Method for preparing oil-tea camellia forest soil conditioner and soil organic fertilizer based on indigenous flora and application of oil-tea camellia forest soil conditioner and soil organic fertilizer

Abstract

The invention provides a method for preparing a camellia oleifera forest soil conditioner and a soil organic fertilizer based on indigenous flora and application of the method, and belongs to the technical field of microorganism utilization. According to the method, indigenous microorganisms captured from soil without fertilization interference under old camellia oleifera forests and healthy camellia oleifera trees in a germplasm resource nursery of more than one hundred years and indigenous microorganisms captured from broad-leaved forest or bamboo forest soil in a natural ecological system are combined according to a specific proportion; the oil-tea camellia forest soil conditioner or the oil-tea camellia forest soil organic fertilizer obtained through propagation culture can quickly improve and restore the oil-tea camellia forest soil in hills and mountainous areas and remarkably improve the yield and quality of oil-tea camellia seeds, is a solution based on nature, and is economical, practical, efficient, green, environmentally friendly and sustainable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of microbial utilization, and particularly relates to a method for preparing an oil-tea tree forest soil conditioner and soil organic fertilizer based on indigenous microbial communities and applications thereof. Background Art

[0002] Camellia oleifera (Abel.) is a traditional woody oil tree, considered one of the world's four major woody oil crops, along with oil palm, coconut, and olive. Its seed oil, rich in unsaturated fatty acids and linolenic acid, is a nutritious and fragrant high-quality edible oil and an excellent industrial raw material for soap, cosmetics, rubber, and other industries. Both the seed oil and the residue left after oil extraction are used medicinally, with benefits such as clearing heat and detoxifying, cooling blood, and stopping bleeding. Camellia oleifera possesses high economic value. However, because it is primarily found in dense forests on high mountains or shallow hills, or in mixed woods or bamboo forests along hillsides, in southern my country, the site conditions are generally poor, with often poor soils. Furthermore, these trees are often exposed to stresses such as malnutrition and summer and autumn droughts, resulting in severe physiological and biochemical dysfunctions, manifested by slowed growth, decreased photosynthetic rate, and reduced flowering. This can lead to severe fruit drop or plant death, resulting in low overall economic returns for tea farmers and a significant impact on the healthy development of the entire industry.

[0003] One of the primary methods for significantly increasing camellia oilseed yield and quality is to improve soil quality and nutrient input management within camellia oilseed plantations. However, relying on large amounts of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is unsustainable, and a green agricultural development model is becoming the inevitable path forward. Currently, soil conditioners or modifiers for camellia oilseed plantations primarily utilize single or combined beneficial microorganisms to formulate bio-inoculants or produce bio-organic fertilizers. There are also reports on the use of composite inoculants such as EM to produce bio-organic fertilizers, but reports on the use of indigenous microbial communities to formulate microbial inoculants or bio-organic fertilizers are rare. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing oil tea forest soil conditioner and oil tea forest soil organic fertilizer based on indigenous flora and its application, which can quickly improve and repair the oil tea forest soil in hilly and mountainous areas, and significantly improve the yield and quality of oil tea seeds.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] The present invention provides a method for preparing a tea oil forest soil conditioner based on indigenous flora, comprising the following steps:

[0007] (1) capturing indigenous microorganisms in the surface soil of unfertilized areas under the main varieties of oil-tea trees in the germplasm resource garden, capturing 1 to 2 portions under each main variety of oil-tea tree; capturing 3 to 6 portions of indigenous microorganisms in the surface soil of unfertilized areas in old oil-tea forests; fermenting each portion of captured material separately to obtain a fermentation mixture, and mixing the fermentation mixtures in equal volume proportions to obtain an oil-tea forest indigenous microbial mixture; the main varieties of oil-tea trees are ≥5 years old; the old oil-tea forests are ≥100 years old;

[0008] (2) capturing 3 to 6 portions of indigenous microorganisms from the surface soil under a broadleaf forest or bamboo forest in a natural ecosystem, fermenting each portion individually to obtain a fermentation mixture, and mixing the fermentation mixtures in equal volume proportions to obtain a mixture of indigenous microorganisms of the natural ecosystem;

[0009] (3) The mixture of indigenous microorganisms in the oil-tea camellia forest and the mixture of indigenous microorganisms in the natural ecosystem are mixed and cultured with water to obtain an indigenous microbial composite agent;

[0010] (4) Indigenous microbial compound agents are mixed and cultured with organic matter to obtain oil tea forest soil conditioner.

[0011] Preferably, the thickness of the surface soil is 0 to 3 cm; the separate fermentation is performed by mixing the captured material with brown sugar or molasses of equal mass and then fermenting the mixture; and the separate fermentation time is 7 to 10 days.

[0012] Preferably, in the step (3), the mixture of indigenous microorganisms of the oil-tea camellia forest and the mixture of indigenous microorganisms of the natural ecosystem are mixed in a volume ratio of (3-4): (1-2); and the time for the water-addition culture is 6-8 days.

[0013] Preferably, the organic matter in step (4) is sodium alginate and humic acid, the incubation time is 24 to 48 hours, and the obtained oil tea forest soil conditioner is a liquid soil conditioner.

