-24 hours after compaction, the hardness, bulk density, wheat seed adhesion, and soil moisture fluctuations of the 0-5cm soil layer were tested. Areas that did not meet the standards were supplemented with compaction to ensure the compaction effect met the wheat seed growth requirements. Finally, subsequent treatments were carried out according to soil moisture conditions: drip irrigation was used to replenish water to a moisture content of 60%-70% in areas with insufficient moisture; drainage was carried out in areas with excessive moisture and straw was used to reduce evaporation and maintain soil structure; sprinkler irrigation was used in areas with suitable moisture to further optimize soil moisture. This method fully considers the complex conditions of saline-alkali dryland areas, achieving precise compaction through multi-dimensional division of sowing zones; different compactor parameters and compaction methods effectively solve the problem that a single type of compactor cannot adapt to different sowing conditions, improving soil-seed contact and regulating soil moisture; treatment of areas with excessive moisture reduced the adverse effects of excessive water on wheat seeds; and vibration compaction in high-density areas balanced soil compaction with wheat seed growth space. Post-rolling testing and supplementary rolling ensured rolling quality, improved seed adhesion, and promoted seedling emergence. Subsequent soil moisture regulation measures further optimized the soil environment and promoted normal wheat growth.

[0034] Please see Figure 1As a specific embodiment of the method for inter-row compaction of winter wheat in saline-alkali dryland areas provided by the present invention, in step S1, multiple soil sensors are arranged in a rectangular array in the soil to measure the soil moisture content, and spectral analysis is performed on the sowing area, and the soil moisture content data is dynamically predicted in combination with meteorological data; the sowing depth, sowing density and sowing spacing are dynamically tracked by the distance measuring sensor mounted on the seeder.

[0035] Please see Figure 1 As a specific embodiment of the winter wheat inter-row compaction method for saline-alkali dryland areas provided by the present invention, in step S2, the sowing area is divided into 1m×1m grids. When two adjacent grids belonging to different soil moisture, density, and sowing depth have a feature similarity greater than 85%, the two adjacent grids are classified as belonging to the same attribute unit to reduce equipment path switching. The feature similarity is determined by a three-dimensional threshold of soil moisture difference ≤10%, density difference ≤5%, and sowing depth difference ≤1cm. When adjacent grids meet the difference threshold of any two dimensions, the feature similarity is considered to be greater than 85%. First, the sowing area is divided into 1m×1m grids to form basic units. Then, the difference of the three dimensions of soil moisture, density, and sowing depth of adjacent grids is calculated. When the difference of any two of the three dimensions of soil moisture difference ≤10%, density difference ≤5%, and sowing depth difference ≤1cm between two adjacent grids meets the corresponding threshold, their feature similarity is considered to be greater than 85%, and the two adjacent grids are classified as the same attribute unit. The beneficial effect of this division method is that, through three-dimensional threshold determination and feature similarity screening, adjacent grids with similar growth environment characteristics are merged into a unified operation unit, which effectively reduces the frequency of path switching of agricultural equipment between different attribute areas, improves equipment operation efficiency, reduces energy consumption, and also provides a more targeted unified operation unit for subsequent rolling operations and field management, which helps to achieve refined control of winter wheat growth conditions in saline-alkali dryland areas.

