Method for cultivating gall flowers by using hamburger as winter hosts of rhus chinensis gall flower autumn migrant aphids and application

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of gallnut artificial cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating gall flowers by using hamburger as a winter host of rhus chinensis gall flower autumn migrant aphids and application, and the method comprises the steps of S1, winter host hamburger planting, S2, gall flower autumn migrant aphid migration, S3, gall flower overwintering aphid collection, and S4, gall flower cultivation. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the hamburger is used as a winter host of the gall flower aphids, artificial cultivation of the gall flowers is achieved, and the technical problem of how to achieve artificial cultivation of the gall flowers, increase the yield of the gall flowers and further increase the yield of the gallnuts by artificially breeding the gall flower aphids is solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of artificial cultivation of Chinese gallnut, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating Chinese gallnut by using feather moss as a winter host of Schlehaundia chinensis Bode for autumn migration aphid and application. BACKGROUND

[0002] Chinese gallnut occupies a crucial position in the forestry characteristic industry. Firstly, the market demand is large and the space is broad. The main products of Chinese gallnut processing are tannic acid, gallic acid, pyrogallic acid and gallic acid ester products, which are widely used in medicine, aviation, petroleum, metallurgy, national defense, education, light industry, food, IT and other industries, and the market demand is increasing. Especially, pyrogallic acid, as the main raw material of photoresist, is a key material for the development of global chip industry. However, the industrial links of Chinese gallnut are complex and the technical difficulty is high, and the yield cannot meet the market demand, resulting in a shortage of Chinese gallnut. Therefore, the Chinese gallnut industry has good development prospects.

[0003] With the continuous development and utilization of downstream products, Chinese gallnut has been unable to meet the market demand by relying on natural wild gall. At present, about 95% of the trees in the tens of millions of mu of wild gall forest in the country cannot produce gall due to the lack of aphids, and must rely on artificial cultivation of aphids to make up for the market gap. At present, the development of artificial planting of Chinese gallnut in China mainly focuses on horn gall, which accounts for about 98% of the artificial planting of Chinese gallnut industry. However, with the gradual expansion of planting area, the disadvantages of horn gall industry gradually appear: The resource of winter host is scarce. In recent years, the large-scale promotion of horn gall industry has caused the wild resources of winter host "lateral branch dwarf moss" to gradually dry up, and the collection of moss species has gradually been limited. The artificial propagation of this moss is difficult, and its growth environment has extremely harsh requirements for temperature, humidity, light and other environmental conditions, so many planters have not been able to master effective moss propagation technology. Poor growth of moss will affect the parasitic effect of autumn migration aphid, and then affect the yield of spring migration aphid in the next year, hindering the large-scale development of Chinese gallnut industry.

[0004] In addition to horn gall, salt tree can also produce gall flower, and the weight of a single fresh gall flower of salt tree can reach 0.3-1KG. Horn gall and gall flower parasitism do not affect each other. Although salt tree can produce gall flower, it is common to produce only horn gall, and the utilization rate of the whole tree is not high.

[0005] At present, the existing literature records that the winter host of gall flower aphid is big gray moss, but through experiments, it is found that gall flower aphid does not parasitize on big gray moss, so there is no technical scheme for artificial cultivation of gall flower in the technical field. At present, the yield of gall flower completely relies on the natural migration of wild aphids, and the growth of gall flower requires the corresponding tree, insect and moss, and the output conditions of gall flower are affected by factors such as climate, resulting in unstable yield of gall flower.

[0006] In summary, how to improve the yield of gall by artificially breeding gall aphids in salt bush hanging bags, and then improve the yield of gallnut is a technical problem to be solved in the industry. SUMMARY

[0007] The present application aims to provide a method for cultivating gall using feather moss as the winter host of the autumn migratory aphid of salt bush gall, and application, mainly for solving the technical problem of how to realize artificial cultivation of gall by artificially breeding gall aphids, improve the yield of gall, and then improve the yield of gallnut.

