Fuel cell control device and control method

Abstract

The invention discloses a fuel cell control device and method. The control device is characterized in that humidifying inlet pressure sensors are arranged on a humidifier and an intercooler, hydrogen backflow pressure sensors are arranged on an ejector and a water segregator, and a heat dissipation outlet temperature sensor is arranged on a heat dissipation device; the control method comprises the following steps: detecting the current working state of an in-pile sensor, and judging whether to switch a corresponding subsystem sensor for replacement detection or not; and the monitoring value of the fault-tolerant sensor is collected, and the fault-tolerant control quantity of the reactor fluid is calculated and converted to replace closed-loop regulation. When an original in-pile fluid sensor loses efficacy, air in-pile pressure control can be replaced by humidifier inlet pressure, hydrogen in-pile pressure control can be replaced by hydrogen backflow pressure, and cooling liquid in-pile temperature control can be replaced by radiator outlet temperature. Therefore, sustainable operation of the fuel cell is ensured, and the fuel cell is prevented from emergency shutdown to damage the stack.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and in particular to a fuel cell control device and a control method. Background Art

[0002] The core working principle of fuel cells is to generate electricity through the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen. In this process, a large amount of heat is generated, so the fuel cell needs to be circulated and cooled with the help of coolant to maintain its operation within the appropriate operating temperature range. To ensure that the fuel cell stack can operate stably and efficiently, parameters such as the air inlet pressure, hydrogen inlet pressure, and coolant inlet temperature must be strictly controlled within the specified range. It is necessary to install additional sensors at the stack air inlet, hydrogen inlet, and coolant inlet. These sensors can monitor the relevant parameters in real time and accurately, and feed the collected data back to the control system. The feedback data is analyzed and processed based on the preset parameter standards, and the hydrogen-air pressure value and coolant temperature value are dynamically adjusted to ensure that the fuel cell stack is always in the best working state and achieve safe, efficient, and stable energy conversion.

[0003] In the existing fuel cell control system, the air path, hydrogen path, and cooling path each rely on a single sensor for parameter control. In this single-sensor control mode, once any sensor fails, the fuel cell engine will trigger an emergency shutdown procedure due to the lack of a redundant fault-tolerant mechanism. Frequent emergency shutdowns will not only interrupt power output, but also cause irreversible performance damage to the fuel cell stack due to sudden changes in parameters such as pressure and temperature, seriously affecting the equipment's service life and system reliability. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the shortcomings of the prior art and to propose a fuel cell control device and control method.

[0006] In order to achieve the above objectives, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a fuel cell control device, comprising:

[0007] The fuel cell stack is connected to the air supply subsystem, the hydrogen supply subsystem and the thermal management subsystem through pipelines respectively;

[0008] The air supply subsystem includes a humidifier, an air inlet pressure sensor is provided on the pipeline connecting the humidifier to the fuel cell stack, and a humidification inlet pressure sensor is provided on the pipeline connecting the humidifier to the intercooler;

[0009] The hydrogen supply subsystem includes an ejector, a hydrogen inlet pressure sensor is provided on the pipeline connecting the ejector to the fuel cell stack, and a hydrogen return pressure sensor is provided on the pipeline connecting the ejector to the water separator;

[0010] The thermal management subsystem includes a radiator, a coolant inlet temperature sensor is provided on a pipeline connecting the radiator and the fuel cell stack, and a heat dissipation outlet temperature sensor is provided on the radiator.

[0011] In some embodiments, the humidifier inlet is connected to the intercooler through a pipeline, the humidifier outlet is connected to the fuel cell stack through a pipeline, the intercooler is connected to the air compressor through a pipeline, the air compressor is connected to the flow meter through a pipeline, and the flow meter is connected to the air filter through a pipeline.

[0012] In some embodiments, the intercooler is in communication with a thermal management subsystem circulation pipeline.

[0013] In some embodiments, the ejector inlet is connected to the hydrogen injection valve through a pipeline, the ejector outlet is connected to the fuel cell stack through a pipeline, the fuel cell stack is connected to the water separator through a pipeline, and the water separator is connected to the ejector reflux port through a pipeline.

[0014] In some embodiments, the radiator inlet is connected to the water pump through a pipeline, the radiator outlet is connected to the fuel cell stack through a pipeline, and the water pump is connected to the fuel cell stack and the water tank through a pipeline.

[0015] In some embodiments, a data monitoring module is further included, which is electrically connected to the air supply subsystem, the hydrogen supply subsystem, the thermal management subsystem, the air inlet pressure sensor, the humidification inlet pressure sensor, the hydrogen inlet pressure sensor, the hydrogen return pressure sensor, the coolant inlet temperature sensor and the heat dissipation outlet temperature sensor.

