Battery pack intelligent fire extinguishing system based on multistage thermal runaway early warning

Abstract

The invention discloses a battery pack intelligent fire extinguishing system based on multistage thermal runaway early warning, which comprises a sensing monitoring module, a data processing module, an execution mechanism module and a communication interaction module, the sensing monitoring module comprises a distributed temperature sensor array for monitoring the surface temperature of the battery in real time and detecting abnormal temperature rise, a voltage / current monitoring circuit for detecting the voltage fluctuation of the battery and identifying the risk of internal short circuit, and a multi-gas detector for detecting the CO / CO / H concentration and judging the initial decomposition reaction of the electrolyte. According to the invention, three-level early warning can be carried out at the potential risk stage of thermal runaway, the initial stage of thermal runaway and thermal runaway outbreak, so that early warning or fire-fighting treatment can be carried out in advance, and disaster expansion is avoided; the situation of false alarm caused by temperature rise in the battery charging process can be reduced, and the early warning accuracy of the system is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of battery pack fire protection systems, and more specifically, to an intelligent fire protection system for battery packs based on multi-level thermal runaway warning. Background Art

[0002] Traditional battery pack fire protection systems with thermal runaway warnings collect the battery pack temperature through temperature sensors and determine whether the battery pack has thermal runaway based on the temperature of the battery pack. If thermal runaway occurs, thermal control or fire extinguishing measures are performed to reduce the impact of thermal runaway.

[0003] In common battery pack fire protection systems with thermal runaway warnings, a response is not received until thermal runaway breaks out, which affects the speed of fire protection for the battery pack. In addition, a single temperature sensor is prone to false alarms and cannot perform multi-level warning processing in the potential risk stage of thermal runaway, the early stage of thermal runaway, and the outbreak of thermal runaway. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a battery pack intelligent fire protection system based on multi-level thermal runaway warning to solve the background technical problems.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A battery pack intelligent fire protection system based on multi-level thermal runaway early warning includes a sensor monitoring module, a data processing module, an actuator module, and a communication interaction module. The sensor monitoring module includes: a distributed temperature sensor array for real-time monitoring of battery surface temperature and detecting abnormal temperature rise; a voltage / current monitoring circuit for detecting battery voltage fluctuations and identifying internal short circuit risks; a multi-gas detector for detecting CO / CO2 / H2 concentrations and determining the initial stage of electrolyte decomposition; a differential pressure sensor for monitoring changes in battery pack pressure and predicting the need for shell expansion or pressure relief; and a laser smoke detector for identifying smoke concentration. The data processing module includes: an edge computing unit for local real-time processing of multi-source data, reducing cloud dependence and latency, and a multi-source data fusion processor for integrating temperature, voltage, gas and other data and generating a composite risk score. The output ends of the distributed temperature sensor array, voltage / current monitoring circuit, multi-gas detector, differential pressure sensor and laser smoke detector are all signal-connected to the multi-source data fusion processor, and the output end of the multi-source data fusion processor is signal-connected to the actuator module. The actuator module includes: a phase-change cooling system that uses paraffin-based materials to quickly absorb heat, a perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent injection device that uses a fire extinguishing agent to cool down an intense fire, and a fast-break relay for cutting off the main battery circuit and preventing heat diffusion. The input ends of the phase-change cooling system, the perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent injection device, and the fast-break relay are all connected to the multi-source data fusion processor signal. The communication interaction module includes: a CAN bus for local and remote two-way communication and uploading warning signals to the cloud platform, and an HMI human-machine interface for real-time display of battery status, warning level and processing suggestions. The output ends of the distributed temperature sensor array, voltage / current monitoring circuit, multi-gas detector, differential pressure sensor, laser smoke detector, multi-source data fusion processor and actuator module are all connected to the HMI human-machine interface signal.

[0006] As a further description of the above technical solution: The input signal of the multi-source data fusion processor is connected to a charging temperature compensation module. The charging temperature compensation module has a built-in battery thermal characteristics database, which predicts a reasonable temperature rise curve based on the real-time charging current and feeds it back to the multi-source data fusion processor.

