Spine post-operation upright hypotension volume management method, system and terminal

Abstract

The invention discloses a spinal post-operation erect hypotension volume management method and system and a terminal. The method comprises the steps that individual physiological features, preoperative evaluation data, intraoperative monitoring data and post-operation monitoring data of a target patient are obtained; constructing an artificial intelligence model, and training, verifying and testing the artificial intelligence model to obtain a target evaluation model; inputting the preoperative evaluation data, the intraoperative monitoring data and the postoperative monitoring data into a target evaluation model for evaluation to obtain a risk probability; according to the individual physiological features, the preoperative evaluation data, the intraoperative monitoring data and the risk probability, making a personalized fluid infusion management scheme for the target patient; according to the fluid infusion management scheme, fluid infusion is conducted on the target patient, the patient condition is monitored in real time, and early warning information is sent out to take first-aid measures. Multi-source data are fused, the occurrence risk of the erect hypotension of the patient is evaluated and managed in real time, fluid infusion management is enhanced, and fluid infusion efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of data processing, and in particular to a method, system, terminal and computer-readable storage medium for volume management of orthostatic hypotension after spinal surgery. Background Art

[0002] Orthostatic hypotension (OH) after spinal surgery is a common complication, particularly in elderly patients or those with underlying medical conditions. The incidence of OH during the first postoperative ambulation after spinal surgery is as high as 40%-60% due to factors such as intraoperative blood loss, anesthetic suppression (such as opioid analgesia), and preoperative fasting. Traditional volume management relies on empirical fluid administration and lacks dynamic assessment, which can easily lead to either over- or under-hydration (pulmonary edema) or under-hydration (persistent hypotension).

[0003] However, hospitals currently lag behind in monitoring patients after spinal surgery. Existing monitors only provide blood pressure data at a single time point and cannot predict hemodynamic fluctuations after changes in body position. Secondly, nurses currently need to manually calculate the amount of fluid to be administered, which is inefficient and prone to errors. Moreover, the fluid administration plan does not take into account the characteristics of spinal surgery, resulting in a single decision and insufficient reliability.

[0004] Therefore, the existing technology still needs to be improved and developed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a method, system, terminal and computer-readable storage medium for volume management of orthostatic hypotension after spinal surgery, aiming to solve the problems in the existing technology of lag in monitoring patients after spinal surgery, inability to predict hemodynamic fluctuations after changes in body position, and the current problem that nurses need to manually calculate the amount of fluid to be replenished, which is inefficient and prone to errors.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a method for volume management of orthostatic hypotension after spinal surgery, the method comprising the following steps:

[0007] Obtain individual physiological characteristics, preoperative assessment data, intraoperative monitoring data, and postoperative monitoring data of target patients;

[0008] Building an artificial intelligence model, training, validating, and testing the artificial intelligence model to obtain a target evaluation model;

[0009] Inputting the preoperative assessment data, the intraoperative monitoring data, and the postoperative monitoring data into the target assessment model for evaluation to obtain a risk probability;

[0010] Formulate a personalized fluid management plan for the target patient based on the individual physiological characteristics, the preoperative assessment data, the intraoperative monitoring data, and the risk probability;

[0011] When the target patient is being rehydrated according to the rehydration management plan, the patient's vital signs and intake and output data are monitored in real time. When the vital signs or the intake and output data are abnormal, an early warning message is issued to prompt the nurse to take corresponding emergency measures.

[0012] Optionally, in the method for volume management of orthostatic hypotension after spinal surgery, the individual physiological characteristics include the target patient's age, body mass index, and medical history information;

[0013] The preoperative assessment data include blood volume, liver and kidney function, water and electrolyte balance, cardiovascular function assessment results, nutritional status and physical reserve capacity;

[0014] The intraoperative monitoring data includes anesthesia records, surgery-related information, and intraoperative vital sign monitoring data;

[0015] The postoperative monitoring data include vital sign data, vital sign data, orthostatic hypotension-related symptoms and sign change data.

[0016] Optionally, the method for volume management of orthostatic hypotension after spinal surgery, wherein the step of constructing an artificial intelligence model, training, validating, and testing the artificial intelligence model to obtain a target assessment model, specifically includes:

[0017] Building an artificial intelligence model based on a bidirectional LSTM network, the artificial intelligence model includes an input preprocessing module, a bidirectional LSTM feature extraction module, a dynamic attention weight module, a multi-task collaborative evaluation module and an output module;

[0018] Collecting historical preoperative assessment data, historical intraoperative monitoring data, and historical postoperative monitoring data as a data set, and dividing the data set into a training set, a validation set, and a test set according to a preset ratio;

[0019] Use the training set to train the artificial intelligence model, adjust the parameters of the artificial intelligence model to obtain a trained model, use the validation set to evaluate and optimize the trained model to obtain an optimized model, and use the test set to perform a final evaluation on the optimized model to obtain a target evaluation model.

[0020] Optionally, the method for volume management of orthostatic hypotension after spinal surgery, wherein the preoperative assessment data, the intraoperative monitoring data, and the postoperative monitoring data are input into the target assessment model for assessment to obtain the risk probability, specifically includes:

[0021] Inputting the preoperative evaluation data, the intraoperative monitoring data, and the postoperative monitoring data into the input preprocessing module for sliding window dynamic segmentation and injection of temporal noise to obtain enhanced data;

[0022] Inputting the enhanced data into the bottom LSTM layer and the top LSTM layer of the bidirectional LSTM feature extraction module to extract local time series features and global trend features respectively, and fusing the local time series features and the global trend features through a gating mechanism to obtain time series features;

[0023] Inputting the temporal features into the dynamic attention weight module, adding content attention and position attention to the temporal features using dynamic weights, and obtaining key temporal features;

[0024] Input the key time series features into the multi-task collaborative evaluation module for classification evaluation to obtain a first evaluation result of the current time step, and predict the next time step data through the auxiliary task, and use the next time step data to constrain the first evaluation result to obtain a second evaluation result;

[0025] The second assessment result is input into the output module for output standardization processing, and the second assessment result is mapped to a specified interval to obtain a risk probability.

