Artificial eyeball, intraocular pressure monitoring simulation platform and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of intraocular pressure measurement, and discloses an artificial eyeball and an intraocular pressure monitoring simulation platform and method. The method comprises the following steps: controlling a water pressure regulator to regulate water pressure in a water injection pipeline and an artificial eyeball according to an intraocular pressure data model; a pressure sensor in the artificial eyeball senses and obtains a pressure electric signal in the artificial eyeball in real time; the pressure electric signal is transmitted to a transmitting coil through a signal wire, and the transmitting coil transmits the pressure electric signal to a receiving coil outside the artificial eyeball through mutual inductance; the receiving coil and the transmitting coil are in mutual inductance communication to receive and obtain a pressure electric signal, and the signal acquisition device acquires the pressure electric signal of the receiving coil to obtain an intraocular pressure measurement value; the actual intraocular pressure value is obtained by conducting signal collection on the water pressure sensor. By applying the system, the function of simulating the adjustable aqueous humor pressure and the blinking action can be achieved, high integration and intelligence are achieved, and accurate control and real-time monitoring of the change of the internal pressure of the simulated eyeball can be achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of intraocular pressure measurement, and in particular to an artificial eyeball, an intraocular pressure monitoring simulation platform and a method. Background Art

[0002] Traditional methods for measuring intraocular pressure typically rely on manually adjusted mechanical devices to control intraocular pressure, resulting in limited control precision and difficulty accurately simulating real-world intraocular pressure changes. Traditional intraocular pressure measurement experimental setups typically consist of multiple independent components and lack a unified control and data processing system, resulting in low experimental efficiency and difficulty in performing complex data analysis and processing. Furthermore, traditional intraocular pressure measurement experimental setups often lack scalability and compatibility, making it difficult to adapt to diverse experimental needs and connect to other experimental equipment or sensors.

[0003] Wireless intraocular pressure measurement technology is still under research and development, and the relevant technology is still immature. It is not yet known whether the values ​​obtained by the pressure sensor are accurate and whether the intraocular pressure monitoring method is feasible. In addition, the method to verify whether it is qualified for use is not convenient. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an artificial eyeball, an intraocular pressure monitoring simulation platform and a method for using an artificial eyeball to simulate a human eye, simulate intraocular pressure by water injection pressure, measure internal pressure by a built-in pressure sensor, and obtain the measured value and actual value of the intraocular pressure of the artificial eyeball through an external signal acquisition device, thereby realizing accurate intraocular pressure monitoring simulation.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: According to one aspect of the present invention, an artificial eyeball is provided, comprising an outer shell, an inner shell, a transmitting coil, a wire, and a pressure sensor disposed between the outer shell and the inner shell. The inner shell is disposed within the outer shell, the outer shell comprises a first through hole, the inner shell comprises a second through hole, the edges of the first through hole and the second through hole being hermetically connected to seal the interlayer between the outer shell and the inner shell. The outer shell further comprises a wire hole, the transmitting coil is disposed on a surface of the outer shell, a first end of the wire is connected to the pressure sensor, and a second end of the wire passes through the wire hole and is connected to the transmitting coil. The outer shell further comprises a first fixed end disposed on the left side of the shell, a second fixed end disposed on the right side of the shell, and a simulated eyelid fixed to the first and second fixed ends. The simulated eyelid includes an arc-shaped eyelid body attached to the surface of the shell, a drive motor, a first sleeve, a second sleeve and a pull rope; the arc-shaped eyelid body is respectively fixed to the first fixed end and the second fixed end through the first sleeve and the second sleeve, the drive motor is fixed to the top of the shell, the first end of the pull rope is fixed to the bottom end of the arc-shaped eyelid body, and the second end of the pull rope is connected to the rotor of the drive motor. The rotor of the drive motor rotates along a first direction and pulls up the pull rope to drive the arc-shaped eyelid body to move toward the top of the shell, so that the simulated eyelid is in an open state. The rotor of the drive motor rotates along a second direction and loosens the pull rope downward to drive the arc-shaped eyelid body to move toward the bottom of the shell, so that the simulated eyelid is in a closed state.

[0006] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the outer shell and the inner shell are both made of materials that deform under pressure, and the materials include polymethyl methacrylate, silicone rubber, and polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel.

