A method for optimizing flow resistance of an air supply system of a hydrogen fuel cell

Abstract

The application relates to a hydrogen fuel cell air supply system flow resistance optimization method, in which ambient air is sequentially introduced into an air filter, an air compressor and a intercooler, heat exchange is carried out in the intercooler; a first part of the air after the heat exchange passes through a fuel cell package and a valve; meanwhile, a second part of the air flows through a fuel cell stack container cavity, a flow resistance element and an exhaust throttle valve; meanwhile, a third part of the air passes through an electric control three-way valve, the three parts of the air are finally mixed in a mixed exhaust pipeline, and are discharged into the environment again after noise reduction through a silencer. Compared with the prior art, the application meets the requirements of air temperature, air pressure, air flow and relative humidity of the air inlet of the fuel cell stack through the coordinated control of the exhaust throttle valve, the air compressor and the electric control three-way valve, reduces the pressure difference between the dry side of a humidifier and the wet side of the humidifier, and reduces the sensitivity of the air pressure and the air flow of the air inlet of the fuel cell stack to the action of an actuator.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hydrogen fuel cell technology, and in particular to a method for optimizing the flow resistance of a hydrogen fuel cell air supply system. Background Technology

[0002] A proton exchange membrane fuel cell is an electrochemical reaction device. The most common type in the transportation sector is the hydrogen proton exchange membrane fuel cell, which converts the chemical energy stored in hydrogen and oxygen into electrical energy and produces water. The hydrogen typically comes from a hydrogen storage device, while the oxygen can come from air or oxygen-containing cylinders.

[0003] Hydrogen proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are widely used in transportation, especially in buses, logistics vehicles, and heavy-duty trucks, due to their advantages such as high efficiency, zero pollution, low operating temperature, and low noise. Buses, logistics vehicles, and heavy-duty trucks require hydrogen fuel cell systems with a warranty of at least five years or 200,000 kilometers, which presents a significant technical challenge to the durability and reliability of current hydrogen fuel cell systems and fuel cell stacks. A fuel cell stack consists of multiple proton exchange membrane fuel cells connected in series and secured with end plates on both sides of the stack.

[0004] Among the many factors affecting the durability and reliability of hydrogen fuel cell systems and fuel cell stacks, the humidifier is a crucial component. Existing humidifiers in automotive hydrogen fuel cell air supply systems generally adopt a gas-to-gas heat exchange humidification scheme. That is, the air entering the dry side of the humidifier is humidified and heat-exchanged by the air entering the wet side of the humidifier and then leaves the dry side of the humidifier through the dry side outlet. The air entering the wet side of the humidifier is humidified and heat-exchanged by the air entering the dry side of the humidifier and then leaves the wet side of the humidifier through the wet side outlet. The humidifier needs to ensure that the air entering the fuel cell stack has a reasonable humidity and temperature range, and it also needs to withstand the huge pressure difference between the dry side inlet and the wet side outlet of the humidifier. The solution involves continuously improving the humidifier's tolerance to pressure differences between the dry and wet sides, and its tolerance time to high pressure differences between the dry and wet sides. This is achieved by adjusting or selecting the flow resistance or orifice of the back pressure regulating valve in the hydrogen fuel cell air supply system to reduce the sensitivity of the fuel cell stack's air inlet air pressure and flow rate to actuator operation. However, this increased requirement for humidifier design and application inevitably leads to higher humidifier costs, and adjusting or selecting the back pressure regulating valve in the hydrogen fuel cell air supply system cannot fundamentally solve the problem of the sensitivity of the fuel cell stack's air inlet air pressure and flow rate to actuator operation.

