Low cost air antenna

Abstract

The application discloses a low-cost air antenna and relates to the technical field of antennas, which comprises an antenna reflecting plate, an antenna dielectric plate, a metal column and a feeding component, the first surface and the second surface of the antenna dielectric plate are respectively provided with a first radiating element and a second radiating element, the second surface is the side of the antenna dielectric plate opposite to the antenna reflecting plate, the first radiating element and the second radiating element generate a first resonant frequency and a second resonant frequency respectively, the antenna dielectric plate is provided with an opening, the first end of the metal column is fixedly connected with the antenna reflecting plate, and the second end of the feeding component penetrates through the opening, so that the first radiating element and the second radiating element are coupled and fed through the opening; the two radiating units are coupled and fed, the bandwidth can be expanded, the four feeding components are coupled, the axial ratio is better, there are fewer feeding points and fewer devices compared with the four feeding components of the laminated four feeding components, the assembly difficulty is simplified, and the assembly cost, the material cost and the antenna weight are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of antenna technology, and more particularly to a low-cost air-type antenna. Background Technology

[0002] A low-cost air-type antenna supports GNSS signal reception from multiple systems, including BeiDou, GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, and L-band frequency signals. The GNSS antenna unit employs a quad-feed design, achieving millimeter-level phase center accuracy and enhanced antenna stability. It can be used in high-precision applications such as precision agriculture, smart construction, and autonomous driving, significantly improving operational efficiency and having a major impact on industry development. To adapt to more application scenarios, high-precision positioning antennas are evolving towards lightweight, low-cost, and multifunctional designs.

[0003] Common traditional GNSS air-type antennas are made of either PPO material or PCB material;

[0004] Traditional PPO air-type antennas suffer from large size, high cost, and poor batch-to-batch consistency. Furthermore, the injection molding process significantly increases the weight of a single unit compared to PCB solutions, and mold costs increase exponentially with the finished product volume, requiring cost amortization across each unit. Differences in material batches also lead to tolerances in dielectric constant, causing frequency deviations between batches.

[0005] Traditional PCB air-type antennas suffer from structural complexity and performance limitations: the large number of short-circuit support pillars makes assembly difficult and increases BOM and assembly costs; at the same time, the resonance generated by the direct feeding structure of its radiating element compresses the bandwidth and cannot achieve broadband performance. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to design a low-cost air-type antenna to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0007] The present invention achieves the above objectives through the following technical solutions:

[0008] A low-cost air-type antenna, comprising:

[0009] Antenna reflector;

[0010] Antenna dielectric substrate; a first radiating element and a second radiating element are respectively provided on the first surface and the second surface of the antenna dielectric substrate, the second surface is the side of the antenna dielectric substrate opposite to the antenna reflector, the first radiating element and the second radiating element generate a first resonant frequency and a second resonant frequency respectively, and an opening is provided on the antenna dielectric substrate;

[0011] At least two metal pillars; the first end of each metal pillar is fixedly connected to the antenna reflector, and the second end of each metal pillar is connected to the second radiating element;

[0012] Feeding component; the first end of the feeding component is fixedly connected to the antenna reflector, and the second end of the feeding component passes through the opening, so as to realize the common-feed coupling feeding of the first radiating element and the second radiating element.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: both radiating elements adopt coupled feeding, which can expand the bandwidth; and the co-coupled quad feed has a better axial ratio, with fewer feed points and fewer components compared to the stacked quad feed; the number of antenna metal pillars in this invention is less than the number of metal pillars in traditional PCB air-type antennas; it simplifies the assembly difficulty and reduces assembly cost, material cost and antenna weight. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a low-cost air-type antenna according to the present invention;

[0015] Figure 2 This is a side view of a low-cost air-type antenna according to the present invention;

[0016] Figure 3 This is a top view of a low-cost air-type antenna according to the present invention;

[0017] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second surface in a low-cost air-type antenna according to the present invention;

[0018] The corresponding figure labels are:

[0019] 1-Antenna reflector, 2-Antenna dielectric substrate, 3-Metal pillar, 4-Feeding component, 21-First radiating component, 211-Second conductive region, 212-First non-conductive region, 213-First conductive region, 22-Second radiating component, 221-Third conductive region, 222-Second non-conductive region, 223-Fourth conductive region, 224-Coupling stub, 225-Short-circuit structure. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0021] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0022] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0023] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "inner," "outer," "left," "right," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of this invention is in use, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly understood by those skilled in the art. They are only used to facilitate the description of this invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0024] Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0025] In the description of this invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, terms such as "set" and "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be a connection within two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0026] The specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0027] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, a low-cost air-type antenna includes:

[0028] Antenna reflector 1;

[0029] Antenna dielectric substrate 2; a first radiating element 21 and a second radiating element 22 are respectively provided on the first surface and the second surface of the antenna dielectric substrate 2. The second surface is the side of the antenna dielectric substrate 2 opposite to the antenna reflector 1. The first radiating element 21 and the second radiating element 22 generate a first resonant frequency and a second resonant frequency respectively. An opening is provided on the antenna dielectric substrate 2.

[0030] At least two metal pillars 3; the first end of each metal pillar 3 is fixedly connected to the antenna reflector 1, and the second end of each metal pillar 3 is connected to the second radiating element 22.

[0031] Feeding component; the first end of the feeding component is fixedly connected to the antenna reflector 1, and the second end of the feeding component passes through the opening. The feeding component passes through the opening to realize the common-feed coupling feeding of the first radiating element 21 and the second radiating element 22.

[0032] Each first radiating element 21 includes N first radiating units and a first conductive region 213. The first conductive region surrounds all the first radiating units. Each first radiating unit includes a second conductive region 211 and a first non-conductive region 212. The first non-conductive region 212 surrounds the second conductive region 211. The feeding component includes N feeding elements 4. The antenna dielectric substrate 2 has N openings. One feeding element 4 passes through one opening. N is a positive integer not less than 2. The feeding components and the second conductive region 211 are connected. The coupling feeding of the first radiating element is achieved through the coupling of the second conductive region 211 to the first conductive region 213.

[0033] The first non-conductive region serves as an annular groove, and the power supply probe of the power supply component 4 is located within the annular groove. The distance between the annular groove and the power supply probe is greater than zero.

[0034] like Figure 4 As shown, each second radiating element 22 includes N third conductive regions 221, a second non-conductive region 222, a fourth conductive region 223, and M coupling branches 224. The second non-conductive region 222 surrounds all the third conductive regions 221, and the fourth conductive region 223 surrounds the second non-conductive region 222. An opening is located in one third conductive region 221, and the coupling branches 224 are located around the fourth conductive region 223. The distance between the feed probe of the feed element 4 and the inner wall of the opening is greater than zero, and M is a positive integer not less than 2. The third conductive region 221 is directly connected to the feed element, and then the third conductive region 221 couples with the fourth conductive region 223, realizing coupled feeding of the second radiating element. The second conductive region 211 and the third conductive region 221 are metallized and connected through the opening through which the feed element passes, realizing that the feed element feeds the first radiating element 21 and the second radiating element 22 together, realizing co-feed feeding.

[0035] M coupling stubs 224 are arranged in a circular array with the central axis of the antenna dielectric substrate 2 as the center, and the second end of the metal pillar 3 is connected to the coupling stubs 224.

[0036] The contact points between the metal pillar 3 and the coupling stub 224 are all located at the center or edge of the coupling stub 224. The metal pillar 3 not only supports the antenna dielectric substrate 2, but also acts as a short-circuit structure for the antenna, equivalent to introducing an inductive element into the antenna, which can adjust the resonant frequency of the antenna; it can also effectively suppress multipath signals to a certain extent. A rectangular protrusion is added to the outer edge of the fourth conductive region 223. There is coupling between the protrusion and the coupling stub 224. Through the coupling effect, the frequency and bandwidth of the antenna can be adjusted. The antenna dielectric substrate 2 is made of a very light PCB board material, which is heat-resistant and easy to solder the metal pillar 3.