[0007] On the other hand, the present invention also provides an intraocular pressure monitoring simulation platform, comprising: an artificial eyeball, a water injection pipe, a water pressure sensor, a water pressure regulator, a stepping motor, a receiving coil, a signal acquisition device, and a microcontroller; the artificial eyeball is tightly connected to the first end of the water injection pipe through a first through hole and a second through hole, the second end of the water injection pipe is tightly connected to the water pressure regulator, and the water pressure sensor is tightly mounted on the detection hole of the water injection pipe; The water pressure regulator adjusts the water pressure in the water injection pipe and the artificial eyeball, and the pressure sensor senses the pressure electric signal inside the artificial eyeball in real time. The pressure electric signal is transmitted to the transmitting coil through a wire, and the transmitting coil transmits the pressure electric signal to the receiving coil outside the artificial eyeball through mutual inductance; The receiving coil and the transmitting coil communicate with each other to receive a pressure electrical signal, and the signal acquisition device acquires the pressure electrical signal of the receiving coil to obtain an intraocular pressure measurement value; the microcontroller controls the water pressure regulator to adjust the pressure of the water injection pipe, and acquires the signal of the water pressure sensor to obtain the actual intraocular pressure value; The microcontroller dynamically and automatically adjusts the input water pressure setting value according to the intraocular pressure data model, monitors the pressure or flow in the water pressure regulator by collecting water pressure sensor signals in real time, forms a feedback signal according to the pressure or flow, and adjusts the control stepper motor parameters according to the feedback signal to drive the water pressure regulator to regulate the water pressure, thereby ensuring the stability of the water pressure in the artificial eyeball.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the water pressure regulator includes a movable slide and a syringe fixed on the movable slide; the syringe includes a syringe and a needle tube, the syringe needle tube is fixed on the movable slide, the injection port of the syringe needle tube is sealed with the water injection pipe, and the stepping motor is connected to the syringe barrel of the syringe, and the water pressure in the syringe is adjusted by driving the syringe barrel forward or backward.

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the intraocular pressure monitoring simulation platform further includes an eye fluid component, which includes: an eye fluid container for storing simulated eye fluid; a nozzle installed at the mouth of the eye fluid container, extracting simulated eye fluid from the eye fluid container and spraying the simulated eye fluid onto the surface of the shell; a liquid collector for collecting and receiving simulated eye fluid from under the simulated eyelid; and a liquid sensor for measuring and analyzing the simulated eye fluid collected by the liquid collector.

[0010] On the other hand, the present invention also provides an intraocular pressure monitoring simulation method, comprising the following steps: Controlling the water pressure regulator to adjust the water pressure in the water injection pipe and the artificial eyeball according to the intraocular pressure data model; The pressure sensor in the artificial eyeball senses the pressure electrical signal in the artificial eyeball in real time; The pressure electrical signal is transmitted to the transmitting coil via a signal wire, and the transmitting coil transmits the pressure electrical signal to the receiving coil outside the artificial eyeball via mutual inductance; The receiving coil and the transmitting coil communicate with each other to obtain a pressure electric signal, and the signal acquisition device acquires an intraocular pressure measurement value by acquiring the pressure electric signal of the receiving coil; The actual value of intraocular pressure is obtained by collecting signals from the water pressure sensor.

[0011] According to one embodiment of the present invention, controlling a water pressure regulator to adjust the water pressure in a water injection pipe and an artificial eyeball according to an intraocular pressure data model specifically includes: The system dynamically and automatically adjusts the input water pressure set value according to the intraocular pressure data model, monitors the pressure or flow in the water pressure regulator by real-time acquisition of water pressure sensor signals, generates a feedback signal based on the pressure or flow, and adjusts the control parameters of the stepper motor according to the feedback signal to drive the water pressure regulator to regulate the water pressure, thereby ensuring the stability of the water pressure in the artificial eyeball; The data model includes multiple data sets that match pathological or physiological characteristics of the eye; the data sets include intraocular pressure data of glaucoma, normal eyes, and ocular hypertension.

[0012] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the method further includes: extracting simulated eye fluid from the eye fluid container through a nozzle and spraying the simulated eye fluid onto the surface of the housing; collecting and receiving simulated eye fluid from below the simulated eyelid, and measuring and analyzing the simulated eye fluid collected by the fluid collector; During or after the spraying process, the simulated eye fluid on the surface of the shell is periodically brushed and evenly distributed by using the opening and closing action of the simulated eyelid; The simulated ocular fluid is a simulated ocular fluid under glaucoma, normal eye, or ocular hypertension.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the signal acquisition device acquires an intraocular pressure measurement value by acquiring a pressure electrical signal from a receiving coil; specifically, the signal acquisition device includes: The receiving coil receives the pressure electromagnetic wave signal emitted by the transmitting coil and converts it into a pressure electrical signal; Generate a frequency conversion signal according to the control signal, and transmit the frequency conversion signal to the receiving coil after filtering and amplification; The frequency and phase of the frequency conversion signal are adjusted by the control signal to realize the pressure electric signal data collection of the receiving coil, and the pressure electric signal is filtered and noise reduced; the pressure electric signal after filtering and noise reduction is converted into analog to digital to obtain the intraocular pressure measurement value.

[0014] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the method further includes: Verify and analyze the intraocular pressure measurement values ​​obtained based on the data set of the data model and provide the analysis results; The data model includes multiple data sets that match pathological or physiological characteristics of the eye; the data sets include intraocular pressure data of glaucoma, normal eyes, and ocular hypertension.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. Dynamic simulation of eye movement: Currently, most simulated eyeballs are physical structure simulations without functional simulation, which is a static simulation. The artificial eyeball of the present invention can dynamically simulate the changes in intraocular pressure, including functions such as simulating adjustable aqueous humor pressure.