[0005] Furthermore, the design goal of the hydrogen fuel cell air supply system is to meet the requirements of air temperature, air pressure, air flow rate, and relative humidity at the air inlet of the fuel cell stack. Since the working environment and output power of the vehicle hydrogen fuel cell system are dynamically changing, the vehicle hydrogen fuel cell air supply system must have sufficient robustness and adaptability. However, at present, the air pressure and air flow rate at the air inlet of the fuel cell stack of the vehicle hydrogen fuel cell air supply system are quite sensitive to the operation of actuators and back pressure regulating valves, which can easily cause large fluctuations in the air pressure and air flow rate at the air inlet of the fuel cell stack.

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to propose a flow resistance optimization method for the air supply system of hydrogen fuel cells to reduce the huge pressure difference between the dry side and the wet side of the humidifier, so as to reduce the sensitivity of the air pressure and air flow at the air inlet of the fuel cell stack to the actuator action. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art by providing a flow resistance optimization method for a hydrogen fuel cell air supply system. By coordinating the control of the exhaust throttle valve, air compressor and electronically controlled three-way valve, the pressure difference between the dry side and wet side of the humidifier is reduced, thereby reducing the sensitivity of the air pressure and air flow at the air inlet of the fuel cell stack to the actuator action.

[0008] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0009] This invention provides a method for optimizing the flow resistance of an air supply system for a hydrogen fuel cell, comprising the following steps:

[0010] S1: Ambient air is sequentially introduced into the air filter, air compressor and intercooler, where heat exchange takes place;

[0011] S2: The air that has passed through the heat exchanger in S1 is divided into three parts. The first part of the air passes through the fuel cell pack and valves and enters the mixing pipeline. At the same time, the second part of the air passes through the electronically controlled three-way valve and flows through the fuel cell stack container cavity, flow resistance element and exhaust throttle valve into the mixing pipeline. At the same time, the third part of the air passes through the electronically controlled three-way valve into the mixing pipeline.

[0012] Through the coordinated control of the exhaust throttle valve, air compressor and electronically controlled three-way valve, the requirements of air temperature, air pressure, air flow and relative humidity at the air inlet of the fuel cell stack are met;

[0013] S3: The three parts of air from S2 are finally mixed in the mixing pipeline, and after noise reduction by the silencer, they are discharged back into the environment.

[0014] Further, in S1, the ambient air is filtered in the air filter to remove impurities, and then passed into an air flow meter to measure the air flow rate;

[0015] The ambient air passing through the air flow meter is heated and pressurized in the air compressor and then introduced into the intercooler.

[0016] Furthermore, in S1, the heat exchange process specifically involves exchanging heat between the coolant flowing in the intercooler coolant cavity and the air flowing in the intercooler gas cavity to change the temperature of the ambient air.

[0017] Furthermore, in S2, the valve is a one-way valve; the third portion of air can also flow through a bypass valve into the mixing pipeline.

[0018] Further, in S2, the second part of the air is introduced into the air cavity of the fuel cell stack after passing through the air supply manifold of the fuel cell stack air cavity, and then discharged from the air discharge manifold of the fuel cell stack air cavity.

[0019] Furthermore, an air inlet pressure sensor is provided on the air supply manifold of the fuel cell stack air cavity to measure the dry air pressure or humidified dry air pressure at the inlet of the fuel cell stack air cavity.

[0020] Furthermore, an air outlet pressure sensor is provided on the air outlet manifold of the fuel cell stack air cavity to measure the post-reaction air pressure at the outlet of the fuel cell stack air cavity.

[0021] Furthermore, in S2, the flow resistance element is a non-electronically controlled element that generates flow resistance to the flowing gas. The flow resistance generated by the flow resistance element to the flowing gas is equal to or lower than the flow resistance of the flowing gas passing through the target opening of the exhaust throttle valve, so as to leave a flow resistance adjustment margin for the exhaust throttle valve.

[0022] Furthermore, in S1, the air compressor is ventilated to the bearings, and the ventilated air is discharged into the environment after passing through the air compressor.

