Switch equipment state monitoring method based on FPGA

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of switch equipment monitoring, in particular to a switch equipment state monitoring method based on an FPGA, and the method comprises the steps: S1, measuring related signals of switch equipment in a non-contact manner, and converting the related signals into voltage and current signals; the related signals comprise signals of three-phase voltage and current, circuit breaker mechanism coil current and environment temperature and humidity; s2, aiming at the voltage and current signals, carrying out data acquisition, storage and communication by an embedded algorithm based on an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) module; and S3, processing the signal after communication transmission based on a switch equipment fault judgment algorithm of the general processor, and displaying and storing a processing result. According to the collected voltage and current signals of the switch equipment, the set factory threshold and the current-time envelope line in the database, the state of the switch equipment can be monitored in real time, and the probability that the device misjudges the abnormal state of the switch equipment is effectively reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of switchgear monitoring, and in particular to a switchgear state monitoring method based on FPGA. Background Art

[0002] Switchgear primarily consists of an arc extinguishing device, an operating mechanism, an insulating platform, fiber-optic insulators, and an isolation transformer. These products possess excellent insulation, closing capacity, and mechanical performance. Switchgear plays a protective and control role in power systems, and its reliability directly impacts the safe operation of the entire power grid. Initially, power equipment maintenance involved corrective maintenance after a fault occurred, known as incident maintenance. With the increasing automation of power systems, the reliability requirements for switchgear have also increased. Switchgear contains a wealth of important information during live operation. Accurately extracting this information allows for effective monitoring of the switchgear's operating status and timely detection of faults. The collected information can also be used to assess the switchgear's status and provide timely insights into its performance, thereby improving the reliability and stability of the power system.

[0003] The existing high-voltage switch online monitoring system mainly uses various contact sensors to measure the coil voltage and current, travel curve or SF6 density and temperature of the gas chamber of the circuit breaker in the switchgear, and then sends the sensor data to the online monitoring IED, and finally summarizes it on the backend server within the station.

[0004] Existing technologies primarily use various contact sensors to measure physical quantities such as voltage, current, air pressure, and temperature in switchgear. Sensor installation requires disassembly and assembly on the primary body of the switchgear, making it difficult to upgrade existing, older substations to intelligent systems without modifying the primary body. This makes this method difficult to implement in practical engineering applications. For example, CN119291486A discloses a method for monitoring the status of high-voltage switchgear. The method includes a sensor setup step, which involves acquiring parameters of the high-voltage switchgear and, based on the acquired parameters, setting sensors corresponding to the parameters to be monitored. A data acquisition step, which involves acquiring information collected by the sensors, extracting feature points from the information, and matching the feature points with known status patterns. A state recognition step, which utilizes machine learning to train a model to identify the operating status of the high-voltage switchgear based on the feature points. Finally, a state analysis step, which determines whether an anomaly exists in the high-voltage switchgear based on the acquired operating status. If an anomaly exists, an early warning is issued. By using sensors and machine learning algorithms to identify the operating status of the high-voltage switchgear, the method overcomes the problems of inaccurate manual inspections and the limitations of infrared diagnostics, enabling accurate fault monitoring and early warning for high-voltage switchgear.

[0005] Moreover, the existing high-voltage switch online monitoring system uses a serial general-purpose processor for data acquisition and processing, which is difficult to meet the requirements of high real-time monitoring and judgment. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Aiming at the problem that the online monitoring of high-voltage switches in the prior art cannot meet the requirements of high real-time monitoring and judgment, the present invention provides a switching device status monitoring method based on FPGA.

[0007] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: A method for monitoring the state of a switching device based on FPGA, comprising the following steps: S1 measures the relevant signals of the switchgear in a non-contact manner and converts them into voltage and current signals; the relevant signals include three-phase voltage and current, circuit breaker mechanism coil current, and ambient temperature and humidity signals; S2, for voltage and current signals, uses embedded algorithms based on FPGA modules for data acquisition, storage, and communication; S3, processing the signal after communication transmission based on the switch device fault judgment algorithm of the general processor, and displaying and storing the processing results.