[0016] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a fuel cell control method, which is executed by the fuel cell control device as described in the first aspect, and the control method includes:

[0017] S100, detecting the current working status of the stacking sensor and determining whether to switch to the corresponding subsystem sensor for replacement detection. If yes, proceed to S200; otherwise, proceed to S300;

[0018] S200, collecting monitoring values ​​of the fault-tolerant sensor, calculating and converting the fault-tolerant control quantity of the stack fluid, judging whether the current stack operation condition is met, and performing closed-loop regulation instead;

[0019] S300: Collect monitoring values ​​of the stack entry sensor, determine whether the current stack entry operating condition is met, and perform closed-loop adjustment.

[0020] In some embodiments, the S100 includes:

[0021] S110a, detecting the current working state of the air inlet pressure sensor, and determining whether to switch to the humidification inlet pressure sensor for replacement detection. If so, proceed to S200; otherwise, proceed to S300;

[0022] S110b, detecting the current working state of the hydrogen inlet pressure sensor, and determining whether to switch to the hydrogen return pressure sensor for replacement detection. If so, proceed to S200; otherwise, proceed to S300;

[0023] S110c, detecting the current working status of the coolant inlet temperature sensor, and determining whether to switch to the heat dissipation outlet temperature sensor for replacement detection. If so, proceed to S200; otherwise, proceed to S300.

[0024] In some embodiments, the S200 includes:

[0025] S210a, collecting the monitoring value of the humidification inlet pressure sensor, calculating and calibrating the flow resistance of the pipeline and the humidifier, and adding them to obtain the fault tolerance control value of the air entering and leaving the stack;

[0026] S220a, determining whether the air pressure value for the stack is met, if so, the current air path pressure is normal, if not, performing closed-loop regulation instead; or

[0027] S210b, collecting the monitoring value of the hydrogen reflux pressure sensor, calculating and calibrating the flow resistance of the pipeline and the ejector, and adding them to obtain the fault tolerance control value of the hydrogen entering and leaving the stack;

[0028] S220b, determining whether the hydrogen pressure value entering the stack is met, if so, the current hydrogen path pressure is normal, if not, alternatively performing closed-loop regulation; or

[0029] S210c: Collect the monitoring value of the heat dissipation outlet temperature sensor, calculate and calibrate the temperature difference between the pipeline and the radiator, and add them to obtain the fault tolerance control value of the inlet and outlet coolant;

[0030] S220c, determining whether the temperature value of the coolant entering the stack is met. If so, the current cooling path temperature is normal. If not, closed-loop regulation is performed instead.

[0031] In some embodiments, the S300 includes:

[0032] S310a, collecting the monitoring value of the air inlet pressure sensor and determining whether the air inlet pressure value is met;

[0033] S320a, if yes, the current air path pressure is normal, if not, closed loop regulation is performed; or

[0034] S310b, collecting the monitoring value of the hydrogen inlet pressure sensor to determine whether the hydrogen inlet pressure value is met;

[0035] S320b, if yes, the current hydrogen line pressure is normal, if not, closed-loop regulation is performed; or

[0036] S310c, collecting the monitoring value of the coolant inlet temperature sensor and determining whether the coolant inlet temperature value is met;

[0037] S320c: If yes, the current cooling path temperature is normal; if not, closed-loop regulation is performed instead.

[0038] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0039] In the present invention, when the original inlet fluid sensor fails, the air inlet pressure control can be replaced by the humidifier inlet pressure, the hydrogen inlet pressure control can be replaced by the hydrogen return pressure, and the coolant inlet temperature control can be replaced by the radiator outlet temperature, thereby ensuring the sustainable operation of the fuel cell and avoiding emergency shutdown of the fuel cell and damage to the stack. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the fuel cell control device proposed in this invention Figure 1 ;

[0041] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the fuel cell control device proposed in this invention Figure 2 ;

[0042] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the fuel cell control method proposed in the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0043] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the fuel cell control method proposed in the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0044] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the fuel cell control method proposed in the present invention Figure 3 .

[0045] Legend:

[0046] 1. Fuel cell stack; 2. Air supply subsystem; 201. Humidifier; 202. Intercooler; 203. Air compressor; 204. Flow meter; 205. Air filter; 3. Hydrogen supply subsystem; 301. Ejector; 302. Hydrogen spray valve; 303. Water distributor; 4. Thermal management subsystem; 401. Radiator; 402. Water pump; 403. Water tank; 5. Air inlet pressure sensor; 6. Humidifier inlet pressure sensor; 7. Hydrogen inlet pressure sensor; 8. Hydrogen reflux pressure sensor; 9. Coolant inlet temperature sensor; 10. Heat dissipation outlet temperature sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0048] The embodiments of the present application provide a fuel cell control device and control method, which solves the problem that the air path, hydrogen path and cooling path in the prior art each rely on a single sensor for parameter control. In this single-sensor control mode, once any sensor fails, the fuel cell engine will trigger an emergency shutdown program due to the lack of a redundant fault-tolerant mechanism. Frequent emergency shutdowns will not only interrupt power output, but also cause irreversible performance damage to the fuel cell stack due to sudden changes in parameters such as pressure and temperature, seriously affecting the service life of the equipment and system reliability. However, the present application can use the humidifier inlet pressure as an alternative control through air inlet pressure control, the hydrogen inlet pressure can be controlled by the hydrogen reflux pressure, and the coolant inlet temperature can be controlled by the radiator outlet temperature, thereby ensuring the sustainable operation of the fuel cell and avoiding emergency shutdown of the fuel cell and damage to the stack.