[0023] Furthermore, in S2, the second portion of air reacts in the air cavity of the fuel cell stack, consuming some oxygen and carrying some of the liquid water and water vapor generated by the reaction, while simultaneously exchanging heat with the air cavity of the fuel cell stack.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0025] This invention achieves the desired air temperature, air pressure, air flow rate, and relative humidity at the air inlet of the fuel cell stack through coordinated control of the exhaust throttle valve, air compressor, and electronically controlled three-way valve. It also reduces the pressure difference between the dry and wet sides of the humidifier, thereby lowering the sensitivity of the air pressure and air flow rate at the fuel cell stack air inlet to actuator operation. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a flow resistance optimization method for a hydrogen fuel cell air supply system in Example 1;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a flow resistance optimization method for a hydrogen fuel cell air supply system in Example 2;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a flow resistance optimization method for a hydrogen fuel cell air supply system in Example 3;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a flow resistance optimization method for a hydrogen fuel cell air supply system in Example 4;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a flow resistance optimization method for a hydrogen fuel cell air supply system in Example 5.

[0031] Figure 1 Explanation of Chinese markings:

[0032] 1-Air filter, 2-Air flow meter, 3-Air compressor, 4-Intercooler, 5-Cooling system interface, 6-Fuel cell pack, 7-Fuel cell stack air chamber, 8-Electrically controlled three-way valve, 9-Humidifier, 10-Flow resistance element, 11-Exhaust throttle valve, 12-Mixed exhaust pipe, 13-Muffler, 14-Air inlet pressure sensor, 15-Air outlet pressure sensor, 16-Check valve;

[0033] Figure 2 Explanation of Chinese markings:

[0034] 1-Air filter, 2-Air flow meter, 3-Air compressor, 4-Intercooler, 5-Cooling system interface, 6-Fuel cell pack, 7-Fuel cell stack air chamber, 8-Electrically controlled three-way valve, 9-Humidifier, 10-Flow resistance element, 11-Exhaust throttle valve, 12-Mixed exhaust pipeline, 13-Muffler, 14-Air inlet pressure sensor, 15-Air outlet pressure sensor, 16-One-way valve, 17-Humidification bypass valve;

[0035] Figure 3 Explanation of Chinese markings:

[0036] 1-Air filter, 2-Air flow meter, 3-Air compressor, 4-Intercooler, 5-Cooling system interface, 6-Fuel cell pack, 7-Fuel cell stack air chamber, 8-Electrically controlled three-way valve, 9-Humidifier, 101-First flow resistance element, 102-Second flow resistance element, 11-Exhaust throttle valve, 12-Mixed exhaust pipe, 13-Muffler, 14-Air inlet pressure sensor, 15-Air outlet pressure sensor, 16-Check valve, 18-Intake throttle valve;

[0037] Figure 4 Explanation of Chinese markings:

[0038] 1-Air filter, 2-Air flow meter, 3-Air compressor, 4-Intercooler, 5-Cooling system interface, 6-Fuel cell pack, 7-Fuel cell stack air chamber, 8-Electrically controlled three-way valve, 9-Humidifier, 10-Flow resistance element, 11-Exhaust throttle valve, 12-Mixed exhaust pipe, 13-Muffler, 14-Air inlet pressure sensor, 15-Air outlet pressure sensor, 16-One-way valve, 18-Intake throttle valve, 19-Bypass valve;

[0039] Figure 5 Explanation of Chinese markings:

[0040] 1-Air filter, 2-Air flow meter, 3-Air compressor, 4-Intercooler, 5-Cooling system interface, 6-Fuel cell pack, 7-Fuel cell stack air chamber, 8-Electrically controlled three-way valve, 10-Flow resistance element, 11-Exhaust throttle valve, 12-Mixed exhaust pipe, 13-Muffler, 14-Air inlet pressure sensor, 15-Air outlet pressure sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The following examples illustrate specific implementations of the present invention. These examples are carried out based on the solution described in the present invention, and provide detailed implementation methods and specific operating procedures. However, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

[0042] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Component models, material names, connection structures, and other features not explicitly described in this technical solution are considered common technical features disclosed in the prior art.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] The hydrogen fuel cell air supply system includes an air filter 1, an air flow meter 2, an air compressor 3, an intercooler 4, an electronically controlled three-way valve 8, a humidifier 9, an air inlet pressure sensor 14, a fuel cell stack air chamber 7, an air outlet pressure sensor 15, a flow resistance element 10, an exhaust throttle valve 11, a one-way valve 16, a mixing pipeline 12, and a muffler 13. Other sensors arranged in the hydrogen fuel cell air supply system pipeline are commonly used sensors and arrangements in the prior art, and are not limited or elaborated upon here.

