Chemical weather mode forecasting method and system based on atmosphere-chemistry bidirectional coupling

Abstract

The invention discloses a chemical weather mode forecasting method and system based on atmosphere-chemical bidirectional coupling, and the method comprises the steps: carrying out the whole-course variable registration, writing in a grid pointer variable to obtain grid static ground data, extracting key physical parameters, calculating the power of a tracker array in a main integral program, transmitting the power to a CHEM driver, calling the CHEM driver in the main integral program, and carrying out the calculation of the power of the tracker array in the main integral program. Meanwhile, a CMAMeso meteorological field, the tracker array, the physical parameters and the grid static ground data are transmitted to CUACE for atmospheric chemical process calculation, and an atmospheric chemical process calculation result is transmitted back to the main integral program to realize atmospheric-chemical online coupling; the method comprises the steps of establishing aerosol key radiation parameter real-time calculation, performing cloud droplet real-time activation to obtain cloud droplet number concentration, establishing an aerosol-cloud interaction mechanism to output cloud layer parameters, updating a radiation transmission scheme, and performing numerical forecasting of environmental meteorology and weather elements. And meanwhile, the method has good physical interpretability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of weather forecasting, and in particular to a chemical weather model forecasting method and system based on atmosphere-chemistry bidirectional coupling. Background Art

[0002] Haze, sandstorms, and dust storms are crucial components of severe weather forecasts in my country and globally. Numerical weather prediction models drive atmospheric chemistry models, which, combined with natural and anthropogenic emissions, can provide aerosol concentrations of dust seas, haze, and other events, enabling numerical weather forecasts. Furthermore, aerosol particles suspended in the atmosphere interact with radiation and clouds, significantly influencing conventional weather forecast elements and regional circulation, ultimately affecting the accuracy of sandstorm and haze forecasts. Atmospheric chemistry models rely not only on atmospheric dynamics and physical processes, but also on the accurate description of the feedback mechanisms of atmospheric chemical processes on weather forecasts.

[0003] Most current atmospheric chemistry models do not include a bidirectional coupling mechanism between chemistry and weather, or the coupling mechanism is too simple and does not achieve the desired effect. To address the above issues, the present invention proposes a chemical weather model forecasting system based on bidirectional atmospheric-chemical coupling. Based on the weather forecast model CMA Meso and the atmospheric chemistry model CUACE, a new atmospheric-chemical online forecasting system is established. Furthermore, through the interaction of aerosol-cloud-radiation-dynamic processes, a regional-chemical weather forecasting model system is implemented that quantifies the interaction between human activities and radiation-clouds in weather forecasts and realizes bidirectional feedback of chemical-weather processes. This provides more accurate forecast results for PM2.5, PM10, aerosol optical thickness, atmospheric extinction coefficient, visibility, and human activities. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a chemical weather model forecasting method and system based on atmosphere-chemistry bidirectional coupling.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented according to the following technical solutions:

[0006] The present invention comprises the following steps:

[0007] Performing full variable registration to obtain initial static ground data, and writing a grid pointer variable into the initial static ground data to obtain grid static ground data;

[0008] Establish a CHEM driver in the main integration program of CMAMeso to transfer the CMAMeso meteorological field, tracer array, key physical parameters and the grid static ground data to CUACE;

[0009] Perform atmospheric chemical process calculations in the CUACE, and transmit the atmospheric chemical process calculation results back to the main integration program of the CMAMeso to establish a CMAMeso-CUACE atmospheric chemical online weather model;

[0010] Collect the full-band aerosol refractive index to calculate the particle radiation parameters. Calculate the aerosol-radiation interaction based on the CMAMeso real-time forecast of the concentration of aerosol particles n to obtain the integrated radiation parameters. Input the integrated radiation parameters into the CMAMeso-CUACE atmospheric chemistry online weather model, update the radiation transfer scheme, and complete the aerosol-radiation coupling mechanism.

[0011] Cloud droplet activation is performed based on the real-time forecast of aerosol number concentration by CUACE to obtain the cloud droplet number concentration, and an aerosol-cloud interaction mechanism at the grid-subscale is established to output cloud layer parameters. The radiation transfer scheme and cloud physics scheme are updated based on the cloud droplet number concentration and the cloud layer parameters to complete the aerosol-cloud interaction mechanism. Environmental and weather elements are forecasted based on the updated CMAMeso-CUACE atmospheric chemistry online weather model.

[0012] Furthermore, the method for obtaining grid static ground data includes:

[0013] Input the emission source inventory into the CMAMeso framework to register the static ground data for full-process variables to obtain the initial static ground data; the CMAMeso includes a physical module, a dynamic module and a main integration program; the initial static ground data includes a tracer array, an emission source emiss array, soil particle size soil and land vegetation fland; the tracer array is specifically expressed as (n i ,n k ,n j ,n), that is, the three-dimensional space coordinates (n i ,n k ,n j ) corresponds to the chemical prediction quantity number n, n i is the number of horizontal grid points from west to east, n k is the number of vertical layers from bottom to top, n jis the number of horizontal grid points from south to north; the aerosol includes hydrophilic aerosol and ice-loving aerosol; the hydrophilic aerosol includes organic carbon oc, sea salt ss, sulfate sf, nitrate nt and ammonium salt am; the ice-loving aerosol includes black carbon bc and dust sd; the aerosol is divided into 12 particle size segments except ammonium salt am; the chemical prediction quantity n∈[0,151] includes aerosol and gas; the number of gases is 78; the emission source emiss array is specifically represented as (i,j,m), that is, the emission source type m corresponding to the ground coordinate (i,j); the soil particle size soil is specifically represented as (i,j,o), that is, the soil particle size o corresponding to the ground coordinate (i,j); the land vegetation fland is specifically represented as (i,j,l), that is, the land vegetation type l corresponding to the ground coordinate (i,j);