[0008] Preferably, in S2, the specific steps of data acquisition, storage and communication using the embedded algorithm are as follows: S21, sampling the converted voltage and current at a frequency of 100kHz through the AD sampling chip to obtain sampling point data; S22, filtering the sampling point data to obtain data to be processed; S23, classifying the data to be processed according to requirements, packaging the real-time waveform data for transmission, and storing the waveform data before and after the opening and closing moments in blocks; S24, based on the universal RS485, the level corresponding to each bit of data is processed using a "two out of three" determination method and transmitted to the subsequent liquid crystal display unit.

[0009] Preferably, in S22, a filter circuit PCB design is adopted at the hardware level; At the software level, the FPGA module in the data processing unit performs one operation on every 10 sampling points.

[0010] Preferably, in S23, the real-time waveform data includes the three-phase voltage and current of the main circuit of the switchgear and the temperature and humidity of the device; The specific steps for storing waveform data before and after the opening and closing moments in blocks are as follows: S231, set the first storage block RAM1, the second storage block RAM2 and the third storage block RAM3; S232, the data stored in the first block of storage RAM1 is updated in real time; S233, determine whether the transfer switch position node signal changes after opening and closing. If so, store the data before the signal change in the first storage block RAM1 into the second storage block RAM2 in chronological order. Otherwise, return the data to S232; S234, the data after the signal change is stored in the third storage block RAM3, and then the data in the second storage block RAM2 and the third storage block RAM3 are sent to the liquid crystal display unit in chronological order.

[0011] Preferably, in S3, the switch device fault judgment algorithm based on the general processor first determines whether an action occurs, and then performs fault judgment based on the sampled data. The specific steps are as follows: S31, the data acquisition unit continuously measures the output of the current sensor through the AD sampling circuit, uses the same average value algorithm as step 2 in the embedded software algorithm in the data acquisition processing unit, and then calculates the sampled data to obtain three corresponding sets of data; S32, the data acquisition unit determines whether the switch device is performing an opening / closing operation, performs a logical OR judgment based on the opening / closing position conversion switch of the switch device and the current of the opening / closing coil, and records the current data before and after the opening / closing operation; S33, for the current data before and after the opening and closing actions, the data is processed, analyzed and saved by combining zero drift data judgment with switch fault judgment, and displayed on the liquid crystal display unit.

[0012] Preferably, in S32, the logic or judgment includes criterion one and criterion two. When any one of the criterion is met, the data acquisition unit records the opening / closing coil current and the energy storage motor current data before and after the moment, and transmits the recorded data to the local liquid crystal display unit through a dedicated RS485 communication protocol; Among them, the first criterion is whether the switch of the switching device is changed; The second criterion is to calculate the effective value of the opening / closing coil current after the average value calculation. If the effective value exceeds the set threshold after calculation, it is determined that the switch device performs the opening / closing operation.

[0013] Preferably, the specific steps of zero drift data judgment are as follows: first, according to step S32, the effective value of the three sets of data obtained is calculated. If the effective value obtained is Greater than the set threshold , then proceed to the next step of switch fault judgment, if Less than the set threshold ,, no switch fault judgment is performed.

[0014] Preferably, in S33, the switch fault judgment includes current-time curve judgment, current effective value and peak value judgment, and first peak time judgment, and the specific judgment is as follows: In the current-time curve judgment, the data judged by zero drift data is restored to a current-time curve and compared with the envelopes of the opening current, closing current, and energy storage motor current set in the database (the envelopes are generated based on thousands of data from the switchgear factory test). If the collected current-time curve exceeds the envelope, it is judged as a corresponding current abnormality, and the time node and current value of the excess are recorded and displayed; In the current effective value and peak value judgment, the current effective value of the data will be judged by the zero drift data Perform threshold judgment. If the current exceeds the set effective value threshold, it is judged as an over-large / under-effective current fault. Perform threshold judgment. If the peak value exceeds the threshold, it is judged as a current peak too large / too small fault; In the first peak time judgment, the first peak time of the opening and closing current data will be judged by the zero drift data Perform threshold judgment. If the time exceeds the set trip time threshold, Or the gate time threshold , it is determined that the first peak time of the opening or closing current is too long, that is, the solenoid valve movement of the switching device is stuck.