[0045] This embodiment provides a method for optimizing the flow resistance of a hydrogen fuel cell air supply system, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0046] S1: Ambient air is introduced into air filter 1 to remove impurities, then into air flow meter 2. After the air flow meter 2 measures the air flow rate, it is introduced into air compressor 3. Air compressor 3 pressurizes and heats the measured air, then introduces it into intercooler 4. Since air compressor 3 uses air bearings, frictional heat is generated during high-speed rotation, requiring ventilation to remove this heat. Therefore, bearing ventilation is performed on air compressor 3, and the vented air is then released back into the environment. The source of the bearing ventilation air for air compressor 3 is a conventional source in existing technology, which will not be elaborated or limited here. Cooling system interface 5 connects to intercooler 4. The coolant flowing in the coolant chamber of intercooler 4 exchanges heat with the air flowing in the gas chamber of intercooler 4 to change the air temperature.

[0047] S2: The air after heat exchange in the intercooler 4 is divided into three parts, so that the first part of the air enters the fuel cell pack 6 and then enters the mixing pipeline 12 through the one-way valve 16; at the same time, the second part of the air enters the dry side inlet of the humidifier 9 through the electronically controlled three-way valve 8; and at the same time, the third part of the air enters the mixing pipeline 12 through the electronically controlled three-way valve 8.

[0048] The second portion of air enters the dry-side inlet of humidifier 9, flows through the dry-side cavity pipe of humidifier 9, and is heated and humidified by the wet-side gas of humidifier 9. The humidified dry air then flows out of the dry-side outlet of humidifier 9 and into the air supply manifold of fuel cell stack air cavity 7. An air inlet pressure sensor 14 is installed on the air supply manifold of fuel cell stack air cavity 7 to measure the pressure of the humidified dry air at the inlet of fuel cell stack air cavity 7.

[0049] The humidified dry air reacts in the fuel cell stack air cavity 7, consuming some oxygen and carrying some of the liquid water and water vapor produced in the reaction. Simultaneously, it exchanges heat with the fuel cell stack air cavity 7 before being discharged from the air exhaust manifold of the fuel cell stack air cavity 7. An air exhaust pressure sensor 15 is installed on the air exhaust manifold of the fuel cell stack air cavity 7 to measure the post-reaction air pressure at the outlet of the fuel cell stack air cavity 7.

[0050] After the reaction, the air carries liquid water and water vapor. It enters the wet-side chamber of humidifier 9 through the wet-side inlet and exchanges heat and moisture with the dry-side gas, reducing the content of liquid water and water vapor, thus becoming dehumidified post-reaction air. This dehumidified post-reaction air flows out of the wet-side outlet of humidifier 9 and into flow resistance element 10. Flow resistance element 10 creates flow resistance on the post-reaction air flowing through it, causing its pressure to decrease after passing through the flow resistance element 10, resulting in depressurized post-reaction air. Flow resistance element 10 can be any non-electrically controlled element capable of generating flow resistance to the flowing gas, such as a pipe with a reduced diameter. The flow resistance generated by flow resistance element 10 must not exceed the flow resistance of the same flowing gas through the target opening of exhaust throttle valve 11, to allow for flow resistance adjustment margin in exhaust throttle valve 11.

