Frequency domain resources for harvesting energy and backscatter

Abstract

Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communications. In some aspects, a device may receive a first signal in a first set of frequency domain resources. The device may harvest energy using the first signal. The device may receive a second signal in a second set of frequency domain resources. The device may backscatter modulate data using the second signal. Numerous other aspects are described.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This patent application claims priority to U.S. Patent Application No. 18 / 187,916, filed on March 22, 2023, entitled “FREQUENCY DOMAIN RESOURCE FOR HARVESTING ENERGY AND BACKSCATTERING,” and assigned to the assignee of the present application. The disclosure of the prior application is considered a part of and incorporated by reference into this patent application. Technical Field

[0002] Aspects of the present disclosure relate generally to wireless communications, and to techniques and apparatus for utilizing frequency domain resources for harvesting energy and backscattering. Background Art

[0003] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide a variety of telecommunication services, such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcasts. Typical wireless communication systems employ multiple-access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmit power, etc.). Examples of such multiple-access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA), and long-term evolution (LTE). LTE / LTE-Advanced is a set of enhancements to the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) mobile standard promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0004] A wireless network may include one or more base stations that support communication for a user equipment (UE) or multiple UEs. A UE may communicate with a base station via downlink and uplink communications. "Downlink" (or "DL") refers to the communication link from a base station to a UE, and "uplink" (or "UL") refers to the communication link from a UE to a base station.

[0005] These multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunications standards to provide a common protocol that enables different UEs to communicate at a city, national, regional, and / or global level. New Radio (NR), also known as 5G, is a set of enhancements to the LTE mobile standard promulgated by 3GPP. NR is designed to better support mobile broadband internet access by improving spectral efficiency, reducing costs, improving services, leveraging new spectrum, and integrating better with other open standards using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with a cyclic prefix (CP) (CP-OFDM) on the downlink and CP-OFDM and / or single-carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM), also known as discrete Fourier transform-spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), on the uplink. Furthermore, it supports beamforming, multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, and carrier aggregation. As demand for mobile broadband access continues to increase, further improvements to LTE, NR, and other radio access technologies remain essential. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by a device. The method may include receiving a first signal in a first set of frequency domain resources. The method may include harvesting energy using the first signal. The method may include receiving a second signal in a second set of frequency domain resources. The method may include backscattering modulated data using the second signal.

[0007] Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by a device. The method may include transmitting a first signal in a first set of frequency domain resources. The method may include transmitting a second signal in a second set of frequency domain resources. The method may include receiving backscatter modulated data in the second set of frequency domain resources.

[0008] Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by a device. The method may include receiving an indication of a capability to collect energy and backscatter modulated data in different frequency domain resources. The method may include generating a configuration for collecting energy in a first set of frequency domain resources and backscattering modulated data in a second set of frequency domain resources based at least in part on the configuration. The method may include transmitting the configuration.

[0009] Some aspects described herein relate to a device for wireless communication. The device may include a memory and one or more processors coupled to the memory. The one or more processors may be configured to receive a first signal in a first set of frequency domain resources. The one or more processors may be configured to harvest energy using the first signal. The one or more processors may be configured to receive a second signal in a second set of frequency domain resources. The one or more processors may be configured to backscatter modulated data using the second signal.

[0010] Some aspects described herein relate to a device for wireless communication. The device may include a memory and one or more processors coupled to the memory. The one or more processors may be configured to transmit a first signal in a first set of frequency domain resources. The one or more processors may be configured to transmit a second signal in a second set of frequency domain resources. The one or more processors may be configured to receive backscatter modulated data in the second set of frequency domain resources.

[0011] Some aspects described herein relate to a device for wireless communication. The device may include a memory and one or more processors coupled to the memory. The one or more processors may be configured to receive an indication of a capability for collecting energy and backscattering modulated data in different frequency domain resources. The one or more processors may be configured to generate a configuration for collecting energy in a first set of frequency domain resources and backscattering modulated data in a second set of frequency domain resources based at least in part on the configuration. The one or more processors may be configured to transmit the configuration.

[0012] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication by a device. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the device, may cause the device to receive a first signal in a first set of frequency domain resources. The set of instructions, when executed by the one or more processors of the device, may cause the device to harvest energy using the first signal. The set of instructions, when executed by the one or more processors of the device, may cause the device to receive a second signal in a second set of frequency domain resources. The set of instructions, when executed by the one or more processors of the device, may cause the device to backscatter modulated data using the second signal.

[0013] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication by a device. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the device, may cause the device to transmit a first signal in a first set of frequency domain resources. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the device, may cause the device to transmit a second signal in a second set of frequency domain resources. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the device, may cause the device to receive backscatter modulated data in the second set of frequency domain resources.

[0014] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication by a device. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the device, may cause the device to receive an indication of a capability to collect energy and backscatter modulated data in different frequency domain resources. The set of instructions, when executed by the one or more processors of the device, may cause the device to generate a configuration for collecting energy in a first set of frequency domain resources and backscattering modulated data in a second set of frequency domain resources based at least in part on the configuration. The set of instructions, when executed by the one or more processors of the device, may cause the device to transmit the configuration.

[0015] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include means for receiving a first signal in a first set of frequency domain resources. The apparatus may include means for harvesting energy using the first signal. The apparatus may include means for receiving a second signal in a second set of frequency domain resources. The apparatus may include backscattering modulated data using the second signal.

[0016] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include means for transmitting a first signal in a first set of frequency domain resources. The apparatus may include means for transmitting a second signal in a second set of frequency domain resources. The apparatus may include means for receiving backscatter modulated data in the second set of frequency domain resources.

[0017] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include means for receiving an indication of a capability to collect energy and backscatter modulated data in different frequency domain resources. The apparatus may include means for generating a configuration for collecting energy in a first set of frequency domain resources and backscattering modulated data in a second set of frequency domain resources based at least in part on the configuration. The apparatus may include means for transmitting the configuration.

[0018] Aspects generally include methods, apparatus, systems, computer program products, non-transitory computer-readable media, user equipment, wireless devices, base stations, network entities, wireless communication devices, and / or processing systems as fully described herein with reference to and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings and description.

[0019] The features and technical advantages of the examples according to the present disclosure have been outlined quite broadly above so that the detailed description that follows may be better understood. Additional features and advantages will be described below. The concepts and specific examples disclosed may be readily used as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for achieving the same purposes of the present disclosure. Such equivalent constructions do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. The characteristics of the concepts disclosed herein, both in terms of their organization and method of operation, and the associated advantages will be better understood by considering the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Each of the figures in the accompanying drawings is provided for the purpose of illustration and description and not as a definition of limitations to the claims.

[0020] While various aspects are described in this disclosure through illustration of certain examples, those skilled in the art will appreciate that such aspects can be implemented in many different arrangements and scenarios. The techniques described herein can be implemented using different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, and / or packaging arrangements. For example, some aspects can be implemented via integrated chip implementations or other non-module-based devices (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communications devices, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail / shopping devices, medical devices, and / or artificial intelligence devices). Various aspects can be implemented in chip-level components, modular components, non-modular components, non-chip-level components, device-level components, and / or system-level components. Devices incorporating the described aspects and features may include additional components and features for implementing and practicing the claimed and described aspects. For example, the transmission and reception of wireless signals may include one or more components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antennas, radio frequency (RF) chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders, and / or summers). The various aspects described herein are intended to be practiced in a wide variety of devices, components, systems, distributed arrangements, and / or end-user devices of various sizes, shapes, and configurations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order that the above-described features of the present disclosure may be fully understood, a more particular description of the invention briefly summarized above may be obtained by reference to various aspects, some of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. It should be noted, however, that the drawings illustrate only certain typical aspects of the present disclosure and are not therefore to be considered limiting of its scope, as the description may admit to other equally effective aspects. The same reference numerals in different drawings may identify the same or similar elements.

[0022] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network according to the present disclosure.

[0023] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of network entities communicating with a user equipment (UE) in a wireless network according to the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a decomposed base station according to the present disclosure.

[0025] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of energy harvesting according to the present disclosure.

[0026] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of backscatter communication according to the present disclosure.

[0027] Figures 6A to 6C is a diagram illustrating an example of a passive beamforming scheme according to the present disclosure.

[0028] Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of using frequency domain resources for backscattering modulation data and collecting energy according to the present disclosure.

[0029] Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating an example process performed by, for example, a device according to the present disclosure.

[0030] Figure 9 is a diagram illustrating an example process performed by, for example, a device according to the present disclosure.

[0031] Figure 10 is a diagram illustrating an example process performed by, for example, a device according to the present disclosure.

[0032] Figure 11 is a diagram of an example apparatus for wireless communications according to the present disclosure.

[0033] Figure 12 is a diagram of an example apparatus for wireless communications according to the present disclosure.

[0034] Figure 13 is a diagram of an example apparatus for wireless communications according to the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] Wireless devices can harvest energy from sources other than on-device batteries. This can include obtaining energy from sources external to the device. Devices using energy harvesting may have small energy storage devices or batteries, or no energy storage devices or batteries (for example, zero-power devices, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, wearables, radio frequency identifier (RFID) tags, or financial devices). Energy harvesting can involve converting radio frequency (RF) energy delivered from another device.