[0016] 2. Highly integrated and intelligent. An innovative control system has been implemented, integrating stepper motor control, pressure sensor monitoring, and microcontroller data processing. This system is unique in its high level of integration and intelligence, enabling precise control and real-time monitoring of simulated intraocular pressure changes.

[0017] 3. Real-time data collection and analysis. A pressure sensor collects real-time pressure data from the simulated eyeball and uploads this data to a host computer for further analysis and processing. This real-time feedback mechanism allows researchers to monitor intraocular pressure changes during the experiment and adjust experimental parameters in a timely manner.

[0018] 4. Conveniently and universally verify the accuracy of pressure sensor values ​​and the feasibility of intraocular pressure detection methods.

[0019] 5. By setting up simulated eyelids and simulated eye fluid, the effect of opening and closing the eyelids on the artificial eyeball can be simulated under the condition of case eye fluid. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The accompanying drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an artificial eyeball according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a simulated eyelid according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of an intraocular pressure monitoring simulation platform according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a simulated eye fluid assembly according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a signal acquisition device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Reference numerals: 11 - Outer shell, 12 - Inner shell, 13 - Pressure sensor, 14 - Wire, 15 - Transmitting coil, 111 - First through hole, 121 - Second through hole, 161 - First fixed end, 162 - Second fixed end, 17 - Simulated eyelid, 170 - Arc-shaped eyelid body, 171 - First sleeve, 172 - Second sleeve, 173 - Drive motor, 174 - Pull rope; 1-artificial eyeball, 2-water injection pipe, 3-water pressure sensor, 4-water pressure regulator, 5-stepping motor, 6-microcontroller, 7-signal acquisition device, 8-receiving coil; 91-eye fluid container, 92-nozzle, 93-liquid collector, 94-liquid sensor.

[0026] 22 - signal filtering and noise reduction unit, 23 - analog-to-digital conversion unit, 24 - control unit, 25 - frequency conversion signal generator, 26 - frequency conversion signal filter, 27 - frequency conversion signal amplifier, 211 - first end of the receiving coil, 212 - second end of the receiving coil. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] To facilitate a clear description of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the words "first" and "second" are used in the embodiments of the present invention to distinguish between identical or similar items with substantially the same functions and effects. For example, the first threshold and the second threshold are merely used to distinguish between different thresholds and do not limit their order. Those skilled in the art will understand that the words "first" and "second" do not limit the quantity or execution order, and the words "first" and "second" do not necessarily mean different.

[0028] It should be noted that, in the present invention, words such as "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations, or descriptions. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" or "for example" in the present invention should not be construed as being preferred or advantageous over other embodiments or designs. Rather, the use of words such as "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a concrete manner.

[0029] In the present invention, "at least one" means one or more, and "more" means two or more. "And / or" describes the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B can mean: the existence of A alone, the existence of A and B at the same time, and the existence of B alone, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates that the previous and next associated objects are in an "or" relationship. The following at least one item (item) or similar expressions refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of single items (items) or plural items (items). For example, at least one item (item) of a, b or c can mean: a, b, c, the combination of a and b, the combination of a and c, the combination of b and c, or the combination of a, b and c, where a, b, c can be single or plural.

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, the artificial eyeball includes an outer shell 11, an inner shell 12, a transmitting coil 15, a wire 14, and a pressure sensor 13 placed between the outer shell and the inner shell. The inner shell is placed inside the outer shell, the outer shell includes a first through hole 111, and the inner shell has a second through hole 121. The edges of the first through hole and the second through hole are tightly connected to seal the interlayer between the outer shell and the inner shell; the outer shell also includes a wire hole, the transmitting coil 15 is placed on the surface of the outer shell, the first end of the wire 14 is connected to the pressure sensor 13, and the second end of the wire passes through the wire hole to connect to the transmitting coil 15.

[0031] like Figure 2As shown, the housing 11 further includes a first fixed end 161 configured on the right side of the housing, a second fixed end 162 configured on the left side of the housing, and a simulated eye curtain 17 fixed to the first fixed end and the second fixed end; the simulated eye curtain 17 includes an arc-shaped eye curtain body 170 attached to the surface of the housing, a first sleeve 171, a second sleeve 172, a drive motor 173 and a pull rope 174; the arc-shaped eye curtain body 170 is fixed to the first fixed end and the second fixed end respectively through the first sleeve and the second sleeve, the drive motor 173 is fixed to the top of the housing, the first end of the pull rope 174 is fixed to the bottom or top of the arc-shaped eye curtain body 170, and the second end of the pull rope is connected to the rotor of the drive motor 173. The rotor of the drive motor rotates in a first direction and pulls up the pull rope to drive the arc-shaped eye curtain body to move toward the top of the housing, so that the simulated eye curtain is in an open state. The rotor of the drive motor rotates in a second direction and releases the pull rope downward to drive the arc-shaped eye curtain body to move toward the bottom of the housing, so that the simulated eye curtain is in a closed state. The first direction is opposite to the second direction, and the first direction is clockwise or counterclockwise.