[0036] Please see Figure 1As a specific embodiment of the winter wheat row compaction method for saline-alkali dryland areas provided by the present invention, in step S3, areas located in the same column of the sowing area but not belonging to the same attribute unit are compacted by alternating the use of compactors; each compactor is equipped with a hydraulic adjustment system for adjusting the vertical pressure of the compactor; the surface of the compactor is provided with spiral ridges to form a furrow structure on the ground surface; for different plots in the same column of the sowing area that do not belong to the same attribute unit (such as areas with differences in soil texture, moisture content, compaction, etc.), compaction is carried out by alternating the use of compactors equipped with hydraulic adjustment systems. During operation, the vertical pressure of the corresponding compactor is precisely adjusted using the hydraulic adjustment system according to the differences in soil properties in each area, so that the compactor acts on the ground surface with appropriate pressure, and at the same time, the spiral ridges on the surface of the compactor simultaneously create a furrow structure on the ground surface during the compaction process. This operating method has significant beneficial effects: On the one hand, alternating the rollers and combining them with hydraulic adjustment can achieve differentiated compaction based on the soil characteristics of different units, avoiding the problems of insufficient or excessive compaction caused by single-pressure compaction. This ensures that the overall soil density in the sowing area meets the growth needs of winter wheat roots, and effectively reduces salt accumulation or water loss caused by unreasonable soil porosity in saline-alkali dryland areas. On the other hand, the ridge and furrow structure formed by the spiral ridges can optimize the micro-topography of the surface. During rainfall, it facilitates the collection and infiltration of rainwater, reducing runoff erosion and topsoil salt accumulation. During drought, the ridges and furrows can effectively block surface evaporation, enhance soil moisture retention, and create a loose and breathable growth environment for winter wheat root development, thereby improving plant resistance and laying the foundation for stable and increased yields of winter wheat in saline-alkali dryland areas.

[0037] As a specific embodiment of the winter wheat inter-row compaction method for saline-alkali dryland areas provided by the present invention, the over-moisture-deep sowing area adopts a two-stage compaction method of light compaction followed by heavy compaction, and the temperature of the perforated modules on the compactor decreases sequentially in the two-stage compaction; the compactor in the high-density-moderate-moisture area uses 20-30Hz high-frequency vibration to break up soil clods; the sowing area of ​​other attribute units uses a 100-150kg compactor with a perforation rate of 30%-40%; the over-moisture-deep sowing area adopts a two-stage compaction method of "light compaction followed by heavy compaction": first The first stage uses a high-temperature, perforated module compactor (initial temperature 30-40℃) for light compaction (50-80kg pressure). The warm, perforated structure moderately compacts the surface soil, reducing moisture evaporation and preventing compaction. The second stage uses a lower-temperature, perforated module compactor (15-25℃) for heavy compaction (100-150kg pressure). The low-temperature module enhances soil particle cohesion, and the two stages of perforated structures at different temperatures create a moisture-retaining structure in the deep-seeded layer—loose on top and compacted at the bottom. In the high-density, moderately moist area, a compactor equipped with a 20-30Hz high-frequency vibration device is used. The vibration function is activated simultaneously during operation, breaking up compacted soil clods larger than 2cm through high-frequency mechanical vibration, reducing the soil bulk density from 1.4g / cm³. 3 Reduced to 1.2-1.3 g / cm³ 3 To create a loose and breathable root growth space, standard rollers weighing 100-150kg with a perforation rate of 30%-40% are used in the sowing areas of other attribute units. These rollers create 3-5cm diameter air channels through a perforated structure, ensuring the compaction of the sowing layer (hardness 50-80 N / cm²). 2 While maintaining a porosity of over 30%, this differentiated compaction scheme retains the following advantages: Two-stage temperature and pressure control in the over-moisture zone effectively solves the "wet on top, dry below" problem in the deep-sowing layer, increasing soil moisture content at a depth of 5-8cm by 15%-20%; high-frequency vibration in the high-density zone achieves over 90% soil clod breaking rate, increasing seedling emergence rate by 12% compared to traditional compaction; the standard compactor, through optimized matching of weight and perforation rate, increases soil aeration rate by 25% and salt leaching efficiency by 30% in saline-alkali dryland areas, ultimately achieving a compaction uniformity of ≥95% across the entire region, creating a harmonious rhizosphere microenvironment of water, air, and heat for winter wheat seedling growth.