[0014] Preferably, the liquid soil conditioner, biochar and natural rock mineral powder are mixed and cultured, or the liquid soil conditioner, decomposed organic fertilizer and natural rock mineral powder are mixed and cultured to obtain a solid soil conditioner.

[0015] The present invention also provides a tea oil forest soil conditioner prepared by the above method.

[0016] The present invention also provides a method for preparing oil tea forest soil organic fertilizer based on indigenous flora, comprising mixing the solid soil conditioner, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate and boric acid, and culturing the mixture to obtain the oil tea forest soil organic fertilizer.

[0017] The present invention also provides an organic fertilizer for oil-tea camellia forest soil prepared by the method.

[0018] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the oil-tea camellia forest soil conditioner and oil-tea camellia forest soil organic fertilizer based on the indigenous flora, or the use of the oil-tea camellia forest soil conditioner and oil-tea camellia forest soil organic fertilizer in oil-tea camellia forest planting.

[0019] The present invention also provides a method for improving oil-tea camellia forest soil or increasing oil-tea camellia seed yield and quality, comprising the following steps: applying the soil improver prepared by the above method, or applying the soil organic fertilizer prepared by the above method.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] This invention addresses practical production issues such as poor soil quality, extensive management, and low tea seed yield and economic benefits in oil-tea plantations in hilly and mountainous areas in southern China. Based on a natural solution, the invention utilizes healthy indigenous microbial communities to develop a composite microbial conditioner and bio-organic fertilizer suitable for the healthy growth and soil health conservation of oil-tea plantations, providing a new technical option for economical and effective soil and nutrient management for the sustainable development of oil-tea. The oil-tea plantation soil conditioner or organic fertilizer prepared by the method described in the present invention can quickly improve and repair the soil in oil-tea plantations in hilly and mountainous areas in southern China, significantly increasing the yield and quality of oil-tea seeds. This is a natural solution that is economical, practical, efficient, environmentally friendly, and sustainable. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 Flow chart for the preparation of indigenous compound microbial improver / soil organic fertilizer for oil-tea plantations;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a comparison of tea seedling vigor after spraying a biological agent. The upper part of the picture shows the biological agent treatment group, and the lower part shows the water control group.

[0024] Figure 3 This is the experimental effect of spraying biological agents on tea seedling soil. The left picture is the water control group, and the right picture is the biological agent treatment group. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present invention provides a method for preparing a tea oil forest soil conditioner based on indigenous flora, comprising the following steps:

[0026] (1) capturing indigenous microorganisms in the surface soil of unfertilized areas under the main varieties of oil-tea trees in the germplasm resource garden, capturing 1 to 2 portions under each main variety of oil-tea tree; capturing 3 to 6 portions of indigenous microorganisms in the surface soil of unfertilized areas in old oil-tea forests; fermenting each portion of captured material separately to obtain a fermentation mixture, and mixing the fermentation mixtures in equal volume proportions to obtain an oil-tea forest indigenous microbial mixture; the main varieties of oil-tea trees are ≥5 years old; the old oil-tea forests are ≥100 years old;

[0027] (2) capturing 3 to 6 portions of indigenous microorganisms from the surface soil under a broadleaf forest or bamboo forest in a natural ecosystem, fermenting each portion individually to obtain a fermentation mixture, and mixing the fermentation mixtures in equal volume proportions to obtain a mixture of indigenous microorganisms of the natural ecosystem;

[0028] (3) The mixture of indigenous microorganisms in the oil-tea camellia forest and the mixture of indigenous microorganisms in the natural ecosystem are mixed and cultured with water to obtain an indigenous microbial composite agent;

[0029] (4) Indigenous microbial compound agents are mixed and cultured with organic matter to obtain oil tea forest soil conditioner.

[0030] The method for capturing indigenous microorganisms of the present invention preferably uses an indigenous microbial ex situ trap. The indigenous microbial ex situ trap of the present invention is preferably a portable indigenous microbial ex situ trap of patent application number CN202411046945.7, and the soil microbial community is captured according to its instructions.

[0031] The surface soil for capturing indigenous microorganisms in the present invention is loose, fertile soil rich in humus. The surface soil in the present invention can be soil containing dead branches and fallen leaves or rotten fallen leaves. The thickness of the surface soil is 0 to 3 cm.

[0032] The main cultivated tea oil tree varieties of the present invention are preferably healthy main cultivated varieties (healthy tea oil trees in the germplasm resource garden tea oil forest) in the tea oil tree variety resource protection garden / field where the tea oil forest grows luxuriantly. The varieties include Huaxin, Huajin, Huashuo, Xianglin 210, Xianglin No. 1, and Xianglin No. 27. The present invention collects 1 to 2 soil captures under each main cultivated tea oil tree variety, that is, 1 to 2 soil captures are obtained for each tree species. Each capture is preferably obtained by collecting 2 to 3 replicates and then mixing them. The main cultivated varieties of the present invention are preferably all the main cultivated varieties in the area (province or city) where the soil conditioner is used (usually the relevant government departments have a recommended catalog of local main cultivated varieties). The main cultivated oil tea tree is ≥5 years old. The fertilization area for trees ≥5 years old is generally 30 to 50 cm with the vertical rain line of the outer branches of the crown as the center point. The sample collection area of ​​the present invention is the unfertilized area under the main cultivated oil tea tree (before sampling, inquire about the local fertilization method, understand the scope of the fertilization area, and avoid sampling the soil in the fertilized area).