[0037] The low-cost air-type antenna also includes N short-circuit structures 225. The introduction of short-circuit structures 225 is to achieve the first and second radiation frequencies, and to realize the electrical connection between the first radiating element 21 and the second radiating element 22, thus better completing the folding of the radiating patch and effectively reducing the size of the antenna patch. Because the short-circuit structure forms a strong coupling with the feeding component, it is equivalent to introducing a capacitor load, thereby achieving impedance compensation and enabling impedance matching at a position below the original resonant frequency.

[0038] The working principle of the low-cost air-type antenna of the present invention is as follows:

[0039] The feeding component passes through the first surface of the antenna dielectric substrate 2 for coupling feeding. The feeding component 4 on the first surface of the antenna dielectric substrate 2 is connected to the second conductive region 211. The feeding component passes through the second surface of the antenna dielectric substrate 2 for coupling feeding. The feeding component 4 on the second surface of the antenna dielectric substrate 2 is connected to the third conductive region 221, thereby realizing the coupling feeding of the first radiating element 21 and the second radiating element 22 respectively.

[0040] The antenna patch of this invention uses an air-type dielectric; it uses fewer metal pillars 3, reducing the number of metal pillars 3 around the periphery by half compared to traditional PCB air-type antennas, thus reducing material and assembly costs, lowering the overall weight and cost of the antenna, simplifying assembly steps, and reducing assembly difficulty; both the first radiator 21 and the second radiator 22 are coupled-fed, and the second radiator 22 has an opening so that it does not directly contact the feed probe of the feed element 4. An annular groove is set around the feed probe of the feed element 4 of the first radiator 21 so that the first radiator 21 does not directly contact the feed probe of the feed element 4, thereby widening the bandwidth; both the first radiator 21 and the second radiator 22 of this antenna are coupled-fed, resulting in a wider bandwidth; and with a total of four feeds, the axial ratio is better. Compared with stacked four feeds, there are fewer feed points and fewer components used, thereby reducing the loss of antenna performance due to components.

[0041] The technical solutions of the present invention are not limited to the specific embodiments described above. Any technical modifications made in accordance with the technical solutions of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-cost air-type antenna, characterized in that, include: Antenna reflector; Antenna dielectric substrate; The first and second surfaces of the antenna dielectric substrate are respectively provided with a first radiating element and a second radiating element. The second surface is the side of the antenna dielectric substrate opposite to the antenna reflector. The first radiating element and the second radiating element generate a first resonant frequency and a second resonant frequency, respectively. The antenna dielectric substrate is provided with an opening. At least two metal pillars; the first end of each metal pillar is fixedly connected to the antenna reflector, and the second end of each metal pillar is connected to the second radiating element; Power supply components; The first end of the feeding component is fixedly connected to the antenna reflector, and the second end of the feeding component passes through the opening, so as to realize the common-feed coupling feeding of the first radiating element and the second radiating element; Each first radiating element includes N first radiating units and a first conductive region. The first conductive region surrounds all the first radiating units. Each first radiating unit includes a second conductive region and a first non-conductive region. The first non-conductive region surrounds the second conductive region. The feeding component includes N feeding components. The number of openings on the antenna dielectric board is N. One feeding component passes through one opening. N is a positive integer not less than 2. Each second radiating element includes N third conductive regions, a second non-conductive region, a fourth conductive region, and M coupling stubs. The second non-conductive regions surround all the third conductive regions, and the fourth conductive regions surround the second non-conductive regions. An opening is located in a third conductive region, and the coupling stubs are located outside the fourth conductive regions. The distance between the feed probe of the feed element and the inner wall of the opening is greater than zero, and M is a positive integer not less than 2. The low-cost air-type antenna also includes N short-circuit structures, which are used to realize the electrical connection between the first radiator and the second radiator.

2. The low-cost air-type antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first non-conductive region serves as an annular groove, and the power supply probe of the power supply component is located within the annular groove. The distance between the annular groove and the power supply probe is greater than zero.

3. The low-cost air-type antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, M coupling stubs are arranged in a circular array with the central axis of the antenna dielectric substrate as the center, and the second end of the metal pillar is connected to the coupling stub.

4. A low-cost air-type antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that, The contact points between the metal pillar and the coupling branch are all located at the center or edge of the coupling branch.

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