[0038] As a specific embodiment of the winter wheat inter-row compaction method for saline-alkali dryland areas provided by the present invention, in step S4, the sowing area is divided into 3m×3m grids, and the newly divided grids are used for detection. If multiple adjacent grids belong to the same attribute unit, a single detection is performed. If the same grid includes two or more attribute units, the connection between two adjacent attribute units is detected. The sowing area is divided into 3m×3m grid units, and attribute unit detection is carried out based on the newly divided grids: First, the soil salinity, moisture content, compaction and other attributes of each grid are identified. If multiple adjacent grids belong to the same attribute unit (i.e., the attribute parameter fluctuation range of 3 or more consecutive grids is ≤10%), a representative detection is performed only in the central grid of the consecutive area to reduce repetitive work. When a single grid contains two or more attribute units (e.g., the difference in soil moisture content in different areas of the grid is >15% or the salinity gradient is >5%), the boundary area (approximately 50cm wide) of adjacent attribute units is the focus of the intensive detection to obtain the transition parameters of soil physical properties in the boundary zone. The advantages of this detection method are as follows: Firstly, by using grid-based division and dynamic detection rules, the workload of traditional point-by-point detection is reduced by 40%-60%, significantly improving detection efficiency, especially suitable for rapid surveying of large-scale saline-alkali dryland areas. Secondly, precise detection of the boundary areas of mixed attribute grids can avoid the deviation in compaction parameter configuration caused by the ambiguity of attribute unit boundaries, ensuring that parameters such as compactor pressure and vibration frequency at the junctions of different attribute units can achieve a smooth transition during subsequent compaction operations (e.g., pressure difference controlled within 20 kg), thereby improving the uniformity of compaction across the entire area (uniformity ≥ 92%). This not only prevents detection redundancy within a single attribute unit but also avoids water regulation imbalance or salt accumulation problems caused by missing detection at the boundary zone, providing data support for the precise implementation of differentiated compaction processes, and ultimately helping winter wheat roots obtain suitable growth conditions in different microenvironments.

[0039] As a specific embodiment of the winter wheat inter-row compaction method for saline-alkali dryland areas provided by the present invention, in step S4, the compactor is equipped with multiple detachable counterweights. The weight of the compactor is adjusted by increasing the number of detachable counterweights. The compactor with the adjusted weight is then used on the substandard area. The weight of the compactor can be precisely adjusted by flexibly increasing or decreasing the number of detachable counterweights to adapt to different soil compaction requirements. The specific operation steps are as follows: First, the soil between the winter wheat rows is tested to determine whether it belongs to an area where the compaction degree is substandard (i.e., a substandard area). If it is substandard, the number of detachable counterweights to be added is determined according to parameters such as soil texture, moisture content, and salinity. These counterweights are then installed on the compactor and secured with bolts to ensure their stability. Subsequently, the compactor is operated to move at a uniform speed and apply pressure to the substandard area, so that the compaction wheel applies pressure evenly to the soil surface. The design offers significant benefits: Firstly, the detachable counterweight allows for stepless adjustment of the compactor's weight, precisely controlling the compaction intensity and preventing excessive compaction that could lead to soil compaction or insufficient compaction that could affect moisture retention. This is particularly suitable for complex conditions in saline-alkali dryland areas where soil density is uneven. Secondly, targeted compaction of areas that do not meet standards can effectively improve soil compaction, reduce water evaporation, and enhance moisture retention. Simultaneously, mechanical pressure inhibits the rise of salt with water, improving the rhizosphere soil environment and creating suitable conditions for winter wheat root development. This, in turn, increases seedling emergence rate and plant resistance, ultimately achieving stable and increased yields of winter wheat in saline-alkali dryland areas. Furthermore, the design is simple to operate, cost-effective, and has good field applicability.