[0015] A switchgear status monitoring device based on FPGA includes a sensor unit, a data acquisition and processing unit, and a liquid crystal display unit. The sensor unit integrates a Hall current sensor, a voltage sensor, and a temperature and humidity sensor, and adopts green terminal centralized wiring to obtain signals of the three-phase voltage and current of the switchgear, the coil current of the circuit breaker mechanism, and the ambient temperature and humidity, and converts the obtained signals into voltage and current signals. The data acquisition and processing unit, based on the FPGA module, collects, stores, and communicates data using an embedded algorithm for the converted voltage and current signals. The input end of the liquid crystal display unit is connected to the output end of the communication module in the data acquisition and processing unit. The liquid crystal display unit processes the signals after communication transmission using a switchgear fault judgment algorithm based on a general-purpose processor, and displays and stores the processing results.

[0016] A storage medium stores a computer program, which implements the steps of the method when executed by a processor.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention's FPGA-based switchgear status monitoring method utilizes embedded software algorithms for data acquisition, storage, and communication within a parallel FPGA chip to receive voltage and current signals from Hall effect sensors, store the analyzed and processed signals, and transmit them. The method then compares the signals with factory-set thresholds and a current-time envelope stored in a database using an algorithm for determining current faults in the opening / closing coil and energy storage motor, ultimately displaying the switchgear status information through a software interface. The data processing method utilizes a comprehensive assessment of the collected switchgear voltage and current signals, factory-set thresholds, and the current-time envelope stored in a database to monitor the switchgear's status in real time, effectively reducing the likelihood of the device misjudging abnormal switchgear status.

[0018] Furthermore, during filtering processing, not only is a filtering circuit PCB design adopted at the hardware level, but filtering is also implemented through algorithms at the software level, greatly reducing external interference during data acquisition.

[0019] Furthermore, in order to enhance the anti-interference capability during communication, the precise and high-accuracy characteristics of FPGA timing control are fully utilized during data communication. Through the embedded programming of the state machine, a "three-out-two" judgment method is adopted for the level corresponding to each bit of data on the basis of the general RS485, which significantly reduces the interference of glitch signals on the data.

[0020] The present invention discloses an FPGA-based switchgear status monitoring device comprising a data acquisition and processing unit, a sensor unit, and a liquid crystal display unit. The sensor unit utilizes an integrated design, integrating a Hall effect current sensor, a voltage sensor, and a temperature and humidity sensor into a single module. Using green terminals for centralized wiring, it non-contactly measures the switchgear's three-phase voltage and current, the circuit breaker mechanism coil current, and the ambient temperature and humidity signals, converting them into voltage and current signals. The data acquisition and processing unit consists of a data processing module (FPGA), a signal acquisition module, and a communication module. The signal acquisition module samples the voltage and current signals from the sensor unit at a frequency of up to 100kHz using an AD sampling chip. The data processing module (FPGA) filters, stores, and packages the sampled signals for analysis. The communication module then transmits the analyzed and processed data in real time to the liquid crystal display unit via a cable or optical fiber. The liquid crystal display unit converts the received packaged data into the switchgear's primary signal, compares and analyzes the primary signal with standard factory data pre-stored in a database, and ultimately displays the switchgear's primary signal waveform and status analysis results through a software interface, enabling on-site monitoring of the switchgear's status and human-computer interaction. Substation operators can use the local LCD screen to view the status of switchgear in real time, analyze historical data, browse fault alarm records, and copy data. If necessary, the data on the LCD screen can also be transmitted to the backend system via cables, optical fibers, or network cables, and then aggregated on the station's backend server. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of a switching device status monitoring method based on FPGA of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a flow chart of an embedded software algorithm in a FPGA-based switchgear status monitoring method of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a flow chart of a general-purpose processor-based switching device fault judgment algorithm in a FPGA-based switching device status monitoring method of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a switching device status monitoring device based on FPGA of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments, which are intended to explain the present invention rather than to limit it.