[0026] Optionally, in the volume management method for orthostatic hypotension after spinal surgery, the fluid management plan includes a low-risk fluid management plan, a medium-risk fluid management plan, and a high-risk fluid management plan;

[0027] The formulating of a personalized fluid replacement management plan for the target patient based on the individual physiological characteristics, the preoperative assessment data, the intraoperative monitoring data, and the risk probability specifically includes:

[0028] Obtaining age, body mass index, and medical history information from the individual's physiological characteristics, obtaining blood volume and liver and kidney function status from the preoperative assessment data, and obtaining surgery-related information from the intraoperative monitoring data;

[0029] If the risk probability is lower than or equal to a first threshold, the blood volume is normal, the liver and kidney function are normal, and there is no history of autonomic dysfunction in the medical history information, a low-risk fluid management plan is formulated for the target patient;

[0030] If the risk probability is higher than the first threshold and lower than the second threshold, and the age is greater than the preset age threshold, the body mass index is greater than the preset body mass index threshold, there is a history of diabetes in the medical history information, the blood volume condition is abnormal, or the intraoperative blood volume is abnormal in the surgery-related information, then a medium-risk fluid rehydration management plan is formulated for the target patient;

[0031] If the risk probability is higher than or equal to the second threshold, and the blood volume condition is abnormal, the liver and kidney function status is abnormal, the cardiac rate in the surgery-related information is lower than the preset frequency threshold, or the intraoperative hemodynamics in the surgery-related information is unstable, a high-risk fluid management plan is formulated for the target patient.

[0032] Optionally, the volume management method for orthostatic hypotension after spinal surgery, wherein, during the process of administering fluid to the target patient according to the fluid administration plan, the patient's vital signs and intake and output data are monitored in real time, and when the vital signs or the intake and output data are abnormal, an early warning message is issued to prompt a nurse to take corresponding emergency measures, specifically including:

[0033] If the fluid infusion management plan is a low-risk fluid infusion management plan, the fluid infusion type is set to conventional crystalloid solution, a first conventional crystalloid solution volume required daily is calculated according to the weight of the target patient, and after the operation is completed, the first conventional crystalloid solution volume is infused into the target patient at a first uniform speed;

[0034] monitoring the target patient's blood pressure, heart rate, urine volume, and the blood pressure difference between supine and standing positions when the patient first gets out of bed at a first monitoring frequency, and initiating a first emergency measure if the monitoring results are abnormal;

[0035] If the fluid infusion management plan is a medium-risk fluid infusion management plan, the fluid infusion type is set to conventional crystalloid solution and colloid solution, the second conventional crystalloid solution volume and the first colloid solution volume required daily are calculated according to the weight of the target patient, and within a preset time period after the end of the operation, the second conventional crystalloid solution volume and the first colloid solution volume are infused into the target patient at a second uniform speed. After the preset time period, the second conventional crystalloid solution volume and the first colloid solution volume are infused into the target patient at the first uniform speed.

[0036] monitoring the target patient's blood pressure, heart rate variability, daily assessed hematocrit, and supine-standing blood pressure difference when first getting out of bed at a second monitoring frequency, and initiating a second emergency measure if any monitoring result is abnormal;

[0037] If the fluid infusion management plan is a high-risk fluid infusion management plan, the fluid infusion type is set to conventional crystalloid solution and colloid solution, the third conventional crystalloid solution volume and the second colloid solution volume required daily are calculated according to the weight of the target patient, and after the operation is completed, the third conventional crystalloid solution volume and the second colloid solution volume are infused into the target patient at a third uniform speed;

[0038] If the mean arterial pressure of the target patient after fluid infusion is lower than a preset arterial pressure threshold, norepinephrine is administered to the target patient; if the cardiac rate of the target patient after fluid infusion is lower than a preset frequency threshold, atropine is administered intravenously to the target patient;

[0039] The central venous pressure, arterial blood lactate, urine volume and changes in vena cava diameter of the target patient are monitored at a third monitoring frequency. If the monitoring results are abnormal, the third emergency measure is initiated.

[0040] Optionally, the method for volume management of orthostatic hypotension after spinal surgery further comprises:

[0041] The risk probability, vital signs and intake and output data of the target patient are visualized in the form of charts and graphs in the HIS system and various mobile terminals.

[0042] In addition, to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention further provides a volume management system for orthostatic hypotension after spinal surgery, wherein the volume management system for orthostatic hypotension after spinal surgery comprises:

[0043] Patient data collection module, used to obtain individual physiological characteristics, preoperative assessment data, intraoperative monitoring data and postoperative monitoring data of target patients;

[0044] An intelligent model building module is used to build an artificial intelligence model, train, verify and test the artificial intelligence model, and obtain a target evaluation model;

[0045] a risk probability assessment module, configured to input the preoperative assessment data, the intraoperative monitoring data, and the postoperative monitoring data into the target assessment model for assessment to obtain a risk probability;

[0046] a fluid infusion plan formulation module, configured to formulate a personalized fluid infusion management plan for the target patient based on the individual physiological characteristics, the preoperative assessment data, the intraoperative monitoring data, and the risk probability;

[0047] The execution and monitoring module is used to monitor the patient's vital signs and intake and output data in real time during the process of rehydrating the target patient according to the rehydration management plan. When the vital signs or the intake and output data are abnormal, an early warning message is issued to prompt the nurse to take corresponding emergency measures.

[0048] In addition, to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention also provides a terminal, wherein the terminal includes: a memory, a processor, and a volume management program for orthostatic hypotension after spinal surgery stored on the memory and runnable on the processor, and when the volume management program for orthostatic hypotension after spinal surgery is executed by the processor, the steps of the volume management method for orthostatic hypotension after spinal surgery as described above are implemented.

[0049] In addition, to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores a volume management program for orthostatic hypotension after spinal surgery, and when the volume management program for orthostatic hypotension after spinal surgery is executed by a processor, the steps of the volume management method for orthostatic hypotension after spinal surgery as described above are implemented.

[0050] In the present invention, the individual physiological characteristics, preoperative assessment data, intraoperative monitoring data and postoperative monitoring data of the target patient are obtained; an artificial intelligence model is constructed, and the artificial intelligence model is trained, verified and tested to obtain a target assessment model; the preoperative assessment data, intraoperative monitoring data and postoperative monitoring data are input into the target assessment model for evaluation to obtain a risk probability; based on the individual physiological characteristics, preoperative assessment data, intraoperative monitoring data and risk probability, combined with clinical guidelines and expert experience, a personalized fluid replacement management plan is formulated for the target patient; the target patient is rehydrated according to the fluid replacement management plan, and the patient's condition is monitored in real time and early warning information is issued to take emergency measures. The present invention integrates multi-source data, performs real-time evaluation and management of the patient's risk of orthostatic hypotension, strengthens fluid replacement management, and improves fluid replacement efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0051] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of a preferred embodiment of the method for volume management of orthostatic hypotension after spinal surgery of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of a preferred embodiment of the volume management system for orthostatic hypotension after spinal surgery of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 3 FIG. 4 is a structural diagram of a preferred embodiment of the terminal of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] This application provides a method, system, and terminal for volume management of orthostatic hypotension after spinal surgery. To clarify the purpose, technical solutions, and effects of this application, the application is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific examples described herein are intended only to illustrate this application and are not intended to limit it.

[0055] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs. It should also be understood that terms such as those defined in common dictionaries should be understood to have meanings consistent with their meanings in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless specifically defined as herein.