[0033] The present invention captures 3 to 6 portions of indigenous microorganisms in the surface soil of an unfertilized area of ​​an old oil-tea forest; the 3 to 6 portions of soil captures are preferably sourced from different topographical locations of the old oil-tea forest, and more preferably are obtained by collecting 2 to 3 replicate samples of each capture and mixing them. The old oil-tea forest is ≥100 years old, and old oil-tea trees ≥100 years old with lush vigor and no fertilizer are selected as sampling objects. The unfertilized area of ​​the old oil-tea forest described in the present invention is the soil under the old oil-tea trees that has not been fertilized or subjected to any strong human disturbance (such as application of herbicides, plowing, etc.).

[0034] The natural ecosystem described in the present invention is preferably a natural ecosystem adjacent to the main oil tea forest production area, including a virgin forest nature reserve. The adjacent natural ecosystem described in the present invention refers to the nature reserve ecosystem in the area (province or city) where the soil improver is used. Fertilizers are generally not applied to nature reserve ecosystems. The natural ecosystem described in the present invention is a broad-leaved forest or bamboo forest that is not disturbed by chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The present invention captures 3 to 6 portions of indigenous microorganisms in the surface soil under the broad-leaved forest or bamboo forest in the natural ecosystem, preferably by collecting 2 to 3 replicate samples for each capture and mixing them.

[0035] The separate fermentation described in the present invention is to ferment after each portion of the captured material is mixed with brown sugar or molasses of equal mass. The fermentation is preferably fermented in a cleaned and sterilized brown wide-mouth bottle or clay pot, and the fermentation container is light-proof, pollution-free and ventilated. The present invention avoids using containers made of chemical materials for fermentation to prevent the leakage of trace pollutants from affecting the growth of microorganisms. The fermentation described in the present invention is a natural fermentation at room temperature, and the fermentation time is 7 to 10 days. As an optional embodiment, the present invention leaves 1 / 5 to 1 / 3 of the remaining space in the fermentation container to ensure sufficient fermentation gas discharge retention space, and the fermentation container is sealed with sterilized filter paper or rice paper. After each portion of the captured material of the present invention is fermented separately, a fermentation mixture is obtained, and the fermentation mixture is mixed in equal volume proportions to obtain a mixture of indigenous microorganisms in the oil tea forest or a mixture of indigenous microorganisms in the natural ecosystem.

[0036] The present invention mixes a mixture of indigenous microorganisms of a tea oil forest and a mixture of indigenous microorganisms of a natural ecosystem in a volume ratio of (3-4): (1-2) to obtain an indigenous microorganism mixture. The present invention mixes the mixture with water in a volume ratio of 1:9-12, and carries out aerobic natural cultivation indoors to obtain an indigenous microbial composite agent. The volume ratio of the mixture to water of the present invention is preferably 1:10-11; the time for the water-added cultivation of the present invention is 6-8 days, preferably 7 days. As an optional embodiment, the water of the present invention is spring water, mineral water or tap water, and the tap water is left to stand for 20-25 hours before use, and disinfectants in the water are removed as much as possible. During the water-added cultivation process of the present invention, it is preferred to gently shake the culture container every day to remove some waste gases such as CO2, promote air flow in the container, and meet aerobic conditions.

[0037] The present invention mixes the obtained indigenous microbial composite agent with organic matter to obtain a tea oil forest soil conditioner. The organic matter is preferably sodium alginate and humic acid; the amount of sodium alginate is 0.2-0.5%, preferably 0.3-0.4%, based on the mass of the indigenous microbial composite agent; the amount of humic acid is 0.25-1.0%, preferably 0.4-0.6%, based on the volume of the indigenous microbial composite agent. After the indigenous microbial composite agent and organic matter are evenly mixed, the liquid soil conditioner is obtained by aerobically culturing for 24-48 hours, preferably 30-35 hours.

[0038] The present invention utilizes the obtained liquid soil conditioner for oil tea forests and then mixes and cultivates the liquid soil conditioner, biochar, and natural rock mineral powder, or mixes and cultivates the liquid soil conditioner, decomposed organic fertilizer, and natural rock mineral powder to obtain a solid conditioner. Preferably, the organic fertilizer or biochar is first mixed with the rock mineral powder, and then the liquid conditioner is sprayed while mixing. The mass ratio of the liquid soil conditioner, biochar, and natural rock mineral powder is 50%:40-45%:5-10%. The mass ratio of the liquid soil conditioner, decomposed organic fertilizer, and natural rock mineral powder is 50%:40-45%:5-10%. The biochar raw material is preferably straw, rice husks, branches, or wood waste, and the biochar preferably has a particle size of 0.5-1.0 mm. The decomposed organic fertilizer is a fully decomposed, highly harmless organic fertilizer, preferably earthworm castings, insect sand, cake fertilizer, or seaweed organic fertilizer. The natural rock mineral powder of the present invention is preferably a locally available mineral powder or stone powder, and the natural rock mineral powder is preferably 100-200 mesh. The mixed culture time of the present invention is preferably 6-8 days.