[0049] Please refer to the following examples for details:

[0050] Reference Figure 1-Figure 2 The present invention provides an embodiment of a fuel cell control device, the specific structure of which includes: a fuel cell stack 1, an air supply subsystem 2, a hydrogen supply subsystem 3 and a thermal management subsystem 4, and the fuel cell stack 1 is connected to the air supply subsystem 2, the hydrogen supply subsystem 3 and the thermal management subsystem 4 through pipelines.

[0051] Among them, the fuel cell stack 1 is the place where hydrogen and oxygen undergo electrochemical reactions to generate electricity; the air supply subsystem 2 is used to filter, pressurize and process the external air, and is connected to the fuel cell stack 1 through a pipeline to provide the fuel cell stack 1 with sufficient oxygen that meets the pressure and flow requirements; the hydrogen supply subsystem 3 is used to transport high-purity hydrogen, and is connected to the fuel cell stack 1 through a pipeline to ensure the supply of hydrogen raw materials required for the reaction of the fuel cell stack 1; the thermal management subsystem 4 is used to circulate coolant, and is connected to the fuel cell stack 1 through a pipeline to effectively control the heat generated by the fuel cell stack 1 during the reaction process.

[0052] Furthermore, the air supply subsystem 2 includes:

[0053] (1) Humidifier 201: used to humidify dry compressed air to prevent the proton exchange membrane of the fuel cell stack 1 from drying out and maintain the proton conduction efficiency;

[0054] (2) Intercooler 202: used to reduce the high temperature of the air at the outlet of the air compressor 203 to prevent the high temperature from damaging the humidifier 201 or the proton exchange membrane of the fuel cell stack 1 and maintain a suitable reaction temperature;

[0055] (3) Air compressor 203: used to compress air to the high pressure required by the fuel cell stack 1, increase the oxygen partial pressure, enhance the reaction efficiency of the fuel cell stack 1, and overcome the resistance of subsequent pipelines;

[0056] (4) Flow meter 204: used to monitor the air flow and temperature entering the air compressor 203 in real time, provide feedback for air flow control, and ensure the amount of air required for the chemical reaction of the fuel cell stack 1;

[0057] (5) Air filter 205: used to filter impurities such as particulate matter and dust in the air to prevent pollutants from damaging the air compressor 203 or the membrane electrode inside the fuel cell stack 1, thereby ensuring air cleanliness and extending the life of the system.

[0058] Specifically, in the air supply subsystem 2, the various components are connected in an orderly manner through pipelines to form a complete gas transmission path: the inlet of the humidifier 201 is connected to the intercooler 202 through a pipeline, and receives the compressed air after being cooled by the intercooler 202; the outlet of the humidifier 201 is directly connected to the fuel cell stack 1 through a pipeline, and the air that has completed the humidification treatment is accurately delivered to the fuel cell stack 1 to participate in the reaction; the intercooler 202 and the air compressor 203 are connected through a pipeline, and the high-temperature air compressed by the air compressor 203 is received and cooled and regulated; the air compressor 203 is connected to the flow meter 204 through a pipeline, and the flow meter 204 monitors the air flow and temperature entering the air compressor 203 in real time; and the flow meter 204 is connected to the air filter 205 through a pipeline to ensure that the air entering the system is first purified by the air filter 205 to remove dust, impurities and other particulate matter that may affect the performance of the system, thereby ensuring the cleanliness and stability of the entire air supply process.

[0059] It should be noted that an air inlet pressure sensor 5 is provided on the pipeline connecting the humidifier 201 and the fuel cell stack 1 , and a humidification inlet pressure sensor 6 is correspondingly provided on the pipeline connecting the humidifier 201 and the intercooler 202 .