[0051] The depressurized and dehumidified reaction air is introduced into the mixing pipeline 12 through the exhaust throttle valve 11. The exhaust throttle valve 11 is a commonly used back pressure regulating valve in the air supply system. The exhaust throttle valve 11, the air compressor 3, and the electronically controlled three-way valve 8 work together to meet the requirements of air temperature, air pressure, air flow rate, and relative humidity at the air inlet of the fuel cell stack.

[0052] S3: Three portions of air are introduced into the mixing pipeline 12, including the first portion of air (air that has passed through the intercooler 4, been heat-exchanged, entered the fuel cell pack 6, and then through the one-way valve 16 into the mixing pipeline 12), the second portion of air (air that has been depressurized and dehumidified after reaction and entered the mixing pipeline 12 through the exhaust throttle valve 11), and the third portion of air (air that has passed through the intercooler 4, been heat-exchanged, and then entered the mixing pipeline 12 through the electronically controlled three-way valve 8). The three portions of air introduced into the mixing pipeline 12 are thoroughly mixed, then passed through the muffler 13 for noise reduction, and finally discharged into the environment.

[0053] By coordinating the control of the exhaust throttle valve, air compressor, and electronically controlled three-way valve, the requirements for air temperature, air pressure, air flow rate, and relative humidity at the air inlet of the fuel cell stack are met, reducing the pressure difference between the dry and wet sides of the humidifier, thereby reducing the sensitivity of the air pressure and air flow rate at the air inlet of the fuel cell stack to the actuator action.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that a humidification bypass valve 17 is added to the hydrogen fuel cell air supply system, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the specific optimization method is as follows: In S2, the second part of the air after heat exchange in the intercooler 4 is introduced into the three-way inlet that is connected to the dry side inlet of the humidifier 9 and the inlet of the humidification bypass valve 17 through the electronically controlled three-way valve 8.

[0056] A portion of the second batch of air is introduced into the dry-side inlet of humidifier 9, and passes through the dry-side cavity piping of humidifier 9, exchanging heat and moisture with the wet-side gas of humidifier 9. The humidified dry air then flows out of the dry-side outlet of humidifier 9. The remaining portion of the second batch of air flows through bypass valve 19 of humidifier 9, and merges again with the humidified dry air at the dry-side outlet of humidifier 9, becoming combined air, which is then introduced into the air supply manifold of the fuel cell stack air cavity 7. An air inlet pressure sensor 14 is installed on the air supply manifold of the fuel cell stack air cavity 7 to measure the air pressure of the combined air at the inlet of the fuel cell stack air cavity 7. Adjusting the opening of humidifier bypass valve 17 can regulate the flow rate distribution ratio between the gas flowing through humidifier bypass valve 17 and the gas flowing through the dry side of humidifier 9.

[0057] The combined air is introduced into the air cavity 7 of the fuel cell stack to react, consuming some oxygen and carrying some of the liquid water and water vapor generated in the reaction. At the same time, it undergoes a heat exchange process with the air cavity 7 of the fuel cell stack, and then is discharged from the air exhaust manifold of the air cavity 7 of the fuel cell stack.

[0058] The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0059] Example 3

[0060] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that an intake throttle valve 18 is added to the hydrogen fuel cell air supply system, and the positions of the flow resistance element and the exhaust throttle valve 11 are adjusted, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the specific optimization method is as follows: In S2, the second part of the air is introduced into the dry side inlet of the humidifier 9 through the electronically controlled three-way valve 8, and then into the dry side cavity pipeline of the humidifier 9 to exchange heat and moisture with the wet side gas of the humidifier 9. Subsequently, the humidified dry air flows out of the dry side outlet of the humidifier 9 and into the intake throttle valve 18. The humidified dry air flowing through the intake throttle valve 18 is introduced into the air supply manifold of the fuel cell stack air cavity 7. An air inlet pressure sensor 14 is provided on the air supply manifold of the fuel cell stack air cavity 7 to measure the pressure of the humidified dry air at the inlet of the fuel cell stack air cavity 7.