[0039] The present invention also provides a method for preparing an organic fertilizer for oil tea forest soil based on indigenous flora. The method comprises mixing the solid soil conditioner for oil tea forest, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, and boric acid, and incubating the mixture at room temperature for 5 to 10 days to obtain the organic fertilizer for oil tea forest soil. The organic fertilizer for oil tea forest soil comprises, based on the mass content of trace elements in the organic fertilizer, 2% Fe, 0.5% Mn, 5% Zn, 0.2% Cu, and 0.5% B.

[0040] The present invention also provides a tea oil forest soil conditioner and a tea oil forest soil organic fertilizer prepared by the above method. The tea oil forest soil conditioner or the tea oil forest soil organic fertilizer can quickly improve and repair the tea oil forest soil in hilly or mountainous areas, and improve the yield and quality of tea oil seeds.

[0041] The present invention also provides the use of the above method or the oil-tea tree forest soil improver and oil-tea tree forest soil organic fertilizer prepared by the above method in oil-tea tree forest planting.

[0042] The present invention also provides a method for improving oil-tea camellia soil or increasing oil-tea seed yield and quality, comprising the steps of applying the oil-tea camellia soil conditioner or organic fertilizer prepared by the above method. Preferably, when applying a liquid oil-tea camellia soil conditioner, it is diluted 5-20 times and directly sprayed or irrigated into the soil; the dilution factor is preferably 10 times; and the spraying rate is 10-20 L / mu, preferably 15 L / mu. When applying a solid oil-tea camellia soil conditioner or organic fertilizer, it is applied directly to the soil in holes or strips, at a rate of 20-100 kg per mu, preferably 40-80 kg per mu.

[0043] Due to the poor site conditions of the oil-tea camellia forests in the south, the soil is heavy, poor, and compacted, with serious soil erosion and extensive management. Compared with the oil-tea camellia forests over a hundred years old, well-managed germplasm resource gardens and nature reserves, the soil microbial diversity is low and the biological function is reduced. Indigenous microorganisms are a group of native microorganisms that live in harmony with the local nature. They are a collection of different beneficial microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, yeasts, protozoa, etc., which live on the surface of the soil and all organisms. They are physiologically compatible and complementary, with potentials such as biodegradation, nitrogen fixation, improving soil fertility, dissolving phosphorus and potassium, and promoting plant growth. They can be effectively applied to many fields such as natural agricultural systems, biofertilizer production, biocomposting of agricultural waste, bioleaching of heavy metals, biodegradation and bioremediation of organic pollutants such as petroleum and herbicides. The present invention can quickly construct or restore soil microorganisms and their soil biological network suitable for local natural conditions by introducing healthy indigenous microbial groups into the production of oil-tea camellia forests in the south, and quickly improve and repair the oil-tea camellia forest soil with solutions based on nature. Secondly, the tea seed yield and tea oil quality of tea oil trees in the red soil area of ​​the south are closely related to the trace elements such as Fe, Zn, and B in the soil and their effectiveness. Preparing appropriate trace elements in organic fertilizers according to the physical and chemical properties of the soil can not only increase the yield and quality of tea seeds, but also promote the healthy growth of soil microorganisms, thereby increasing the biological effectiveness of soil nutrients, especially soil trace elements, and allowing the unhealthy tea oil forest ecosystem to enter a benign and healthy cycle.

[0044] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the indigenous microbial community ex situ trap is a portable indigenous microbial community ex situ trap with patent application number CN202411046945.7, and the microbial community in the soil is captured according to its instructions.

[0046] In the following examples, unless otherwise specified, all methods are conventional.

[0047] Unless otherwise specified, the materials and reagents used in the following examples can be obtained from commercial sources.

[0048] Example 1

[0049] 1. Obtaining the fermentation mixture of indigenous microorganisms in oil-tea camellia forests:

[0050] In the camellia germplasm resource and improved seed collection nursery at the Huangcaoping State-owned Camellia Oil Tree Farm in Shaodong County, Hunan Province, six major cultivars (Huaxin, Huajin, Huashuo, Xianglin 210, Xianglin 1, and Xianglin 27) were selected. Fertile soil samples (including decayed leaves) were collected from the surface layer (0-3 cm) beneath the trees, avoiding fertilized areas, and three replicates were collected for each species. The samples were gently mixed, and one composite sample was retained for each species. The composite sample was placed in a pre-sterilized stainless steel square tray, with the sample layer laid 1 cm thick. A cleaned and sterilized disposable cornstarch lunch box with a microporous bottom was placed on the composite sample, filling it 2 / 3 full and leaving 1 / 3 empty. The lunch box was covered with sterilized gauze and secured with a sterilized rubber band. After completion, the rice was placed in a constant-temperature chamber in an ex situ trap for indigenous microbial communities. After 5 days of incubation, the rice was observed to form numerous white and gray colonies, concluding the collection process.

[0051] Each captured sample was thoroughly mixed with brown sugar at a ratio of 1:1 (mass ratio) and placed in a cleaned and sterilized brown bottle. The mixture was naturally fermented at room temperature for 7 days to obtain 6 fermentation products, which were labeled as SY01, SY02, SY03, SY04, SY05, and SY06, respectively.