[0056] In addition, if there are descriptions involving "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present invention, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. are only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features specified as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the fact that ordinary technicians in this field can implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0057] The method for volume management of orthostatic hypotension after spinal surgery according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is as follows: Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the method for volume management of orthostatic hypotension after spinal surgery includes the following steps:

[0058] Step S10: Acquire individual physiological characteristics, preoperative assessment data, intraoperative monitoring data, and postoperative monitoring data of the target patient.

[0059] Specifically, individual physiological characteristics of the target patient are obtained for evaluating the patient's physiological state and fluid replacement volume requirements, wherein the individual physiological characteristics include the target patient's age, body mass index, and medical history information.

[0060] Among them, the body mass index (BMI, a commonly used method to assess the body's fatness and health status) is calculated based on the patient's height and weight; medical history information includes whether there are chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, as well as previous surgical history, allergy history, etc. These factors may affect the patient's circulatory function and volume regulation ability.

[0061] Furthermore, the preoperative assessment data include blood volume, liver and kidney function status, water and electrolyte balance, cardiovascular function assessment results, nutritional status and physical reserve capacity.

[0062] It is understandable that the preoperative assessment data are laboratory test results, such as blood routine (hemoglobin, hematocrit, etc.), coagulation function, liver and kidney function, electrolyte levels, etc., to understand the patient's blood concentration, liver and kidney function status, and water and electrolyte balance. Cardiovascular function assessment, such as electrocardiogram (ECG), cardiac ultrasound (ECHO) and other test results, assess the patient's heart structure and function, and determine whether there are potential cardiovascular problems. Living habits and nutritional status surveys, understand the patient's daily diet, exercise habits, smoking and drinking history, etc., to assess the patient's nutritional status and physical reserve capacity.

[0063] Furthermore, the intraoperative monitoring data includes anesthesia records, surgery-related information and intraoperative vital signs monitoring data. In this embodiment, the anesthesia record includes information such as the anesthesia method, the dosage of anesthetic drugs used, and the anesthesia time, and analyzes the impact of anesthesia on the patient's circulatory system. Surgery-related information, such as operation time, blood loss, infusion volume, blood transfusion volume, etc., accurately calculates the intraoperative fluid balance. Intraoperative vital signs monitoring data, such as blood pressure, heart rate, central venous pressure (CVP), etc., are used to understand the patient's circulatory status changes during the operation in real time.

[0064] Furthermore, the postoperative monitoring data includes vital sign data, vital sign data, orthostatic hypotension-related symptoms and sign change data. In this embodiment, the patient's blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, blood oxygen saturation, etc. are continuously monitored to promptly detect abnormal fluctuations in vital signs. Intake and output records record in detail the patient's daily infusion volume, water intake, urine volume, vomitus volume, drainage volume, etc., to accurately assess the patient's fluid intake and output balance. Symptom and sign observation records whether the patient has dizziness, fatigue, palpitations, sweating and other symptoms related to orthostatic hypotension, as well as changes in complexion, skin temperature, conjunctival congestion and other signs.

[0065] Step S20: construct an artificial intelligence model, train, verify and test the artificial intelligence model to obtain a target evaluation model.

[0066] Specifically, an artificial intelligence model is built based on a bidirectional LSTM network (Long Short-Term Memory). The bidirectional LSTM network has advantages in processing data with time series characteristics and can better capture the dynamic changes in patients' physiological data after surgery, thereby more accurately predicting the risk of orthostatic hypotension.

[0067] In this embodiment, the artificial intelligence model includes an input preprocessing module, a bidirectional LSTM feature extraction module, a dynamic attention weight module, a multi-task collaborative evaluation module and an output module.

[0068] Furthermore, the training, verification and testing of the artificial intelligence model includes: collecting historical preoperative evaluation data, historical intraoperative monitoring data and historical postoperative monitoring data as a data set, and dividing the data set into a training set, a verification set and a test set according to a preset ratio; using the training set to train the artificial intelligence model, adjusting the parameters of the artificial intelligence model to obtain a trained model, using the verification set to evaluate and optimize the trained model to obtain an optimized model, and using the test set to perform a final evaluation on the optimized model to obtain a target evaluation model.

[0069] It is understandable that in this embodiment, a large amount of clinical data of patients after spinal surgery are collected as a training set, and the data are divided into a training set, a validation set, and a test set according to a certain ratio. The selected artificial intelligence model is trained using the training set, and the parameters of the model are adjusted to minimize the difference between the predicted results and the actual results. During the training process, cross-validation and other techniques are used to prevent model overfitting and improve the stability and reliability of the model. The trained model is evaluated and optimized using the validation set, and the hyperparameters of the model are adjusted according to evaluation indicators (such as accuracy, recall rate, F1 value, mean square error, etc.) until the model performance reaches the optimal state. Finally, the optimized model is finally evaluated using the test set to ensure that the model has good predictive ability on unseen data.

[0070] Step S30: input the preoperative evaluation data, the intraoperative monitoring data, and the postoperative monitoring data into the target evaluation model for evaluation to obtain a risk probability.

[0071] Specifically, the preoperative evaluation data, the intraoperative monitoring data, and the postoperative monitoring data are input into the input preprocessing module for sliding window dynamic segmentation and injection of temporal noise to obtain enhanced data.

[0072] It can be understood that in the preprocessing module, the window size is automatically adjusted according to the data frequency (such as a small window for high-frequency data and a large window for low-frequency data), and the model robustness is improved by adding controllable Gaussian noise to obtain enhanced data.

[0073] Furthermore, the enhanced data is input into the bottom LSTM layer and the top LSTM layer of the bidirectional LSTM feature extraction module to extract local time series features and global trend features respectively, and the local time series features and the global trend features are fused through a gating mechanism to obtain time series features.

[0074] In this embodiment, an innovative layered LSTM structure is designed, which consists of a bottom-level LSTM and a top-level LSTM. The bottom-level LSTM is used to extract local timing patterns (such as short-term fluctuations); the top-level LSTM is used to capture global trends (such as periodicity or trend). Finally, a gating mechanism is used to perform jump connections to fuse features at different levels.

[0075] Furthermore, the temporal features are input into the dynamic attention weight module, and dynamic weights are used to add content attention and position attention to the temporal features to obtain key temporal features.

[0076] In this embodiment, the dynamic attention weight module is used to adaptively assign the importance of time steps. The dynamic attention weight module uses a bimodal attention mechanism to allow the model to interpretably focus on key time steps.

[0077] Furthermore, the key time series features are input into the multi-task collaborative evaluation module for classification evaluation, obtaining a first evaluation result for the current time step. The data for the next time step is predicted through an auxiliary task, and the first evaluation result is constrained using the next time step data to obtain a second evaluation result. The second evaluation result is input into the output module for output normalization processing, and the second evaluation result is mapped to a specified interval to obtain a risk probability.