[0023] The present invention discloses a method for monitoring the state of a switchgear based on FPGA. Figure 1 , including the following steps: S1 measures the three-phase voltage and current of the switchgear, the circuit breaker mechanism coil current, and the ambient temperature and humidity signals in a non-contact manner, and converts the received signals into voltage and current signals; S2, based on the FPGA module, uses embedded algorithms to collect, store, and communicate data for the converted voltage and current signals. The specific steps are as follows: S21, sampling the converted voltage and current at a frequency of 100kHz through the AD sampling chip to obtain sampling point data; S22 filters the sampled data to obtain the data to be processed. At the hardware level, a filtering circuit PCB design is employed. At the software level, the FPGA module in the data processing unit performs an operation on every 10 sampled data points. For example, using the phase A voltage in the switchgear, the maximum and minimum values ​​of the 10 sampled data points are discarded and the average value is taken. After filtering, the device sampling rate is 10kHz.

[0024] The formula for calculating the average value is: , In the formula, I a is the average current, I a [ i ] is the first i Current sampling value, I max is the maximum current sampling value, I minis the minimum current sampling value.

[0025] S23, classify the data to be processed according to the requirements, package the real-time waveform data (including the three-phase voltage and current of the main circuit of the switchgear and the temperature and humidity of the device) and wait for sending, and store the waveform data before and after the opening and closing moments in blocks, refer to Figure 2 , the specific steps are as follows: S231, set the first storage block RAM1, the second storage block RAM2 and the third storage block RAM3; S232, the data stored in the first block of storage RAM1 is updated in real time; S233, determine whether the transfer switch position node signal changes after opening and closing. If so, store the data before the signal change in the first storage block RAM1 into the second storage block RAM2 in chronological order. Otherwise, return the data to S232; S234, the data after the signal change is stored in the third storage block RAM3, and then the data in the second storage block RAM2 and the third storage block RAM3 are sent to the liquid crystal display unit in chronological order.

[0026] For example, for data such as the opening and closing coil current and the energy storage motor current that need to be further processed (the waveforms before and after the opening and closing moments need to be collected) and stored, first set up multiple storage blocks of RAM1, RAM2, and RAM3. The 1,000 data stored in RAM1 are updated in real time. When the switch position node signal changes after opening and closing, the 1,000 data in RAM1 before the signal change are stored in RAM2 in chronological order, and the 3,000 data after the signal change are stored in RAM3, thus realizing the storage of waveform data before and after the opening and closing moments.

[0027] S24 uses a "two out of three" method based on the universal RS485 protocol to determine the level of each bit of data and transmits it to the subsequent LCD display unit. After receiving the host computer command, the communication module sends the calculated and stored data to the LCD display unit. RS485 communication is used between the data acquisition and processing unit and the LCD display unit.

[0028] S3, the liquid crystal display unit processes the signal after communication transmission based on the switch device fault judgment algorithm of the general processor, and displays and stores the processing result.

[0029] Among them, the switching device fault judgment algorithm based on a general-purpose processor first determines whether an action has occurred, and then combines the sampling data to make a fault judgment. This is because the fault is comprehensively judged by combining the opening / closing coil, energy storage motor, and switch position node data. The opening / closing action of the switching device occurs when the system fails, the equipment is switched on and off, and maintenance occurs, resulting in data gaps.

[0030] Reference Figure 3 ,The specific steps of the switch device fault judgment algorithm based on a general-purpose processor are as follows: In step S31, the data acquisition unit continuously measures the current sensor output via the AD sampling circuit. Using the same averaging algorithm as in step 2 of the embedded software algorithm in the data acquisition and processing unit, the sampled data is then calculated to produce three corresponding sets of data. This is because the opening / closing time of the switchgear is inconsistent with the operating time of the energy storage motor, and the sampling rates of the opening / closing coil current and the energy storage motor current are also different.

[0031] S32, the data acquisition unit determines whether the switch device performs an opening / closing operation, performs a logical OR judgment through the opening / closing position conversion switch of the switch device and the opening / closing coil current, and records the current data before and after the opening / closing action.

[0032] The logic or judgment includes criterion one and criterion two. When any criterion is established, the data acquisition unit records the opening / closing coil current and energy storage motor current data before and after that moment, and transmits the recorded data to the local LCD display unit through a dedicated RS485 communication protocol.

[0033] Among them, the first criterion is whether the switch of the switching device is changed; The second criterion is to calculate the effective value of the opening / closing coil current after the average value calculation. If the effective value exceeds the set threshold after calculation, it is determined that the switch device performs the opening / closing operation.