[0036] Energy harvesting devices may rely on passive communication techniques, such as backscatter communication. Backscatter communication involves using RF signals to write or send data without a battery or power source. Wireless devices such as passive user equipment (UE) (e.g., ambient IoT devices, UEs without energy sources, RFID tags, backscatter devices) can harvest energy from the signal. Passive UEs can use passive reflection and modulation of the signal to use the harvested energy to transmit a backscatter signal. That is, the passive UE can modulate the signal to encode data and then reflect a portion of the wave to a reader or transmitter / reader. The backscatter signal can be encoded with information bits of the passive UE (e.g., identification information, sensor information). The reader can receive the backscatter signal and read the information bits.

[0037] Such passive reflective devices have been focused on lower frequency bands, but some energy harvesting may occur in higher frequency bands. Propagation in higher frequency bands may become challenging (due to higher isotope path loss), but there are potential benefits to supporting wireless energy transfer in higher frequency bands. One challenge for efficient energy transfer in higher frequency bands involves beamforming the device. Typical beamforming methods are ineffective because phased arrays consume too much power, and the device may not be able to perform typical beam management procedures.

[0038] Two passive beamforming schemes that can be used for backscatter in higher frequency bands include the Van-Atta architecture and the Rotman lens architecture. These architectures implement directional beamforming and can provide high-gain retroreflection / backscatter in higher frequency bands. However, efficient energy harvesting (using receive beamforming) can remain challenging. Without effective designs for backscattering and energy harvesting in higher frequency bands, passive devices can limit communications in higher frequency bands, wasting signaling resources and increasing latency.

[0039] According to various aspects described herein, a device may support backscattering in a first set of frequency domain resources and support energy harvesting in a second set of frequency domain resources. The set of frequency domain resources may include one or more frequency domain resources. The first set of frequency domain resources may not overlap with the second set of frequency domain resources or may partially overlap (not completely overlap) with the second set of frequency domain resources. The frequency domain resources may be separate frequency bands (or ranges) that overlap or do not overlap. For example, the device may perform backscattering in a higher frequency band and perform energy harvesting in a lower frequency band. The device may be configured for Van-Atta operation, Rotman lens operation, or operation using other reflective antenna array designs for higher frequency bands. By using different frequency resources for energy harvesting and backscattering, passive UEs may be more energy-efficient and reduce latency when higher frequency bands are involved.

[0040] Various aspects of the present disclosure are described more fully below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present disclosure can be embodied in many different forms and should not be interpreted as being limited to any specific structure or function presented throughout the present disclosure. On the contrary, these aspects are provided so that the present disclosure will be thorough and complete, and the scope of the present disclosure will be fully conveyed to those skilled in the art. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the scope of the present disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of the present disclosure disclosed herein, whether it is implemented independently or in combination with any other aspect of the present disclosure. For example, any number of aspects set forth herein may be used to implement a device or practice method. In addition, the scope of the present disclosure is intended to cover such devices or methods implemented using other structures, functionality, or structure and functionality in addition to or different from the various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein. It should be understood that any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of the present claims.

[0041] Several aspects of telecommunications systems will now be presented with reference to various devices and techniques. These devices and techniques are described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, or algorithms (collectively, "elements"). These elements can be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination thereof. Whether these elements are implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0042] Although various aspects may be described herein using terminology generally associated with 5G or New Radio (NR) radio access technology (RAT), various aspects of the present disclosure may be applicable to other RATs, such as 3G RATs, 4G RATs, and / or post-5G (e.g., 6G) RATs.

[0043] Figure 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network 100 according to the present disclosure. Wireless network 100 may be a 5G (e.g., NR) network and / or a 4G (e.g., Long Term Evolution (LTE)) network, or may include elements of a 5G (e.g., NR) network and / or elements of a 4G (e.g., Long Term Evolution (LTE)) network, etc. Wireless network 100 may include one or more network nodes 110 (illustrated as network node 110a, network node 110b, network node 110c, and network node 110d), one or more UEs 120 (illustrated as UE 120a, UE 120b, UE 120c, UE 120d, and UE 120e), and / or other entities. Network node 110 is a network node that communicates with UE 120. As shown in the figure, network node 110 may include one or more network nodes. For example, the network node 110 may be a converged network node, meaning that the converged network node is configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single radio access network (RAN) node (e.g., within a single device or unit). As another example, the network node 110 may be a disaggregated network node (sometimes referred to as a disaggregated base station), meaning that the network node 110 is configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed between two or more nodes (such as one or more central units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs)).

[0044] In some examples, network node 110 is or includes a network node (such as a RU) that communicates with UE 120 via a radio access link. In some examples, network node 110 is or includes a network node (such as a DU) that communicates with other network nodes 110 via a fronthaul link or a midhaul link. In some examples, network node 110 is or includes a network node (such as a CU) that communicates with other network nodes 110 via a midhaul link or with a core network via a backhaul link. In some examples, network node 110 (such as a converged network node 110 or a disaggregated network node 110) may include multiple network nodes, such as one or more RUs, one or more CUs, and / or one or more DUs. Network node 110 may include, for example, an NR base station, an LTE base station, a Node B, an eNB (e.g., in 4G), a gNB (e.g., in 5G), an access point, a transmit receive point (TRP), a DU, a RU, a CU, a mobility element of a network, a core network node, a network element, network equipment, a RAN node, or a combination thereof. In some examples, network nodes 110 may be interconnected to each other or to one or more other network nodes 110 in wireless network 100 via various types of fronthaul interfaces, midhaul interfaces, and / or backhaul interfaces (such as direct physical connections, air interfaces, or virtual networks) using any suitable transport network.

[0045] In some examples, network node 110 may provide communication coverage for a particular geographic area. In the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), the term "cell" may refer to the coverage area of ​​network node 110 and / or a network node subsystem serving that coverage area, depending on the context in which the term is used. Network node 110 may provide communication coverage for a macrocell, a picocell, a femtocell, and / or another type of cell. A macrocell may cover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs 120 with service subscriptions. A picocell may cover a relatively small geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UEs 120 with service subscriptions. A femtocell may cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a home) and may allow restricted access by UEs 120 associated with the femtocell (e.g., UEs 120 in a Closed Subscriber Group (CSG)). A network node 110 for a macrocell may be referred to as a macro network node. A network node 110 for a picocell may be referred to as a pico network node. The network node 110 for a femto cell may be referred to as a femto network node or a home network node. Figure 1 In the example shown, network node 110a may be a macro network node for macro cell 102a, network node 110b may be a pico network node for pico cell 102b, and network node 110c may be a femto network node for femto cell 102c. A network node may support one or more (e.g., three) cells. In some examples, the cells may not necessarily be stationary, and the geographic area of ​​the cells may move depending on the location of a mobile network node 110 (e.g., a mobile network node).

[0046] In some aspects, the term "base station" or "network node" may refer to a converged base station, a disaggregated base station, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay node, or one or more components thereof. For example, in some aspects, a "base station" or "network node" may refer to a CU, DU, RU, a near real-time (near-RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC), a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the term "base station" or "network node" may refer to a device configured to perform one or more functions, such as those described herein in conjunction with network node 110. In some aspects, the term "base station" or "network node" may refer to multiple devices configured to perform one or more functions. For example, in some distributed systems, each of multiple different devices (which may be located in the same or different geographic locations) may be configured to perform at least a portion of a function, or to perform at least a portion of the function repeatedly, and the term "base station" or "network node" may refer to any one or more of these different devices. In some aspects, the term "base station" or "network node" may refer to one or more virtual base stations or one or more virtual base station functions. For example, in some aspects, two or more base station functions may be instantiated on a single device. In some aspects, the term "base station" or "network node" may refer to one of the base station functions but not another base station function. In this way, a single device may include more than one base station.

[0047] Wireless network 100 may include one or more relay stations. A relay station is a network node that can receive transmissions of data from an upstream node (e.g., network node 110 or UE 120) and transmit transmissions of data to a downstream node (e.g., UE 120 or network node 110). A relay station may be a UE 120 that can relay transmissions for other UEs 120. Figure 1 In the example shown in , a network node 110 d (e.g., a relay network node) may communicate with a network node 110 a (e.g., a macro network node) and a UE 120 d to facilitate communications between the network node 110 a and the UE 120 d. A network node 110 that relays communications may be referred to as a relay station, a relay base station, a relay network node, a relay node, a relay, etc.

[0048] The wireless network 100 may be a heterogeneous network that includes different types of network nodes 110, such as macro network nodes, pico network nodes, femto network nodes, relay network nodes, etc. These different types of network nodes 110 may have different transmit power levels, different coverage areas, and / or different impacts on interference in the wireless network 100. For example, a macro network node may have a high transmit power level (e.g., 5 watts to 40 watts), while a pico network node, a femto network node, and a relay network node may have a lower transmit power level (e.g., 0.1 watt to 2 watts).

[0049] The network controller 130 may be coupled to or in communication with a set of network nodes 110 and may provide coordination and control for the network nodes 110. The network controller 130 may communicate with the network nodes 110 via a backhaul communication link or a midhaul communication link. The network nodes 110 may also communicate directly with each other or indirectly via a wireless backhaul communication link or a wired backhaul communication link. In some aspects, the network controller 130 may be or may include a CU or a core network device.