[0014] In the pre-processing and data input module of CMAMeso, the initial static ground data is read and the grid pointer variable is written into the initial static ground data to update the three-dimensional space coordinates (n i ,n k ,n j ) and ground coordinates (i, j) to obtain grid static ground data.

[0015] Furthermore, the key physical parameters are output from the corresponding physical module of CMAMeso to the main integration program, including the turbulent diffusion coefficient K m , convective and non-convective precipitation rates Qr, upward cloud flux mu, cloud entrainment eu, ground ice cover ice, and ground snow cover snow.

[0016] Furthermore, the CMAMeso meteorological field is obtained by CMAMeso weather forecast, including temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind speed, atmospheric humidity and precipitation rate.

[0017] Furthermore, the method for establishing the CMAMeso-CUACE atmospheric chemistry online model comprises:

[0018] The tracer array is powered by the power module of CMAMeso and is transmitted to the main integration program; the power transmission includes horizontal transmission and vertical transmission;

[0019] Establish a CHEM driver in the main integration program of CMAMeso to transfer the CMAMeso meteorological field, physical parameters and the grid static ground data to CUACE;

[0020] The transferred tracer array is used to calculate atmospheric chemical processes in the gaseous chemistry module of the CUACE. The CUACE includes an aerosol module, a gaseous chemistry module, and a thermodynamic equilibrium module. The aerosol module includes aerosol advection, turbulent transport, collision, nucleation, condensation, dry and wet deposition, and heterogeneous processes. The gaseous chemistry module is used to process the mutual conversion of aerosols and gases. The thermodynamic equilibrium module is used to calculate the nitrate process. The atmospheric chemical process calculation includes 177 chemical reactions of 62 gases and 23 photochemical reactions.

[0021] The tracer array calculated after the atmospheric chemical process is transmitted back to the main integration program of the CMAMeso through the CHEM driver, and the CMAMeso-CUACE atmospheric chemistry online weather model is established based on the change relationship of the tracer array between the CHEM driver and CUACE.

[0022] Furthermore, the method for achieving the aerosol-radiation coupling mechanism includes:

[0023] Laboratory data on the refractive index of aerosols over the full wavelength range from shortwave to longwave were collected, and aerosols were classified into dry particles and wet particles. The particle radiation parameters of each dry aerosol particle were calculated based on the Mie scattering principle. The dry aerosol particles did not consider the influence of humidity. The particle radiation parameters of the dry aerosol particles included particle extinction efficiency, particle extinction coefficient, particle optical thickness, particle word scattering albedo, and particle asymmetry factor, and the expression is:

[0024] Kext m,n (λ)=3Qe m,n (λ) / 4r n ρ m (1)

[0025]

[0026] Among them Qe m,n (λ) is the particle extinction efficiency of dry particles of type m aerosol and particle size range n at wavelength λ, Kext m,n (λ) is the extinction coefficient of dry particles of type m aerosol and particle size range n at wavelength λ, r n is the effective radius of aerosol particles corresponding to particle size segment n, ρ m is the density of dry particles of type m aerosol, AOD m,n (λ) is the optical thickness of aerosol particles corresponding to the mth type of aerosol, the particle size segment is n, k is the total number of vertical layers, C m,n is the mass concentration of aerosol particles corresponding to type m of aerosol and particle size segment n, Δz iis the thickness of the i-th vertical layer of the pattern, corresponding to the vertical layering of the chemical tracer array;

[0027] The concentrations of different aerosol types m and different particle segments n are predicted in real time by CMAMeso. The particle radiation parameters of each hygroscopic aerosol particle at different humidity RH are calculated according to the KOLA equation. External or internal mixing is performed to calculate the comprehensive radiation parameters required for aerosol-radiation interaction. The comprehensive radiation parameters include aerosol optical depth (AOD). m,n (RH,λ), word scattering ratio SSA m,n (RH,λ) and the asymmetric factor ASY m,n (RH,λ), the expression is:

[0028]

[0029] Among them, AOD m,n (RH,λ) is the optical thickness of aerosol particles corresponding to the mth type of aerosol and the particle size segment n, SSA m,n (RH,λ) is the single scattering ratio of aerosol particles corresponding to the mth type of aerosol and the particle size segment n, ASY m,n (RH,λ) is the asymmetry factor of aerosol particles corresponding to the mth type of aerosol and the particle size segment n; AOD(RH,λ) is the integrated optical depth of the aerosol at humidity RH and wavelength λ; SSA(RH,λ) is the integrated single scattering ratio of the aerosol; ASY(RH,λ) is the integrated asymmetry factor of the aerosol;

[0030] The integrated radiation parameters are input into the parameter settings of the CMAMeso-CUACE atmospheric chemistry online weather model to update the radiation transfer scheme.