[0078] Step S40: formulating a personalized fluid replacement management plan for the target patient based on the individual physiological characteristics, the preoperative assessment data, the intraoperative monitoring data, and the risk probability.

[0079] Specifically, the fluid rehydration management plan includes a low-risk fluid rehydration management plan, a medium-risk fluid rehydration management plan, and a high-risk fluid rehydration management plan.

[0080] In this embodiment, the age, body mass index and medical history information of the individual physiological characteristics are first obtained, the blood volume status and liver and kidney function status are obtained from the preoperative assessment data, and the surgery-related information is obtained from the intraoperative monitoring data. The above data are used to determine the fluid replacement management plan.

[0081] Furthermore, if the risk probability is lower than or equal to a first threshold, the blood volume is normal, the liver and kidney function status is normal, and there is no history of autonomic dysfunction in the medical history information, a low-risk fluid management plan is formulated for the target patient.

[0082] It is understandable that the applicable conditions for the low-risk fluid management plan are: the target assessment model predicts that the probability of orthostatic hypotension is lower than or equal to the first threshold (such as ≤15%), the preoperative blood volume is normal (such as no anemia or dehydration), the heart and kidney function is stable, and there is no history of autonomic dysfunction.

[0083] Furthermore, if the risk probability is higher than the first threshold and lower than the second threshold, and the age is greater than the preset age threshold, the body mass index is greater than the preset body mass index threshold, there is a history of diabetes in the medical history information, the blood volume condition is abnormal, or the intraoperative blood volume in the surgery-related information is abnormal, then a medium-risk fluid rehydration management plan is formulated for the target patient.

[0084] For example, the applicable conditions for the medium-risk fluid management plan are: risk assessment probability 15%-40%, the presence of one risk factor: intraoperative bleeding >500mL, preoperative BMI >28, age >65 years, history of diabetes, intraoperative hypovolemia (CVP <5cmH2O or intraoperative fluid volume / blood loss ratio <1.5).

[0085] Furthermore, if the risk probability is higher than or equal to the second threshold, and the blood volume condition is abnormal, the liver and kidney function status is abnormal, the cardiac rate in the surgery-related information is lower than the preset frequency threshold, or the intraoperative hemodynamics in the surgery-related information is unstable, a high-risk fluid management plan is formulated for the target patient.

[0086] For example, the applicable conditions for the high-risk fluid management plan are: risk assessment probability >40%; the presence of one risk factor: spinal correction surgery (risk of cerebrospinal fluid leakage), intraoperative massive bleeding (>1000mL), severe bradycardia (HR <50bpm), renal insufficiency (eGFR <60mL / min), intraoperative hemodynamic instability (MAP fluctuation >20% or need for vasoactive drugs to maintain).

[0087] Step S50: When the target patient is being infused with fluid according to the infusion management plan, the patient's vital signs and intake and output data are monitored in real time. When the vital signs or the intake and output data are abnormal, an early warning message is issued to prompt the nurse to take corresponding emergency measures.

[0088] Specifically, if the fluid infusion management plan is a low-risk fluid infusion management plan, the fluid infusion type is set to conventional crystalloid fluid, the first conventional crystalloid fluid volume required per day is calculated according to the weight of the target patient, and after the operation is completed, the first conventional crystalloid fluid volume is infused into the target patient at a first uniform speed.

[0089] The target patient's blood pressure, heart rate, urine volume, and the blood pressure difference between supine and standing positions when getting out of bed for the first time are monitored at a first monitoring frequency. If the monitoring results are abnormal, the first emergency measure is initiated.

[0090] In this embodiment, if the fluid management plan is a low-risk fluid management plan, the specific fluid replacement strategy is as follows: Type: conventional crystalloid solution (such as normal saline or lactated Ringer's solution); Total volume: Daily fluid replacement is calculated based on body weight (such as 30 mL / kg / d), consistent with the conventional postoperative fluid replacement plan; Speed: Uniform infusion (such as 1 mL / kg / h), without the need for additional volume expansion; Monitoring frequency: Record blood pressure, heart rate, and urine output every 4 hours; Measure the blood pressure difference between supine and standing positions before changing body position (such as getting out of bed for the first time): systolic blood pressure drops by <20 mmHg, and diastolic blood pressure drops by <10 mmHg. The triggering condition for the first emergency measure is: dynamic fluid replacement is initiated only when symptoms of orthostatic hypotension (such as dizziness) occur.

[0091] Furthermore, if the fluid infusion management plan is a medium-risk fluid infusion management plan, the fluid infusion type is set to conventional crystalloid fluid and colloid fluid, and the second conventional crystalloid fluid volume and the first colloid fluid volume required daily are calculated according to the weight of the target patient. Within a preset time period after the end of the operation, the second conventional crystalloid fluid volume and the first colloid fluid volume are infused into the target patient at a second uniform speed. After the preset time period is exceeded, the second conventional crystalloid fluid volume and the first colloid fluid volume are infused into the target patient at the first uniform speed.

[0092] The target patient's blood pressure, heart rate variability, daily assessed hematocrit, and supine and standing blood pressure difference when first getting out of bed are monitored at the second monitoring frequency. If the monitoring results are abnormal, the second emergency measure is initiated.

[0093] In this embodiment, if the fluid management plan is a medium-risk fluid management plan, the specific fluid replacement strategy is as follows: Type: Crystalloid-based, with colloid fluid (such as hydroxyethyl starch) used in combination if necessary; Total volume: Daily fluid replacement increased to 35-40 mL / kg / d; Colloid fluid supplementation in a 1:1 ratio with intraoperative blood loss; Rate: Accelerated fluid replacement (2 mL / kg / h) within 6 hours after surgery; CVP monitoring and goal-guided fluid replacement (maintaining a CVP of 8-12 cmH2O); Postural training: Progressive postural adaptation (head of bed elevation 30°→60°→90°, 5 minutes per stage) before getting out of bed; Intensive monitoring; Recording of ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate variability (HRV) every 2 hours; Daily assessment of hematocrit (HCT); If <30%, an increase in the colloid ratio is indicated. The triggering condition for the second emergency measure is: Initiation of ambulatory fluid replacement when ambulatory blood pressure, heart rate variability, or daily HCT assessment is abnormal, or when symptoms of orthostatic hypotension (such as dizziness) occur.

[0094] Furthermore, if the fluid infusion management plan is a high-risk fluid infusion management plan, the fluid infusion type is set to conventional crystalloid solution and colloid solution, and the third conventional crystalloid solution volume and the second colloid solution volume required daily are calculated according to the weight of the target patient. After the operation, the third conventional crystalloid solution volume and the second colloid solution volume are infused into the target patient at a third uniform speed.