[0050] UEs 120 may be dispersed throughout wireless network 100, and each UE 120 may be stationary or mobile. UEs 120 may include, for example, access terminals, terminals, mobile stations, and / or subscriber units. UEs 120 may be cellular phones (e.g., smartphones), personal digital assistants (PDAs), wireless modems, wireless communication devices, handheld devices, laptop computers, cordless phones, wireless local loop (WLL) stations, tablet computers, cameras, gaming devices, netbooks, smartbooks, ultrabooks, medical devices, biometric devices, wearable devices (e.g., smart watches, smart clothing, smart glasses, smart wristbands, smart jewelry (e.g., smart rings or smart bracelets)), entertainment devices (e.g., music devices, video devices, and / or satellite radios), vehicle components or sensors, smart meters / sensors, industrial manufacturing equipment, global positioning system equipment, UE functionality of a network node, and / or any other suitable device configured to communicate via a wireless or wired medium.

[0051] Some UEs 120 may be considered machine-type communication (MTC) or evolved or enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC) UEs. MTC UEs and / or eMTC UEs may include, for example, robots, drones, remote devices, sensors, meters, monitors, and / or location tags, which may communicate with a network node, another device (e.g., a remote device), or some other entity. Some UEs 120 may be considered IoT devices and / or may be implemented as NB-IoT (Narrowband IoT) devices. Some UEs 120 may be considered customer premises equipment. UE 120 may be included within a housing that houses components of UE 120, such as a processor component and / or a memory component. In some examples, the processor component and the memory component may be coupled together. For example, the processor component (e.g., one or more processors) and the memory component (e.g., memory) may be operatively coupled, communicatively coupled, electronically coupled, and / or electrically coupled.

[0052] Generally speaking, any number of wireless networks 100 may be deployed in a given geographic area. Each wireless network 100 may support a specific RAT and may operate on one or more frequencies. A RAT may be referred to as a radio technology, air interface, etc. A frequency may be referred to as a carrier, frequency channel, etc. Each frequency may support a single RAT in a given geographic area to avoid interference between wireless networks of different RATs. In some cases, NR or 5G RAT networks may be deployed.

[0053] In some examples, two or more UEs 120 (e.g., shown as UE 120a and UE 120e) can communicate directly (e.g., without using network node 110 as an intermediary to communicate with each other) using one or more sidelink channels. For example, UE 120 can communicate using peer-to-peer (P2P) communication, device-to-device (D2D) communication, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) protocols (e.g., which may include vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) protocols, vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) protocols, or vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) protocols), and / or mesh networks. In such examples, UE 120 can perform scheduling operations, resource selection operations, and / or other operations described elsewhere herein as being performed by network node 110.

[0054] Devices in wireless network 100 can communicate using the electromagnetic spectrum, which can be subdivided into various categories, bands, channels, etc., based on frequency or wavelength. For example, devices in wireless network 100 can communicate using one or more operating frequency bands. In 5G NR, two initial operating frequency bands have been identified as frequency ranges designated FR1 (410 MHz to 7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz). It should be understood that, although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often (and interchangeably) referred to as the "sub-6 GHz" band in various documents and articles. A similar naming issue sometimes arises with FR2, which is often (and interchangeably) referred to as the "millimeter wave" band in documents and articles, despite being distinct from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz to 300 GHz), which is designated as a "millimeter wave" band by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).

[0055] Frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as mid-band frequencies. Recent 5G NR research has identified the operating band for these mid-band frequencies as frequency range designation FR3 (7.125 GHz to 24.25 GHz). Frequency bands falling within FR3 can inherit FR1 characteristics and / or FR2 characteristics, effectively extending the features of FR1 and / or FR2 to mid-band frequencies. Furthermore, higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operation beyond 52.6 GHz. For example, three higher operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz to 71 GHz), FR4 (52.6 GHz to 114.25 GHz), and FR5 (114.25 GHz to 300 GHz). Each of these higher frequency bands falls within the EHF band.

[0056] Considering the above examples, unless otherwise specifically stated, it should be understood that if the term "sub-6 GHz" or the like is used herein, the term can be broadly construed to mean frequencies that may be below 6 GHz, may be within FR1, or may include mid-band frequencies. Additionally, unless otherwise specifically stated, it should be understood that if the term "millimeter wave" or the like is used herein, the term can be broadly construed to mean frequencies that may be below 6 GHz, may be within FR1, or may include mid-band frequencies, may be within FR2, FR4, FR4-a, FR4-1, and / or FR5, or may be within the EHF band. It is contemplated that the frequencies included in these operating bands (e.g., FR1, FR2, FR3, FR4, FR4-a, FR4-1, and / or FR5) may be modified, and the techniques described herein are applicable to those modified frequency ranges.

[0057] In some aspects, a device (e.g., UE 120, network node 110) may include a communication manager 140 or 150. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 140 or 150 may receive a first signal in a first set of frequency domain resources and use the first signal to harvest energy. The communication manager 140 or 150 may receive a second signal in a second set of frequency domain resources and use the second signal to backscatter modulated data.

[0058] In some aspects, the communication manager 140 or 150 may transmit a signal in a first set of frequency domain resources and a second signal in a second set of frequency domain resources. The communication manager 140 or 150 may receive backscatter modulated data in the second set of frequency domain resources.

[0059] In some aspects, the communications manager 140 or 150 may receive an indication of capabilities for collecting energy and backscattering modulated data in different frequency-domain resources. The communications manager 140 or 150 may generate a configuration for collecting energy in a first set of frequency-domain resources and backscattering modulated data in a second set of frequency-domain resources based at least in part on the configuration. The communications manager 140 or 150 may transmit the configuration. Additionally or alternatively, the communications manager 140 or 150 may perform one or more other operations described herein.

[0060] As indicated above, Figure 1 are provided as examples. Other examples can be found in the Figure 1 The examples described are different.

[0061] Figure 2 2 is a diagram illustrating an example 200 of communication between a network entity (e.g., network node 110) and a UE 120 in a wireless network 100 according to the present disclosure. The network node 110 may be equipped with a set of antennas 234a through 234t, such as T antennas (T ≥ 1). The UE 120 may be equipped with a set of antennas 252a through 252r, such as R antennas (R ≥ 1).

[0062] At network node 110, transmit processor 220 may receive data intended for UE 120 (or a group of UEs 120) from data source 212. Transmit processor 220 may select one or more modulation and coding schemes (MCSs) for UE 120 based at least in part on one or more channel quality indicators (CQIs) received from UE 120. Network node 110 may process (e.g., encode and modulate) the data for UE 120 based at least in part on the MCS selected for UE 120 and may provide data symbols for UE 120. Transmit processor 220 may process system information (e.g., for semi-static resource allocation information (SRPI)) and control information (e.g., CQI requests, grants, and / or upper layer signaling) and provide overhead symbols and control symbols. Transmit processor 220 may generate reference symbols for reference signals (e.g., cell-specific reference signals (CRS) or demodulation reference signals (DMRS)) and synchronization signals (e.g., primary synchronization signals (PSS) or secondary synchronization signals (SSS)). The transmit (TX) multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) processor 230 may perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on ​​data symbols, control symbols, overhead symbols, and / or reference symbols, as applicable, and may provide a set of output symbol streams (e.g., T output symbol streams) to a corresponding set of modems 232 (e.g., T modems) (shown as modems 232a through 232t). For example, each output symbol stream may be provided to a modulator component (shown as MOD) of the modem 232. Each modem 232 may process a corresponding output symbol stream (e.g., for OFDM) using a corresponding modulator component to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem 232 may further process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and / or frequency upconvert) the output sample stream using a corresponding modulator component to obtain a downlink signal. Modems 232a through 232t may transmit a set of downlink signals (e.g., T downlink signals) via a corresponding set of antennas 234 (e.g., T antennas) (shown as antennas 234a through 234t).

[0063] At the UE 120, a set of antennas 252 (shown as antennas 252a through 252r) may receive downlink signals from the network node 110 and / or other base stations 110 and may provide a set of received signals (e.g., R received signals) to a set of modems 254 (e.g., R modems) (shown as modems 254a through 254r). For example, each received signal may be provided to a demodulator component (shown as DEMOD) of the modem 254. Each modem 254 may use a corresponding demodulator component to condition (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert, and / or digitize) the received signal to obtain input samples. Each modem 254 may use the demodulator component to further process the input samples (e.g., for OFDM) to obtain received symbols. A MIMO detector 256 may obtain received symbols from the modem 254, perform MIMO detection on the received symbols where applicable, and provide detected symbols. The receive processor 258 may process (e.g., demodulate and decode) the detected symbols, may provide decoded data for the UE 120 to a data sink 260, and may provide decoded control information and system information to a controller / processor 280. The term "controller / processor" may refer to one or more controllers, one or more processors, or a combination thereof. The channel processor may determine, among other things, a reference signal received power (RSRP) parameter, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) parameter, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) parameter, and / or a CQI parameter. In some examples, one or more components of the UE 120 may be included in a housing 284.

[0064] The network controller 130 may include a communication unit 294, a controller / processor 290, and a memory 292. The network controller 130 may include, for example, one or more devices in a core network. The network controller 130 may communicate with network entities via the communication unit 294.