[0031] Furthermore, the method for achieving the aerosol-cloud interaction mechanism includes:

[0032] According to the real-time forecast of hydrophilic aerosol number concentration by CUACE, the cloud droplet number concentration is obtained by activating the hydrophilic aerosol through cloud droplets according to the new cloud microphysics scheme and cumulus convection scheme. The expression is:

[0033] g(n i ,n k ,n j )=AF·NWFA(n i ,n k ,n j ) (6)

[0034]

[0035] where g(n i ,n k ,nj ) is the three-dimensional coordinate (n i ,n k ,n j ) cloud droplet number concentration, NWFA (n i ,n k ,n j ) is the number concentration of hydrophilic CCN type aerosol, N a (n i ,n k ,n j ,n) is the number concentration of aerosol corresponding to the chemical prediction quantity number n. The number of hydrophilic aerosol particles of different categories and particle size segments is 49. tracer(n i ,n k ,n j ,n) is the three-dimensional coordinate (n i ,n k ,n j ) The number of chemical prediction quantity number n, that is, the number of hydrophilic aerosol particles numbered n, r n is the average radius of hydrophilic aerosol particles n, ρ n is the density of hydrophilic aerosol particles n, and AF is the activation fraction, which is determined by the predicted ambient temperature, hydrophilic aerosol number concentration, preset hygroscopicity parameters, and aerosol average radius in a lookup table created based on the Kohler activation theory;

[0036] Establishing the aerosol-cloud interaction mechanism (ACI) at the grid-subscale to output cloud parameters; the cloud parameters include cloud water Qc, cloud droplet Rc, cloud ice Qi water content and cloud ice Qi radius;

[0037] In the CMA Meso main integration program, cloud droplet number concentration and cloud layer parameters are input into the CMA Meso-CUACE atmospheric chemistry online weather model to update the radiation transfer scheme, and weather elements are forecasted based on the updated CMA Meso-CUACE atmospheric chemistry online weather model.

[0038] The second aspect is the chemical weather model forecasting system based on the atmosphere-chemistry bidirectional coupling, including:

[0039] Emission source inventory module: used to view, manage and store emission source data;

[0040] CMAMeso module: used to register all variables of static ground data to obtain initial static ground data, write grid pointer variables to initial static ground data to obtain grid static ground data; used to extract physical parameters from the physical module of CMAMeso to the main integration program, and transmit the tracer array to the main integration program through the power module of CMA Meso; used to establish the CHEMdriver interface; used to construct the CMAMeso-CUACE atmospheric chemistry online weather model based on the returned atmospheric chemical process calculation results; used to timely forecast the concentration of aerosol particles n;

[0041] CHEM driver module: used to transfer the CMAMeso meteorological field, the physical parameters and the grid static ground data to CUACE; used to return the atmospheric chemical process calculation results to the main integration program of CMAMeso;

[0042] CUACE module: used to calculate atmospheric chemical processes using the passed tracer array; used to predict aerosol number concentration in real time;

[0043] Model update module: used to collect aerosol full-band refractive index to calculate particle radiation parameters, combine the concentrations of m types of aerosol particles in n bands for external and internal mixing to determine comprehensive radiation parameters, and input the aerosol comprehensive radiation parameters into the CMAMeso-CUACE atmospheric chemistry online weather model to update the radiation transfer scheme; used to activate cloud droplets based on aerosol number concentration to obtain cloud droplet number concentration, establish an aerosol-cloud interaction mechanism at the grid-subscale to output cloud layer parameters, and update the radiation transfer scheme and cloud physics scheme based on the cloud droplet number concentration and the cloud layer parameters;

[0044] Forecast module: used for the updated CMAMeso-CUACE atmospheric chemistry online weather model to forecast environmental and weather element numerical forecasts.

[0045] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0046] The present invention is a chemical weather model forecasting method and system based on atmosphere-chemistry bidirectional coupling. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects:

[0047] The regional chemical-weather coupling model system developed by this patent can not only provide concentration forecasts of 73 different types and sizes of aerosol particles, 78 gaseous species with a total of 150 tracer arrays, PM1, PM2. 2.5 、PM 10, atmospheric extinction coefficient, AOD, visibility and other environmental factors forecast, and can provide a more accurate traditional numerical weather factor forecast method that fully considers the impact of human activities. It can adapt to different atmospheric-chemical two-way coupled chemical weather model forecast systems and the forecast needs of atmospheric-chemical two-way coupled chemical weather models of different users, and has a certain universality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the steps of the chemical weather model forecasting method based on atmosphere-chemistry bidirectional coupling of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The present invention will be further described below through specific examples. The illustrative examples and descriptions of the present invention are used to explain the present invention but are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0050] The present invention provides a chemical weather model forecasting method and system based on atmosphere-chemistry bidirectional coupling, comprising the following steps:

[0051] like Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, the following steps are included:

[0052] Performing full variable registration to obtain initial static ground data, and writing a grid pointer variable into the initial static ground data to obtain grid static ground data;

[0053] Establish a CHEM driver in the main integration program of CMA Meso to transfer the CMA Meso meteorological field, tracer array, key physical parameters and the grid static ground data to CUACE;

[0054] Perform atmospheric chemical process calculations in the CUACE, and transmit the atmospheric chemical process calculation results back to the main integration program of the CMAMeso to establish a CMAMeso-CUACE atmospheric chemical online weather model;

[0055] Collect the full-band aerosol refractive index to calculate the particle radiation parameters. Calculate the aerosol-radiation interaction based on the CMAMeso real-time forecast of the concentration of aerosol particles n to obtain the integrated radiation parameters. Input the integrated radiation parameters into the CMAMeso-CUACE atmospheric chemistry online weather model, update the radiation transfer scheme, and complete the aerosol-radiation coupling mechanism.