[0032] Both the outer and inner shells are made of materials that deform under pressure, including polymethyl methacrylate, silicone rubber, and polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel. The outer shell, the main component of the artificial eye, is made of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). PMMA has a moderate hardness, providing stable support for the artificial eye, maintaining a spherical appearance similar to a real eye and resisting deformation, thereby preserving the overall shape of the artificial eye. PMMA is easy to process, and through turning, polishing, and other processes, the outer shell of the artificial eye can be precisely manufactured to meet the desired size, shape, and specific needs. The inner shell is made of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), silicone rubber, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel. The pressure sensor is placed in a layer between the inner and outer shells.

[0033] like Figure 3As shown, an intraocular pressure monitoring simulation platform based on the above-mentioned artificial eyeball includes: an artificial eyeball 1, a water injection pipe 2, a water pressure sensor 3, a water pressure regulator 4, a stepping motor 5, a microcontroller 6, a signal acquisition device 7, and a receiving coil 8; the artificial eyeball 1 is tightly connected to the first end of the water injection pipe 2 through a first through hole and a second through hole, the second end of the water injection pipe is tightly connected to the water pressure regulator 4, and the water pressure sensor 3 is tightly mounted on the detection hole of the water injection pipe; the water pressure regulator 4 adjusts the water pressure in the water injection pipe 2 and the artificial eyeball 1, the pressure sensor 13 senses the pressure electric signal in the artificial eyeball 1 in real time, and the pressure electric signal is transmitted to the transmitting coil 15 through a wire 14, and the transmitting coil transmits the pressure electric signal to the receiving coil 8 outside the artificial eyeball through mutual inductance; The receiving coil 8 and the transmitting coil 15 communicate with each other to receive a pressure electrical signal, and the signal acquisition device 7 acquires the pressure electrical signal of the receiving coil 8 to obtain the intraocular pressure measurement value; the microcontroller 6 controls the water pressure regulator 4 to adjust the pressure of the water injection pipe, and acquires the signal of the water pressure sensor to obtain the actual value of the intraocular pressure; The microcontroller 6 dynamically and automatically adjusts the input water pressure setpoint based on the intraocular pressure data model. It collects water pressure sensor signals in real time, monitors the pressure or flow rate within the water pressure regulator 4, generates a feedback signal based on the pressure or flow rate, and adjusts the parameters of the control stepper motor 5 based on the feedback signal to drive the water pressure regulator 4 to regulate the water pressure, thereby ensuring stable water pressure in the artificial eye. The water pressure sensor is mounted on the detection hole of the water injection pipeline via a three-way connector. The first straight-through end of the three-way connector is connected to the artificial eye, the second straight-through end is connected to the water pressure regulator, and the vertical end is connected to the water pressure sensor.

[0034] The water pressure regulator includes a movable slide and a syringe fixed on the movable slide; the syringe includes a syringe and a needle tube, the syringe needle tube is fixed on the movable slide, the injection port of the syringe needle tube is tightly connected to the water injection pipe, and the stepping motor is connected to the syringe syringe, and the water pressure in the syringe is adjusted by driving the syringe forward or backward.

[0035] like Figure 4 As shown, the intraocular pressure monitoring simulation platform further includes an eye fluid component, which includes: An eye solution container 91, used for storing simulated eye solution; A nozzle 92 is installed at the mouth of the eye solution container, extracting simulated eye solution from the eye solution container and spraying the simulated eye solution onto the surface of the housing; a liquid collector 93 for collecting and receiving simulated eye fluid from below the simulated eyelid; The liquid sensor 94 is used to measure and analyze the simulated eye fluid collected in the liquid collector.

[0036] The microcontroller dynamically and automatically adjusts the input water pressure setpoint based on a data model. It monitors the pressure or flow rate within the syringe by collecting real-time water pressure sensor signals, generates a feedback signal based on the pressure or flow rate, and adjusts the control stepper motor parameters based on the feedback signal to ensure stable pressure or flow rate during the injection process. The microcontroller stores a data model that includes multiple datasets matching ocular pathological or physiological characteristics; the datasets include intraocular pressure data for glaucoma, normal eyes, and ocular hypertension. The microcontroller acquires pressure data from the data model; controls a pressure regulator to adjust the water pressure based on the pressure data; a water pressure sensor measures the actual water pressure; a PID or fuzzy control algorithm is used to dynamically adjust the pressure in real time based on the actual water pressure and target pressure data; the pressure sensor senses the pressure value within the artificial eye and transmits the pressure value via a transmitting coil; a receiving coil receives the pressure signal via electromagnetic mutual induction; and the intraocular pressure measurement value within the artificial eye is obtained based on the pressure signal.