[0065] One or more antennas (e.g., antennas 234a to 234t and / or antennas 252a to 252r) may include or be included within one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more groups of antenna elements, and / or one or more antenna arrays, etc. An antenna panel, antenna group, group of antenna elements, and / or antenna array may include one or more antenna elements (within a single housing or multiple housings), a group of coplanar antenna elements, a group of non-coplanar antenna elements, and / or be coupled to one or more transmit and / or receive components (such as, Figure 2 One or more antenna elements of one or more components in.

[0066] On the uplink, at the UE 120, a transmit processor 264 may receive and process data from a data source 262 and control information from a controller / processor 280 (e.g., for reports including RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, and / or CQI). The transmit processor 264 may generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals. The symbols from the transmit processor 264 may be pre-decoded by a TX MIMO processor 266, where applicable, further processed by a modem 254 (e.g., for DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM), and transmitted to a network entity. In some examples, the modem 254 of the UE 120 may include a modulator and a demodulator. In some examples, the UE 120 includes a transceiver. The transceiver may include any combination of an antenna 252, a modem 254, a MIMO detector 256, a receive processor 258, a transmit processor 264, and / or a TX MIMO processor 266. The transceiver may be used by a processor (e.g., the controller / processor 280) and a memory 282 to perform operations described herein (e.g., with reference to FIG. 2 ). Figures 4 to 13 ) any aspects of any of the methods described in .

[0067] At a network entity (e.g., network entity 110), uplink signals from UE 120 and / or other UEs may be received by antenna 234, processed by modem 232 (e.g., a demodulator component of modem 232, shown as DEMOD), detected by MIMO detector 236 (if applicable), and further processed by receive processor 238 to obtain decoded data and control information transmitted by UE 120. Receive processor 238 may provide the decoded data to a data sink 239 and the decoded control information to controller / processor 240. The network entity may include a communication unit 244 and may communicate with network controller 130 via communication unit 244. The network entity may include a scheduler 246 to schedule one or more UEs 120 for downlink and / or uplink communications. In some examples, the network entity's modem 232 may include a modulator and a demodulator. In some examples, the network entity may include a transceiver. The transceiver may include any combination of antenna 234, modem 232, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, transmit processor 220, and / or TX MIMO processor 230. The transceiver may be used by a processor (e.g., controller / processor 240) and memory 242 to execute the instructions herein (e.g., reference 242). Figures 4 to 13 ) any aspects of any of the methods described in .

[0068] A controller / processor of a network entity (eg, controller / processor 240 of network node 110), controller / processor 280 of UE 120, and / or Figure 2 Any other components of the may perform one or more techniques associated with using frequency domain resources for energy harvesting and backscattering, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. In some aspects, the apparatus described herein is a UE 120, is included in a UE 120, or includes Figure 2 One or more components of the UE 120 shown. In some aspects, the apparatus described herein is a network entity, included in a network entity, or includes Figure 2 One or more components of the network node 110 are shown. For example, the controller / processor 240 of the network node 110, the controller / processor 280 of the UE 120, and / or Figure 2 Any other component that can execute or guide e.g. Figure 8 The process of 800 Figure 9 The process of 900 Figure 10 1000 and / or other processes as described herein. Memory 242 and memory 282 may store data and program codes for a network entity and UE 120, respectively. In some examples, memory 242 and / or memory 282 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions (e.g., code and / or program code) for wireless communication. For example, the one or more instructions, when executed (e.g., directly or after compilation, conversion, and / or interpretation) by one or more processors of a network entity and / or UE 120, may cause the one or more processors, UE 120, and / or the network entity to perform or direct, for example, Figure 8 The process of 800 Figure 9 The process of 900 Figure 10 The operations of process 1000 and / or other processes as described herein. In some examples, executing instructions may include running instructions, converting instructions, compiling instructions, and / or interpreting instructions, among others.

[0069] In some aspects, a device (e.g., UE 120) includes: means for receiving a first signal in a first set of frequency domain resources; means for harvesting energy using the first signal; means for receiving a second signal in a second set of frequency domain resources; and / or backscattering modulated data using the second signal. In some aspects, means for the device to perform the operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of the communications manager 140, antenna 252, modem 254, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, controller / processor 280, or memory 282.

[0070] In some aspects, a device (e.g., UE 120, network node 110) includes: means for transmitting a first signal in a first set of frequency domain resources; means for transmitting a second signal in a second set of frequency domain resources; and / or means for receiving backscatter modulated data in the second set of frequency domain resources. In some aspects, means for the device to perform the operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of the communication manager 150, the transmit processor 220, the TX MIMO processor 230, the modem 232, the antenna 234, the MIMO detector 236, the receive processor 238, the controller / processor 240, the memory 242, or the scheduler 246. In some aspects, means for the device to perform the operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of the communication manager 140, the antenna 252, the modem 254, the MIMO detector 256, the receive processor 258, the transmit processor 264, the TX MIMO processor 266, the controller / processor 280, or the memory 282.

[0071] In some aspects, a device (e.g., UE 120, network node 110) includes: means for receiving an indication of a capability to collect energy and backscatter modulated data in different frequency domain resources; means for generating a configuration for collecting energy in a first set of frequency domain resources and backscattering modulated data in a second set of frequency domain resources based at least in part on the configuration; and / or means for transmitting the configuration. In some aspects, means for the device to perform the operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of the communication manager 150, the transmit processor 220, the TX MIMO processor 230, the modem 232, the antenna 234, the MIMO detector 236, the receive processor 238, the controller / processor 240, the memory 242, or the scheduler 246. In some aspects, means for a device to perform the operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of the communication manager 140, antenna 252, modem 254, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, controller / processor 280, or memory 282.

[0072] Although Figure 2 The blocks in FIG. 2 are illustrated as distinct components, but the functionality described above with respect to these blocks may be implemented in a single hardware, software, or combined component or in various combinations of components. For example, the functionality described with respect to the transmit processor 264, the receive processor 258, and / or the TX MIMO processor 266 may be performed by or under the control of the controller / processor 280.

[0073] As indicated above, Figure 2 are provided as examples. Other examples can be found in the Figure 2 The examples described are different.

[0074] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a decomposed base station 300 according to the present disclosure.

[0075] The deployment of a communication system, such as a 5G NR system, can be arranged in a variety of ways using various components or parts. In a 5G NR system or network, a network node, a network entity, a mobility element of the network, a radio access network (RAN) node, a core network node, a network element, or network equipment (such as a base station (BS)), or one or more units (or one or more components) performing base station functions can be implemented in a converged or disaggregated architecture. For example, a base station (such as a node B (NB), an evolved NB (eNB), a NR base station, a 5G NB, an access point (AP), a Transmission Control Point (TRP), or a cell) can be implemented as a converged base station (also known as a standalone base station or a monolithic base station) or a disaggregated base station.

[0076] A converged base station can be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node. A decomposed base station can be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed across two or more units, such as one or more CUs, one or more DUs, or one or more RUs. In some aspects, a CU can be implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DUs can be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, can be geographically or virtually distributed across one or more other RAN nodes. A DU can be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of the CU, DU, and RU can also be implemented as a virtual unit, namely a virtual centralized unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU).

[0077] Base station type operation or network design can take into account the aggregated nature of base station functionality. For example, a disaggregated base station can be utilized in an IAB network, an open radio access network (O-RAN (such as the network configuration initiated by the O-RAN Alliance)), or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN, also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN)). Disaggregation can include distributing functionality across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as virtually distributing the functionality of at least one unit, which can enable flexibility in network design. The various units of a disaggregated base station or disaggregated RAN architecture can be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit.

[0078] The decomposed base station 300 architecture may include one or more CUs 310, which may communicate directly with the core network 320 via a backhaul link or indirectly through one or more decomposed base station units (such as a near real-time (near-RT) RIC 325 via an E2 link, a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC 315 associated with the service management and orchestration (SMO) framework 305, or both). The CU 310 may communicate with one or more DUs 330 via corresponding midhaul links, such as the F1 interface. The DU 330 may communicate with one or more RUs 340 via corresponding fronthaul links. Fronthaul links, midhaul links, and backhaul links may generally be referred to as "communication links." The RU 340 may communicate with a corresponding UE 120 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some aspects, a UE 120 may be served simultaneously by multiple RUs 340. The DU 330 and the RU 340 may also be referred to as an "O-RAN DU (O-DU)" and an "O-RAN RU (O-RU)", respectively. A network entity may include a CU, a DU, a RU, or any combination of CUs, DUs, and RUs. A network entity may include a decomposed base station or one or more components of a decomposed base station, such as a CU, DU, RU, or any combination of CUs, DUs, and RUs. A network entity may also include one or more of the following: a TRP, a relay station, a passive device, an intelligent reflective surface (IRS), or other components that can provide a network interface or service for a UE, mobile station, sensor / actuator, or other wireless device.

[0079] Each of the units (i.e., CU 310, DU 330, RU 340, as well as near-RT RIC 325, non-RT RIC 315, and SMO framework 305) may include, or be coupled to, one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units, or an associated processor or controller providing instructions to the communication interface of these units, may be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via the transmission medium. For example, these units may include a wired interface configured to receive signals or transmit signals to one or more of the other units via the wired transmission medium. Additionally, these units may include a wireless interface, which may include a receiver, transmitter, or transceiver (such as a radio frequency (RF) transceiver) configured to receive signals or transmit signals to one or more of the other units via the wireless transmission medium, or both.