[0056] Cloud droplet activation is performed based on the real-time forecast of aerosol number concentration by CUACE to obtain the cloud droplet number concentration, and an aerosol-cloud interaction mechanism at the grid-subscale is established to output cloud layer parameters. The radiation transfer scheme and cloud physics scheme are updated based on the cloud droplet number concentration and the cloud layer parameters to complete the aerosol-cloud interaction mechanism. Environmental and weather elements are forecasted based on the updated CMAMeso-CUACE atmospheric chemistry online weather model.

[0057] In this embodiment, the method for obtaining grid static ground data includes:

[0058] Input the emission source inventory into the CMAMeso framework to register the static ground data for full-process variables to obtain the initial static ground data; the CMAMeso includes a physical module, a dynamic module and a main integration program; the initial static ground data includes a tracer array, an emission source emiss array, soil particle size soil and land vegetation fland; the tracer array is specifically expressed as (n i ,n k ,n j ,n), that is, the three-dimensional space coordinates (n i ,n k ,n j ) corresponds to the chemical prediction quantity number n, n i is the number of horizontal grid points from west to east, n k is the number of vertical layers from bottom to top, n j is the number of horizontal grid points from south to north; the aerosol includes hydrophilic aerosol and ice-loving aerosol; the hydrophilic aerosol includes organic carbon oc, sea salt ss, sulfate sf, nitrate nt and ammonium salt am; the ice-loving aerosol includes black carbon bc and dust sd; the aerosol is divided into 12 particle size segments except ammonium salt am; the chemical prediction quantity n∈[0,151] includes aerosol and gas; the number of gases is 78; the emission source emiss array is specifically represented as (i,j,m), that is, the emission source type m corresponding to the ground coordinate (i,j); the soil particle size soil is specifically represented as (i,j,o), that is, the soil particle size o corresponding to the ground coordinate (i,j); the land vegetation fland is specifically represented as (i,j,l), that is, the land vegetation type l corresponding to the ground coordinate (i,j);

[0059] In the pre-processing and data input module of CMAMeso, the initial static ground data is read and the grid pointer variable is written into the initial static ground data to update the three-dimensional space coordinates (n i ,n k ,n j ) and ground coordinates (i, j) to obtain grid static ground data;

[0060] In the actual assessment, the number of horizontal grid points from west to east and from south to north is given specific values ​​according to the calculation area required by the user. The number of vertical layers from bottom to top is fixed at 49. The 12 aerosol particle size segments are specifically expressed as (radius range, unit: μm): 0.005-0.01, 0.01-0.02, 0.02-0.04, 0.04-0.08, 0.08-0.16, 0.16-0.32, 0.32-0.64, 0.64-1.28, 1.28-2.56, 2.56-5.12, 5.12-10.24, 10.24-20.48. There are a total of 32 emission source types, 15 soil particle size types, and 15 land vegetation types.

[0061] In this embodiment, the key physical parameters are output from the corresponding physical module of CMAMeso to the main integration program, specifically including the turbulent diffusion coefficient K m , convective and non-convective precipitation rates Qr, upward cloud flux mu, cloud entrainment eu, ground ice cover ice, and ground snow cover snow.

[0062] In this embodiment, the CMAMeso meteorological field is obtained by CMAMeso weather forecast, including temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind speed, atmospheric humidity and precipitation rate.

[0063] In this embodiment, the method for establishing the CMAMeso-CUACE atmospheric chemistry online model includes:

[0064] The tracer array completes the power transmission process in the main integration program through the power module of CMAMeso; the power transmission process includes horizontal transmission and vertical transmission;

[0065] Establishing a CHEM driver interface program in the main integration program of CMAMeso to transfer the CMAMeso meteorological field, physical parameters and the grid static ground data to CUACE;

[0066] The transferred tracer array is used to calculate atmospheric chemical processes in the gaseous chemistry module of the CUACE. The CUACE includes an aerosol module, a gaseous chemistry module, and a thermodynamic equilibrium module. The aerosol module includes aerosol turbulent transport, collision, nucleation, condensation, dry and wet deposition, and heterogeneous processes. The gaseous chemistry module is used to process the mutual conversion of aerosols and gases. The thermodynamic equilibrium module is used to calculate the nitrate process. The atmospheric chemical process calculation includes 177 chemical reactions of 62 gases and 23 photochemical reactions.

[0067] The tracer array and other related parameters and physical quantities calculated through the atmospheric chemical process are transmitted back to the main integration program of the CMAMeso through the CHEMdriver, and the CMAMeso-CUACE atmospheric chemistry online weather model is established based on the change relationship of the tracer array between the CHEM driver and CUACE.