[0095] If the mean arterial pressure of the target patient after fluid infusion is lower than the preset arterial pressure threshold, norepinephrine is used for the target patient; if the cardiac rate of the target patient after fluid infusion is lower than the preset frequency threshold, atropine is injected intravenously for the target patient.

[0096] The central venous pressure, arterial blood lactate, urine volume and changes in vena cava diameter of the target patient are monitored at a third monitoring frequency. If the monitoring results are abnormal, the third emergency measure is initiated.

[0097] In this embodiment, if the fluid management plan is a high-risk fluid management plan, the specific fluid replacement strategy is as follows: Type: Prioritize colloid fluid (such as albumin or hydroxyethyl starch) to expand the volume (accounting for 60% of the fluid replacement volume); Crystalloid fluid is used to maintain electrolyte balance (such as balanced salt solution); Total volume: Target fluid replacement volume for 24 hours after surgery: 50-60 mL / kg / d (adjusted according to urine output); For patients with cerebrospinal fluid leakage, crystalloid fluid is limited (<2000 mL / d) and hypertonic saline (3%-5%) is used to maintain blood volume; Speed: Rapid fluid replacement immediately after surgery (5 mL / kg / h× 2 hours), then adjusted to 3mL / kg / h, dynamically adjusted according to stroke volume variation (SVV) (target SVV <10%); vasoactive drugs are used in conjunction, and if MAP is still <65mmHg after fluid infusion, norepinephrine (0.05-0.1μg / kg / min) is used in combination; patients with bradycardia are given 0.5mg of atropine intravenously, and special monitoring is performed, including hourly monitoring of central venous pressure (CVP), arterial lactate, and urine output, and continuous transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) to assess changes in the diameter of the inferior vena cava (ΔIVC <15% indicates that fluid infusion is ineffective). The triggering conditions of the third emergency measure are: when syncope occurs or systolic blood pressure is <80mmHg: immediately lie flat and rapidly infuse 500mL of colloid solution; intravenous injection of ephedrine 10-20mg or phenylephrine 5-10mg.

[0098] It is understandable that this application adds a dynamic adjustment mechanism. After every preset time (such as 4 hours), the fluid replacement needs are recalculated based on the latest data (intake and output, vital signs). When the patient's risk level changes (such as medium risk → high risk), the fluid replacement management plan is automatically switched and the nurse is notified to set a safety boundary. At the same time, there are fluid replacement upper limits and alarm thresholds in the fluid replacement management plan, including a single-hour infusion volume of no more than 1000mL and a daily upper limit of 3000mL for the total amount of crystalloid solution (half for patients with cardiac and renal insufficiency); Alarm threshold: CVP>15cmH2O after fluid replacement → triggering a "fluid overload" warning; urine volume <0.5mL / kg / h → indicating prerenal injury and initiating diuretic intervention.

[0099] Furthermore, regarding the key link of getting out of bed after surgery, before the patient is ready to get out of bed, the system reminds the nurse to assist the patient with training and guidance on changing body positions based on the patient's current condition and fluid management plan, such as sitting up slowly, standing by the bed, walking slowly, etc., and closely observes the patient's reaction.

[0100] The method for volume management of orthostatic hypotension after spinal surgery further comprises:

[0101] The risk probability, vital signs and intake and output data of the target patient are visualized in the form of charts and graphs in the HIS system and various mobile terminals.

[0102] In this embodiment, various patient data are displayed in intuitive charts and graphs, such as line charts showing blood pressure and heart rate trends, and bar charts comparing intake and output, allowing nurses to quickly understand the patient's condition. Data analysis capabilities are provided to mine and analyze large amounts of clinical data, summarizing the incidence and influencing factors of orthostatic hypotension in patients after spinal surgery, providing a basis for optimizing volume management plans.

[0103] Furthermore, the present invention can be integrated with the hospital information system (HIS) to achieve seamless integration with the hospital's existing electronic medical record system, nursing management system, and testing and inspection system, ensuring real-time data sharing and interaction. In their daily work, nurses can directly access the AI-assisted capacity management system through the HIS system to view patient risk assessment reports, capacity management plans, and other information. At the same time, they can feed back nursing operation records and changes in patients' conditions to the system, achieving closed-loop information management.

[0104] Mobile device applications (such as smartphones and tablets) can also be developed to facilitate nurses to access patient information and perform nursing care at the bedside. Mobile applications can provide real-time data monitoring, early warning reminders, and nursing records. Nurses can quickly identify patients by scanning their wristbands, obtain personalized capacity management plans, and record various data and operations during the nursing process.

[0105] Furthermore, this application can establish a quality control indicator system and formulate a series of quality control indicators related to capacity management and prevention of orthostatic hypotension, such as risk assessment accuracy, capacity management plan execution rate, orthostatic hypotension incidence rate, patient satisfaction, etc. Regularly monitor and evaluate various indicators to promptly identify problems and deficiencies in the operation of the system. Regularly organize experts and clinical medical staff to review and analyze the application effects of the artificial intelligence-assisted capacity management system, summarize lessons learned, and propose improvement measures and suggestions. Based on the results of the review and analysis, optimize and upgrade the system, continuously improve the risk assessment model, capacity management plan and early warning mechanism, and improve the performance and practicality of the system.

[0106] Furthermore, if Figure 2 As shown, based on the above-mentioned volume management method for orthostatic hypotension after spinal surgery, the present invention also provides a volume management system for orthostatic hypotension after spinal surgery, wherein the volume management system for orthostatic hypotension after spinal surgery includes:

[0107] Patient data acquisition module 51, used to obtain individual physiological characteristics, preoperative assessment data, intraoperative monitoring data and postoperative monitoring data of the target patient;

[0108] An intelligent model building module 52 is used to build an artificial intelligence model, train, verify and test the artificial intelligence model, and obtain a target evaluation model;

[0109] a risk probability assessment module 53, configured to input the preoperative assessment data, the intraoperative monitoring data, and the postoperative monitoring data into the target assessment model for assessment to obtain a risk probability;

[0110] A fluid infusion plan formulation module 54 is configured to formulate a personalized fluid infusion management plan for the target patient based on the individual physiological characteristics, the preoperative assessment data, the intraoperative monitoring data, and the risk probability;

[0111] The execution and monitoring module 55 is used to monitor the patient's vital signs and intake and output data in real time during the process of rehydrating the target patient according to the rehydration management plan, and when the vital signs or the intake and output data are abnormal, issue an early warning message to prompt the nurse to take corresponding emergency measures.

[0112] Further, if Figure 3 As shown, based on the above-mentioned method and system for volume management of orthostatic hypotension after spinal surgery, the present invention also provides a terminal, which includes a processor 10, a memory 20 and a display 30. Figure 3 Only some of the components of the terminal are shown, but it should be understood that implementation of all of the shown components is not required, and more or fewer components may be implemented instead.