[0080] In some aspects, the CU 310 may host one or more higher-layer control functions. Such control functions may include radio resource control (RRC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), etc. Each control function may be implemented using an interface configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by the CU 310. The CU 310 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (i.e., central unit-user plane (CU-UP)), control plane functionality (i.e., central unit-control plane (CU-CP)), or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the CU 310 may be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. When implemented in an O-RAN configuration, the CU-UP units may communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP units via an interface (such as an E1 interface). As needed, the CU 310 may be implemented to communicate with the DU 330 for network control and signaling.

[0081] The DU 330 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions for controlling the operation of one or more RUs 340. In some aspects, the DU 330 may host one or more of the following, at least in part according to a functional split (such as that defined by 3GPP): a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more higher physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, etc.). In some aspects, the DU 330 may also host one or more lower PHY layers. Each layer (or module) may be implemented using an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 330 or with control functions hosted by the CU 310.

[0082] Lower layer functionality may be implemented by one or more RUs 340. In some deployments, a RU 340 controlled by a DU 330 may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functionality or low-PHY layer functionality (such as performing fast Fourier transforms (FFTs), inverse FFTs (iFFTs), digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering), or both, based at least in part on a functional split (such as a lower layer functional split). In such an architecture, the RU 340 may be implemented to handle over-the-air (OTA) communications with one or more UEs 120. In some implementations, both real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communications with the RU 340 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 330. In some scenarios, this configuration may enable the implementation of the DU 330 and CU 310 in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.

[0083] The SMO framework 305 can be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of both non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 305 can be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which can be managed via an operations and maintenance interface (such as the O1 interface). For virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 305 can be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as Open Cloud (O-Cloud) 390) to perform network element lifecycle management (such as instantiating virtualized network elements) via cloud computing platform interfaces (such as the O2 interface). Such virtualized network elements may include, but are not limited to, the CU 310, DU 330, RU 340, and near-RT RIC 325. In some implementations, the SMO framework 305 can communicate with hardware aspects of the 4G RAN (such as the Open eNB (O-eNB) 311) via the O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO framework 305 can communicate directly with one or more RUs 340 via the O1 interface. The SMO framework 305 may also include a non-RT RIC 315 configured to support the functionality of the SMO framework 305 .

[0084] The non-RT RIC 315 can be configured to include logic that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updating, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the near-RT RIC 325. The non-RT RIC 315 can be coupled to or in communication with the near-RT RIC 325 (e.g., via an A1 interface). The near-RT RIC 325 can be configured to include logic that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources through data collection and actions via an interface (e.g., via an E2 interface) that connects one or more CUs 310, one or more DUs 330, or both, and the O-eNB with the near-RT RIC 325.

[0085] In some implementations, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the near-RT RIC 325, the non-RT RIC 315 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from an external server. Such information may be utilized by the near-RT RIC 325 and may be received from non-network data sources or from network functions at the SMO framework 305 or the non-RT RIC 315. In some examples, the non-RT RIC 315 or the near-RT RIC 325 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC 315 may monitor long-term trends and patterns in performance and employ AI / ML models to execute corrective actions through the SMO framework 305 (such as via reconfiguration of O1) or by creating RAN management policies (such as A1 policies).

[0086] As indicated above, Figure 3 are provided as examples. Other examples can be found in the Figure 3 The examples described are different.

[0087] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating an example 400 of energy harvesting according to the present disclosure.

[0088] Energy harvesting includes devices that obtain energy from sources other than batteries on the device. This can include obtaining energy from sources external to the device. Devices using energy harvesting may have small energy storage devices or batteries (e.g., smart watches, RedCap devices, eRedCap devices) or no energy storage devices or batteries (e.g., zero-power devices, IoT devices, wearable devices, or financial devices). Energy harvesting may include converting RF energy passed from another device. The harvesting of RF energy may not fully charge the battery, but can be used for tasks such as data decoding, operating some filters, data reception, data encoding, data reception, and / or data transmission. Energy can accumulate over time. Energy harvesting can also be part of a self-sustaining network, where nodes in the network can interact in the network by sending harvested energy in the network.

[0089] like Figure 4 As shown, an RF receiver (e.g., UE 120) can receive signals (e.g., radio signals carried on radio waves) from an RF transmitter (e.g., network node 110 or UE 120) and convert the electromagnetic energy of these signals into direct current (e.g., using a rectenna including a dipole antenna with an RF diode) for use by the RF receiver. The RF receiver can be a low-power device or a zero-power device. The RF transmitter can be referred to as a "charging device."

[0090] As shown at reference numeral 405, in some aspects, the RF receiver may utilize a split receiver architecture, wherein a first set of antennas is configured to harvest energy (e.g., using energy harvester 406) and a second set of antennas is configured to receive data (e.g., using information receiver 408). In this scenario, each set of antennas may be individually configured to receive signals at certain times, frequencies, and / or via one or more specific beams, such that all signals received by the first set of antennas are harvested to obtain energy, and all signals received by the second set of antennas are processed to receive information.

[0091] As shown in reference numeral 410, in some aspects, the RF receiver may utilize a time-switched architecture (e.g., utilizing a time switch 412) to harvest energy. The time-switched architecture may utilize one or more antennas to receive signals, and whether these signals are harvested for energy or processed to receive information depends on the time at which the signals are received. For example, one or more first time slots may be time slots during which received signals are transmitted to one or more energy harvesting components 406 for energy harvesting, and one or more second time slots may be time slots during which received signals are processed and decoded by one or more information receivers 408 to receive information. In some aspects, the time slots may be preconfigured (e.g., by the RF receiver, RF transmitter, or another device).

[0092] As shown in the reference numeral 415, in some aspects, the RF receiver can use a power distribution architecture (e.g., using a power divider 416) to harvest energy. The power distribution architecture can use one or more antennas to receive signals, and these signals are processed by one or both of the energy harvesting component and / or the information receiving component according to an energy harvesting rate. For example, the RF receiver can be configured to use a first portion of the received signal for energy harvesting and use the remaining received signal for information reception. The energy harvesting mode for the device can be semi-statistically configured through RRC messaging. In some aspects, the energy harvesting rate can be pre-configured (e.g., by the RF receiver, RF transmitter, or another device). Even in energy harvesting mode, communication with a network entity may be required, but with reduced radio power to reduce power consumption.

[0093] The RF receiver may receive a signal for energy harvesting at certain resources (e.g., time, frequency, and / or space) and at a power level that results in a specific charging rate. The energy harvested by the RF receiver may be used and / or stored for later use. For example, in some aspects, the RF receiver may be powered directly by the harvested energy. In some aspects, the RF receiver may use an energy storage device (such as a battery, capacitor, and / or supercapacitor) to aggregate and store the harvested energy for immediate and / or later use.

[0094] Energy harvesting devices may have a low-power or wake-up radio that is configured to detect a low-power wake-up signal (WUS) but not perform other communications. Energy harvesting devices may have a primary radio that is configured to perform communications and consumes more power than the low-power or wake-up radio. Energy harvesting devices may have limited RF capabilities (less than an enhanced UE) or full RF capabilities (comparable to an enhanced UE).

[0095] More generally, energy harvesting devices may rely equally or differently on different energy harvesting techniques, such as solar, vibration, thermal, or RF energy harvesting. Because energy is intermittently available, energy harvesting can be predictable or unpredictable. Current communications use a fixed activity cycle for transmission and reception, such as the on-duration of an active discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle. An active DRX cycle may include a portion of a DRX cycle when the DRX on-duration timer (the time during which the UE is monitoring the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) for communications) or the DRX inactivity timer (the time during which the UE is active after successfully decoding a PDCCH communication) is running. Once started, a timer may run until it is stopped or until it expires; otherwise, it does not run. A timer may be started if it is not running, or restarted if it is running. A timer may be started or restarted from its initial value.

[0096] As indicated above, Figure 4 are provided as examples. Other examples can be found in the Figure 4 The examples described are different.

[0097] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating an example 500 of backscatter communications according to the present disclosure.

[0098] Energy harvesting (EH) devices may include A-IoT devices (e.g., RFID tags) that rely on passive communication techniques such as backscatter communication. A-IoT devices may also be referred to as "ambient IoT," "passive UE," "ambient backscatter devices," or "backscatter devices." Backscatter communication involves using RF signals to write or send data without a battery or power source. The transmitter / reader 502 may be a device that sends a continuous wave (CW) signal (denoted as A continuous wave (CW) signal is generated by an RF source (e.g., a radio wave) and can be received by multiple devices (such as reader 504). A wireless device (such as a passive UE 506) (e.g., an ambient IoT device, a passive UE, a UE 120 without an energy source, or a backscatter device) can harvest energy (e.g., tens or hundreds of microwatts) from this signal. The passive UE 506 can passively reflect and modulate the signal to use the harvested energy to transmit a backscatter signal. That is, the passive UE 506 can modulate the signal to encode data and then reflect a portion of the wave to the reader 504 or transmitter / reader 502. The backscatter signal can be encoded with information bits (e.g., identification information, sensor information) of the passive UE 506. The reader 504 can receive the backscatter signal and read the information bits. In some scenarios, the passive UE 506 may use information commands (eg, write, send) or bits (eg, data, configuration, indication) modulated in received data or control signals to write commands or bits to the passive UE 506 itself.