[0068] In this embodiment, the method for achieving the aerosol-radiation coupling mechanism includes:

[0069] Laboratory data on the refractive index of aerosols over the full wavelength range from shortwave to longwave were collected, and aerosols were classified into dry particles and wet particles. The particle radiation parameters of each dry aerosol particle were calculated based on the Mie scattering principle. The dry aerosol particles did not consider the influence of humidity. The particle radiation parameters of the dry aerosol particles included particle extinction efficiency, particle extinction coefficient, particle optical thickness, particle word scattering albedo, and particle asymmetry factor, and the expression is:

[0070] Kext m,n (λ)=3Qe m,n (λ) / 4r n ρ m (1)

[0071]

[0072] Among them Qe m,n (λ) is the particle extinction efficiency of dry particles of type m aerosol and particle size range n at wavelength λ, Kext m,n (λ) is the extinction coefficient of dry particles of type m aerosol and particle size range n at wavelength λ, r n is the effective radius of aerosol particles corresponding to particle size segment n, ρ m is the density of dry particles of type m aerosol, AOD m,n (λ) is the optical thickness of aerosol particles corresponding to the mth type of aerosol, the particle size segment is n, k is the total number of vertical layers, C m,n is the mass concentration of aerosol particles corresponding to type m of aerosol and particle size segment n, Δz i is the thickness of the i-th vertical layer of the pattern, corresponding to the vertical layering of the chemical tracer array;

[0073] The concentrations of different aerosol types m and different particle segments n are predicted in real time by CMAMeso. The particle radiation parameters of each hygroscopic aerosol particle at different humidity RH are calculated according to the KOLA equation. External or internal mixing is performed to calculate the comprehensive radiation parameters required for aerosol-radiation interaction. The comprehensive radiation parameters include aerosol optical depth (AOD). m,n (RH,λ), word scattering ratio SSA m,n(RH,λ) and the asymmetric factor ASY m,n (RH,λ), the expression is:

[0074]

[0075] Among them, AOD m,n (RH,λ) is the optical thickness of aerosol particles corresponding to the mth type of aerosol and the particle size segment n, SSA m,n (RH,λ) is the single scattering ratio of aerosol particles corresponding to the mth type of aerosol and the particle size segment n, ASY m,n (RH,λ) is the asymmetry factor of aerosol particles corresponding to the mth type of aerosol and the particle size segment n; AOD(RH,λ) is the integrated optical depth of the aerosol at humidity RH and wavelength λ; SSA(RH,λ) is the integrated single scattering ratio of the aerosol; ASY(RH,λ) is the integrated asymmetry factor of the aerosol;

[0076] The integrated radiation parameters are input into the parameter settings of the CMAMeso-CUACE atmospheric chemistry online weather model to update the radiation transfer scheme.

[0077] In this embodiment, the method for implementing the aerosol-cloud interaction mechanism includes:

[0078] According to the real-time forecast of hydrophilic aerosol number concentration by CUACE, the cloud droplet number concentration is obtained by activating the hydrophilic aerosol through cloud droplets according to the new cloud microphysics scheme and cumulus convection scheme. The expression is:

[0079] g(n i ,n k ,n j )=AF·NWFA(n i ,n k ,n j ) (6)

[0080]

[0081] where g(n i ,n k ,n j ) is the three-dimensional coordinate (n i ,n k ,n j ) cloud droplet number concentration, NWFA (n i ,n k ,n j ) is the number concentration of hydrophilic CCN type aerosol, N a (n i ,n k ,n j,n) is the number concentration of aerosol corresponding to the chemical prediction quantity number n. The number of hydrophilic aerosol particles of different categories and particle size segments is 49. tracer(n i ,n k ,n j ,n) is the three-dimensional coordinate (n i ,n k ,n j ) The number of chemical prediction quantity number n, that is, the number of hydrophilic aerosol particles numbered n, r n is the average radius of hydrophilic aerosol particles n, ρ n is the density of hydrophilic aerosol particles n, and AF is the activation fraction, which is determined by the predicted ambient temperature, hydrophilic aerosol number concentration, preset hygroscopicity parameters, and aerosol average radius in a lookup table created based on the Kohler activation theory;

[0082] Establishing the aerosol-cloud interaction mechanism (ACI) at the grid-subscale to output cloud parameters; the cloud parameters include cloud water Qc, cloud droplet Rc, cloud ice Qi water content and cloud ice Qi radius;

[0083] Input cloud droplet number concentration and cloud layer parameters into the CMA Meso-CUACE atmospheric chemistry online weather model in the CMA Meso master integration program to update the radiative transfer scheme, and forecast weather elements based on the updated CMA Meso-CUACE atmospheric chemistry online weather model;

[0084] In the actual evaluation, the value sets of the five parameters in the lookup table created based on the Kohler activation theory are: hydrophilic aerosol number concentration (cm- 3 ){10.0,31.6,100.0,316.0,1000.0,3160.0,10000.0}, vertical velocity (m / s){0.01,0.0316,0.1,0.316,1.0,3.16,10.0,31.6,100.0}, temperature (K){243.15,253.15,263.15,273.15,283.15,293.15,303.15}, hygroscopicity parameter{0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8}, aerosol average radius (μm){0.01,0.02,0.04,0.08,0.16}, refer to Table 1 for the corresponding relationship;