[0113] In some embodiments, the memory 20 may be an internal storage unit of the terminal, such as a hard disk or memory of the terminal. In other embodiments, the memory 20 may also be an external storage device of the terminal, such as a plug-in hard disk, a smart memory card (Smart Media Card, SMC), a secure digital (Secure Digital, SD) card, a flash card (Flash Card), etc. equipped on the terminal. Furthermore, the memory 20 may also include both an internal storage unit of the terminal and an external storage device. The memory 20 is used to store application software and various types of data installed on the terminal, such as the program code of the installation terminal. The memory 20 may also be used to temporarily store data that has been output or is to be output. In one embodiment, a postoperative spinal orthostatic hypotension volume management program 40 is stored on the memory 20, and the postoperative spinal orthostatic hypotension volume management program 40 can be executed by the processor 10, thereby realizing the postoperative spinal orthostatic hypotension volume management method in the present application.

[0114] In some embodiments, the processor 10 can be a central processing unit (CPU), a microprocessor or other data processing chip, used to run the program code or process data stored in the memory 20, such as executing the postoperative orthostatic hypotension volume management method for spinal surgery.

[0115] In some embodiments, the display 30 may be an LED display, a liquid crystal display, a touch-sensitive liquid crystal display, or an OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) touchscreen. The display 30 is used to display information on the terminal and to display a visual patient interface. The components of the terminal communicate with each other via a system bus.

[0116] In one embodiment, when the processor 10 executes the volume management program 40 for orthostatic hypotension after spinal surgery in the memory 20, the following steps are implemented:

[0117] Obtain individual physiological characteristics, preoperative assessment data, intraoperative monitoring data, and postoperative monitoring data of target patients;

[0118] Building an artificial intelligence model, training, validating, and testing the artificial intelligence model to obtain a target evaluation model;

[0119] Inputting the preoperative assessment data, the intraoperative monitoring data, and the postoperative monitoring data into the target assessment model for evaluation to obtain a risk probability;

[0120] Formulate a personalized fluid management plan for the target patient based on the individual physiological characteristics, the preoperative assessment data, the intraoperative monitoring data, and the risk probability;

[0121] When the target patient is being rehydrated according to the rehydration management plan, the patient's vital signs and intake and output data are monitored in real time. When the vital signs or the intake and output data are abnormal, an early warning message is issued to prompt the nurse to take corresponding emergency measures.

[0122] The individual physiological characteristics include the target patient's age, body mass index, and medical history information;

[0123] The preoperative assessment data include blood volume, liver and kidney function, water and electrolyte balance, cardiovascular function assessment results, nutritional status and physical reserve capacity;

[0124] The intraoperative monitoring data includes anesthesia records, surgery-related information, and intraoperative vital sign monitoring data;

[0125] The postoperative monitoring data include vital sign data, vital sign data, orthostatic hypotension-related symptoms and sign change data.

[0126] The step of constructing an artificial intelligence model, training, validating, and testing the artificial intelligence model to obtain a target evaluation model specifically includes:

[0127] Building an artificial intelligence model based on a bidirectional LSTM network, the artificial intelligence model includes an input preprocessing module, a bidirectional LSTM feature extraction module, a dynamic attention weight module, a multi-task collaborative evaluation module and an output module;

[0128] Collecting historical preoperative assessment data, historical intraoperative monitoring data, and historical postoperative monitoring data as a data set, and dividing the data set into a training set, a validation set, and a test set according to a preset ratio;

[0129] Use the training set to train the artificial intelligence model, adjust the parameters of the artificial intelligence model to obtain a trained model, use the validation set to evaluate and optimize the trained model to obtain an optimized model, and use the test set to perform a final evaluation on the optimized model to obtain a target evaluation model.

[0130] The step of inputting the preoperative assessment data, the intraoperative monitoring data, and the postoperative monitoring data into the target assessment model for evaluation to obtain the risk probability specifically includes:

[0131] Inputting the preoperative evaluation data, the intraoperative monitoring data, and the postoperative monitoring data into the input preprocessing module for sliding window dynamic segmentation and injection of temporal noise to obtain enhanced data;

[0132] Inputting the enhanced data into the bottom LSTM layer and the top LSTM layer of the bidirectional LSTM feature extraction module to extract local time series features and global trend features respectively, and fusing the local time series features and the global trend features through a gating mechanism to obtain time series features;

[0133] Inputting the temporal features into the dynamic attention weight module, adding content attention and position attention to the temporal features using dynamic weights, and obtaining key temporal features;

[0134] Input the key time series features into the multi-task collaborative evaluation module for classification evaluation to obtain a first evaluation result of the current time step, and predict the next time step data through the auxiliary task, and use the next time step data to constrain the first evaluation result to obtain a second evaluation result;

[0135] The second assessment result is input into the output module for output standardization processing, and the second assessment result is mapped to a specified interval to obtain a risk probability.

[0136] The fluid rehydration management plan includes a low-risk fluid rehydration management plan, a medium-risk fluid rehydration management plan, and a high-risk fluid rehydration management plan;

[0137] The formulating of a personalized fluid replacement management plan for the target patient based on the individual physiological characteristics, the preoperative assessment data, the intraoperative monitoring data, and the risk probability specifically includes:

[0138] Obtaining age, body mass index, and medical history information from the individual's physiological characteristics, obtaining blood volume and liver and kidney function status from the preoperative assessment data, and obtaining surgery-related information from the intraoperative monitoring data;

[0139] If the risk probability is lower than or equal to a first threshold, the blood volume is normal, the liver and kidney function are normal, and there is no history of autonomic dysfunction in the medical history information, a low-risk fluid management plan is formulated for the target patient;

[0140] If the risk probability is higher than the first threshold and lower than the second threshold, and the age is greater than the preset age threshold, the body mass index is greater than the preset body mass index threshold, there is a history of diabetes in the medical history information, the blood volume condition is abnormal, or the intraoperative blood volume is abnormal in the surgery-related information, then a medium-risk fluid rehydration management plan is formulated for the target patient;

[0141] If the risk probability is higher than or equal to the second threshold, and the blood volume condition is abnormal, the liver and kidney function status is abnormal, the cardiac rate in the surgery-related information is lower than the preset frequency threshold, or the intraoperative hemodynamics in the surgery-related information is unstable, a high-risk fluid management plan is formulated for the target patient.