[0060] It is understandable that when the air inlet pressure sensor 5 is normal, the detection value of the air inlet pressure sensor 5 ( Figure 1 After the air inlet pressure sensor 5 fails (such as signal abnormality or communication interruption), the detection value of the humidification inlet pressure sensor 6 can be collected ( Figure 1 AP1 in the stack), and after calculating and calibrating the flow resistance of the pipeline and the humidifier 201, the detection value of the humidifier inlet pressure sensor 6 and the flow resistance value are superimposed to replace the detection value of the air inlet pressure sensor 5 (due to the flow resistance inside the humidifier 201 and the outlet pipeline, the system needs to be based on a pre-calibrated flow resistance model, such as the experimentally measured pressure drop curve or simulation data, to superimpose the detection value and the flow resistance value to calculate the equivalent pressure at the inlet of the fuel cell stack 1, that is: P_stack1 = AP1 + ΔP1), thereby realizing alternative closed-loop regulation of the air inlet pressure of the fuel cell stack 1. By adjusting the operating parameters of equipment such as the air compressor 203 and the intercooler 202, the stability of the air inlet pressure of the fuel cell stack 1 is maintained, avoiding the performance degradation of the fuel cell stack 1 or system shutdown due to sensor failure, and significantly improving the fault tolerance of the air supply subsystem 2 and the reliability of the fuel cell system.

[0061] Please continue reading Figure 1 In this embodiment, the hydrogen supply subsystem 3 includes:

[0062] (1) Ejector 301: used to generate negative pressure by using a high-speed hydrogen jet to draw unreacted hydrogen from the outlet of the fuel cell stack 1 back to the inlet, thereby realizing hydrogen recycling and improving hydrogen utilization;

[0063] (2) Hydrogen injection valve 302: used to accurately control the hydrogen flow and pressure by opening and closing frequency and duration, and adjust the hydrogen supply according to the load demand of the fuel cell stack 1 to avoid excessive waste or insufficient supply;

[0064] (3) Water separator 303: used to separate liquid water from the hydrogen reflux to prevent liquid water from blocking the hydrogen pipeline or ejector 301, ensuring smooth flow of hydrogen.

[0065] Specifically, in the hydrogen supply circulation system, the various components are connected in an orderly manner through pipelines to form a complete gas transmission path: the inlet of the ejector 301 is connected to the hydrogen spray valve 302 through a pipeline, and receives hydrogen with precisely controlled flow and pressure from the hydrogen spray valve 302; the outlet of the ejector 301 is directly connected to the fuel cell stack 1 through a pipeline, and the treated hydrogen is transported to the fuel cell stack 1 to provide the necessary reactants for the hydrogen-oxygen reaction in the fuel cell stack 1. After the fuel cell stack 1 completes the reaction, the mixed fluid carrying unreacted hydrogen and water generated by the reaction flows into the water separator 303 through the pipeline; the water separator 303 effectively separates hydrogen and water through a special separation structure, and the separated hydrogen flows back to the reflux port of the ejector 301 through the pipeline, and participates in the circulation again under the action of the ejector 301, thereby realizing efficient utilization of hydrogen.

[0066] It should be noted that a hydrogen inlet pressure sensor 7 is provided on the pipeline connecting the ejector 301 and the fuel cell stack 1, and a hydrogen return pressure sensor 8 is provided on the pipeline connecting the ejector 301 and the water separator 303.

[0067] It is understandable that when the hydrogen inlet pressure sensor 7 is normal, the hydrogen inlet pressure sensor 7 ( Figure 1 After the HP2 in the stack is detected, the hydrogen pressure entering the stack is adjusted in a closed loop (such as adjusting the ejector 301 pressure or the hydrogen injection valve 302 flow rate); and when the hydrogen inlet pressure sensor 7 fails (such as signal abnormality or communication interruption), the detection value of the hydrogen return pressure sensor 8 can be collected ( Figure 1 HP1 in the figure), and after calculating and calibrating the flow resistance of the pipeline and the ejector 301, the detection value of the hydrogen reflux pressure sensor 8 is superimposed with the flow resistance value to replace the detection value of the hydrogen inlet pressure sensor 7 (due to the flow resistance inside the ejector 301 and the outlet pipeline, the system needs to be based on a pre-calibrated flow resistance model, such as the experimentally measured pressure drop curve or simulation data, to superimpose the detection value and the flow resistance value to calculate the equivalent pressure at the inlet of the fuel cell stack 1, that is: P_stack2 = HP1 + ΔP2), thereby realizing alternative closed-loop regulation of the hydrogen inlet pressure of the fuel cell stack 1.

[0068] Please continue reading Figure 1 In this embodiment, the thermal management subsystem 4 includes:

[0069] (1) Radiator 401: used to dissipate heat through a fan or natural convection to control the temperature of the battery stack 1 within a preset operating temperature range;

[0070] (2) Water pump 402: used to drive the coolant circulation and force the heat generated by the fuel cell stack 1 to be transferred to the radiator 401 to avoid local overheating;

[0071] (3) Water tank 403: used to store coolant and replenish the system loss due to evaporation or leakage, and maintain the stability of the cooling circuit liquid level.