[0085] Table 1 Values ​​of tracer number, aerosol type, average radius and density

[0086] n Aerosol type <![CDATA[r n / μm]]> <![CDATA[ρ n / g cm 3 ]]> n Aerosol type <![CDATA[r n / μm]]> <![CDATA[ρ n / g cm 3 ]]> 1 OC1 0.0075 1.30 26 SF2 0.015 1.79 2 OC2 0.015 1.30 27 SF3 0.03 1.79 3 OC3 0.03 1.30 28 SF4 0.06 1.79 4 OC4 0.06 1.30 29 SF5 0.12 1.79 5 OC5 0.12 1.30 30 SF6 0.24 1.79 6 OC6 0.24 1.30 31 SF7 0.48 1.79 7 OC7 0.48 1.30 32 SF8 0.96 1.79 8 OC8 0.96 1.30 33 SF9 1.92 1.79 9 OC9 1.92 1.30 34 SF10 3.84 1.79 10 OC10 3.84 1.30 35 SF11 7.68 1.79 11 OC11 7.68 1.30 36 SF12 15.36 1.79 12 OC12 15.36 1.30 37 NT1 0.0075 1.77 13 SS1 0.0075 2.17 38 NT2 0.015 1.77 14 SS2 0.015 2.17 39 NT3 0.03 1.77 15 SS3 0.03 2.17 40 NT4 0.06 1.77 16 SS4 0.06 2.17 41 NT5 0.12 1.77 17 SS5 0.12 2.17 42 NT6 0.24 1.77 18 SS6 0.24 2.17 43 NT7 0.48 1.77 19 SS7 0.48 2.17 44 NT8 0.96 1.77 20 SS8 0.96 2.17 45 NT9 1.92 1.77 21 SS9 1.92 2.17 46 NT10 3.84 1.77 22 SS10 3.84 2.17 47 NT11 7.68 1.77 23 SS11 7.68 2.17 48 NT12 15.36 1.77 24 SS12 15.36 2.17 49 AM 0.06 1.69 25 SF1 0.0075 1.79

[0087] In the main model integration program, the cloud parameters adjusted by the ACI mechanism are input into the CMA Meso-CUACE chemical coupling model radiation scheme. In this way, the cloud water Qc and cloud ice Qi water content input into the radiation scheme increase the influence of the ACI physical mechanism. The input cloud droplet Rc and cloud ice Ri radius are three-dimensional variables and are calculated in real time with the integration time, replacing the fixed values ​​in the original radiation scheme. In this way, the full aerosol-cloud-radiation coupling mechanism is completed in the model.

[0088] The second aspect is the chemical weather model forecasting system based on the atmosphere-chemistry bidirectional coupling, including:

[0089] Emission source inventory module: used to view, manage and store emission source data;

[0090] CMAMeso module: used to register all variables of static ground data to obtain initial static ground data, write grid pointer variables to initial static ground data to obtain grid static ground data; used to extract physical parameters from the physical module of CMAMeso to the main integration program, and transmit the tracer array to the main integration program through the power module of CMA Meso; used to establish the CHEM driver interface; used to construct the CMAMeso-CUACE atmospheric chemistry online weather model based on the returned atmospheric chemical process calculation results; used to timely forecast the concentration of aerosol particles n;

[0091] CHEM driver module: used to transfer the CMAMeso meteorological field, the physical parameters and the grid static ground data to CUACE; used to return the atmospheric chemical process calculation results to the main integration program of CMAMeso;

[0092] CUACE module: used to calculate atmospheric chemical processes using the passed tracer array; used to predict aerosol number concentration in real time;

[0093] Model update module: used to collect aerosol full-band refractive index to calculate particle radiation parameters, combine the concentrations of m types of aerosol particles in n bands for external and internal mixing to determine comprehensive radiation parameters, and input the aerosol comprehensive radiation parameters into the CMAMeso-CUACE atmospheric chemistry online weather model to update the radiation transfer scheme; used to activate cloud droplets based on aerosol number concentration to obtain cloud droplet number concentration, establish an aerosol-cloud interaction mechanism at the grid-subscale to output cloud layer parameters, and update the radiation transfer scheme and cloud physics scheme based on the cloud droplet number concentration and the cloud layer parameters;

[0094] Forecast module: used for the updated CMAMeso-CUACE atmospheric chemistry online weather model to forecast environmental and weather element numerical forecasts.

[0095] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A chemical weather model forecasting method based on atmosphere-chemistry bidirectional coupling, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Perform full variable registration to obtain initial static ground data, and write a grid pointer variable into the initial static ground data to obtain grid static ground data; S2. Establish a CHEM driver in the main integration program of CMA Meso to transfer the CMA Meso meteorological field, tracer array, key physical parameters and the grid static ground data to CUACE; S3, performing atmospheric chemical process calculations in the CUACE, and transmitting the atmospheric chemical process calculation results back to the main integration program of the CMAMeso to establish the CMA Meso-CUACE atmospheric chemical online weather model; S4. Collect the full-band aerosol refractive index to calculate the particle radiation parameters, calculate the aerosol-radiation interaction based on the real-time forecast of the concentration of aerosol particles n by CMA Meso to obtain the comprehensive radiation parameters, input the comprehensive radiation parameters into the CMA Meso-CUACE atmospheric chemistry online weather model, update the radiation transfer scheme, and complete the aerosol-radiation coupling mechanism; S5. Activate cloud droplets based on the real-time forecast of aerosol number concentration by CUACE to obtain cloud droplet number concentration, establish an aerosol-cloud interaction mechanism at the grid-subscale to output cloud layer parameters, update the radiation transfer scheme and cloud physics scheme based on the cloud droplet number concentration and the cloud layer parameters, complete the aerosol-cloud interaction mechanism, and forecast environmental and weather elements based on the updated CMA Meso-CUACE atmospheric chemistry online weather model.