[0099] In example 500, D1 is used for transmitter / reader 502, D2 is used for reader 504, and T is used for passive UE 506 for the transmitted signal h. As shown by reference numeral 508, a CW signal may be generated by A modulation method for backscattering includes amplitude shift keying (ASK), which turns on reflection when transmitting an information bit "1" and turns off reflection when transmitting an information bit "0". Reference numeral 510 shows the information bit of the backscattering device, which is represented by If the backscatter device's information bit is , then the signal received at the reader 504 may be , as shown by reference numeral 512. When , the reflection is turned off at the passive UE 506 so that the reader 504 receives only the direct link signal ( ).when When , the reflection is turned on at the passive UE 506, so that the reader 504 receives the superposition of the direct link signal and the backscatter, which is expressed as ,in Represents the reflection coefficient.

[0100] To receive the information bits sent by the passive UE 506, the reader 504 may first , by treating the backscatter link signal as interference Then, the reader 504 can decode Subtract To detect items existence.

[0101] There is a tradeoff between the energy harvested at the passive UE 506 and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) received at the reader (e.g., reader 504). The energy harvested at the passive UE 506 is a function of the first channel (the forward link (FL)) between the transmitter / reader 502 and the passive UE 506, and the SNR at the reader 504 is a function of both the first channel and the second channel (the backscatter link (BL)) between the passive UE 506 and the reader 504. Due to the difference between the first and second channels and energy harvester nonlinearities, the optimal transmit waveform design for SNR is different from the optimal transmit waveform design for maximizing energy.

[0102] While RFID has been focused on lower frequency bands (below 6 GHz), some energy harvesting can occur in higher frequency bands. Propagation in higher frequency bands can become challenging (due to greater isotope path loss), but there are potential benefits to supporting wireless energy transfer in higher frequency bands. Significant amounts of available and underutilized bandwidth are likely. These benefits may also include higher data rates, lower interference due to beamforming and focusing, improved backscatter link budget for the same aperture size of the tag device, better localization using angular information, and / or better antenna isolation at full-duplex readers (for single-station backscatter).

[0103] One challenge for efficient energy transfer in higher frequency bands involves beamforming devices (e.g., tags). These devices can be passive or semi-passive, with very low cost, complexity, and energy consumption. Therefore, typical beamforming approaches are ineffective because the phased array consumes too much power, and the device may not be able to perform typical beam management procedures involving baseband processing of received beam reference signals, sending measurement reports, and / or sending uplink reference signals.

[0104] As indicated above, Figure 5 are provided as examples. Other examples can be found in the Figure 5 The examples described are different.

[0105] Figures 6A to 6C is a diagram illustrating an example of a passive beamforming scheme according to the present disclosure.

[0106] Two passive beamforming schemes (for back reflection) have been proposed for backscattering in higher frequency bands, including the Van-Atta structure and the Rotman lens structure. Figure 6AExample 600 in shows an example of a Van-Atta architecture for a reflectarray antenna. A Van-Atta retroreflector array may include elements interconnected to reradiate received energy in the direction of arrival. The elements may be connected symmetrically with lines of equal length. A Van-Atta retroreflector array may reflect signals over a wider angle than a typical reflective device. A Van-Atta retroreflector array may be a self-phasing antenna array. A Van-Atta retroreflector array may include an antenna array in which pairs of corner reflectors or other elements equidistant from the center of the array are connected together by low-loss transmission lines in such a way that the received signal is reflected back to its source in a narrow beam to provide signal enhancement without amplification. Examples of the Van-Atta architecture in Example 600 include mmTag, a millimeter wave retroreflective tag (millimetro) assembled from off-the-shelf parts, and a millimetro as part of an integrated printed circuit board (PCB).

[0107] Figure 6B Example 602 in Figure 1 illustrates passive beam alignment using a Van-Atta architecture. A Van-Atta architecture may include a uniform linear antenna array. A received signal may be transmitted back in the same direction by inverting its phase. For example, the received signal may have a phase represented as -jnπsin(θ). As shown in example 602, the sign of the transmitted signal may be inverted to +jnπsin(θ).

[0108] Figure 6A Example 604 in Figure 6 shows an example of a Rotman lens architecture that can be used to receive and reflect in multiple directions without physically moving the antenna system. The Rotman lens antenna system can use individually activatable millimeter-wave switches to form a beam in one of multiple directions. Based on the distance of the switch from each of multiple antenna arrays (eight arrays in Example 604), the switch in a specific position can form a beam in a specific direction. The Rotman lens antenna system can include an antenna array wrapped around an object (such as a cylindrical object) to help increase the possible beamforming directions.

[0109] Figure 6C Example 606 in Figure 6 shows how a switch at a beam port (e.g., beam port 5) can form a beam in a specific direction due to the distance from the beam port through the Rotman lens (lens cavity) to the antenna elements of the antenna array. The switch port can be used for a beam direction to receive signals through the lens cavity. In other words, a switch at a specific beam port can be associated with a specific beam direction for both reception and transmission in reverse operation.

[0110] Although Figures 6A to 6CArchitectures in the field offer the promise of high-gain backscatter / reflection in higher frequency bands, but efficient energy harvesting (using receive beamforming) remains challenging. Van-Atta architectures may not support receive beamforming and reception, and Rotman lens architectures can be used for energy harvesting. However, without effective designs for backscattering and energy harvesting in higher frequency bands, passive devices may limit communication in higher frequency bands, wasting signaling resources (e.g., higher bandwidth) and increasing latency.

[0111] According to various aspects described herein, a device may support backscattering in a first set of frequency domain resources and support energy harvesting in a second set of frequency domain resources. The set of frequency domain resources may include one or more frequency domain resources. The sets of frequency domain resources may not overlap or may partially overlap. For example, the first set of frequency domain resources may include a frequency band (or range) that is separate from the frequency band (or range) in the second set of frequency domain resources. For example, the device may perform backscattering in a higher frequency band (such as FR2) and perform energy harvesting in a lower frequency band (such as FR1). While FR1 and FR2 are provided as examples, other frequency ranges may also be used. The frequency domain resources may include frequency ranges with different center frequencies. The device may be configured for Van-Atta operation, Rotman lens operation, or operation using other reflective antenna array designs for higher frequency bands.

[0112] As indicated above, Figures 6A to 6C Some examples are provided. Other examples can be found in the Figures 6A to 6C The examples described are different.

[0113] Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating an example 700 of using frequency domain resources for backscattering modulated data and harvesting energy according to the present disclosure. Example 700 shows an RF source 710 (e.g., network node 110, UE 120, transmitting device), a passive UE (e.g., A-IoT UE, RFID tag, unpowered UE 120), and a reader 730 (e.g., UE 120, network node 110, receiving device) that can communicate with each other in a wireless network (e.g., wireless network 100). Passive UE 720 can also communicate with another device, such as a network entity 740 (e.g., network node 110). Network entity 740 can also act as an RF source and / or reader. In some aspects, the other device can also be a UE.

[0114] In example 700, signals may be transmitted or received in a first frequency band 742, a second frequency band 744, and / or a third frequency band 746. The frequency bands may overlap or be the same, but in example 700, the frequency bands do not overlap, and frequency band 742 is higher in frequency than frequency band 744. Frequency band 746 may be the same as, higher in frequency, or lower in frequency than the other frequency bands.

[0115] Example 700 illustrates a passive UE 720 that can utilize a first frequency domain resource (e.g., a higher frequency band) for backscattering, which is higher in frequency than a second frequency domain resource (e.g., a lower frequency band) used to harvest energy. The first frequency domain resource can be part of a first set of frequency domain resources, and the second frequency domain resource can be part of a second set of frequency domain resources. Backscattering can include using a received signal to generate modulated data (e.g., coded data).

[0116] As shown by reference numeral 745, the RF source 710 may transmit a first signal in a first frequency domain resource (e.g., a first frequency band 742) and a second signal in a second frequency domain resource (e.g., a second frequency band 744). The RF source 710 may transmit the first signal and the second signal in the same time slot or at the same time. Alternatively, the RF source 710 may transmit the first signal and the second signal in different time slots, such as as part of a time division multiplexing (TDM) schedule.

[0117] As shown by reference numeral 750, the passive UE 720 may use the first signal to harvest energy. As shown by reference numeral 755, the passive UE 720 may use the second signal to backscatter modulated data. The passive UE 720 may send the backscatter modulated data in the same frequency domain resource in which the second signal was received. For example, the passive UE 720 may receive the second signal in frequency band 744 and backscatter modulated data in frequency band 744. The passive UE 720 may also backscatter modulated data in a third set of frequency domain resources. In some aspects, the passive UE 720 may be configured for Van-Atta architecture operation. In some aspects, the passive UE 720 may be configured for Rotman lens operation.

[0118] In some aspects, the passive UE 720 can collect energy and backscatter modulated data in the same time slot. In some aspects, the passive UE 720 can collect energy and backscatter modulated data in different time slots. Backscatter and energy harvesting by the passive UE 720 can be considered dependent backscatter and energy harvesting. That is, dependent operation can involve a combination of frequency bands for communication and energy harvesting, rather than just a higher frequency band.