[0034] The formula for calculating the effective value is:

[0035] In the formula, T is the calculation cycle, Im is the mth current value in the calculation cycle, is the time interval between each two current values, N is the number of current values ​​within the calculation cycle.

[0036] The calculation cycle is configured according to the mechanical characteristic parameters of the switchgear.

[0037] S33, for the current data before and after the opening and closing actions, the data is processed, analyzed and saved by combining zero drift data judgment with switch fault judgment, and displayed on the liquid crystal display unit.

[0038] The LCD unit converts the received three sets of data, namely, the opening coil current, the closing coil current, and the energy storage motor current, into waveforms and displays them on the screen, and saves them in CSV format. Since the three sets of data may be zero drift during the opening / closing of the switchgear, the effective value calculation is performed according to step 2. If the effective value of the data set is Greater than the set threshold , then proceed to the next step of switch fault judgment, such as Less than the set threshold ,, then no switch fault judgment is performed, thus effectively avoiding misjudgment.

[0039] Switch fault judgment includes current-time curve judgment, current effective value and peak value judgment, and first peak time judgment. The specific judgment is as follows: In the current-time curve judgment, the data judged by zero drift data is restored to a current-time curve and compared with the envelopes of the opening current, closing current, and energy storage motor current set in the database (the envelopes are generated based on thousands of data from the switchgear factory test). If the collected current-time curve exceeds the envelope, it is judged as a corresponding current abnormality, and the time node and current value of the excess are recorded and displayed; In the current effective value and peak value judgment, the current effective value of the data will be judged by the zero drift data Perform threshold judgment. If the current exceeds the set effective value threshold, it is judged as an over-large / under-effective current fault. Perform threshold judgment. If the peak value exceeds the threshold, it is judged as a current peak too large / too small fault; In the first peak time judgment, the first peak time of the opening and closing current data will be judged by the zero drift data Perform threshold judgment. If the time exceeds the set trip time threshold, Or the gate time threshold , determining that the first peak duration of the opening or closing current is excessive, indicating a solenoid valve jam in the switchgear. All three types of switchgear fault information are recorded on the fault display interface and the data is saved on the LCD for viewing by maintenance personnel.

[0040] Most existing online monitoring systems require the installation of a tachometer. For the application scenario of intelligent upgrading and transformation of old stations, the installation of the tachometer requires the disassembly and assembly of the primary body of the circuit breaker and the installation of the bracket. In addition, most tachometers are installed in contact, which brings operation and maintenance risks to the performance of the circuit breaker. Therefore, there is great resistance to project implementation, and relatively few projects are successfully implemented. Since the present invention does not require the installation of a tachometer, it only requires the installation of an acquisition unit, an open Hall current sensor, a voltage sensor, and a switch quantity monitor in the control cabinet, and an on-site display screen on the door panel of the control cabinet. The circuit breaker body does not need to be disassembled and assembled, and the system structure is simple, and installation and debugging are convenient. At the same time, the device described in the present invention uses parallel FPGA chips for data acquisition and processing, and serial general-purpose processor chips for waveform display and fault judgment, fully combining the advantages of high real-time performance of FPGA and strong data processing capabilities of general-purpose processors to achieve real-time monitoring and accurate judgment of the status of switching equipment.

[0041] The key point of the present invention's FPGA-based switchgear status monitoring method lies in the data processing algorithm for online monitoring of the switchgear status. The algorithm includes FPGA-based embedded software algorithms for data acquisition, storage, and communication, and a general-purpose processor-based algorithm for determining the current fault of the opening / closing coil and energy storage motor. The FPGA-based embedded software algorithms for data acquisition, storage, and communication implement high-real-time and high-accuracy sampling and filtering, utilize multiple RAM memories to store waveform data before and after the opening and closing moments, and employ a proprietary anti-interference RS485 communication protocol using a "two out of three" determination method. The switch fault determination algorithm implemented based on the general-purpose processor first determines whether the circuit breaker is operating normally based on the change in the opening and closing position of the switchgear or the effective value of the opening and closing coil current, and then determines the specific switch fault category based on the current-time curve of the opening and closing coil and energy storage motor, the current effective value peak value, the time of the first peak value, and the set threshold.