[0072] Specifically, in the thermal management subsystem 4, the various components are connected in an orderly manner through pipelines to form a complete liquid circulation path: the inlet of the radiator 401 is connected to the water pump 402 through a pipeline. The water pump 402 serves as a circulation power source and transports the cooled low-temperature coolant to the radiator 401; the outlet of the radiator 401 is directly connected to the fuel cell stack 1 through a pipeline, and the coolant that has been heat-dissipated is sent to the fuel cell stack 1, taking away a large amount of heat generated by the fuel cell stack 1 during the hydrogen-oxygen reaction; the water pump 402 is also connected to the fuel cell stack 1 and the water tank 403 through a pipeline, and draws back the coolant after the temperature of the fuel cell stack 1. When the coolant is lost due to evaporation, leakage, etc., the coolant is replenished from the water tank 403 to ensure the stability of the coolant inventory of the entire circulation system and form a complete coolant circulation path; in addition, the intercooler 202 is interconnected with the circulation pipeline formed by the radiator 401 and the fuel cell stack 1 in the thermal management subsystem 4. While regulating the air temperature, it also exchanges heat with the coolant circulation system, further optimizing the thermal balance management of the system.

[0073] It should be explained in detail that a coolant inlet temperature sensor 9 is provided on the pipeline connecting the radiator 401 and the fuel cell stack 1 , and a heat dissipation outlet temperature sensor 10 is provided on the radiator 401 .

[0074] It is understandable that when the coolant entering the stack temperature sensor 9 is normal, the coolant entering the stack temperature sensor 9 ( Figure 1 After WT2 in the figure, the temperature of the coolant entering the stack is closed-loop regulated (such as adjusting the fan speed or the power of the water pump 402); and when the coolant entering the stack temperature sensor 9 fails (such as signal abnormality or communication interruption), the detection value of the heat dissipation outlet temperature sensor 10 can be collected ( Figure 1 WT1 in the figure), and after calculating and calibrating the temperature difference between the pipeline and the radiator 401 (the temperature difference between the coolant inlet temperature sensor 9 and the heat dissipation outlet temperature sensor 10), the detection value of the heat dissipation outlet temperature sensor 10 is superimposed with the temperature difference value to replace the detection value of the coolant inlet temperature sensor 9 (due to the flow resistance inside the radiator 401 and the outlet pipeline, the system needs to be based on a pre-calibrated flow resistance model, such as the experimentally measured pressure drop curve or simulation data, to superimpose the detection value and the flow resistance value to calculate the equivalent pressure at the inlet of the fuel cell stack 1, that is: P_stack3 = WT1 + ΔP3), thereby realizing alternative closed-loop regulation of the coolant inlet temperature of the fuel cell stack 1.

[0075] Please continue reading Figure 2In this embodiment, a data monitoring module is also included. The data monitoring module is electrically connected to the air supply subsystem 2, the hydrogen supply subsystem 3, the thermal management subsystem 4, the air inlet pressure sensor 5, the humidification inlet pressure sensor 6, the hydrogen inlet pressure sensor 7, the hydrogen return pressure sensor 8, the coolant inlet temperature sensor 9, and the heat dissipation outlet temperature sensor 10. The key equipment in each subsystem can be precisely controlled based on the preset control strategy and the real-time collected data:

[0076] For the air supply subsystem 2, the data monitoring module adjusts the speed of the air compressor 203 and the working status of the humidifier 201 through the data feedback from the air inlet pressure sensor 5 and the humidification inlet pressure sensor 6, ensuring that the pressure and humidity of the air entering the stack meet the operating requirements of the fuel cell stack 1; in the hydrogen supply subsystem 3, the data monitoring module accurately controls the opening of the hydrogen injection valve 302 and the working efficiency of the ejector 301 through the monitoring data of the hydrogen inlet pressure sensor 7 and the hydrogen return pressure sensor 8, maintains the stability of the hydrogen pressure and realizes the recycling of hydrogen; for the thermal management subsystem 4, the data monitoring module flexibly adjusts the power of the water pump 402 and the fan speed of the radiator 401 through the temperature information collected by the coolant inlet temperature sensor 9 and the heat dissipation outlet temperature sensor 10, ensuring that the fuel cell stack 1 operates in an appropriate temperature range; when a sensor fails, the data monitoring module can quickly call redundant data and combine it with the pre-calibrated parameter model to realize alternative closed-loop regulation of the system, thereby ensuring the continuous, stable and efficient operation of the fuel cell system.

[0077] Reference Figure 3-Figure 5 The present invention further provides an embodiment of a fuel cell control method, which is executed by the fuel cell control device in the above embodiment. The control method includes:

[0078] S100, detecting the current working status of the stacking sensor and determining whether to switch to the corresponding subsystem sensor for replacement detection. If yes, proceed to S200; otherwise, proceed to S300;

[0079] S200, collecting monitoring values ​​of the fault-tolerant sensor, calculating and converting the fault-tolerant control quantity of the inlet fluid, determining whether the current inlet operating condition of the fuel cell stack 1 is met, and performing closed-loop regulation instead;

[0080] S300: Collect monitoring values ​​of the stacking sensor, determine whether the current stack 1 stacking operating condition values ​​are met, and perform closed-loop adjustment.