[0119] In some aspects, as indicated by reference numeral 760, the passive UE 720 may transmit information to or receive information from a third device, such as the network entity 740. In some aspects, this information may indicate the passive UE 720's ability to collect energy and backscatter data in different frequency domain resources. This capability may indicate the amount of backscatter gain the device can support in a given frequency band, the operating frequency band, backscatter characteristics (e.g., angular range, associated gain), and / or the supported modulation scheme or MCS (and associated gain). For ASK modulation, the backscatter gain (e.g., radar cross section (RCS)) may be based at least in part on the modulation scheme or implementation. The passive UE 720 may transmit this information in separate frequency domain resources, such as frequency band 746. In some aspects, the passive UE 720 may transmit information in the same frequency band as uplink communications. The passive UE 720 may transmit information using backscatter of a waveform transmitted from the network entity 740. The passive UE 720 may transmit information in frequency band 744. In some aspects, the passive UE 720 may transmit information in the frequency band 742 for energy harvesting.

[0120] In some aspects, the information received by the passive UE 720 may include configuration information. For example, the passive UE 720 may transmit a configuration for dual-mode operation (backscatter and energy harvesting) based at least in part on the capability. The configuration may be based at least in part on traffic conditions, quality of service (QoS) requirements, and / or channel conditions. The configuration may be based at least in part on the energy state of the passive UE 720. For example, the passive UE 720 may indicate its energy state (which may be the amount of stored energy) and energy harvesting information (e.g., energy harvesting rate). The configuration may be based at least in part on network energy consumption.

[0121] In some aspects, the information from the passive UE 720 may include a request for a configuration. The request may be based at least in part on the capabilities of the passive UE 720 for dual-mode operation, traffic conditions, QoS requirements, channel conditions, and / or an energy state of the passive UE 720. The passive UE 720 may indicate its energy state, traffic conditions, QoS requirements, or other information based at least in part on the selected configuration.

[0122] In some aspects, the passive UE 720 may belong to a type or category of device. The type or category of device may be associated with specific capabilities and / or other characteristics or parameters. The passive UE 720 may indicate its device type or category, and the network entity 740 may determine a configuration for the passive UE 720 based at least in part on the indicated device type or category.

[0123] By using two frequency domain resources (one for energy harvesting and one for backscattering), passive UEs can utilize higher frequency bandwidth to save signaling resources, save power and reduce latency.

[0124] As indicated above, Figure 7 are provided as examples. Other examples can be found in the Figure 7 The examples described are different.

[0125] Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating an example process 800, eg, performed by a device, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 800 is an example in which a device (eg, UE 120, passive UE 720) performs operations associated with using frequency domain resources for energy harvesting and backscattering.

[0126] like Figure 8 As shown, in some aspects, process 800 may include receiving a first signal in a first frequency domain resource (block 810). For example, a device (e.g., using Figure 11 The receiving component 1102 and / or the communication manager 1106 depicted in can receive the first signal in the first frequency-domain resources, as described above.

[0127] like Figure 8 As further shown, in some aspects, process 800 may include harvesting energy using the first signal (block 820). For example, a device (e.g., using Figure 11 The communication manager 1106 and receiving component 1102 depicted in FIG. 10A can use the first signal to harvest energy, as described above.

[0128] like Figure 8 As further shown, in some aspects, process 800 may include receiving a second signal in a second set of frequency-domain resources (block 830). For example, the device (e.g., using receiving component 1102 and / or communication manager 1106 as depicted in diagram 1106) may receive the second signal in the second set of frequency-domain resources, as described above.

[0129] like Figure 8 As further shown, in some aspects, process 800 may include backscattering modulated data using a second signal (block 840). For example, a device (e.g., using Figure 11 The communications manager 1106, receiving component 1102, and transmitting component 1104 depicted in FIG. 1 may backscatter modulated data using the second signal, as described above.

[0130] Process 800 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in conjunction with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

[0131] In a first aspect, the backscatter modulated data includes backscatter modulated data in the second set of frequency domain resources or in the third set of frequency domain resources.

[0132] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, the first set of frequency domain resources is a first frequency band, and the second set of frequency domain resources is a second frequency band.

[0133] In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the first set of frequency domain resources is centered around a first center frequency, and the second set of frequency domain resources is centered around a second center frequency.

[0134] In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to third aspects, process 800 includes sending information to or receiving information from a network entity using backscatter in a first set of frequency domain resources.

[0135] In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fourth aspects, process 800 includes receiving information from a network entity in a second set of frequency domain resources.

[0136] In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fifth aspects, process 800 includes receiving information from a network entity in a third frequency domain resource.

[0137] In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to sixth aspects, the apparatus is configured for Van Atta architecture operation.

[0138] In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to seventh aspects, the apparatus is configured for Rotman lens operation.

[0139] In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighth aspects, collecting energy and backscatter modulation data occurs in the same time slot.

[0140] In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, collecting energy and backscatter modulation data occur in different time slots.

[0141] In an eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through tenth aspects, process 800 includes sending an indication of a capability for acquiring energy and backscatter modulation data in different frequency domain resources.

[0142] In a twelfth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of aspects one to eleven, the capability indicates one or more of the amount of backscatter gain, operating band, backscatter characteristics, or supported modulation schemes that the device is capable of supporting in a given frequency band.

[0143] In a thirteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of aspects one to twelfth, process 800 includes sending a request for configuration of capabilities for collecting energy and backscatter modulated data in different frequency domain resources based at least in part on one or more of an energy state or a traffic condition of the device.

[0144] although Figure 8 Example blocks of process 800 are shown, but in some aspects, process 800 may include Figure 8 The blocks depicted may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or blocks arranged in a different manner than those depicted. Additionally or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 800 may be performed in parallel.

[0145] Figure 9 is a diagram illustrating an example process 900, for example, performed by a device, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 900 is one in which a device (eg, UE 120, network entity 110, RF source 710) performs operations associated with utilizing frequency domain resources specific to backscatter.

[0146] like Figure 9 As shown, in some aspects, process 900 may include transmitting a first signal in a first set of frequency domain resources (block 910). For example, a device (e.g., using Figure 12 The transmitting component 1204 and / or the communication manager 1206 depicted in FIG. 12 may transmit the first signal in the first set of frequency-domain resources, as described above.

[0147] like Figure 9 As further shown, in some aspects, process 900 may include transmitting a second signal in a second set of frequency domain resources (block 920). For example, a device (e.g., using Figure 12 The transmitting component 1204 and / or the communication manager 1206 depicted in can transmit the second signal in the second set of frequency-domain resources, as described above.

[0148] like Figure 9 As further shown, in some aspects, process 900 may include receiving backscatter modulated data in a second set of frequency domain resources (block 930). For example, a device (e.g., using Figure 12 The receiving component 1202 and / or the communication manager 1206 depicted in FIG. 12 may receive backscatter modulated data in the second set of frequency-domain resources, as described above.

[0149] Process 900 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in conjunction with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

[0150] In a first aspect, the first set of frequency domain resources is a first frequency band, and the second set of frequency domain resources is a second frequency band higher than the first frequency band.

[0151] although Figure 9 Example blocks of process 900 are shown, but in some aspects, process 900 may include Figure 9 The blocks depicted may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or blocks arranged in a different manner than those depicted. Additionally or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 900 may be performed in parallel.

[0152] Figure 10 1 is a diagram illustrating an example process 1000, for example, performed by a device, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 1000 is an example in which a device (e.g., UE 120, network node 110, network entity 740) performs operations associated with configuring a passive UE to use frequency domain resources for energy harvesting and backscattering.

[0153] like Figure 10 As shown, in some aspects, process 1000 may include receiving an indication of a capability for acquiring energy and backscatter modulation data in different frequency domain resources (block 1010). For example, a device (e.g., using Figure 13 The receiving component 1302 and / or the communication manager 1306 depicted in FIG. 1304 can receive an indication of capabilities for collecting energy and backscatter modulated data in different frequency domain resources, as described above.

[0154] like Figure 10 As further shown, in some aspects, process 1000 may include generating a configuration for harvesting energy in a first set of frequency domain resources and backscattering modulated data in a second set of frequency domain resources based at least in part on the configuration (block 1020). For example, a device (e.g., using Figure 13 The communications manager 1306 depicted in may generate a configuration for harvesting energy in a first set of frequency domain resources and backscattering modulated data in a second set of frequency domain resources based at least in part on the configuration, as described above.

[0155] like Figure 10 As further shown, in some aspects, process 1000 may include sending the configuration (block 1030). For example, a device (e.g., using Figure 13 The sending component 1304 and / or the communication manager 1306 depicted in can send the configuration, as described above.

[0156] Process 1000 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in conjunction with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

[0157] In a first aspect, the capability indicates one or more of an amount of backscatter gain, an operating band, backscatter characteristics, or supported modulation schemes that the device can support in a given frequency band.

[0158] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, process 1000 includes receiving a request for a configuration of a capability for acquiring energy and backscatter modulated data in different frequency domain resources, and generating the configuration includes generating the configuration based at least in part on the capability.

[0159] In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the capability indicates a type or category of the backscatter device, and generating the configuration includes generating the configuration based at least in part on the type or category of the backscatter device.

[0160] although Figure 10 Example blocks of process 1000 are shown, but in some aspects, process 1000 may include Figure 10 The blocks depicted may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or blocks arranged in a different manner than those depicted. Additionally or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 1000 may be performed in parallel.