[0008] To solve the above technical problems, the present application provides the following technical solutions: A method for cultivating gall using feather moss as the winter host of the autumn migratory aphid of salt bush gall, comprising the following steps: S1: Winter host moss planting: S11: Raw material preparation: collect 30 kg of feather moss in the wild, and prepare clay under the ground for use; S12: Land preparation: turn over the soil and make ridges, and wait for use; S13: Moss planting: put the clay in a bucket and stir it into mud slurry, take the geotextile cut into 1 square meter 1 piece and lay it on the ridge and water it thoroughly, pour the mud slurry onto the geotextile and spread it evenly with your hands, then plant the collected feather moss seeds on the geotextile, after planting the moss, use a wooden board to pat the moss and make it stick to the mud slurry, so that the moss and mud slurry are completely attached together, then set up a shading net above the geotextile where the moss is planted, and then do a good job of field management and wait for the moss to grow; S2: Gall autumn migratory aphid migration: in the middle of September, when the gall is opened, the autumn migratory aphid starts to migrate, select large salt bush gall as the seed gall and place it on the edge of the moss, select the shading net and let the gall autumn migratory aphid migrate naturally to the moss; in the last ten days of September, after the autumn migratory aphid migrates to the moss, continue to set up the shading net and do a good job of fine field management; S3: Collection of overwintering aphids: in the middle of March of the next year, when the aphids on the moss have hatched into spring migratory aphids, move all the moss blocks to the aphid collection greenhouse to collect spring migratory aphids; S4: Cultivation of gall: after the spring migratory aphids are collected and packed, let the spring migratory aphids lay female and male aphids in a high humidity environment and complete mating, check if the female aphids have laid dry mothers by opening the bag, if dry mothers are found crawling, hang the insect bags on the salt bush tree in sequence according to the collection date, in the middle of April, the dry mothers feed on the tree and form young galls, in the middle of June, the young galls gradually grow, and in the middle of September, the mature galls are collected.

[0009] Preferably, the feather moss includes one or more of short rib feather moss, green feather moss and large feather moss.

[0010] Preferably, the feather moss is short rib feather moss.

[0011] Preferably, in the step S12, the ridges are 1.2 meters wide and 40 centimeters high, and the ridges are high on one side and low on the other side, with a height difference of 15 CM.

[0012] Preferably, in the step S13, the thickness of the mud cannot exceed 0.2 centimeters; and the collected feather moss is planted on the geotextile at an interval of 6 centimeters, and 1 jin of moss is planted per square geotextile.

[0013] Preferably, in the step S13, the shading rate of the shading net is 75%; and the growth of the moss is checked regularly during field management, and the temperature, humidity and light are adjusted according to the growth, so as to ensure that the field is not waterlogged and the growth of the moss is not affected.

[0014] Preferably, in the step 2, 1 jin of seed is placed around every 2-3 square geotextiles.

[0015] Preferably, in the step 2, during the fine management of the field, the mold of the flower is avoided, and the density of the insects on the moss is controlled, and the number of autumn migratory aphids per square centimeter is 5-15.

[0016] Preferably, in the step 2, during the fine management of the field, attention should be paid to prevent water accumulation on the moss surface, and while maintaining humidity, mold after high temperature and high humidity of the moss should be prevented; after the aphid parasitism forms a wax ball, scattered light is mainly used, and the daytime light intensity in the field is controlled to be 3000-10000 lux.

[0017] Application of feather moss as the winter host of autumn migratory aphids of Rhus coriaria.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present application are as follows: 1. The prior art records that the winter host of Rhus coriaria aphid is Funaria hygrometrica, but after many experiments, it is found that the excellent drought-tolerant winter host of Rhus coriaria aphid is "Thuidium kanedae Sakurai", and it does not parasitize on Funaria hygrometrica, and the true winter host is feather moss. Meanwhile, feather moss is easy to artificially breed, is often found on the edge of stones and soil ridges under the forest, has low requirements for growth environment temperature, temperature and light, and grows well in natural environment. Using feather moss as the winter host of Rhus coriaria aphid for artificial Rhus coriaria cultivation overcomes the technical bias in the industry, initiates the artificial cultivation method of Rhus coriaria, realizes the artificial cultivation of Rhus coriaria, improves the yield of Rhus coriaria, and further improves the yield of gallnut.