[0037] This intraocular pressure monitoring simulation platform effectively simulates the intraocular pressure changes of a real human eye by controlling the pressure changes within the artificial eyeball. The pressure sensor can obtain real-time pressure inside the artificial eyeball and transmit the collected water pressure data to the host computer for comparison with the signal amplitude collected by the signal acquisition device to generate the pressure-signal amplitude change curve of the pressure sensor.

[0038] Based on the intraocular pressure monitoring simulation platform, an intraocular pressure monitoring simulation method can be implemented, including the following steps: Controlling the water pressure regulator to adjust the water pressure in the water injection pipe and the artificial eyeball according to the intraocular pressure data model; The pressure sensor in the artificial eyeball senses the pressure electrical signal in the artificial eyeball in real time; The pressure electrical signal is transmitted to the transmitting coil via a signal wire, and the transmitting coil transmits the pressure electrical signal to the receiving coil outside the artificial eyeball via mutual inductance; The receiving coil and the transmitting coil communicate with each other to obtain a pressure electric signal, and the signal acquisition device acquires an intraocular pressure measurement value by acquiring the pressure electric signal of the receiving coil; The actual value of intraocular pressure is obtained by collecting signals from the water pressure sensor.

[0039] Among them, the water pressure regulator is controlled according to the intraocular pressure data model to adjust the water pressure in the water injection pipe and the artificial eyeball; specifically, it includes: dynamically and automatically adjusting the input water pressure set value according to the intraocular pressure data model, monitoring the pressure or flow in the water pressure regulator by real-time acquisition of the water pressure sensor signal, forming a feedback signal according to the pressure or flow, and adjusting the control stepper motor parameters according to the feedback signal to drive the water pressure regulator to adjust the water pressure, so as to ensure the stability of the water pressure of the artificial eyeball; the data model includes multiple data sets matching the pathological or physiological characteristics of the eye; the data set includes intraocular pressure data under glaucoma, normal eyes, and ocular hypertension.

[0040] The method further includes: extracting simulated eye fluid from the eye fluid container through a nozzle and spraying the simulated eye fluid onto the surface of the shell; collecting and receiving the simulated eye fluid from below the simulated eyelid, and measuring and analyzing the simulated eye fluid collected by the liquid collector; during or after the spraying process, using the opening and closing action of the simulated eyelid to periodically brush and evenly distribute the simulated eye fluid on the surface of the shell; the simulated eye fluid is simulated eye fluid for glaucoma, normal eye, or ocular hypertension.

[0041] The signal acquisition device obtains an intraocular pressure measurement value by acquiring the pressure electric signal of the receiving coil; specifically, the receiving coil receives the pressure electromagnetic wave signal emitted by the transmitting coil and converts it into a pressure electric signal; a frequency conversion signal is generated according to a control signal, and the frequency conversion signal is transmitted to the receiving coil after filtering and amplification; the frequency and phase of the frequency conversion signal are adjusted by the control signal to realize the pressure electric signal data acquisition of the receiving coil, and the pressure electric signal is filtered and noise-reduced; and the pressure electric signal after filtering and noise reduction is performed on the analog-to-digital conversion to obtain the intraocular pressure measurement value.

[0042] The method also includes: verifying and analyzing the intraocular pressure measurement values ​​obtained based on the data set of the data model and providing analysis results; the data model includes multiple data sets matching the pathological or physiological characteristics of the eye; the data sets include intraocular pressure data under glaucoma, normal eyes, and ocular hypertension.

[0043] The inner surface of the arc-shaped eyelid body 170 , ie, the surface facing the outer shell, has a grid pattern or a longitude and latitude pattern.

[0044] The grid pattern divides the surface into multiple cells, each with the same area and shape. When scraping, each cell is first evenly applied, and then the entire area is combed to ensure a natural and even transition between adjacent cells. The grid structure helps to guide and organize the liquid as it flows downward, preventing disordered flow and localized accumulation of liquid.

[0045] The surface is patterned with lines similar to those on Earth. The surface is scraped along the longitude and latitude of the sphere, with equal spacing between the lines to create regular rectangular areas, ensuring that each area is evenly coated with liquid. The grooves formed by the lines guide the liquid downward, allowing it to flow in an orderly manner along these grooves, preventing it from flowing haphazardly at random locations on the surface, thereby ensuring smooth liquid flow.

[0046] The intraocular pressure monitoring simulation platform of the present invention uses a stepper motor to precisely control the movement of the slide, thereby controlling the withdrawal and pulling of the syringe, enabling fine adjustment of simulated internal eye pressure changes. This precise control not only improves the realism of the simulation but also makes the experimental conditions more stable and controllable. Simultaneously, a pressure sensor acquires and transmits real-time pressure data from the artificial eye to a host computer, enabling instant monitoring and feedback of intraocular pressure changes, providing a reliable foundation for subsequent data analysis and comparison.