[0042] The present invention also discloses a switchgear state monitoring device based on FPGA, referring to Figure 4 , including a sensor unit, a data acquisition and processing unit, and a liquid crystal display unit. The sensor unit integrates a Hall current sensor, a voltage sensor, and a temperature and humidity sensor, and uses green terminals for centralized wiring. It is used to obtain signals of the three-phase voltage and current of the switchgear, the coil current of the circuit breaker mechanism, and the ambient temperature and humidity, and convert the obtained signals into voltage and current signals; the data acquisition and processing unit includes a signal acquisition module, a data processing module, and a communication module connected in sequence. The input end of the signal acquisition module is connected to the output end of the sensor unit. The signal acquisition module samples the voltage and current signals from the sensor unit at a frequency of up to 100kHz through an AD sampling chip. The data processing module (FPGA) filters, stores, and packages the sampled signals for analysis and processing. The communication module transmits the analyzed and processed data to the liquid crystal display unit in real time via a cable or optical fiber; the input end of the liquid crystal display unit is connected to the output end of the communication module. The liquid crystal display unit restores the received packaged data into the primary signal of the switchgear, compares and analyzes the primary signal with the standard factory data pre-stored in the database, and displays the primary signal waveform and status analysis results of the switchgear through the software interface.

[0043] In the device architecture, the data sampling function is realized through an integrated sensor unit, while the data processing function is realized through the design architecture of FPGA+general-purpose processor. FPGA devices are a semi-custom circuit in application-specific integrated circuits. They are programmable logic arrays with the advantages of high accuracy, high real-time performance and the ability to execute tasks in parallel. They can greatly improve R&D efficiency while meeting requirements. Parallel FPGA chips are used for data acquisition and processing, and serial general-purpose processor chips are used for waveform display and fault judgment. This fully combines the advantages of high real-time performance of FPGA and strong data processing capabilities of general-purpose processors to achieve real-time monitoring and accurate judgment of the status of switching equipment.

[0044] In order to save costs, the LCD screen of the switch device can be cancelled, and the signal of the data acquisition unit can be transmitted to the background server through optical fiber or serial port. The signals of all data acquisition units in the substation are received, and the background server uses algorithms to analyze and judge faults, and displays them uniformly.

[0045] The present invention also discloses a storage medium on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method described are implemented.

[0046] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to impose any limitation on the technical solution of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that, without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention, the technical solution can also be subjected to several simple modifications and replacements, and these modifications and replacements are also within the scope of protection covered by the claims.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring the state of a switching device based on FPGA, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1 measures the relevant signals of the switchgear in a non-contact manner and converts them into voltage and current signals; the relevant signals include three-phase voltage and current, circuit breaker mechanism coil current, and ambient temperature and humidity signals; S2, for voltage and current signals, uses embedded algorithms based on FPGA modules for data acquisition, storage, and communication; S3, processing the signal after communication transmission based on the switch device fault judgment algorithm of the general processor, and displaying and storing the processing results.

2. The FPGA-based switchgear status monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, the specific steps for data acquisition, storage, and communication using embedded algorithms are as follows: S21, sampling the converted voltage and current at a frequency of 100kHz through the AD sampling chip to obtain sampling point data; S22, filtering the sampling point data to obtain data to be processed; S23, classifying the data to be processed according to requirements, packaging the real-time waveform data for transmission, and storing the waveform data before and after the opening and closing moments in blocks; S24, based on the universal RS485, the level corresponding to each bit of data is processed using a "two out of three" determination method and transmitted to the subsequent liquid crystal display unit.

3. The FPGA-based switchgear status monitoring method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In S22, a filter circuit PCB design is adopted at the hardware level; At the software level, the FPGA module in the data processing unit performs one operation on every 10 sampling points.