[0019] 2. By artificially planting "feather moss" under the forest, the natural migration of aphids is promoted, the cumbersome process of artificially planting moss is reduced, the yield of Rhus coriaria is increased by more than 1 times by artificial bagging per mu, the planting and management are convenient and simple, the labor is not strong, and it is beneficial to the large-scale development of the gallnut industry. Also, by collecting moss for concentrated planting and management, the autumn migratory aphids can naturally fly to the moss to overwinter, and in mid-March of the next year, the moss is collected into the aphid collection shed for concentrated aphid collection and bagging, which complements the shortage of natural migration of moss planted in the forest.

[0020] 3. The growth of feather moss greatly affects the parasitic amount of autumn swing aphids. Through fine management of moss fields, controlling field illumination, ensuring the growth of feather moss under suitable illumination intensity, realizing high coverage, and then improving the parasitic amount of aphids per unit area. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0022] In the description of the present application, one or more is meant to be one or more, more than two is meant to be two or more, greater than, less than, more than, etc. are understood to not include the number, above, below, within, etc. are understood to include the number. If the terms "first", "second", "third" are described, they are only for description purpose and distinguishing technical features purpose, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the sequence of indicated technical features.

[0023] The embodiments of the present application will be described below according to the overall structure of the present application.

[0024] Embodiment 1: (1) Experimental unit: Zunyi Gall Nut Breeding Professional Cooperative (2) Experimental site: Huangcun Group, Songlin Town, Zhongnan Village, HuiChuan District, Zunyi City, longitude 106.697, latitude 27.6673, altitude 1110 meters.

[0025] (3) Experimental specific materials and methods: A feather moss as a salt gall autumn swing aphid winter host to cultivate gall, comprising the following steps: S1: Winter host moss planting: S11: Raw material preparation: prepare geotextile 30 square meters, cut according to 1 square meter 1 piece, 6-pin shading net 2 meters wide 100 meters long 1 circle, glass fiber arch strip 5 millimeters thick 1.9 meters long 60 roots, water bucket 1, hoe, iron shovel each one, wild feather moss 30 kg, the feather moss is short rib feather moss, 50 kg of clay 30 centimeters below the ground, clean water; S12: Land preparation: turn over and mound, mound 1.2 meters wide and 40 centimeters high, the mound should be high on one side and low on the other side, with a height difference of about 15 cm for rainwater drainage; S13: Moss planting: After collecting the feather moss back in the wild, remove impurities and weeds, put the clay in a barrel and stir it into a slurry. Lay the geotextile on the ridge and water it thoroughly. Pour the slurry onto the geotextile and spread it evenly with your hands. The thickness of the slurry should not exceed 0.2 cm. Then, plant the moss on the geotextile at a distance of 6 cm. After planting, use a wooden board to press the moss onto the slurry, making sure it adheres completely. This will help the moss grow roots and sprouts quickly. Each square meter of moss should weigh about 1 kg. Finally, insert the arch and cover it with a shade net with a light blocking rate of 75%. Regularly check the growth of the moss and adjust the temperature, humidity, and light according to its growth. Make sure the field does not accumulate water to avoid affecting the growth of the moss. S2: Migration of autumn aphids: In mid-September, when 5% of the flowers have opened, select 15 kg of large and excellent saltwood flowers for breeding. Place them in baskets, each containing 1 kg, and evenly distribute them on a 30 square meter feather moss. Remove the shade net and allow the autumn aphids to migrate naturally to the moss. Pay attention to the mold on the flowers and the density of the aphids on the moss. The number of autumn aphids per square centimeter should be between 5 and 15. S3: Collection of overwintering aphids: In mid-March of the following year, observe the emergence of spring aphids from the moss. Then, move all the moss blocks to the aphid collection greenhouse to collect the spring aphids. S4: Collection and packaging of spring aphids: Place the collected spring aphids in an environment with a humidity of 70-85% for 7-10 days. This allows the spring aphids to produce male and female aphids and complete mating. After about 10 days, store the bags at room temperature. After 25 days, check the bags for dry mothers. If any are found, hang the bags on saltwood trees according to the collection date. In mid-April, the dry mothers will feed on the trees and produce young flowers. In mid-June, the young flowers will grow and mature in mid-September.