[0047] like Figure 5 As shown, a schematic diagram of the specific structure of the signal acquisition device 7 is given. The receiving coil 8 is used to receive the pressure electromagnetic wave signal emitted by the transmitting coil and convert it into a pressure electrical signal; the signal acquisition device 7 is used to acquire an intraocular pressure signal from the pressure electrical signal of the receiving coil. The signal acquisition device 7 includes: a signal filtering and noise reduction unit 22, an analog-to-digital conversion unit 23, a control unit 24, a frequency conversion signal generator 25, a frequency conversion signal filter 26, and a frequency conversion signal amplifier 27; the signal filtering and noise reduction unit 22 is connected to the first end 211 of the receiving coil, and the frequency conversion signal amplifier 27 is connected to the second end 212 of the receiving coil; The control unit 24 sends a control signal to the frequency conversion signal generator 25. The frequency conversion signal generator 25 generates a frequency conversion signal according to the control signal. The frequency conversion signal is filtered by the frequency conversion signal filter 26 and amplified by the frequency conversion signal amplifier 27 before being transmitted to the receiving coil 8. The control unit 24 adjusts the frequency and phase of the frequency conversion signal through the control signal to realize the pressure electrical signal data collection of the receiving coil 8, and the signal filtering and noise reduction unit 22 filters and reduces the noise of the pressure electrical signal; the analog-to-digital conversion unit 23 performs analog-to-digital conversion on the pressure electrical signal after filtering and noise reduction to obtain a pressure digital signal; the control unit 24 obtains the intraocular pressure signal based on the pressure digital signal.

[0048] The control unit is an MCU signal processor. The MCU sends control signals to the variable frequency signal generator. These control signals adjust the operating frequency and amplitude of the variable frequency signal generator to optimize signal generation and transmission, ensuring optimal signal transmission quality under different monitoring environments. For example, when signal strength is weak, the MCU signal processor can adjust the variable frequency signal generator to increase the frequency or amplitude of the signal, thereby enhancing signal penetration and stability to address possible noise interference or signal attenuation.

[0049] In order to monitor the intraocular pressure status of the artificial eye in real time, after detecting information such as pressure changes, the control unit is an MCU signal processor. The MCU signal processor reports to the host computer via WIFI, Bluetooth or the Internet, and the host computer controls the display to display the data.

[0050] In order to improve the accuracy and stability of intraocular pressure data, the present invention adopts a series of effective algorithms and methods in signal analysis, filtering and optimization. The signal filtering and noise reduction unit is used to filter and reduce the pressure electric signal, which specifically includes: Wavelet transform is used to denoise the pressure electrical signal, effectively separating the low-frequency part carrying intraocular pressure information from the high-frequency noise part; Use Kalman filtering to filter out high-frequency noise and low-frequency interference in real time under dynamic environments; The intraocular pressure signal after Kalman filtering was smoothed using mean filtering and weighted moving average method.

[0051] 1. Signal analysis and denoising: Because intraocular pressure signals may be affected by external environmental noise, wavelet transform is used to denoise the signal. Wavelet transform can effectively separate the low-frequency component (representing intraocular pressure information) from the high-frequency noise component.

[0052] Where W represents wavelet transform, Threshold is the threshold selected according to the noise level of the signal, and high-frequency components smaller than the threshold are removed.

[0053] 2. Filtering algorithm: To further eliminate low-frequency interference and high-frequency noise in the signal, the Kalman filter method is used. Kalman filtering can achieve real-time filtering of signals in a dynamic environment and has good adaptability and strong robustness. Kalman filter formula: in, is the current estimate, is the measured value, is the system matrix, is the Kalman gain, which controls the weighting of prediction error and measurement error. In practical applications, the output signal of the filter circuit is fed into a microcontroller or digital signal processor for further processing using the Kalman filter algorithm. The microcontroller can run the Kalman filter algorithm to estimate and update the output signal of the filter circuit in real time, thereby obtaining more accurate intraocular pressure measurements.

[0054] 3. Signal optimization and smoothing: For the collected intraocular pressure signal, use mean filtering and weighted moving average method to optimize the processing, thereby reducing sudden noise and improving signal smoothness. Weighted moving average algorithm: , where w i is a weighting factor, usually set based on the importance of the signal or the accuracy of historical data. By weighted averaging, the intraocular pressure data can be smoothed and its stability improved.

[0055] 4. Signal feature extraction and trend prediction: For the feature extraction of continuous intraocular pressure data, Fourier transform and time domain analysis methods are used to extract the periodic characteristics and trends of intraocular pressure changes.

[0056] Fourier transform formula: ,in, represents the frequency domain signal, It is a time domain signal, and Fourier transform helps extract the frequency components in the signal for further analysis of the periodic fluctuations of intraocular pressure.

[0057] The data obtained in real time by the continuous intraocular pressure monitoring device can be combined with an artificial intelligence (AI) model to assist in the classification of eye diseases.