[0142] Wherein, when the target patient is being rehydrated according to the rehydration management plan, the patient's vital signs and intake and output data are monitored in real time. When the vital signs or the intake and output data are abnormal, an early warning message is issued to prompt the nurse to take corresponding emergency measures, specifically including:

[0143] If the fluid infusion management plan is a low-risk fluid infusion management plan, the fluid infusion type is set to conventional crystalloid solution, a first conventional crystalloid solution volume required daily is calculated according to the weight of the target patient, and after the operation is completed, the first conventional crystalloid solution volume is infused into the target patient at a first uniform speed;

[0144] monitoring the target patient's blood pressure, heart rate, urine volume, and the blood pressure difference between supine and standing positions when the patient first gets out of bed at a first monitoring frequency, and initiating a first emergency measure if the monitoring results are abnormal;

[0145] If the fluid infusion management plan is a medium-risk fluid infusion management plan, the fluid infusion type is set to conventional crystalloid solution and colloid solution, the second conventional crystalloid solution volume and the first colloid solution volume required daily are calculated according to the weight of the target patient, and within a preset time period after the end of the operation, the second conventional crystalloid solution volume and the first colloid solution volume are infused into the target patient at a second uniform speed. After the preset time period, the second conventional crystalloid solution volume and the first colloid solution volume are infused into the target patient at the first uniform speed.

[0146] monitoring the target patient's blood pressure, heart rate variability, daily assessed hematocrit, and supine-standing blood pressure difference when first getting out of bed at a second monitoring frequency, and initiating a second emergency measure if any monitoring result is abnormal;

[0147] If the fluid infusion management plan is a high-risk fluid infusion management plan, the fluid infusion type is set to conventional crystalloid solution and colloid solution, the third conventional crystalloid solution volume and the second colloid solution volume required daily are calculated according to the weight of the target patient, and after the operation is completed, the third conventional crystalloid solution volume and the second colloid solution volume are infused into the target patient at a third uniform speed;

[0148] If the mean arterial pressure of the target patient after fluid infusion is lower than a preset arterial pressure threshold, norepinephrine is administered to the target patient; if the cardiac rate of the target patient after fluid infusion is lower than a preset frequency threshold, atropine is administered intravenously to the target patient;

[0149] The central venous pressure, arterial blood lactate, urine volume and changes in vena cava diameter of the target patient are monitored at a third monitoring frequency. If the monitoring results are abnormal, the third emergency measure is initiated.

[0150] Wherein, the method for volume management of orthostatic hypotension after spinal surgery further includes:

[0151] The risk probability, vital signs and intake and output data of the target patient are visualized in the form of charts and graphs in the HIS system and various mobile terminals.

[0152] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores a volume management program for orthostatic hypotension after spinal surgery, and when the volume management program for orthostatic hypotension after spinal surgery is executed by a processor, the steps of the volume management method for orthostatic hypotension after spinal surgery as described above are implemented.

[0153] In summary, the present invention proposes a method, system and terminal for volume management of orthostatic hypotension after spinal surgery, the method comprising: obtaining individual physiological characteristics, preoperative assessment data, intraoperative monitoring data and postoperative monitoring data of the target patient; constructing an artificial intelligence model, training, verifying and testing the artificial intelligence model to obtain a target assessment model; inputting the preoperative assessment data, intraoperative monitoring data and postoperative monitoring data into the target assessment model for evaluation to obtain a risk probability; formulating a personalized fluid replacement management plan for the target patient based on the individual physiological characteristics, preoperative assessment data, intraoperative monitoring data and risk probability, combined with clinical guidelines and expert experience; rehydrating the target patient according to the fluid replacement management plan, and monitoring the patient's vital signs and intake and output data in real time. When an abnormality occurs in the vital signs or intake and output data, an early warning message is issued to prompt the nurse to take corresponding emergency measures. The present invention integrates multi-source data, performs real-time evaluation and management of the risk of orthostatic hypotension in patients, strengthens fluid replacement management, and improves fluid replacement efficiency.

[0154] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "includes," or any other variations thereof are intended to encompass non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or terminal. In the absence of further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or terminal comprising the element.

[0155] Of course, those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the above-mentioned embodiment methods can be implemented by instructing the relevant hardware through a computer program. The computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the above-mentioned methods. Among them, any reference to memory, storage, database or other media used in the embodiments provided by the present invention can include non-volatile and / or volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) or flash memory. Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in various forms, such as static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDRSDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous link DRAM (SLDRAM), memory bus (Rambus) direct RAM (RDRAM), direct memory bus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and memory bus dynamic RAM (RDRAM).

[0156] It should be understood that the application of the present invention is not limited to the above examples. For those skilled in the art, improvements or changes can be made based on the above description. All these improvements and changes should fall within the scope of protection of the claims attached to the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for volume management of orthostatic hypotension after spinal surgery, characterized in that: The method for volume management of orthostatic hypotension after spinal surgery includes: Obtain individual physiological characteristics, preoperative assessment data, intraoperative monitoring data, and postoperative monitoring data of target patients; Building an artificial intelligence model, training, validating, and testing the artificial intelligence model to obtain a target evaluation model; Inputting the preoperative assessment data, the intraoperative monitoring data, and the postoperative monitoring data into the target assessment model for evaluation to obtain a risk probability; Formulate a personalized fluid management plan for the target patient based on the individual physiological characteristics, the preoperative assessment data, the intraoperative monitoring data, and the risk probability; When the target patient is being rehydrated according to the rehydration management plan, the patient's vital signs and intake and output data are monitored in real time. When the vital signs or the intake and output data are abnormal, an early warning message is issued to prompt the nurse to take corresponding emergency measures.

2. The method for volume management of orthostatic hypotension after spinal surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The individual physiological characteristics include the target patient's age, body mass index, and medical history information; The preoperative assessment data include blood volume, liver and kidney function, water and electrolyte balance, cardiovascular function assessment results, nutritional status and physical reserve capacity; The intraoperative monitoring data includes anesthesia records, surgery-related information, and intraoperative vital sign monitoring data; The postoperative monitoring data include vital sign data, vital sign data, orthostatic hypotension-related symptoms and sign change data.

3. The method for volume management of orthostatic hypotension after spinal surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The constructing of an artificial intelligence model, training, verifying and testing the artificial intelligence model to obtain a target evaluation model specifically includes: Building an artificial intelligence model based on a bidirectional LSTM network, the artificial intelligence model includes an input preprocessing module, a bidirectional LSTM feature extraction module, a dynamic attention weight module, a multi-task collaborative evaluation module and an output module; Collecting historical preoperative assessment data, historical intraoperative monitoring data, and historical postoperative monitoring data as a data set, and dividing the data set into a training set, a validation set, and a test set according to a preset ratio; Use the training set to train the artificial intelligence model, adjust the parameters of the artificial intelligence model to obtain a trained model, use the validation set to evaluate and optimize the trained model to obtain an optimized model, and use the test set to perform a final evaluation on the optimized model to obtain a target evaluation model.