[0061] The humidified dry air flowing through the intake throttle valve 18 is introduced into the fuel cell stack air cavity 7 to react, consuming some oxygen and carrying some of the liquid water and water vapor generated in the reaction. At the same time, it exchanges heat with the fuel cell stack air cavity 7 and is then discharged from the air exhaust manifold of the fuel cell stack air cavity 7.

[0062] The reacted air discharged from the air exhaust manifold of the fuel cell stack air cavity 7 is introduced into the first flow resistance element 10, causing the first flow resistance element 101 to generate flow resistance. The reacted air flowing through the first flow resistance element 101 is then introduced into the exhaust throttle valve 11. The intake throttle valve 18 serves only a sealing function and is usually fully open or fully closed, not participating in coordinated control. The first flow resistance element 101 can be any non-electrically controlled element capable of generating flow resistance to the flowing gas, such as a pipe with a reduced diameter. The flow resistance generated by the first flow resistance element 101 must not exceed the flow resistance of the same flowing gas through the target opening of the exhaust throttle valve 11, to provide a flow resistance adjustment margin for the exhaust throttle valve 11.

[0063] After reacting through the exhaust throttle valve 11, the air carrying liquid water and water vapor is introduced into the wet-side cavity of the humidifier 9 from the wet-side inlet. After exchanging heat and moisture with the dry-side gas of the humidifier 9, the liquid water and water vapor content of the reacted air decreases, becoming dehumidified reacted air. The dehumidified reacted air flows out of the wet-side outlet of the humidifier 9 and into the second flow resistance element 102. The second flow resistance element 102 creates flow resistance on the dehumidified reacted air flowing through it, causing the pressure of the dehumidified reacted air to decrease, becoming depressurized dehumidified reacted air, which is then directly introduced into the mixing pipe 12.

[0064] The second flow resistance element 102 can be any non-electrically controlled element that can generate flow resistance to the flowing gas, such as a pipe with a reduced diameter. The sum of the flow resistance generated by the second flow resistance element 102 and the flow resistance generated by the first flow resistance element 101 must not be higher than the flow resistance corresponding to the same flowing gas through the target opening of the exhaust throttle valve 11, so as to leave a flow resistance adjustment margin for the exhaust throttle valve 11.

[0065] The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0066] Example 4

[0067] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the electrically controlled three-way valve 8 is not provided in the hydrogen fuel cell air supply system, and a bypass valve 19 and an intake throttle valve 18 are added, such as... Figure 4As shown, the specific optimization method is as follows: In S2, the second part of the air is introduced into the dry side inlet of the humidifier 9 through the intake throttle valve 18; at the same time, the third part of the air is introduced into the mixing pipeline 12 through the bypass valve 19.

[0068] The second portion of air is introduced into the dry-side inlet of the humidifier 9 through the intake throttle valve 18, and then through the dry-side cavity pipe of the humidifier 9 to exchange heat and moisture with the wet-side gas of the humidifier 9. The humidified dry air then flows out of the dry-side outlet of the humidifier 9 and into the air supply manifold of the fuel cell stack air cavity 7. An air inlet pressure sensor 14 is installed on the air supply manifold of the fuel cell stack air cavity 7 to measure the pressure of the humidified dry air at the inlet of the fuel cell stack air cavity 7.

[0069] The humidified dry air is introduced into the air cavity of the fuel cell stack to react, consuming some oxygen and carrying some of the liquid water and water vapor generated in the reaction. At the same time, it exchanges heat with the air cavity of the fuel cell stack, and then it is discharged from the air exhaust manifold of the air cavity of the fuel cell stack.

[0070] The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0071] Example 5

[0072] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the humidifier 9 is not included in the hydrogen fuel cell air supply system. Figure 5 As shown, the specific optimization method is as follows: In S2, the second part of the air is introduced into the air supply manifold inlet of the air cavity 7 of the fuel cell stack through the electronically controlled three-way valve 8.