[0052] 2. Obtaining the fermentation mixture of indigenous microorganisms from ancient camellia oil trees:

[0053] Three 300-year-old and three 700-year-old tea oil trees were selected from Shichong Village (Yangmei Ridge behind the village), Jincheng Town, Shaoyang County, Hunan Province. Fertile soil samples (including decayed leaves) were collected from the surface layer (0-3 cm) beneath the trees, avoiding areas with strong human disturbance (such as fertilization). Three replicate samples were collected from each tree and gently mixed, retaining one composite sample from each tree. The composite sample was placed in a pre-sterilized stainless steel square pan, with the sample layer laid 1 cm thick. A cleaned and sterilized disposable cornstarch lunch box with a microporous bottom was placed on the composite sample, filled 2 / 3 to the top, leaving 1 / 3 free. The lunch box was covered with sterile gauze and secured with a sterile rubber band. After this procedure, the rice was placed in a constant-temperature chamber in an ex situ trap for indigenous microbiome cultivation. After 5 days of incubation, the rice was observed to form numerous white and gray colonies, concluding the collection process.

[0054] Each captured sample was thoroughly mixed with brown sugar at a ratio of 1:1 (mass ratio) and placed in a cleaned and sterilized brown bottle. The mixture was naturally fermented at room temperature for 7 days to obtain 6 fermentation products, which were labeled as GSY3001, GSY3002, GSY3003, GSY7001, GSY7002, and GSY7003, respectively.

[0055] 3. A mixture of indigenous microorganisms from natural ecosystems (collections) is obtained:

[0056] In the Heboling State Forest Reserve in Shaoyang and the Huangsang Nature Reserve in Suining, Shaoyang, soil samples were collected from the understory litter layer (0-3 cm) of deciduous shrubs, deciduous trees, and bamboo forests. Three sites were selected for each reserve, and one sample was collected from each site. Three replicates of each sample were collected and gently mixed, retaining one composite sample from each site. The composite sample was placed in a pre-sterilized stainless steel square pan, with the sample layer laid 1 cm thick. A cleaned and sterilized disposable cornstarch lunch box with a microporous bottom was placed on the composite sample, filled 2 / 3 to the top, leaving 1 / 3 free. The lunch box was covered with sterilized gauze and secured with a sterilized rubber band. After this procedure, the rice was placed in a thermostatic chamber in an ex situ trap for the indigenous microbiome. After 5 days of incubation, the rice was observed to form numerous white and gray colonies, concluding the collection process.

[0057] Each captured sample was thoroughly mixed with brown sugar at a ratio of 1:1 (mass ratio) and placed in a cleaned and sterilized brown bottle. The mixture was naturally fermented at room temperature for 7 days to obtain 6 fermentation products, which were labeled as SYF001, SYF002, SYF003, SYF004, SYF005, and SYF006 respectively.

[0058] 4. Indigenous microbiome blending

[0059] (1) Mixture of indigenous microorganisms in oil tea forest: 10 ml of each of the fermentation mixtures of indigenous microorganisms captured from the soil of the oil tea forest, SY01, SY02, SY03, SY04, SY05, SY06, and GSY3001, GSY3002, GSY3003, GSY7001, GSY7002, and GSY7003, were taken in equal portions and gently stirred to form the mixture of healthy indigenous microorganisms in oil tea forest, which was labeled as SYYCIMO.

[0060] (2) Natural ecosystem indigenous microbial composition: 10 ml of each of the fermentation mixtures of the indigenous microbial collections SYF001, SYF002, SYF003, SYF004, SYF005, and SYF006 collected from the above-mentioned nature reserves were taken in equal portions and gently stirred to form a natural ecosystem healthy indigenous microbial composition, which was labeled SYFIMO.

[0061] (3) To obtain a composite microbial agent specifically for oil-tea camellia forests: 40 ml of SYYCIMO and 10 ml of SYFIMO were placed in a sterilized 1 L brown bottle. 500 ml of mountain spring water was added and the mixture was gently stirred to mix evenly. The bottle was sealed with sterilized filter paper and incubated indoors for 1 week, gently shaking once a day to ensure aerobic conditions. This resulted in a composite microbial agent specifically for oil-tea camellia forests.

[0062] 5. Prepare a liquid improver using the indigenous microbial compound agent for oil-tea camellia forests: Take 200 ml of the indigenous microbial compound agent for oil-tea camellia forests, add 1 ml of humic acid and 1 g of sodium alginate, stir gently, and incubate aerobically for 30 hours to prepare the liquid improver. This is designated as YC21.

[0063] 6. Prepare a solid soil conditioner using a composite microbial agent specifically formulated for oil tea plantations: Mix 50 parts of the liquid conditioner, 45 parts of high-quality, decomposed organic fertilizer (purchased from Shaodong Organic Fertilizer Factory, Shaoyang Yinong Biotechnology Co., Ltd., using pig manure as the primary raw material), and 5 parts of calcium powder (100-200 mesh, purchased from Hunan Qiangcai New Materials Co., Ltd., Zhouguanqiao Township Industrial Park, Shaodong City). Prepare the mixture by first mixing the organic fertilizer and rock mineral powder, then spraying the liquid conditioner while mixing. Incubate the mixture for one week to obtain a solid soil conditioner. This is designated YC31.