[0081] When the fuel cell stack 1 is actually working, it detects the current working status of the stack entry sensor in real time to determine whether it is necessary to switch the corresponding subsystem sensor for alternative detection; if the stack entry sensor fails or encounters an abnormal situation, the monitoring value of the fault-tolerant sensor will be collected, and the data will be calculated and converted through a specific algorithm to obtain the fault-tolerant control quantity of the stack entry fluid, and the control quantity will be compared and judged with the current fuel cell stack 1 stack entry operating condition value. If it meets the requirements, the fault-tolerant control quantity will be used to replace the original sensor data, and the relevant subsystems will be closed-loop adjusted to ensure the stable operation of the fuel cell stack 1; if the stack entry sensor is in normal working condition, the monitoring value of the stack entry sensor will be directly collected to determine whether the value meets the current fuel cell stack 1 stack entry operating condition value. If not, the closed-loop adjustment mechanism will be used to adjust the air supply, hydrogen supply or thermal management subsystems accordingly to return the fuel cell stack 1 operating parameters to the normal range.

[0082] Furthermore, in this embodiment, S100 includes:

[0083] S110a, detecting the current working state of the air inlet pressure sensor 5, and determining whether to switch to the humidification inlet pressure sensor 6 for replacement detection. If so, proceed to S200; otherwise, proceed to S300;

[0084] S110b, detecting the current working state of the hydrogen inlet pressure sensor 7, and determining whether to switch to the hydrogen return pressure sensor 8 for detection. If so, proceed to S200; otherwise, proceed to S300;

[0085] S110c, detecting the current working state of the coolant inlet temperature sensor 9, and determining whether to switch to the heat dissipation outlet temperature sensor 10 for replacement detection. If so, proceed to S200, otherwise proceed to S300.

[0086] After the system starts, three parallel detection processes are executed:

[0087] The working status of the air inlet pressure sensor 5 is monitored in real time. Whether it is operating normally is determined by indicators such as signal strength and data fluctuation range. If a fault or abnormality occurs (drift exceeds the standard, response delay or fixed value output), it is determined that the humidification inlet pressure sensor 6 needs to be switched for replacement testing. If the air inlet pressure sensor 5 is operating normally, there is no need to switch;

[0088] The working status of the hydrogen inlet pressure sensor 7 is monitored in real time. Whether it is operating normally is determined by indicators such as signal strength and data fluctuation range. If a fault or abnormality occurs (drift exceeds the standard, response delay or fixed value output), it is determined that the hydrogen return pressure sensor 8 needs to be switched. If the hydrogen inlet pressure sensor 7 is operating normally, there is no need to switch it.

[0089] The working status of the coolant entering the stack temperature sensor 9 is monitored in real time, and its normal operation is judged by indicators such as signal strength and data fluctuation range. If a fault or abnormality occurs (drift exceeds the standard, response delay or fixed value output), it is determined that the heat dissipation outlet temperature sensor 10 needs to be switched. If the coolant entering the stack temperature sensor 9 is working normally, there is no need to switch.

[0090] Furthermore, in this embodiment, S200 includes:

[0091] S210a, collecting the monitoring value of the humidification inlet pressure sensor 6, calculating and calibrating the flow resistance of the pipeline and the humidifier 201, and adding them to obtain the fault tolerance control value of the air entering and leaving the stack;

[0092] S220a, determining whether the air pressure value for the stack is met, if so, the current air path pressure is normal, if not, performing closed-loop regulation instead; or

[0093] S210b, collecting the monitoring value of the hydrogen reflux pressure sensor 8, calculating and calibrating the flow resistance of the pipeline and the ejector 301, and adding them to obtain the fault tolerance control value of the hydrogen entering and leaving the stack;

[0094] S220b, determining whether the hydrogen pressure value entering the stack is met, if so, the current hydrogen path pressure is normal, if not, alternatively performing closed-loop regulation; or

[0095] S210c, collecting the monitoring value of the heat dissipation outlet temperature sensor 10, calculating and calibrating the temperature difference between the pipeline and the radiator 401, and adding them to obtain the fault tolerance control value of the inlet and outlet coolant;

[0096] S220c, determining whether the temperature value of the coolant entering the stack is met. If so, the current cooling path temperature is normal. If not, closed-loop regulation is performed instead.