2. The chemical weather model forecasting method based on atmosphere-chemistry bidirectional coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for obtaining grid static ground data comprises: Input the emission source inventory into the CMA Meso framework and register the static ground data for full variables to obtain the initial static ground data; the CMA Meso includes a physical module, a dynamic module and a main integration program; the initial static ground data includes a tracer array, an emission source emiss array, soil particle size soil and land vegetation fland; the tracer array is specifically represented by (n i ,n k ,n j ,n), that is, the three-dimensional space coordinates (n i ,n k ,n j ) corresponds to the chemical prediction quantity number n, n i is the number of horizontal grid points from west to east, n k is the number of vertical layers from bottom to top, n j is the number of horizontal grid points from south to north; the aerosol includes hydrophilic aerosol and ice-loving aerosol; the hydrophilic aerosol includes organic carbon oc, sea salt ss, sulfate sf, nitrate nt and ammonium salt am; the ice-loving aerosol includes black carbon bc and dust sd; the aerosol is divided into 12 particle size segments except ammonium salt am; the chemical prediction quantity n∈[0,151] includes aerosol and gas; the number of gases is 78; the emission source emiss array is specifically represented as (i,j,m), that is, the emission source type m corresponding to the ground coordinate (i,j); the soil particle size soil is specifically represented as (i,j,o), that is, the soil particle size o corresponding to the ground coordinate (i,j); the land vegetation fland is specifically represented as (i,j,l), that is, the land vegetation type l corresponding to the ground coordinate (i,j); In the pre-processing and data input module of CMA Meso, the initial static ground data is read and the grid pointer variable is written into the initial static ground data to update the three-dimensional space coordinates (n i ,n k ,n j ) and ground coordinates (i, j) to obtain grid static ground data.

3. The chemical weather model forecasting method based on atmosphere-chemistry bidirectional coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The key physical parameters are output from the corresponding physical module of CMA Meso to the main integration program, including the turbulent diffusion coefficient K m , convective and non-convective precipitation rates Qr, upward cloud flux mu, cloud entrainment eu, ground ice cover ice, and ground snow cover snow.

4. The chemical weather model forecasting method based on atmosphere-chemistry bidirectional coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The CMA Meso meteorological field is obtained by CMA Meso weather forecast, including temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind speed, atmospheric humidity and precipitation rate.

5. The chemical weather model forecasting method based on atmosphere-chemistry bidirectional coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for establishing the CMA Meso-CUACE atmospheric chemistry online model comprises: The tracer array completes the power transmission process in the main integration program through the power module of CMA Meso; the power transmission process includes horizontal transmission and vertical transmission; Establishing a CHEM driver interface program in the main integration program of CMA Meso to transfer the CMA Meso meteorological field, physical parameters and the grid static ground data to CUACE; The transferred tracer array is used to calculate atmospheric chemical processes in the gaseous chemistry module of the CUACE. The CUACE includes an aerosol module, a gaseous chemistry module, and a thermodynamic equilibrium module. The aerosol module includes aerosol turbulent transport, collision, nucleation, condensation, dry and wet deposition, and heterogeneous processes. The gaseous chemistry module is used to process the mutual conversion of aerosols and gases. The thermodynamic equilibrium module is used to calculate the nitrate process. The atmospheric chemical process calculation includes 177 chemical reactions of 62 gases and 23 photochemical reactions. The tracer array calculated through the atmospheric chemical process is transmitted back to the main integration program of the CMA Meso through the CHEM driver, and the CMA Meso-CUACE atmospheric chemistry online weather model is established based on the change relationship of the tracer array between the CHEM driver and CUACE.