4. The method for volume management of orthostatic hypotension after spinal surgery according to claim 3, characterized in that: The inputting the preoperative assessment data, the intraoperative monitoring data, and the postoperative monitoring data into the target assessment model for evaluation to obtain the risk probability specifically includes: Inputting the preoperative evaluation data, the intraoperative monitoring data, and the postoperative monitoring data into the input preprocessing module for sliding window dynamic segmentation and injection of temporal noise to obtain enhanced data; Inputting the enhanced data into the bottom LSTM layer and the top LSTM layer of the bidirectional LSTM feature extraction module to extract local time series features and global trend features respectively, and fusing the local time series features and the global trend features through a gating mechanism to obtain time series features; Inputting the temporal features into the dynamic attention weight module, adding content attention and position attention to the temporal features using dynamic weights, and obtaining key temporal features; Input the key time series features into the multi-task collaborative evaluation module for classification evaluation to obtain a first evaluation result of the current time step, and predict the next time step data through the auxiliary task, and use the next time step data to constrain the first evaluation result to obtain a second evaluation result; The second assessment result is input into the output module for output standardization processing, and the second assessment result is mapped to a specified interval to obtain a risk probability.

5. The method for volume management of orthostatic hypotension after spinal surgery according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fluid rehydration management plan includes a low-risk fluid rehydration management plan, a medium-risk fluid rehydration management plan, and a high-risk fluid rehydration management plan; The formulating of a personalized fluid replacement management plan for the target patient based on the individual physiological characteristics, the preoperative assessment data, the intraoperative monitoring data, and the risk probability specifically includes: Obtaining age, body mass index, and medical history information from the individual's physiological characteristics, obtaining blood volume and liver and kidney function status from the preoperative assessment data, and obtaining surgery-related information from the intraoperative monitoring data; If the risk probability is lower than or equal to a first threshold, the blood volume is normal, the liver and kidney function are normal, and there is no history of autonomic dysfunction in the medical history information, a low-risk fluid management plan is formulated for the target patient; If the risk probability is higher than the first threshold and lower than the second threshold, and the age is greater than the preset age threshold, the body mass index is greater than the preset body mass index threshold, there is a history of diabetes in the medical history information, the blood volume condition is abnormal, or the intraoperative blood volume is abnormal in the surgery-related information, then a medium-risk fluid rehydration management plan is formulated for the target patient; If the risk probability is higher than or equal to the second threshold, and the blood volume condition is abnormal, the liver and kidney function status is abnormal, the cardiac rate in the surgery-related information is lower than the preset frequency threshold, or the intraoperative hemodynamics in the surgery-related information is unstable, a high-risk fluid management plan is formulated for the target patient.

6. The method for volume management of orthostatic hypotension after spinal surgery according to claim 5, characterized in that: When the target patient is receiving fluid infusion according to the fluid infusion management plan, the patient's vital signs and intake and output data are monitored in real time. When the vital signs or the intake and output data are abnormal, an early warning message is issued to prompt the nurse to take corresponding emergency measures, specifically including: If the fluid infusion management plan is a low-risk fluid infusion management plan, the fluid infusion type is set to conventional crystalloid solution, a first conventional crystalloid solution volume required daily is calculated according to the weight of the target patient, and after the operation is completed, the first conventional crystalloid solution volume is infused into the target patient at a first uniform speed; monitoring the target patient's blood pressure, heart rate, urine volume, and the blood pressure difference between supine and standing positions when the patient first gets out of bed at a first monitoring frequency, and initiating a first emergency measure if the monitoring results are abnormal; If the fluid infusion management plan is a medium-risk fluid infusion management plan, the fluid infusion type is set to conventional crystalloid solution and colloid solution, the second conventional crystalloid solution volume and the first colloid solution volume required daily are calculated according to the weight of the target patient, and within a preset time period after the end of the operation, the second conventional crystalloid solution volume and the first colloid solution volume are infused into the target patient at a second uniform speed. After the preset time period, the second conventional crystalloid solution volume and the first colloid solution volume are infused into the target patient at the first uniform speed. monitoring the target patient's blood pressure, heart rate variability, daily assessed hematocrit, and supine-standing blood pressure difference when first getting out of bed at a second monitoring frequency, and initiating a second emergency measure if any monitoring result is abnormal; If the fluid infusion management plan is a high-risk fluid infusion management plan, the fluid infusion type is set to conventional crystalloid solution and colloid solution, the third conventional crystalloid solution volume and the second colloid solution volume required daily are calculated according to the weight of the target patient, and after the operation is completed, the third conventional crystalloid solution volume and the second colloid solution volume are infused into the target patient at a third uniform speed; If the mean arterial pressure of the target patient after fluid infusion is lower than a preset arterial pressure threshold, norepinephrine is administered to the target patient; if the cardiac rate of the target patient after fluid infusion is lower than a preset frequency threshold, atropine is administered intravenously to the target patient; The central venous pressure, arterial blood lactate, urine volume and changes in vena cava diameter of the target patient are monitored at a third monitoring frequency. If the monitoring results are abnormal, the third emergency measure is initiated.

7. The method for volume management of orthostatic hypotension after spinal surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for volume management of orthostatic hypotension after spinal surgery further comprises: The risk probability, vital signs and intake and output data of the target patient are visualized in the form of charts and graphs in the HIS system and various mobile terminals.

8. A volume management system for orthostatic hypotension after spinal surgery, characterized in that: The orthostatic hypotension volume management system after spinal surgery includes: Patient data collection module, used to obtain individual physiological characteristics, preoperative assessment data, intraoperative monitoring data and postoperative monitoring data of target patients; An intelligent model building module is used to build an artificial intelligence model, train, verify and test the artificial intelligence model, and obtain a target evaluation model; a risk probability assessment module, configured to input the preoperative assessment data, the intraoperative monitoring data, and the postoperative monitoring data into the target assessment model for assessment to obtain a risk probability; a fluid infusion plan formulation module, configured to formulate a personalized fluid infusion management plan for the target patient based on the individual physiological characteristics, the preoperative assessment data, the intraoperative monitoring data, and the risk probability; The execution and monitoring module is used to monitor the patient's vital signs and intake and output data in real time during the process of rehydrating the target patient according to the rehydration management plan. When the vital signs or the intake and output data are abnormal, an early warning message is issued to prompt the nurse to take corresponding emergency measures.

9. A terminal, characterized in that: The terminal includes: a memory, a processor, and a volume management program for orthostatic hypotension after spinal surgery stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the volume management program for orthostatic hypotension after spinal surgery is executed by the processor, the steps of the volume management method for orthostatic hypotension after spinal surgery as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that The computer-readable storage medium stores a volume management program for orthostatic hypotension after spinal surgery. When the volume management program for orthostatic hypotension after spinal surgery is executed by a processor, the steps of the volume management method for orthostatic hypotension after spinal surgery as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.

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