[0064] 7. Prepare a soil organic fertilizer using a composite indigenous microbial agent specifically for oil-tea plantations: Add ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, and boric acid to the solid soil conditioner obtained. This mixture produces a multi-trace element fertilizer containing 2.0% Fe (Note: This refers to the mass ratio in the finished product; for example, 1000kg of the finished bio-organic fertilizer contains 20kg Fe), 0.5% Mn, 5.0% Zn, 0.2% Cu, and 0.5% B, meeting the requirements of oil-tea plants. Incubate for one week to obtain a soil organic fertilizer. This is designated YC41.

[0065] Example 2

[0066] 1. Obtaining the mixture of indigenous microorganisms in oil-tea camellia forest (collection):

[0067] In the camellia germplasm resource and improved seed collection nursery at the Huangcaoping State-owned Camellia Oil Tree Farm in Shaodong County, Hunan Province, six major cultivars (Huaxin, Huajin, Huashuo, Xianglin 210, Xianglin 1, and Xianglin 27) were selected. Fertile soil samples (including decayed leaves) were collected from the surface layer (0-3 cm) beneath the trees, avoiding fertilized areas, and three replicates were collected for each species. The samples were gently mixed, and one composite sample was retained for each species. The composite sample was placed in a pre-sterilized stainless steel square tray, with the sample layer laid 1 cm thick. A cleaned and sterilized disposable cornstarch lunch box with a microporous bottom was placed on the composite sample, filling it 2 / 3 full and leaving 1 / 3 empty. The lunch box was covered with sterilized gauze and secured with a sterilized rubber band. After completion, the rice was placed in a constant-temperature chamber in an ex situ trap for indigenous microbial communities. After 5 days of incubation, the rice was observed to form numerous white and gray colonies, concluding the collection process.

[0068] Each captured sample was thoroughly mixed with brown sugar at a ratio of 1:1 (mass ratio) and placed in a cleaned and sterilized brown bottle. The mixture was naturally fermented at room temperature for 7 days to obtain 6 fermentation products, which were labeled as SY01, SY02, SY03, SY04, SY05, and SY06, respectively.

[0069] 2. Obtaining the indigenous microbial mixture (capture) from ancient Camellia oleifera trees:

[0070] Three 300-year-old and three 700-year-old tea oil trees were selected from Shichong Village (Yuanshanlao, north of Jincheng Town, Shaoyang County, Hunan Province). Fertile soil samples (including decayed leaves) were collected from the surface layer (0-3 cm) beneath the trees, avoiding areas with significant human disturbance (e.g., fertilization). Three replicate samples were collected from each tree and gently mixed, retaining one composite sample from each tree. The composite sample was placed in a pre-sterilized stainless steel square pan, with the sample layer laid 1 cm thick. A cleaned and sterilized disposable cornstarch lunch box with a microporous bottom was placed on top of the composite sample, filled 2 / 3 to the top and leaving 1 / 3 free. The lunch box was covered with sterile gauze and secured with a sterile rubber band. After this procedure, the rice was placed in a constant-temperature chamber in an ex situ trap for indigenous microbiome cultivation. After 5 days of incubation, the rice was observed to form numerous white and gray colonies, concluding the collection process.

[0071] Each captured sample was thoroughly mixed with brown sugar at a ratio of 1:1 (mass ratio) and placed in a cleaned and sterilized brown bottle. The mixture was naturally fermented at room temperature for 7 days to obtain 6 fermentation products, which were labeled as GSY3001, GSY3002, GSY3003, GSY7001, GSY7002, and GSY7003, respectively.

[0072] 3. A mixture of indigenous microorganisms from natural ecosystems (collections) is obtained:

[0073] In the Heboling State Forest Reserve in Shaoyang and the Huangsang Nature Reserve in Suining, Shaoyang, soil samples were collected from the understory litter layer (0-3 cm) of deciduous shrubs, deciduous trees, and bamboo forests. Three sites were selected for each reserve, and one sample was collected from each site. Three replicates of each sample were collected and gently mixed, retaining one composite sample from each site. The composite sample was placed in a pre-sterilized stainless steel square pan, with the sample layer laid 1 cm thick. A cleaned and sterilized disposable cornstarch lunch box with a microporous bottom was placed on the composite sample, filled 2 / 3 to the top, leaving 1 / 3 free. The lunch box was covered with sterilized gauze and secured with a sterilized rubber band. After this procedure, the rice was placed in a thermostatic chamber in an ex situ trap for the indigenous microbiome. After 5 days of incubation, the rice was observed to form numerous white and gray colonies, concluding the collection process.

[0074] Each captured sample was thoroughly mixed with brown sugar at a ratio of 1:1 (mass ratio) and placed in a cleaned and sterilized brown bottle. The mixture was naturally fermented at room temperature for 7 days to obtain 6 fermentation products, which were labeled as SYF001, SYF002, SYF003, SYF004, SYF005, and SYF006 respectively.

[0075] 4. Indigenous microbiome blending

[0076] (1) Mixture of indigenous microorganisms in oil tea forest: Mixture of indigenous microorganisms in oil tea forest: 10 ml of the fermentation mixture of indigenous microorganisms captured from the soil of the oil tea forest, SY01, SY02, SY03, SY04, SY05, SY06, and GSY3001, GSY3002, GSY3003, GSY7001, GSY7002, GSY7003, were taken in equal portions and gently stirred to form the mixture of healthy indigenous microorganisms in oil tea forest, labeled as SYYCIMO.