[0097] Once it is determined that alternative detection needs to be enabled, the corresponding process will be executed according to the needs of different subsystems:

[0098] In terms of the air path, the monitoring value monitored by the humidification inlet pressure sensor 6 is collected and combined with the pre-calculated and calibrated flow resistance data of the pipeline and humidifier 201. The fault-tolerant control value of the incoming air is calculated and added. The fault-tolerant control value is compared with the pre-set incoming air pressure value. If the requirements are met, it indicates that the current air path pressure is within the normal range. If the requirements are not met, the alternative closed-loop regulation mechanism is activated to regulate the air supply subsystem 2 to ensure that the incoming air pressure meets the operating requirements of the fuel cell stack 1.

[0099] In terms of the hydrogen path, the monitoring value of the hydrogen reflux pressure sensor 8 is collected and combined with the pre-calculated and calibrated flow resistance data of the pipeline and the ejector 301. The calculated and added values ​​are used to obtain the fault-tolerant control value of the hydrogen entering the stack. This fault-tolerant control value is compared with the pre-set hydrogen pressure value entering the stack. If the requirements are met, it indicates that the current hydrogen path pressure is within the normal range. If the requirements are not met, the alternative closed-loop regulation mechanism is activated to regulate the hydrogen supply subsystem 3 to ensure that the hydrogen pressure entering the stack meets the operating requirements of the fuel cell stack 1.

[0100] In terms of the cooling path, the monitoring value of the heat dissipation outlet temperature sensor 10 is collected, and the pre-calculated and calibrated temperature difference data between the pipeline and the radiator 401 are also combined to calculate and add them to obtain the fault-tolerant control amount of the coolant entering the stack; the fault-tolerant control amount is compared with the pre-set coolant entering the stack temperature value. If the requirements are met, it indicates that the current cooling path temperature is within the normal range; if the requirements are not met, the alternative closed-loop regulation is started to regulate the thermal management subsystem 4 to ensure that the coolant entering the stack temperature meets the operating requirements of the fuel cell stack 1.

[0101] Furthermore, in this embodiment, S300 includes:

[0102] S310a, collecting the monitoring value of the air inlet pressure sensor 5, and determining whether the air inlet pressure value is met;

[0103] S320a, if yes, the current air path pressure is normal, if not, closed loop regulation is performed; or

[0104] S310b, collecting the monitoring value of the hydrogen inlet pressure sensor 7, and determining whether the hydrogen inlet pressure value is met;

[0105] S320b, if yes, the current hydrogen line pressure is normal, if not, closed-loop regulation is performed;

[0106] S310c, collecting the monitoring value of the coolant entering the stack temperature sensor 9, and determining whether the coolant entering the stack temperature value is met;

[0107] S320c: If yes, the current cooling path temperature is normal; if not, closed-loop regulation is performed instead.

[0108] When it is detected that the sensors of each subsystem are in normal working condition, the corresponding monitoring and adjustment processes will be performed for the air, hydrogen and cooling paths respectively:

[0109] In terms of the air path, the monitoring value of the air inlet pressure sensor 5 is collected and compared with the preset inlet air pressure value. If the requirements are met, the current air path pressure is determined to be normal. If not, the closed-loop regulation mechanism is immediately activated to dynamically regulate the air supply subsystem 2 by adjusting the speed of the air compressor 203 and the operating parameters of the humidifier 201 to ensure that the inlet air pressure meets the operating requirements of the fuel cell stack 1.

[0110] In the cooling circuit, the monitoring value of the hydrogen inlet pressure sensor 7 is collected and compared with the set inlet hydrogen pressure value. If the requirements are met, the current hydrogen circuit pressure is determined to be normal. If the requirements are not met, the closed-loop regulation mechanism is immediately activated to dynamically regulate the hydrogen supply subsystem 3 by adjusting the opening of the hydrogen injection valve 302 and the working state of the ejector 301, etc., to ensure that the inlet hydrogen pressure meets the operating requirements of the fuel cell stack 1.

[0111] In terms of the cooling path, the monitoring value of the coolant inlet temperature sensor 9 is collected and compared with the set inlet coolant temperature value; if the requirements are met, the current cooling path temperature is determined to be normal; if the requirements are not met, the closed-loop adjustment mechanism is immediately started, and the thermal management subsystem 4 is dynamically controlled by adjusting the water pump 402 power, the radiator 401 fan speed, etc., to ensure that the inlet coolant temperature meets the operating requirements of the fuel cell stack 1.

[0112] Finally, it should be noted that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fuel cell control device, comprising a fuel cell stack, characterized in that: The fuel cell stack is connected to the air supply subsystem, the hydrogen supply subsystem and the thermal management subsystem through pipelines respectively; The air supply subsystem includes a humidifier, an air inlet pressure sensor is provided on the pipeline connecting the humidifier to the fuel cell stack, and a humidification inlet pressure sensor is provided on the pipeline connecting the humidifier to the intercooler; The hydrogen supply subsystem includes an ejector, a hydrogen inlet pressure sensor is provided on the pipeline connecting the ejector to the fuel cell stack, and a hydrogen return pressure sensor is provided on the pipeline connecting the ejector to the water separator; The thermal management subsystem includes a radiator, a coolant inlet temperature sensor is provided on a pipeline connecting the radiator and the fuel cell stack, and a heat dissipation outlet temperature sensor is provided on the radiator.