[0073] The second part of the air is introduced into the air supply manifold inlet of the fuel cell stack air cavity 7, and reacts in the fuel cell stack air cavity 7, consuming some oxygen and carrying some of the liquid water and water vapor generated in the reaction. At the same time, it undergoes a heat exchange process with the fuel cell stack air cavity 7, and then is discharged from the air discharge manifold of the fuel cell stack air cavity 7 and introduced into the flow resistance element 10.

[0074] The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0075] The above description of the embodiments is provided to enable those skilled in the art to understand and use the invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made to these embodiments, and the general principles described herein can be applied to other embodiments without inventive effort. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the scope of the invention should be within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing the flow resistance of an air supply system for a hydrogen fuel cell, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Ambient air is sequentially introduced into the air filter (1), air compressor (3) and intercooler (4) for heat exchange; S2: The air that has been heat-exchanged by S1 is divided into three parts, so that the first part of the air enters the mixing pipeline (12) through the fuel cell pack (6) and valve; at the same time, the second part of the air flows through the fuel cell stack air cavity (7), flow resistance element (10) and exhaust throttle valve (11) after passing through the electronically controlled three-way valve (8) and enters the mixing pipeline (12); at the same time, the third part of the air enters the mixing pipeline (12) through the electronically controlled three-way valve (8). Through the coordinated control of the exhaust throttle valve (11), air compressor (3) and electronically controlled three-way valve (8), the requirements of air temperature, air pressure, air flow and relative humidity at the air inlet of the fuel cell stack are met; S3: The three parts of air in S2 are finally mixed in the mixing pipeline (12), and after being reduced in noise by the silencer (13), they are discharged back into the environment; In S1, the heat exchange process specifically involves exchanging heat between the coolant flowing in the coolant cavity of the intercooler (4) and the air flowing in the gas cavity of the intercooler (4) to change the temperature of the ambient air. In S2, the valve is a one-way valve (16); the third part of the air can also flow through the bypass valve (19) into the mixing pipeline (12). In S2, the second part of the air is introduced into the air chamber (7) of the fuel cell stack after passing through the air supply manifold of the air chamber (7) of the fuel cell stack, and then discharged from the air discharge manifold of the air chamber (7) of the fuel cell stack.

2. The flow resistance optimization method for a hydrogen fuel cell air supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S1, the ambient air is filtered in the air filter (1) to remove impurities, and then passed into the air flow meter (2) to measure the air flow rate; The ambient air passing through the air flow meter (2) is heated and pressurized in the air compressor (3) and then introduced into the intercooler (4).

3. The flow resistance optimization method for a hydrogen fuel cell air supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, An air inlet pressure sensor (14) is provided on the air supply manifold of the air chamber (7) of the fuel cell stack to measure the dry air pressure or the humidified dry air pressure at the inlet of the air chamber (7) of the fuel cell stack.

4. The flow resistance optimization method for a hydrogen fuel cell air supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, An air outlet pressure sensor (15) is provided on the air outlet manifold of the fuel cell stack air cavity (7) to measure the post-reaction air pressure at the outlet of the fuel cell stack air cavity (7).

5. The flow resistance optimization method for a hydrogen fuel cell air supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S2, the flow resistance element (10) is a non-electronically controlled element that generates flow resistance to the flowing gas. The flow resistance generated by the flow resistance element (10) to the flowing gas is equal to or lower than the flow resistance of the flowing gas passing through the target opening of the exhaust throttle valve, so as to leave a flow resistance adjustment margin for the exhaust throttle valve (11).

6. The flow resistance optimization method for a hydrogen fuel cell air supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S1, the air compressor (3) is ventilated for bearings, and the bearing ventilation gas is discharged into the environment after passing through the air compressor (3).

7. The flow resistance optimization method for a hydrogen fuel cell air supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S2, the second part of the air reacts in the air cavity (7) of the fuel cell stack, consuming part of the oxygen and carrying part of the liquid water and water vapor generated by the reaction, while exchanging heat with the air cavity (7) of the fuel cell stack.

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