[0077] (2) Natural ecosystem indigenous microbial composition: 10 ml of each of the fermentation mixtures of the indigenous microbial collections SYF001, SYF002, SYF003, SYF004, SYF005, and SYF006 collected from the above-mentioned nature reserves were taken in equal portions and gently stirred to form a natural ecosystem healthy indigenous microbial composition, which was labeled SYFIMO.

[0078] (3) Obtaining a composite microbial agent specifically for oil-tea camellia forests: Place 30 ml of SYYCIMO and 20 ml of SYFIMO into a sterilized 1 L brown bottle, add 500 ml of mountain spring water, gently stir to mix, seal with sterilized filter paper, and incubate indoors in an aerobically controlled environment for 1 week, gently shaking once a day to ensure aerobic conditions. This yields a composite microbial agent specifically for oil-tea camellia forests.

[0079] 5. Liquid improver prepared from a composite indigenous microbial agent specifically for oil-tea camellia forests: the method is the same as in Example 1, and is designated as YC22.

[0080] 6. Prepare a solid improver using a composite indigenous microbial agent specifically for oil-tea camellia forests: The method is the same as in Example 1, and it is recorded as YC32.

[0081] 7. Preparation of soil organic fertilizer using a special indigenous microbial composite agent for oil tea forest: The method is the same as that in Example 1, and it is recorded as YC42.

[0082] Test Example 1

[0083] 1. Liquid modifier (YC21) prepared using Example 1:

[0084] In March 2023, a spraying trial was conducted on two-year-old tea seedlings at the Shaodong Organic Fertilizer Plant of Shaoyang Yinong Biotechnology Co., Ltd. YC21 was diluted 10-fold and sprayed into the soil around the base of the seedlings. The dosage was 15 L per mu (approximately 1 acre). Two sprayings were performed, 10 days apart. The treatment area was 1 mu (approximately 1 acre), while a control area of ​​0.5 mu (approximately 1 acre) was sprayed with the same amount of water. Seedling vigor was observed in October 2024. Measuring instruments were used to measure indicators such as plant height, leaf thickness, stem diameter, and crown circumference. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0085] Table 1 Effect of liquid amendment (YC21) application on tea seedling growth

[0086] Average plant height (cm) Average blade thickness (mm) Average stem diameter at stem base (cm) Crown circumference (cm) control group 52.5±7.6 0.65±0.08 2.9±0.3 25.0±2.1 Experimental group 103.3±20.8 0.70±0.06 4.4±0.2 48.7±4.2

[0087] The results showed that compared with the control group, the average plant height increased by 96.8%, the average thickness of the upper leaves increased by 7.7%, the average stem diameter at the base of the plant increased by 51.7%, and the crown circumference increased by 94.8%. Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the upper part is the biological agent treatment group, and the lower part is the control group (the clear edge boundary is difficult to see after the picture was taken, and a horizontal line is added to the figure to divide the upper and lower areas). The results show that the leaves of the biological agent treatment group are dark green, while the leaves of the control group are lighter in color. The tea seedlings in the biological agent treatment group have better growth.

[0088] 2. Liquid modifier (YC22) prepared using Example 2:

[0089] In March 2023, a spraying trial was conducted on two-year-old tea seedlings at the Shaodong Organic Fertilizer Plant of Shaoyang Yinong Biotechnology Co., Ltd. YC22 was diluted 10-fold and sprayed into the soil around the base of the seedlings. The dosage was 15 L per mu (approximately 1.5 acres). Two sprayings were performed, approximately 10 days apart. The treatment area was 1 mu (approximately 1.5 acres), while a control area (0.5 mu) was sprayed with the same amount of water. Seedling vigor was observed in October 2024, using measuring instruments to measure indicators such as plant height, leaf thickness, stem diameter, and crown circumference. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0090] Table 2 Effect of liquid amendment (YC22) application on tea seedling growth

[0091] Average plant height (cm) Average blade thickness (mm) Average stem diameter at stem base (cm) Crown circumference (cm) control group 52.5±7.6 0.65±0.08 2.9±0.3 25.0±2.1 Experimental group 100.±17.3 0.72±0.08 4.1±0.2 50.0±3.2

[0092] The results showed that compared with the control, the average plant height increased by 90.5%, the average thickness of the upper leaves increased by 10.8%, the stem diameter at the base of the plant increased by 41.4%, and the crown circumference increased by 100%. Figure 3 As shown, the left picture is the control group, and the right picture is the YC22-treated group.

[0093] 3. The solid modifier (YC31) prepared in Example 1:

[0094] In November 2023, a field application trial was conducted at a tea forest farm in Jiulongling Town, Shaodong City. Five-year-old trees were treated with 2 kg of YC31 per tree, applied in furrows approximately 25 cm deep. The treatment group consisted of 15 plants, while the control group received chemical fertilizers (fertilizer application was in accordance with local farmer practices). The control group consisted of 9 plants. Harvested in October 2024, the experimental group's tea seed weight was 2.90 kg per plant, with an oil yield of 20%. The control group's tea seed weight was 2.00 kg per plant, with an oil yield of 20%. Results showed a 45.0% increase in tea seed weight compared to the chemical fertilizer control group, with no significant change in oil yield.