[0026] In this scheme, before transplanting the moss blocks in step S3, randomly select 10 square moss blocks and randomly select 5 square centimeters from each block. Observe under a microscope and find that there are 2-7 unemerged nymphs per square centimeter in Example 1. The moss is green and the average coverage rate of each block of geotextile is 85.6%. In step S4, manually collect aphids at a rate of 80-110 bags per square meter. Three-year-old trees can produce 4-5 flowers per branch through natural migration, and the entire plant can produce up to 30-40 flowers. The yield of saltwood flowers per mu is 180-250 kg.

[0027] Example 2: In this example, short-rib feather moss is replaced by green feather moss.

[0028] In this scheme, before moss block transplantation in step S3, 10 square moss blocks were randomly selected, and 5 square centimeters were randomly selected from each block. Under the microscope, it was observed that there were 1-4 unfeathered nymphs per square centimeter in Example 1.

[0029] Example 3: Different from Example 1, the short-ribbed feather moss was replaced by large feather moss.

[0030] In this scheme, before moss block transplantation in step S3, 10 square moss blocks were randomly selected, and 5 square centimeters were randomly selected from each block. Under the microscope, it was observed that there were 1-4 unfeathered nymphs per square centimeter in Example 1.

[0031] Comparative Example 1: Wild Rhus chinensis was collected in wild Rhus chinensis forest.

[0032] According to the observation, the yield of wild Rhus chinensis in the wild Rhus chinensis forest was 10-20 kg per mu.

[0033] Comparative Example 2: Different from Example 1, the shading net light shielding rate was 50%.

[0034] The moss color was slightly yellow, and the average single piece of geotextile was covered with feather moss at a rate of 40.3%; In this scheme, before moss block transplantation in step S3, 10 square moss blocks were randomly selected, and 5 square centimeters were randomly selected from each block. Under the microscope, it was observed that there were 1-4 unfeathered nymphs per square centimeter in Example 1.

[0035] Comparative Example 3: Different from Example 1, no shading net was set.

[0036] The moss color was yellow, and the average single piece of geotextile was covered with feather moss at a rate of 20.3%.

[0037] In this scheme, before moss block transplantation in step S3, 10 square moss blocks were randomly selected, and 5 square centimeters were randomly selected from each block. Under the microscope, it was observed that there were 1-4 unfeathered nymphs per square centimeter in Example 1.

[0038] Comparative Example 4: Different from Example 1, the feather moss was replaced by large gray moss.

[0039] In this scheme, before moss block transplantation in step S3, 10 square moss blocks were randomly selected, and 5 square centimeters were randomly selected from each block. Under the microscope, it was observed that there were 1-4 unfeathered nymphs per square centimeter in Example 1.

[0040] Conclusion: 1. By comparing the experimental data of Example 1 with Comparative Example 1, the yield of artificially cultivated gall is much higher than that of wild gall, which proves that the method of artificially cultivating gall can greatly improve the yield of gallnut.

[0041] 2. Through field observation and the above experimental data, it can be finally determined that feather moss is a good winter host of R. salicis, and by planting "feather moss" for gall aphid migration, artificial breeding of gall aphid can be realized. In Examples 1-3, the parasitic amount of autumn migratory aphids on short rib feather moss is the largest, so short rib feather moss is determined as the optimal winter host of gall aphid.

[0042] 3. The growth of moss is closely related to the light intensity in the natural environment. When the light intensity of the moss land decreases or increases (by selecting the shading rate of the shading net to control the light intensity of the moss land), the coverage and growth of the moss will be negatively affected, which will affect the parasitic amount of gall aphids in a single area, and further affect the yield of gall.