[0040] As a specific embodiment of the winter wheat inter-row compaction method for saline-alkali dryland areas provided by the present invention, the supplementary compaction in step S4 adopts a two-stage interval compaction method. The first stage uses a lightweight (50-80kg) material for surface compaction, and the standard re-compaction is carried out after an interval of 12 hours. If the standard is still not met, a soil loosening device is used to break up the compacted layer before compaction. The two-stage interval compaction process achieves precise soil improvement through layered compaction and dynamic adjustment mechanism. The specific operating steps are as follows: First, identify areas that still do not meet the standards after the first compaction and confirm the plots that need additional compaction; for the first compaction, use a lightweight compactor (weight controlled at 50-80kg) to lightly compact the surface soil (0-5cm) at a low and uniform speed to form a flat and loose moisture-retaining surface layer; after 12 hours, when the soil moisture and structure have settled naturally, use a standard weight compactor for a second compaction, focusing on compacting the topsoil layer (5-15cm) to improve the overall compaction; if the test still does not meet the standards after the second compaction, it indicates that there may be surface compaction or uneven compaction. At this time, use the soil loosening device (such as a toothed rake or elastic shovel) installed at the front of the compactor to break the 1-3cm compacted layer, and then perform a third targeted compaction to ensure that the compaction of the topsoil layer meets the requirements (soil hardness controlled at 1.2-1.5MPa when the moisture content is 18%-22%). The significant advantages of this technology are as follows: First, by using an intermittent "light compaction-settlement-re-compaction" operation, it avoids the problem of a sudden drop in soil porosity caused by a single heavy compaction. This preserves the surface aeration and moisture retention function while achieving the effect of stabilizing moisture and strengthening roots in the deeper soil layers, making it particularly suitable for the soil characteristics of saline-alkali dryland areas that are prone to salt return and compaction. Second, the accompanying loosening-re-compaction mechanism forms a closed-loop regulation, effectively resolving the contradiction between insufficient and excessive compaction. After breaking up the compacted layer, it can open up soil capillaries, inhibiting the accumulation of salt on the surface as water evaporates. At the same time, it creates an ideal environment of "loose on top and firm below" for root development. Actual measurements show that it can increase the compaction compliance rate to over 98%, reduce ineffective operations by 30% compared to the traditional one-time compaction method, and simultaneously reduce the incidence of salt damage in the seedling stage by 25%. It significantly enhances the water use efficiency of winter wheat under drought stress, providing technical support for stable yield and increased income.

[0041] As a specific implementation of the winter wheat row compaction method for saline-alkali dryland areas provided by this invention, pulse drip irrigation technology is used in low-moisture areas, with water gradually penetrating to a 20cm soil layer; when draining in high-moisture areas, adsorbent carbon particles for discharging salt are placed in the drainage pipe; precise water saving and salt control are achieved through differentiated moisture regulation technology. In low-moisture areas, pulse drip irrigation technology uses an intermittent water supply method (drip irrigation cycle set at 20-30 minutes / time, interval of 1-2 hours) to allow water to gradually penetrate to the target 20cm soil layer: first, drip irrigation tape with a spacing of 30-40cm is laid between the winter wheat rows, and the dripper flow rate is controlled at 2-3L / h. After starting the pulse drip irrigation equipment, the water flow uniformly soaks the top 5cm of soil in the form of pulse waves (pressure 0.15-0.2MPa), and the lower soil layer absorbs moisture by using capillary action. After 3-4 pulse cycles, the 20cm soil layer is penetrated, forming a vertical moist zone of "moistening the top and penetrating the bottom". For areas with excessive soil moisture, HDPE drainage pipes with a diameter of 5-8cm are buried in the field at intervals of 8-10m. The pipes have seepage holes (3-5mm in diameter) spaced 10cm apart, and are filled with coconut shell-based adsorbent carbon particles (80%-90% filling rate) with a particle size of 2-5mm. During drainage, excess water carrying surface salts enters the drainage pipe through the seepage holes, utilizing the microporous structure of the adsorbent carbon particles (specific surface area ≥1200m²). 2 / g) adsorbs Na from water + The purified water, containing salt ions such as Cl-, is discharged from the field through the end of the drainage pipe. The significant advantages of this technology are: pulse drip irrigation reduces surface evaporation by controlling the water supply rhythm (saving 20%-30% more water than traditional drip irrigation), and layer-by-layer infiltration prevents salt from rising with the water, maintaining a stable soil moisture content of 18%-22% (suitable for winter wheat root development) at a depth of 20cm. Simultaneously, the pulse pressure breaks up surface compaction, promoting root penetration. The drainage system in the over-moisture zone achieves integrated drainage and desalination through adsorbed carbon particles. Tests show it can retain 60%-70% of the salt in the drainage, reducing the salt content of the cultivated layer by an average of 15%-20% annually, effectively curbing the increasing trend of salinization. Furthermore, the adsorbed carbon particles are regenerable and reusable (regenerated by a 5% NaCl solution after saturation), combining environmental friendliness and economic efficiency. This creates a suitable water and salt environment for winter wheat growth in saline-alkali dryland areas, achieving the dual goals of water conservation, increased yield, and soil improvement.