[0095] 4. The solid modifier (YC32) prepared in Example 2:

[0096] In November 2023, a field application trial was conducted at a tea forest farm in Jiulongling Town, Shaodong City. Five-year-old trees were treated with 2 kg of YC32 per tree, applied in furrows approximately 25 cm deep. The treatment group consisted of 17 plants, while the control group, which received chemical fertilizers (based on local farmer practices), had 9 plants. Harvested in October 2024, the experimental group's tea seed weight was 2.86 kg per plant, with an oil yield of 20%. The control group's tea seed weight was 2.00 kg per plant, with an oil yield of 20%. Results showed a 43.0% increase in tea seed weight compared to the chemical fertilizer control group, with no significant change in oil yield.

[0097] 5. Soil organic fertilizer (YC41) prepared using Example 1:

[0098] In November 2023, a field application trial was conducted at a tea forest farm in Jiulongling Town, Shaodong City. Eight-year-old trees were treated with 4 kg of YC41 per tree, applied in furrows approximately 25 cm deep. The treatment group consisted of 34 plants, while the control group, which received chemical fertilizers (fertilizer application according to local farmer practices), also had 32 plants. Harvested in October 2024, the experimental group's tea seed weight was 19.40 kg per plant, with an oil yield of 25%. The control group's tea seed weight was 13.30 kg per plant, with an oil yield of 22%. Results showed a 45.9% increase in tea seed yield and a 13.6% increase in oil yield compared to the chemical fertilizer control group.

[0099] 6. Soil organic fertilizer (YC42) prepared using Example 2:

[0100] In November 2023, a field application trial was conducted at a tea forest farm in Jiulongling Town, Shaodong City. Eight-year-old trees were treated with 4 kg of YC42 per tree, applied in furrows approximately 25 cm deep. The treatment group consisted of 27 plants, while the control group, which received chemical fertilizers (fertilizer application was in accordance with local farmer practices), had 32 plants. Harvested in October 2024, the experimental group's tea seed weight was 19.20 kg per plant, with an oil yield of 23%. The control group's tea seed weight was 13.30 kg per plant, with an oil yield of 22%. Results showed a 44.4% increase in tea seed yield and a 4.5% increase in oil yield compared to the chemical fertilizer control group.

[0101] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a soil conditioner for oil-tea camellia forest based on indigenous flora, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Capturing indigenous microorganisms in the surface soil of unfertilized areas under the main varieties of oil-tea trees in the germplasm resource garden, capturing 1 to 2 portions under each main variety of oil-tea tree; capturing 3 to 6 portions of indigenous microorganisms in the surface soil of unfertilized areas in old oil-tea forests; fermenting each portion of captured material separately to obtain a fermentation mixture, and mixing the fermentation mixtures in equal volume proportions to obtain an oil-tea forest indigenous microbial mixture; the main varieties of oil-tea trees are ≥5 years old; the old oil-tea forests are ≥100 years old; (2) capturing 3 to 6 portions of indigenous microorganisms from the surface soil under a broadleaf forest or bamboo forest in a natural ecosystem, fermenting each portion individually to obtain a fermentation mixture, and mixing the fermentation mixtures in equal volume proportions to obtain a mixture of indigenous microorganisms of the natural ecosystem; (3) The mixture of indigenous microorganisms in the oil-tea camellia forest and the mixture of indigenous microorganisms in the natural ecosystem are mixed and cultured with water to obtain an indigenous microbial composite agent; (4) Indigenous microbial compound agents are mixed and cultured with organic matter to obtain oil tea forest soil conditioner.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The thickness of the surface soil is 0 to 3 cm; the separate fermentation is performed by mixing the captured material with brown sugar or molasses of equal mass and then fermenting the mixture; and the separate fermentation time is 7 to 10 days.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In the step (3), the mixture of indigenous microorganisms of the oil-tea camellia forest and the mixture of indigenous microorganisms of the natural ecosystem are mixed in a volume ratio of (3-4): (1-2); and the time for the water-adding culture is 6-8 days.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein In the step (4), the organic matter is sodium alginate and humic acid, the incubation time is 24 to 48 hours, and the obtained oil tea forest soil improver is a liquid soil improver.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The liquid soil conditioner, biochar and natural rock mineral powder are mixed and cultured, or the liquid soil conditioner, decomposed organic fertilizer and natural rock mineral powder are mixed and cultured to obtain a solid soil conditioner.

6. The oil-tea tree forest soil conditioner prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

7. A method for preparing organic fertilizer in oil-tea camellia forest soil based on indigenous flora, characterized in that: The solid soil conditioner according to claim 5, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate and boric acid are mixed and cultured to obtain an organic fertilizer for oil tea forest soil.

8. The organic fertilizer for oil-tea camellia forest soil prepared by the method according to claim 7.

9. Use of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, the oil-tea tree forest soil improver according to claim 6, the method according to claim 7, or the oil-tea tree forest soil organic fertilizer according to claim 8 in oil-tea tree forest cultivation.

10. A method for improving the soil of a camellia oil plantation or increasing the yield and quality of camellia oil seeds, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: applying the soil improver prepared by any one of the methods of claims 1 to 5, or applying the soil organic fertilizer prepared by the method of claim 7.

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