[0007] As a further description of the above technical solution: The input signal of the multi-source data fusion processor is connected to an ambient temperature compensation module. The ambient temperature compensation module has a built-in ambient temperature sensor and a database of battery thermal characteristics of ambient temperature. It predicts a reasonable temperature rise curve based on the real-time ambient temperature and dynamically adjusts the alarm threshold to feed back to the multi-source data fusion processor.

[0008] As a further description of the above technical solution: The output signal of the HMI human-machine interface is connected to a verification module, and the verification module is bidirectionally connected to the distributed temperature sensor array, voltage / current monitoring circuit, multi-gas detector, differential pressure sensor and laser smoke detector.

[0009] As a further description of the above technical solution: The output terminal signal of the HMI human-machine interface is connected to an alarm.

[0010] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are: This solution comprehensively collects temperature, voltage, current, gas, pressure and smoke for analysis, and can provide three-level warnings at the potential risk stage of thermal runaway, the early stage of thermal runaway, and the outbreak of thermal runaway. This allows for early warning or firefighting to avoid the expansion of the disaster. It can also reduce false alarms caused by temperature increases during battery charging and improve the accuracy of the system's warnings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the sensor monitoring module in the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the data processing module in the present invention; Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the actuator module in the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the communication interaction module in the present invention.

[0012] Description of the numbers in the figure: 1. Sensing and monitoring module; 101. Distributed temperature sensor array; 102. Voltage / current monitoring circuit; 103. Multi-gas detector; 104. Differential pressure sensor; 105. Laser smoke detector; 2. Data processing module; 201. Edge computing unit; 202. Multi-source data fusion processor; 3. Actuator module; 301. Phase change cooling system; 302. Perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent injection device; 303. Fast-acting relay; 4. Communication interaction module; 401. CAN bus; 402. HMI human-machine interface; 5. Charging temperature compensation module; 6. Ambient temperature compensation module; 7. Verification module; 8. Alarm. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0013] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention; See also Figures 1 to 5 In the present invention, a battery pack intelligent fire protection system based on multi-level thermal runaway warning includes a sensor monitoring module 1, a data processing module 2, an actuator module 3, and a communication interaction module 4. The sensor monitoring module 1 includes: a distributed temperature sensor array 101 for real-time monitoring of battery surface temperature and detecting abnormal temperature rise; a voltage / current monitoring circuit 102 for detecting battery voltage fluctuations and identifying internal short circuit risks; a multi-gas detector 103 for detecting CO / CO2 / H2 concentrations and determining the initial reaction of electrolyte decomposition; a differential pressure sensor 104 for monitoring changes in gas pressure within the battery pack and predicting the need for shell expansion or pressure relief; and a laser smoke detector 105 for identifying smoke concentration.

[0014] The data processing module 2 includes: an edge computing unit 201 for local real-time processing of multi-source data, reducing cloud dependence and delay, and a multi-source data fusion processor 202 for integrating temperature, voltage, gas and other data and generating a composite risk score. The output ends of the distributed temperature sensor array 101, the voltage / current monitoring circuit 102, the multi-gas detector 103, the differential pressure sensor 104 and the laser smoke detector 105 are all signal-connected to the multi-source data fusion processor 202, and the output end of the multi-source data fusion processor 202 is signal-connected to the actuator module 3.

[0015] The actuator module 3 includes: a phase change cooling system 301 that uses paraffin-based materials to quickly absorb heat, a perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent injection device 302 that uses a fire extinguishing agent to cool down a fierce fire, and a quick-break relay 303 for cutting off the main battery circuit and preventing heat diffusion. The input ends of the phase change cooling system 301, the perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent injection device 302, and the quick-break relay 303 are all signal-connected to the multi-source data fusion processor 202.

[0016] The communication interaction module 4 includes: a CAN bus 401 for local and remote two-way communication and uploading warning signals to the cloud platform, and an HMI human-machine interface 402 for real-time display of battery status, warning level and processing suggestions. The distributed temperature sensor array 101, voltage / current monitoring circuit 102, multi-gas detector 103, differential pressure sensor 104, laser smoke detector 105, multi-source data fusion processor 202 and the output end of the actuator module 3 are all signal-connected to the HMI human-machine interface 402.