[0058] First, data collection and preprocessing are performed. Using an intraocular pressure measurement device, patients' intraocular pressure data are continuously collected. Simultaneously, other ocular image data, such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) images and fundus color photographs, are collected. The collected intraocular pressure data and image data are preprocessed, including data cleaning, normalization, and image enhancement, to improve data quality and consistency.

[0059] Next, feature extraction and selection are performed. Wavelet transforms are used to extract features from intraocular pressure data and / or image data. Wavelet transforms effectively decompose signals and images, extracting features at different scales and frequencies, helping to capture subtle changes and abnormal patterns in the data. Through methods such as correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA), features with a high correlation with eye diseases are selected, reducing data dimensionality and improving model efficiency and accuracy.

[0060] The classification results can be compared with the loaded data model dataset to determine the simulation system's measurement accuracy. The intraocular pressure monitoring simulation platform not only simulates intraocular pressure changes and monitors intraocular pressure in real time, but also connects to signal acquisition equipment to compare the pressure sensor's pressure-signal amplitude curve. This versatility enables the system to be applied to a wider range of experimental and research fields. Furthermore, the system's scalability allows for future functional upgrades and performance optimization.

[0061] By precisely controlling the stepper motor and providing real-time feedback of pressure data, experimental efficiency and accuracy can be significantly improved. While traditional experimental methods may require manual pressure adjustment and data recording, this invention achieves automated control and data collection, significantly reducing experimental time and human error.

[0062] Although the present invention is described herein in conjunction with various embodiments, in the process of implementing the claimed invention, those skilled in the art may understand and implement other variations of the disclosed embodiments by reviewing the drawings, the disclosure, and the drawings, etc. In the specification, the word "comprising" does not exclude other components or steps, and "a" or "an" does not exclude multiple situations. A single processor or other unit can implement several functions listed in the specification. Certain measures are recorded in different embodiments, but this does not mean that these measures cannot be combined to produce good results.

[0063] Although the present invention has been described with reference to specific features and embodiments thereof, it will be apparent that various modifications and combinations thereof may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, this specification and drawings are merely illustrative of the present invention and are deemed to cover any and all modifications, variations, combinations or equivalents within the scope of the invention. It will be apparent that various modifications and variations of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is intended to include such modifications and variations as fall within the scope of the invention and its equivalents.

Claims

1. An artificial eyeball, characterized in that: The artificial eyeball includes an outer shell, an inner shell, a transmitting coil, a wire, and a pressure sensor disposed between the outer shell and the inner shell. The inner shell is disposed within the outer shell. The outer shell includes a first through hole, and the inner shell has a second through hole. The edges of the first through hole and the second through hole are tightly connected to seal the interlayer between the outer shell and the inner shell. The outer shell also includes a wire hole. The transmitting coil is disposed on the surface of the outer shell. The first end of the wire is connected to the pressure sensor, and the second end of the wire passes through the wire hole and is connected to the transmitting coil. The outer shell also includes a first fixed end disposed on the left side of the shell, a second fixed end disposed on the right side of the shell, and a simulated eyelid fixed to the first and second fixed ends. The simulated eyelid includes an arc-shaped eyelid body attached to the surface of the shell, a drive motor, a first sleeve, a second sleeve and a pull rope; the arc-shaped eyelid body is respectively fixed to the first fixed end and the second fixed end through the first sleeve and the second sleeve, the drive motor is fixed to the top of the shell, the first end of the pull rope is fixed to the bottom end of the arc-shaped eyelid body, and the second end of the pull rope is connected to the rotor of the drive motor. The rotor of the drive motor rotates along a first direction and pulls up the pull rope to drive the arc-shaped eyelid body to move toward the top of the shell, so that the simulated eyelid is in an open state. The rotor of the drive motor rotates along a second direction and loosens the pull rope downward to drive the arc-shaped eyelid body to move toward the bottom of the shell, so that the simulated eyelid is in a closed state.

2. The artificial eyeball according to claim 1, wherein The outer shell and the inner shell are both made of materials that deform under pressure, and the materials include polymethyl methacrylate, silicone rubber, and polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel.

3. An intraocular pressure monitoring simulation platform based on the artificial eyeball according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: include: An artificial eyeball, a water injection pipe, a water pressure sensor, a water pressure regulator, a stepping motor, a receiving coil, a signal acquisition device, and a microcontroller; the artificial eyeball is tightly connected to the first end of the water injection pipe through a first through hole and a second through hole, the second end of the water injection pipe is tightly connected to the water pressure regulator, and the water pressure sensor is tightly mounted on the detection hole of the water injection pipe; The water pressure regulator adjusts the water pressure in the water injection pipe and the artificial eyeball, and the pressure sensor senses the pressure electric signal inside the artificial eyeball in real time. The pressure electric signal is transmitted to the transmitting coil through a wire, and the transmitting coil transmits the pressure electric signal to the receiving coil outside the artificial eyeball through mutual inductance; The receiving coil and the transmitting coil communicate with each other to receive a pressure electrical signal, and the signal acquisition device acquires the pressure electrical signal of the receiving coil to obtain an intraocular pressure measurement value; the microcontroller controls the water pressure regulator to adjust the pressure of the water injection pipe, and acquires the signal of the water pressure sensor to obtain the actual intraocular pressure value; The microcontroller dynamically and automatically adjusts the input water pressure setting value according to the intraocular pressure data model, monitors the pressure or flow in the water pressure regulator by collecting water pressure sensor signals in real time, forms a feedback signal according to the pressure or flow, and adjusts the control stepper motor parameters according to the feedback signal to drive the water pressure regulator to regulate the water pressure, thereby ensuring the stability of the water pressure in the artificial eyeball.