4. The FPGA-based switchgear status monitoring method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In S23, the real-time waveform data includes the three-phase voltage and current of the main circuit of the switchgear and the temperature and humidity of the device; The specific steps for storing waveform data before and after the opening and closing moments in blocks are as follows: S231, set the first storage block RAM1, the second storage block RAM2 and the third storage block RAM3; S232, the data stored in the first block of storage RAM1 is updated in real time; S233, determine whether the transfer switch position node signal changes after opening and closing. If so, store the data before the signal change in the first storage block RAM1 into the second storage block RAM2 in chronological order. Otherwise, return the data to S232; S234, the data after the signal change is stored in the third storage block RAM3, and then the data in the second storage block RAM2 and the third storage block RAM3 are sent to the liquid crystal display unit in chronological order.

5. The FPGA-based switchgear status monitoring method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In S3, the general-purpose processor-based switch device fault judgment algorithm first determines whether an action has occurred, and then combines the sampled data to make a fault judgment. The specific steps are as follows: S31, the data acquisition unit continuously measures the output of the current sensor through the AD sampling circuit, uses the same average value algorithm as step 2 in the embedded software algorithm in the data acquisition processing unit, and then calculates the sampled data to obtain three corresponding sets of data; S32, the data acquisition unit determines whether the switch device is performing an opening / closing operation, performs a logical OR judgment based on the opening / closing position conversion switch of the switch device and the current of the opening / closing coil, and records the current data before and after the opening / closing operation; S33, for the current data before and after the opening and closing actions, the data is processed, analyzed and saved by combining zero drift data judgment with switch fault judgment, and displayed on the liquid crystal display unit.

6. The FPGA-based switchgear status monitoring method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In S32, the logic or judgment includes criterion 1 and criterion 2. When any of the criterion is met, the data acquisition unit records the opening / closing coil current and energy storage motor current data before and after the moment, and transmits the recorded data to the local LCD display unit via a dedicated RS485 communication protocol; Among them, the first criterion is whether the switch of the switching device is changed; The second criterion is to calculate the effective value of the opening / closing coil current after the average value calculation. If the effective value exceeds the set threshold after calculation, it is determined that the switch device performs the opening / closing operation.

7. The FPGA-based switchgear status monitoring method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In S33, the specific steps of zero drift data judgment are as follows: First, according to the steps of S32, the effective value of the three sets of data obtained is calculated. If the effective value obtained is Greater than the set threshold , then proceed to the next step of switch fault judgment, if Less than the set threshold ,, no switch fault judgment is performed.

8. The FPGA-based switchgear status monitoring method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In S33, the switch fault judgment includes current-time curve judgment, current effective value and peak value judgment, and first peak time judgment. The specific judgment is as follows: In the current-time curve judgment, the data judged by zero drift data is restored to a current-time curve and compared with the envelopes of the opening current, closing current, and energy storage motor current set in the database (the envelopes are generated based on thousands of data from the switchgear factory test). If the collected current-time curve exceeds the envelope, it is judged as a corresponding current abnormality, and the time node and current value of the excess are recorded and displayed; In the current effective value and peak value judgment, the current effective value of the data will be judged by the zero drift data Perform threshold judgment. If the current exceeds the set effective value threshold, it is judged as an over-large / under-effective current fault. Perform threshold judgment. If the peak value exceeds the threshold, it is judged as a current peak too large / too small fault; In the first peak time judgment, the first peak time of the opening and closing current data will be judged by the zero drift data Perform threshold judgment. If the time exceeds the set trip time threshold, Or the gate time threshold , it is determined that the first peak time of the opening or closing current is too long, that is, the solenoid valve movement of the switching device is stuck.

9. A switching device status monitoring device based on FPGA, characterized in that: It includes a sensor unit, a data acquisition and processing unit and a liquid crystal display unit. The sensor unit integrates a Hall current sensor, a voltage sensor and a temperature and humidity sensor, and adopts green terminal centralized wiring to obtain the three-phase voltage and current of the switching device, the circuit breaker mechanism coil current, and the ambient temperature and humidity signals, and converts the acquired signals into voltage and current signals; the data acquisition and processing unit is based on the FPGA module. The data processing unit uses an embedded algorithm to collect, store and communicate data for the converted voltage and current signals; the input end of the liquid crystal display unit is connected to the output end of the communication module in the data acquisition and processing unit. The liquid crystal display unit processes the signal after communication transmission based on the switch device fault judgment algorithm of the general processor, and displays and stores the processing results.

10. A storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 are implemented.

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