[0017] In the present invention, the distributed temperature sensor array 101 is used to monitor the battery surface temperature in real time and detect abnormal temperature rise, the voltage / current monitoring circuit 102 is used to detect battery voltage fluctuations and identify internal short circuit risks, the multi-gas detector 103 is used to detect CO / CO2 / H2 concentrations in the battery and determine the initial decomposition reaction of the electrolyte, the differential pressure sensor 104 is used to monitor the air pressure changes in the battery pack and predict the need for shell expansion or pressure relief, and the laser smoke detector 105 is used to identify the smoke concentration. The distributed temperature sensor array 101, the voltage / current monitoring circuit 102, the multi-gas detector 103, the differential pressure sensor 104 and the laser smoke detector 105 will send the collected data to the multi-source data fusion processor 202, and the multi-source data fusion processor 202 will integrate temperature, voltage, gas and other data and generate a composite risk score.

[0018] The multi-source data fusion processor 202 will issue three levels of warnings: Level 1 warning (potential risk): When abnormal temperature rise (e.g. >45°C) or voltage fluctuation of the battery cell is detected; Level 2 warning (early stage of thermal runaway): multiple parameter abnormalities (such as temperature > 60°C + increased gas concentration); Level 3 warning (thermal runaway occurs): temperature rises sharply (>80°C) + smoke / pressure changes suddenly.

[0019] The multi-source data fusion processor 202 will respond differently based on the warning level: Level 1 response (potential risk): Activate the battery's own cooling system and reduce the charging current; Secondary response (early stage of thermal runaway): The fast-acting relay 303 opens, disconnecting the circuit and starting the phase-change cooling system 301 to absorb heat: Level 3 response (thermal runaway occurs): the perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent injection device 302 is opened to release the fire extinguishing agent (such as perfluorohexanone), and then the fire is extinguished; During the multi-level warning and response process, the CAN bus 401 is used for local and remote two-way communication and uploading warning signals to the cloud platform, and the HMI human-machine interface 402 is used to display the battery status, warning level and processing suggestions in real time.

[0020] See also Figure 1 , wherein: the input signal of the multi-source data fusion processor 202 is connected to the charging temperature compensation module 5, and the charging temperature compensation module 5 has a built-in battery thermal characteristic database, which predicts a reasonable temperature rise curve based on the real-time charging current and feeds it back to the multi-source data fusion processor 202.

[0021] In the present invention, during the early warning process, if the battery is in a charging state, the battery temperature will rise. At this time, the battery temperature is likely to trigger a first-level early warning, resulting in a false alarm. The charging temperature compensation module 5 predicts a reasonable temperature rise curve based on the real-time charging current and feeds it back to the multi-source data fusion processor 202, thereby compensating for the early warning threshold of the battery temperature. When the battery is in a charging state, a higher temperature is required to trigger a first-level early warning, thereby effectively reducing the occurrence of false alarms.

[0022] See also Figure 1 The input signal of the multi-source data fusion processor 202 is connected to the ambient temperature compensation module 6. The ambient temperature compensation module 6 has a built-in ambient temperature sensor and a database of the thermal characteristics of the battery due to ambient temperature. It predicts a reasonable temperature rise curve based on the real-time ambient temperature and dynamically adjusts the alarm threshold to feed back to the multi-source data fusion processor 202.

[0023] In the present invention, during the early warning process, the ambient temperature will have a certain impact on the battery temperature. The ambient temperature compensation module 6 predicts a reasonable temperature rise curve based on the real-time ambient temperature and dynamically adjusts the alarm threshold to feed back to the multi-source data fusion processor 202, thereby reducing the occurrence of false alarms caused by the ambient temperature.

[0024] See also Figure 5 , wherein: the output signal of the HMI human-machine interface 402 is connected to the verification module 7, and the verification module 7 is bidirectionally connected to the distributed temperature sensor array 101, the voltage / current monitoring circuit 102, the multi-gas detector 103, the differential pressure sensor 104 and the laser smoke detector 105.

[0025] In the present invention, the verification module 7 is regularly turned on to test the working status of the distributed temperature sensor array 101, the voltage / current monitoring circuit 102, the multi-gas detector 103, the differential pressure sensor 104 and the laser smoke detector 105, thereby improving the stability of the device.