4. The intraocular pressure monitoring simulation platform according to claim 3, characterized in that: The platform also includes: The water pressure regulator includes a movable slide and a syringe fixed on the movable slide; the syringe includes a syringe and a needle tube, the syringe needle tube is fixed on the movable slide, the injection port of the syringe needle tube is tightly connected to the water injection pipe, and the stepping motor is connected to the syringe syringe, and the water pressure in the syringe is adjusted by driving the syringe forward or backward.

5. The intraocular pressure monitoring simulation platform according to claim 3, characterized in that: The intraocular pressure monitoring simulation platform further includes an eye fluid component, which includes: Eye solution container, used for storing simulated eye solution; a nozzle, mounted on the mouth of the eye solution container, for drawing simulated eye solution from the eye solution container and spraying the simulated eye solution onto the surface of the housing; A liquid collector, used for collecting and receiving simulated eye fluid from below the simulated eyelid; A liquid sensor is used to measure and analyze the simulated eye fluid collected in the liquid collector.

6. An intraocular pressure monitoring simulation method based on the intraocular pressure monitoring simulation platform according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Controlling the water pressure regulator to adjust the water pressure in the water injection pipe and the artificial eyeball according to the intraocular pressure data model; The pressure sensor in the artificial eyeball senses the pressure electrical signal in the artificial eyeball in real time; The pressure electrical signal is transmitted to the transmitting coil via a signal wire, and the transmitting coil transmits the pressure electrical signal to the receiving coil outside the artificial eyeball via mutual inductance; The receiving coil and the transmitting coil communicate with each other to obtain a pressure electric signal, and the signal acquisition device acquires an intraocular pressure measurement value by acquiring the pressure electric signal of the receiving coil; The actual value of intraocular pressure is obtained by collecting signals from the water pressure sensor.

7. The intraocular pressure monitoring simulation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: Controlling the water pressure regulator to adjust the water pressure in the water injection pipe and the artificial eyeball according to the intraocular pressure data model; specifically including: The system dynamically and automatically adjusts the input water pressure set value according to the intraocular pressure data model, collects water pressure sensor signals in real time, monitors the pressure or flow in the water pressure regulator, generates a feedback signal based on the pressure or flow, and adjusts the control stepper motor parameters according to the feedback signal to drive the water pressure regulator to adjust the water pressure, thereby ensuring the stability of the water pressure in the artificial eyeball; The data model includes multiple data sets that match pathological or physiological characteristics of the eye; the data sets include intraocular pressure data of glaucoma, normal eyes, and ocular hypertension.

8. The intraocular pressure monitoring simulation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The method further comprises: extracting simulated eye fluid from the eye fluid container through a nozzle and spraying the simulated eye fluid onto the surface of the housing; collecting and receiving simulated eye fluid from below the simulated eyelid, and measuring and analyzing the simulated eye fluid collected by the fluid collector; During or after the spraying process, the simulated eye fluid on the surface of the shell is periodically brushed and evenly distributed by using the opening and closing action of the simulated eyelid; The simulated ocular fluid is a simulated ocular fluid under glaucoma, normal eye, or ocular hypertension.

9. The intraocular pressure monitoring simulation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The signal acquisition device acquires an intraocular pressure measurement value by acquiring the pressure electrical signal of the receiving coil; specifically comprising: The receiving coil receives the pressure electromagnetic wave signal emitted by the transmitting coil and converts it into a pressure electrical signal; Generate a frequency conversion signal according to the control signal, and transmit the frequency conversion signal to the receiving coil after filtering and amplification; The frequency and phase of the frequency conversion signal are adjusted by the control signal to realize the pressure electric signal data collection of the receiving coil, and the pressure electric signal is filtered and noise reduced; the pressure electric signal after filtering and noise reduction is converted into analog to digital to obtain the intraocular pressure measurement value.

10. The intraocular pressure monitoring simulation method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The method further comprises: Verify and analyze the intraocular pressure measurement values ​​obtained based on the data set of the data model and provide the analysis results; The data model includes multiple data sets that match pathological or physiological characteristics of the eye; the data sets include intraocular pressure data of glaucoma, normal eyes, and ocular hypertension.

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