6. The chemical weather model forecasting method based on atmosphere-chemistry bidirectional coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for achieving the aerosol-radiation coupling mechanism comprises: Laboratory data on the refractive index of aerosols over the full wavelength range from shortwave to longwave were collected, and aerosols were classified into dry particles and wet particles. The particle radiation parameters of each dry aerosol particle were calculated based on the Mie scattering principle. The dry aerosol particles did not consider the influence of humidity. The particle radiation parameters of the dry aerosol particles included particle extinction efficiency, particle extinction coefficient, particle optical thickness, particle word scattering albedo, and particle asymmetry factor, and the expression is: Kext m,n (λ)=3Qe m,n (λ) / 4r n r m (1) Among them Qe m,n (λ) is the particle extinction efficiency of dry particles of type m aerosol and particle size range n at wavelength λ, Kext m,n (λ) is the extinction coefficient of dry particles of type m aerosol and particle size range n at wavelength λ, r n is the effective radius of aerosol particles corresponding to particle size segment n, ρ m is the density of dry particles of type m aerosol, AOD m,n (λ) is the optical thickness of aerosol particles corresponding to the mth type of aerosol, the particle size segment is n, k is the total number of vertical layers, C m,n is the mass concentration of aerosol particles corresponding to type m of aerosol and particle size segment n, Δz i is the thickness of the i-th vertical layer of the pattern, corresponding to the vertical layering of the chemical tracer array; The concentrations of different aerosol types m and different particle segments n are predicted in real time through CMA Meso. The particle radiation parameters of each hygroscopic aerosol particle at different humidity RH are calculated according to the KOLA equation. External or internal mixing is performed to calculate the comprehensive radiation parameters required for aerosol-radiation interaction. The comprehensive radiation parameters include aerosol optical depth AOD m,n (RH,λ), word scattering ratio SSA m,n (RH,λ) and the asymmetric factor ASY m,n (RH,λ), the expression is: Among them, AOD m,n (RH,λ) is the optical thickness of aerosol particles corresponding to the mth type of aerosol and the particle size segment n, SSA m,n (RH,λ) is the single scattering ratio of aerosol particles corresponding to the mth type of aerosol and the particle size segment n, ASY m,n (RH,λ) is the asymmetry factor of aerosol particles corresponding to the mth type of aerosol and the particle size segment n; AOD(RH,λ) is the integrated optical depth of the aerosol at humidity RH and wavelength λ; SSA(RH,λ) is the integrated single scattering ratio of the aerosol; ASY(RH,λ) is the integrated asymmetry factor of the aerosol; The integrated radiation parameters are input into the parameter settings of the CMA Meso-CUACE atmospheric chemistry online weather model to update the radiation transfer scheme.

7. The chemical weather model forecasting method based on atmosphere-chemistry bidirectional coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for completing the aerosol-cloud interaction mechanism comprises: According to the real-time forecast of hydrophilic aerosol number concentration by CUACE, the cloud droplet number concentration is obtained by activating the hydrophilic aerosol through cloud droplets according to the new cloud microphysics scheme and cumulus convection scheme. The expression is: g(n i ,n k ,n j )=AF·NWFA(n i ,n k ,n j ) (6) where g(n i ,n k ,n j ) is the three-dimensional coordinate (n i ,n k ,n j ) cloud droplet number concentration, NWFA (n i ,n k ,n j ) is the number concentration of hydrophilic CCN type aerosol, N a (n i ,n k ,n j ,n) is the number concentration of aerosol corresponding to the chemical prediction quantity number n. The number of hydrophilic aerosol particles of different categories and particle size segments is 49. tracer(n i ,n k ,n j ,n) is the three-dimensional coordinate (n i ,n k ,n j ) The number of chemical prediction quantity number n, that is, the number of hydrophilic aerosol particles numbered n, r n is the average radius of hydrophilic aerosol particles n, ρ n is the density of hydrophilic aerosol particles n, and AF is the activation fraction, which is determined by the predicted ambient temperature, hydrophilic aerosol number concentration, preset hygroscopicity parameters, and aerosol average radius in a lookup table created based on the Kohler activation theory; Establishing the aerosol-cloud interaction mechanism (ACI) at the grid-subscale to output cloud parameters; the cloud parameters include cloud water Qc, cloud droplet Rc, cloud ice Qi water content and cloud ice Qi radius; In the CMA Meso main integration program, cloud droplet number concentration and cloud layer parameters are input into the CMA Meso-CUACE atmospheric chemistry online weather model to update the radiation transfer scheme, and weather elements are forecasted based on the updated CMA Meso-CUACE atmospheric chemistry online weather model.

8. A chemical weather model forecasting system based on atmosphere-chemistry bidirectional coupling, used to implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: include: Emission source inventory module: used to view, manage and store emission source data; CMA Meso module: used to register all variables of static ground data to obtain initial static ground data, and write grid pointer variables into initial static ground data to obtain grid static ground data; It is used to extract physical parameters from the physical module of CMA Meso to the main integration program, and transmit the tracer array to the main integration program through the dynamic module of CMA Meso; it is used to establish the CHEM driver interface; it is used to construct the CMA Meso-CUACE atmospheric chemistry online weather model based on the returned atmospheric chemical process calculation results; it is used to timely forecast the concentration of aerosol particles n; CHEM driver module: used to transfer the CMA Meso meteorological field, the physical parameters and the grid static ground data to CUACE; used to return the atmospheric chemical process calculation results to the main integration program of CMA Meso; CUACE module: used to calculate atmospheric chemical processes using the passed tracer array; used to predict aerosol number concentration in real time; Model update module: used to collect aerosol full-band refractive index to calculate particle radiation parameters, combine the concentrations of m types of aerosol particles in n bands to perform external and internal mixing to determine the comprehensive radiation parameters, and input the aerosol comprehensive radiation parameters into the CMA Meso-CUACE atmospheric chemistry online weather model to update the radiation transfer scheme; It is used to activate cloud droplets according to the aerosol number concentration to obtain the cloud droplet number concentration, establish the aerosol-cloud interaction mechanism on the grid-subscale to output cloud layer parameters, and update the radiation transfer scheme and cloud physics scheme according to the cloud droplet number concentration and the cloud layer parameters; Forecast module: used for the updated CMA Meso-CUACE atmospheric chemistry online weather model to forecast environmental and weather element numerical forecasts.

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