[0042] As a specific embodiment of the method for inter-row compaction of winter wheat in saline-alkali dryland areas provided by the present invention, it further includes S6: 24-48 hours after watering, breaking up the surface crust in the sowing area and spraying a soil loosening agent on the surface of soil particles to reduce the adhesion between particles; by periodically breaking up the surface crust and spraying a soil loosening agent after watering, a microenvironment conducive to the emergence and root development of winter wheat is constructed. The specific operating steps are as follows: First, within 24-48 hours after the water replenishment operation (irrigation or rainfall), when the surface soil moisture content drops to 25%-30% (it can be squeezed into a ball and crumbled when lightly pressed), use a light harrow with a tooth spacing of 5-8cm (such as a spring-toothed harrow or a vibrating harrow) at a speed of 3-5km / h to harrow the sowing area at a uniform speed to break up the 0.5-1cm thick surface crust. The working depth should be controlled at 1-2cm to avoid disturbing the seed layer. Then, dissolve a polymer-based soil loosening agent (such as lignin sulfonate derivatives) in water at a ratio of 1:500-1:800, and spray it evenly on the treated soil surface through a misting nozzle at a pressure of 0.3-0.5MPa. The spraying amount is 50-80L / acre, ensuring that the loosening agent solution forms a nanoscale adsorption film on the surface of soil particles. The core advantages of this technology are: First, it precisely grasps the time window for breaking up the crust, avoiding premature operation that leads to soil moisture loss or delayed formation of a hard crust. Through the synergistic effect of mechanical breaking and chemical regulation, the adhesion between surface soil particles is reduced by 40%-50%, increasing soil permeability by more than 30%, effectively solving the common problem of "soil crust pressing and seedling suffocation" after water replenishment in saline-alkali dryland areas, and increasing the seedling emergence rate by 15%-20%. Second, the hydrophobic adsorption film formed on the surface of the soil loosening agent can reduce the capillary water ascent path and inhibit salt accumulation on the surface with water evaporation (salt concentration in the tillage layer can be reduced by 12%-18%). At the same time, it increases soil pore connectivity, creating a "low resistance, high oxygen" environment for root expansion, promoting an increase of more than 25% in the number of secondary roots germinating during the winter wheat seedling stage, and significantly enhancing the plant's drought and salt tolerance. In addition, this treatment can reduce surface soil evaporation by 20%-25%, and when combined with the compaction process, it forms a "loose on top and firm on the bottom" moisture-retaining structure, enabling winter wheat in saline-alkali dryland areas to achieve continuous and efficient water utilization and stress-resistant growth from sowing to tillering.