[0043] The foregoing description of specific exemplary embodiments of the application is intended to be illustrative only and is not intended to be limiting as to the scope of the application. Numerous variations and modifications are possible in light of the above teachings. Although exemplary embodiments of the application have been shown and described, it is to be understood that various modifications and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, and that the scope of the application should not be limited by any of the particular described embodiments. The specific features, structures, materials or characteristics can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples, the purpose being to explain the principles of the application and its practical application to enable others skilled in the art to utilize the application in its broadest aspects, and it will be understood that the application can be practiced otherwise than as specifically described and that the scope of the application is not intended to be limited to the specific examples described.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating Rhus chinensis as a winter host for the autumn-migrating aphid of Rhus chinensis, characterized in that: S1: Winter host moss planting: S11: Raw material preparation: Collect 30 catties of feather moss seeds and clay from the ground in the wild; S12: Land preparation: turning over the soil and making ridges for future use; S13: Moss Planting: Place clay in a bucket and stir it into slurry. Take a geotextile cut into 1 square meter pieces and spread it on the ridge and water it thoroughly. Pour the slurry on the geotextile and spread it evenly by hand. Then, tear the collected feather moss seeds into small pieces and plant them on the geotextile. After planting the moss, use a wooden board to pat the moss onto the slurry so that the moss and the mud are completely attached. Place a shade net above the geotextile planted with moss. Then, properly manage the field and wait for the moss seeds to grow. S2: Migration of autumn aphids: In mid-September, when the flowers open, the aphids begin to migrate. Select large Rhus chinensis flowers as seed beds and place them next to the moss. Remove the shade net and let the aphids migrate naturally to the moss. In late September, after the aphids have migrated to the moss, continue to set up the shade net and carry out meticulous field management. S3: Collection of overwintering nymphs: In mid-March of the following year, if nymphs on the moss are observed to have emerged as spring-migrant aphids, all the moss blocks can be moved to the aphid collection greenhouse to collect the spring-migrant aphids. S4: Cultivating double flowers: After spring migrating aphids are collected and bagged, they are allowed to lay male and female aphids in a high humidity environment and complete mating. The bags are taken out to check whether the female aphids have produced dry mothers. If dry mothers are found crawling, the insect bags can be hung on the Rhus chinensis trees according to the collection date. In mid-April, the dry mothers come up the tree to feed and form double flowers. In mid-June, the double flowers gradually swell. After they mature in mid-September, the double flowers are collected.

2. The method for cultivating Rhus chinensis as a winter host for the autumn-migrating aphid of Rhus chinensis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feather moss includes one or more of short-rib feather moss, green feather moss, and large feather moss.

3. The method for cultivating Rhus chinensis as a winter host for the autumn-migrating aphid of Rhus chinensis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feather moss is short-rib feather moss.

4. The method for cultivating Rhus chinensis as a winter host for the autumn-migrating aphid of Rhus chinensis according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S12, ridges are formed with a width of 1.2 meters and a height of 40 centimeters, with one side of the ridge being higher and the other lower, with a height difference of 15 cm.

5. The method for cultivating Rhus chinensis as a winter host for the autumn-migrating aphid of Rhus chinensis according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S13, the thickness of the mud cannot exceed 0.2 cm; the collected feather moss seeds are torn into small pieces and planted on the geotextile at intervals of 6 cm, with 1 kilogram of moss planted on each square meter of geotextile.

6. The method for cultivating Rhus chinensis as a winter host of the feather moss for the aphids migrating from autumn to winter according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S13, the shading rate of the shade net is 75%. During the field management process, the growth of moss must be checked regularly, and the temperature, humidity and light must be adjusted according to the growth to ensure that there is no water accumulation in the field to avoid affecting the growth of moss.

7. The method for cultivating Rhus chinensis as a winter host of the Rhus chinensis aphid according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, place 1 jin of seed around every 2-3 square meters of geotextile.

8. The method for cultivating Rhus chinensis as a winter host for the autumn-migrating aphid of Rhus chinensis according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, during the refined field management, it is necessary to avoid mold on the flowers and control the insect density on the moss, with the number of autumn migrating aphids being 5-15 per square centimeter.

9. The method for cultivating Rhus chinensis as a winter host of the Rhus chinensis aphid according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, during the refined field management, attention should be paid to preventing water accumulation on the moss surface. While maintaining humidity, the moss should be prevented from becoming moldy due to high temperature and high humidity. If aphids parasitize and form wax balls, they will mainly rely on scattered light. The daytime light intensity in the field should be controlled at 3000-10000 lux.

10. The application of feather moss as the winter host of the autumn-migrating aphid of Rhus chinensis to cultivate Rhus chinensis.