[0026] See also Figure 5 , wherein: the output terminal signal of the HMI human-machine interface 402 is connected to the alarm 8.

[0027] In the present invention, the alarm 8 is installed around the battery pack. The alarm 8 can be activated to sound an alarm when an early warning occurs, reminding people around to evacuate quickly, thereby improving the safety of the device.

[0028] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention; however, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art who, within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, makes equivalent substitutions or modifications based on the technical solutions and improved concepts of the present invention shall be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A battery pack intelligent fire protection system based on multi-level thermal runaway warning, comprising a sensor monitoring module (1), a data processing module (2), an actuator module (3) and a communication interaction module (4), characterized in that: The sensing monitoring module (1) includes: a distributed temperature sensor array (101) for real-time monitoring of battery surface temperature and detecting abnormal temperature rise, a voltage / current monitoring circuit (102) for detecting battery voltage fluctuations and identifying internal short circuit risks, a multi-gas detector (103) for detecting CO / CO2 / H2 concentrations and determining the initial decomposition reaction of the electrolyte, a differential pressure sensor (104) for monitoring changes in gas pressure within the battery pack and predicting the need for shell expansion or pressure relief, and a laser smoke detector (105) for identifying smoke concentration. The data processing module (2) includes: an edge computing unit (201) for local real-time processing of multi-source data, reducing cloud dependency and delay, and a multi-source data fusion processor (202) for integrating temperature, voltage, gas and other data and generating a composite risk score, the output ends of the distributed temperature sensor array (101), voltage / current monitoring circuit (102), multi-gas detector (103), differential pressure sensor (104) and laser smoke detector (105) are all signal-connected to the multi-source data fusion processor (202), and the output end of the multi-source data fusion processor (202) is signal-connected to the actuator module (3); The actuator module (3) comprises: a phase change cooling system (301) that utilizes a paraffin-based material to quickly absorb heat, a perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent injection device (302) that utilizes a fire extinguishing agent to cool down a fierce fire, and a quick-break relay (303) for cutting off a battery main circuit and preventing heat diffusion. Input ends of the phase change cooling system (301), the perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent injection device (302), and the quick-break relay (303) are all signal-connected to a multi-source data fusion processor (202). The communication interaction module (4) includes: a CAN bus (401) for local and remote two-way communication and uploading warning signals to a cloud platform, and an HMI human-machine interface (402) for real-time display of battery status, warning level and processing suggestions. The output ends of the distributed temperature sensor array (101), voltage / current monitoring circuit (102), multi-gas detector (103), differential pressure sensor (104), laser smoke detector (105), multi-source data fusion processor (202) and actuator module (3) are all signal-connected to the HMI human-machine interface (402).

2. The battery pack intelligent fire protection system based on multi-level thermal runaway warning according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The input terminal signal of the multi-source data fusion processor (202) is connected to a charging temperature compensation module (5), and the charging temperature compensation module (5) has a built-in battery thermal characteristics database, which predicts a reasonable temperature rise curve based on the real-time charging current and feeds it back to the multi-source data fusion processor (202).

3. The battery pack intelligent fire protection system based on multi-level thermal runaway warning according to claim 1, characterized in that: The input signal of the multi-source data fusion processor (202) is connected to an ambient temperature compensation module (6). The ambient temperature compensation module (6) has an ambient temperature sensor and a battery thermal characteristic database built in. The module predicts a reasonable temperature rise curve based on the real-time ambient temperature and dynamically adjusts the alarm threshold value to feed back to the multi-source data fusion processor (202).

4. The battery pack intelligent fire protection system based on multi-level thermal runaway warning according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The output signal of the HMI human-machine interface (402) is connected to a verification module (7), and the verification module (7) is bidirectionally connected to the distributed temperature sensor array (101), the voltage / current monitoring circuit (102), the multi-gas detector (103), the differential pressure sensor (104), and the laser smoke detector (105).

5. The battery pack intelligent fire protection system based on multi-level thermal runaway warning according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The output terminal signal of the HMI human-machine interface (402) is connected to an alarm (8).

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