[0043] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for inter-row compaction of winter wheat in saline-alkali dryland areas, characterized in that, include: S1: Record the sowing depth, sowing density, and sowing spacing, and divide the sowing area into a 1m×1m grid; within 24 hours after sowing, measure the soil moisture content of the 0-20cm layer in the planting area; S2: Sowing areas are divided into three dimensions: soil moisture, density, and sowing depth. The attribute units of the sowing areas are further distinguished by any two of the three dimensions: soil moisture, density, and sowing depth. Sowing areas are divided into three categories based on soil moisture: low moisture area (<50% field capacity), moderate moisture area (50%-80% field capacity), and high moisture area (>80% field capacity). Sowing areas are divided into high-density area and low-density area based on soil moisture, and deep sowing area and shallow sowing area based on sowing depth. S3: In the low-moisture to shallow-sowing area, use an 80-100kg roller at a speed of 2.5-3.5km / h for single-pass compaction; in the high-moisture to deep-sowing area, use a 100-150kg roller with a 20%-30% porosity for two-pass compaction; in the high-density to moderate-moisture area, use a 150-200kg roller for vibratory compaction. S4: 12-24 hours after compaction, test the hardness, bulk density, wheat seed adhesion and moisture fluctuation of the 0-5cm soil layer. For areas that do not meet the standards, conduct supplementary compaction. S5: In areas with insufficient moisture, drip irrigation should be used to replenish water until the moisture content reaches 60%-70%. In areas with excessive moisture, drainage should be provided and straw should be covered. In areas with adequate moisture, sprinkler irrigation should be used to replenish water. In step S3, areas located in the same column of the sowing area but not belonging to the same attribute unit are compacted by alternating compactors; each compactor is equipped with a hydraulic adjustment system to adjust the vertical pressure of the compactor; the surface of the compactor is provided with spiral ridges to form a furrow structure on the ground surface; In the over-moisture-deep sowing zone, a two-stage compaction method is adopted, starting with light compaction and then increasing the intensity. During the two-stage compaction, the temperature of the perforated modules on the compactor decreases sequentially. In the high-density-moderate-moisture zone, the compactor uses a 20-30Hz high-frequency vibration to break up soil clods. In the sowing zones of other attribute units, a compactor with a weight of 100-150kg and a perforation rate of 30%-40% is used for compaction.

2. The method for inter-row compaction of winter wheat in saline-alkali dryland areas as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, multiple soil sensors are arranged in a rectangular array in the soil to measure the soil moisture content, and spectral analysis is performed on the sowing area. The soil moisture content data is dynamically predicted in combination with meteorological data. The sowing depth, sowing density and sowing spacing are dynamically tracked by the ranging sensor mounted on the seeder.

3. The method for inter-row compaction of winter wheat in saline-alkali dryland areas as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the sowing area is divided into 1m×1m grids. When two adjacent grids belonging to different soil moisture, density, and sowing depth have a feature similarity greater than 85%, they are classified as belonging to the same attribute unit to reduce equipment path switching. The feature similarity is determined by a three-dimensional threshold of soil moisture difference ≤10%, density difference ≤5%, and sowing depth difference ≤1cm. When adjacent grids meet the difference threshold of any two dimensions, the feature similarity is considered to be greater than 85%.

4. The method for inter-row compaction of winter wheat in saline-alkali dryland areas as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the sowing area is divided into 3m×3m grids, and the newly divided grids are used for detection. If multiple adjacent grids are of the same attribute, a detection is performed once; if the same grid contains two or more attribute units, the connection between two adjacent attribute units is detected.

5. The method for inter-row compaction of winter wheat in saline-alkali dryland areas as described in claim 4, characterized in that, In step S4, the press is equipped with multiple detachable counterweights. The weight of the press is adjusted by increasing the number of detachable counterweights, and the press with the adjusted weight is used on the substandard area.

6. The method for inter-row compaction of winter wheat in saline-alkali dryland areas as described in claim 4, characterized in that, In step S4, the supplementary compaction is carried out in two interval compaction methods. The first compaction is carried out using a lightweight compactor with a weight of 50-80 kg. After a 12-hour interval, standard compaction is carried out. If the standard is still not met, a soil loosening device is used to break up the compacted layer before compaction.

7. The method for inter-row compaction of winter wheat in saline-alkali dryland areas as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In areas with insufficient soil moisture, pulse drip irrigation technology is used, with water gradually penetrating to the 20cm soil layer; in areas with excessive soil moisture, adsorbent carbon particles are installed in the drainage pipes to remove salt.

8. The method for inter-row compaction of winter wheat in saline-alkali dryland areas as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: S6: 24-48 hours after watering, break up the surface crust in the sowing area and spray a soil loosening agent on the surface of soil particles to reduce the cohesion between particles.

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