2. The fuel cell control device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The humidifier inlet is connected to the intercooler through a pipeline, the humidifier outlet is connected to the fuel cell stack through a pipeline, the intercooler is connected to the air compressor through a pipeline, the air compressor is connected to the flow meter through a pipeline, and the flow meter is connected to the air filter through a pipeline.

3. The fuel cell control device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The intercooler is in communication with a circulation pipeline of a thermal management subsystem.

4. The fuel cell control device according to claim 1, wherein: The ejector inlet is connected to the hydrogen injection valve through a pipeline, the ejector outlet is connected to the fuel cell stack through a pipeline, the fuel cell stack is connected to the water separator through a pipeline, and the water separator is connected to the ejector reflux port through a pipeline.

5. The fuel cell control device according to claim 1, wherein: The radiator inlet is connected to the water pump through a pipeline, the radiator outlet is connected to the fuel cell stack through a pipeline, and the water pump is connected to the fuel cell stack and the water tank through a pipeline.

6. The fuel cell control device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a data monitoring module, which is electrically connected to the air supply subsystem, hydrogen supply subsystem, thermal management subsystem, air inlet pressure sensor, humidification inlet pressure sensor, hydrogen inlet pressure sensor, hydrogen reflux pressure sensor, coolant inlet temperature sensor and heat dissipation outlet temperature sensor.

7. A fuel cell control method, characterized in that: The control method is executed by the fuel cell control device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and the control method includes: S100, detecting the current working status of the stacking sensor and determining whether to switch to the corresponding subsystem sensor for replacement detection. If yes, proceed to S200; otherwise, proceed to S300; S200, collecting monitoring values ​​of the fault-tolerant sensor, calculating and converting the fault-tolerant control quantity of the stack fluid, judging whether the current stack operation condition is met, and performing closed-loop regulation instead; S300: Collect monitoring values ​​of the stack entry sensor, determine whether the current stack entry operating condition is met, and perform closed-loop adjustment.

8. The fuel cell control method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The S100 includes: S110a, detecting the current working state of the air inlet pressure sensor, and determining whether to switch to the humidification inlet pressure sensor for replacement detection. If so, proceed to S200; otherwise, proceed to S300; S110b, detecting the current working state of the hydrogen inlet pressure sensor, and determining whether to switch to the hydrogen return pressure sensor for replacement detection. If so, proceed to S200; otherwise, proceed to S300; S110c, detecting the current working status of the coolant inlet temperature sensor, and determining whether to switch to the heat dissipation outlet temperature sensor for replacement detection. If so, proceed to S200; otherwise, proceed to S300.

9. The fuel cell control method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The S200 includes: S210a, collecting the monitoring value of the humidification inlet pressure sensor, calculating and calibrating the flow resistance of the pipeline and the humidifier, and adding them to obtain the fault tolerance control value of the air entering and leaving the stack; S220a, determining whether the air pressure value for the stack is met, if so, the current air path pressure is normal, if not, performing closed-loop regulation instead; or S210b, collecting the monitoring value of the hydrogen reflux pressure sensor, calculating and calibrating the flow resistance of the pipeline and the ejector, and adding them to obtain the fault tolerance control value of the hydrogen entering and leaving the stack; S220b, determining whether the hydrogen pressure value entering the stack is met, if so, the current hydrogen path pressure is normal, if not, alternatively performing closed-loop regulation; or S210c: Collect the monitoring value of the heat dissipation outlet temperature sensor, calculate and calibrate the temperature difference between the pipeline and the radiator, and add them to obtain the fault tolerance control value of the inlet and outlet coolant; S220c, determining whether the temperature value of the coolant entering the stack is met. If so, the current cooling path temperature is normal. If not, closed-loop regulation is performed instead.

10. The fuel cell control method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The S300 includes: S310a, collecting the monitoring value of the air inlet pressure sensor and determining whether the air inlet pressure value is met; S320a, if yes, the current air path pressure is normal, if not, closed loop regulation is performed; or S310b, collecting the monitoring value of the hydrogen inlet pressure sensor to determine whether the hydrogen inlet pressure value is met; S320b, if yes, the current hydrogen line pressure is normal, if not, closed-loop regulation is performed; or S310c, collecting the monitoring value of the coolant inlet temperature sensor and determining whether the coolant inlet temperature value is met; S320c: If yes, the current cooling path temperature is normal; if not, closed-loop regulation is performed instead.

Images