[0161] Figure 11 1 is a diagram of an example apparatus 1100 for wireless communication according to the present disclosure. Apparatus 1100 may be a device (e.g., UE 120, passive UE 720), or a device may include apparatus 1100. In some aspects, apparatus 1100 includes a receiving component 1102, a sending component 1104, and / or a communication manager 1106, which may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses and / or one or more other components). In some aspects, communication manager 1106 is in conjunction with Figure 1 The depicted communication manager 140. As shown, the device 1100 can utilize a receiving component 1102 and a sending component 1104 to communicate with another device 1108, such as a UE or a network node such as a CU, DU, RU, or base station.

[0162] In some aspects, the apparatus 1100 may be configured to perform Figures 1 to 7 Additionally or alternatively, the apparatus 1100 may be configured to perform one or more of the processes described herein, such as Figure 8In some aspects, the apparatus 1100 and / or Figure 11 One or more of the components shown may include a combination of Figure 2 Additionally or alternatively, one or more components of the described apparatus. Figure 11 One or more of the components shown may be combined Figure 2 Additionally or alternatively, one or more components in a set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in a memory. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code that are stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and can be executed by a controller or processor to perform the function or operation of the component.

[0163] The receiving component 1102 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from the device 1108. The receiving component 1102 may provide the received communications to one or more other components of the device 1100. In some aspects, the receiving component 1102 may perform signal processing (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, demapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, etc.) on the received communications and may provide the processed signals to one or more other components of the device 1100. In some aspects, the receiving component 1102 may include in conjunction with Figure 2 One or more antennas, modems, demodulators, MIMO detectors, receive processors, controllers / processors, memories, or combinations thereof, of the described initiating device.

[0164] The transmitting component 1104 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the device 1108. In some aspects, one or more other components of the device 1100 may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmitting component 1104 for transmission to the device 1108. In some aspects, the transmitting component 1104 may perform signal processing (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, etc.) on the generated communications and may transmit the processed signals to the device 1108. In some aspects, the transmitting component 1104 may include a combination of Figure 2 One or more antennas, modems, modulators, transmit MIMO processors, transmit processors, controllers / processors, memories, or combinations thereof of the described second device. In some aspects, the transmit component 1104 can be co-located with the receive component 1102 in a transceiver.

[0165] The communications manager 1106 can support the operation of the receiving component 1102 and / or the sending component 1104. For example, the communications manager 1106 can receive information associated with configuring the receipt of communications by the receiving component 1102 and / or the sending of communications by the sending component 1104. Additionally or alternatively, the communications manager 1106 can generate and / or provide control information to the receiving component 1102 and / or the sending component 1104 to control the receipt and / or sending of communications.

[0166] Receiving component 1102 may receive a first signal in a first set of frequency domain resources. Communications manager 1106 may use the first signal to harvest energy. Receiving component 1102 may receive a second signal in a second set of frequency domain resources. Communications manager 1106 may use the second signal to backscatter modulated data.

[0167] The transmitting component 1104 can transmit information to or receive information from a network entity using backscatter in a first set of frequency domain resources. The receiving component 1102 can receive information from the network entity in a second set of frequency domain resources. The receiving component 1102 can receive information from the network entity in a third frequency domain resource.

[0168] The transmitting component 1104 can transmit an indication of a capability for collecting energy and backscatter modulated data in different frequency domain resources. The transmitting component 1104 can transmit a request for configuration of the capability for collecting energy and backscatter modulated data in different frequency domain resources based at least in part on one or more of an energy state or a traffic condition of the device.

[0169] Figure 11 The number and arrangement of components shown are provided as examples. In practice, there may be Figure 11 The components shown may include additional components, fewer components, different components, or components arranged in a different manner than those shown. Figure 11 Two or more components shown may be implemented in a single component, or Figure 11 The single component shown may be implemented as multiple distributed components. Additionally or alternatively, Figure 11 The illustrated set (one or more) of components executable is described as being comprised of Figure 11 Another group of components is shown performing one or more functions.

[0170] Figure 121 is a diagram of an example apparatus 1200 for wireless communication according to the present disclosure. Apparatus 1200 may be a device (e.g., UE 120, network node 110, RF source 710), or a device may include apparatus 1200. In some aspects, apparatus 1200 includes a receiving component 1202, a transmitting component 1204, and / or a communication manager 1206, which may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses and / or one or more other components). In some aspects, communication manager 1206 is incorporated into Figure 1 The described communication manager 140 or 150. As shown, the device 1200 can communicate with another device 1208, such as a UE or a network node (such as a CU, DU, RU, or base station), using a receiving component 1202 and a sending component 1204.

[0171] In some aspects, the apparatus 1200 may be configured to perform Figures 1 to 7 Additionally or alternatively, the apparatus 1200 may be configured to perform one or more of the processes described herein, such as Figure 9 In some aspects, the apparatus 1200 and / or Figure 12 One or more of the components shown may include a combination of Figure 2 Additionally or alternatively, one or more components of the described apparatus. Figure 12 One or more of the components shown may be combined Figure 2 Additionally or alternatively, one or more components in a set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in a memory. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code that are stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and can be executed by a controller or processor to perform the function or operation of the component.

[0172] The receiving component 1202 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from the device 1208. The receiving component 1202 may provide the received communications to one or more other components of the device 1200. In some aspects, the receiving component 1202 may perform signal processing (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, demapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, etc.) on the received communications and may provide the processed signals to one or more other components of the device 1200. In some aspects, the receiving component 1202 may include in conjunction with Figure 2 One or more antennas, modems, demodulators, MIMO detectors, receive processors, controllers / processors, memories, or combinations thereof, of the described initiating device.

[0173] The transmitting component 1204 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the device 1208. In some aspects, one or more other components of the device 1200 may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmitting component 1204 for transmission to the device 1208. In some aspects, the transmitting component 1204 may perform signal processing (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, etc.) on the generated communications and may transmit the processed signals to the device 1208. In some aspects, the transmitting component 1204 may include a combination of Figure 2 One or more antennas, modems, modulators, transmit MIMO processors, transmit processors, controllers / processors, memories, or combinations thereof of the described second device. In some aspects, the transmit component 1204 can be co-located with the receive component 1202 in a transceiver.

[0174] The communications manager 1206 can support the operation of the receiving component 1202 and / or the sending component 1204. For example, the communications manager 1206 can receive information associated with configuring the receipt of communications by the receiving component 1202 and / or the sending of communications by the sending component 1204. Additionally or alternatively, the communications manager 1206 can generate and / or provide control information to the receiving component 1202 and / or the sending component 1204 to control the receipt and / or sending of communications.

[0175] The transmitting component 1204 may transmit a first signal in a first set of frequency domain resources. The transmitting component 1204 may transmit a second signal in a second set of frequency domain resources. The receiving component 1202 may receive backscatter modulated data in the second set of frequency domain resources.

[0176] Figure 12 The number and arrangement of components shown are provided as examples. In practice, there may be Figure 12 The components shown may include additional components, fewer components, different components, or components arranged in a different manner than those shown. Figure 12 Two or more components shown may be implemented in a single component, or Figure 12 The single component shown may be implemented as multiple distributed components. Additionally or alternatively, Figure 12 The illustrated set (one or more) of components executable is described as being comprised of Figure 12 Another group of components is shown performing one or more functions.

[0177] Figure 131 is a diagram of an example apparatus 1300 for wireless communication according to the present disclosure. Apparatus 1300 may be a network entity (e.g., network node 110, network entity 740) or a UE (e.g., UE 120), or the network entity or UE may include apparatus 1300. In some aspects, apparatus 1300 includes a receiving component 1302, a sending component 1304, and / or a communication manager 1306, which may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses and / or one or more other components). In some aspects, communication manager 1306 is in conjunction with Figure 1 The described communication manager 140 or 150. As shown, the device 1300 can communicate with another device 1308, such as a UE or a network node (such as a CU, DU, RU, or base station), using a receiving component 1302 and a sending component 1304.

[0178] In some aspects, the apparatus 1300 may be configured to perform Figures 1 to 7 Additionally or alternatively, the apparatus 1300 may be configured to perform one or more of the processes described herein, such as Figure 10 The process 1000. In some aspects, Figure 13 The device 1300 and / or one or more components shown may include a combination of Figure 2 One or more components of the described network entity. Additionally or alternatively, Figure 13 One or more of the components shown may be combined Figure 2 Additionally or alternatively, one or more components in a set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in a memory. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code that are stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and can be executed by a controller or processor to perform the function or operation of the component.

[0179] Receive component 1302 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from device 1308. Receive component 1302 may provide the received communications to one or more other components of device 1300. In some aspects, receive component 1302 may perform signal processing (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, demapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, etc.) on the received communications and may provide the processed signals to one or more other components of device 1300. In some aspects, receive component 1302 may include processing in conjunction with Figure 2 One or more antennas, modems, demodulators, MIMO detectors, receive processors, controllers / processors, memories, or combinations thereof of the described network entities.

[0180] The transmitting component 1304 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the apparatus 1308. In some aspects, one or more other components of the apparatus 1300 may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmitting component 1304 for transmission to the apparatus 1308. In some aspects, the transmitting component 1304 may perform signal processing (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, etc.) on the generated communications and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus 1308. In some aspects, the transmitting component 1304 may include a combination of Figure 2 One or more antennas, modems, modulators, transmit MIMO processors, transmit processors, controllers / processors, memories, or combinations thereof of the described network entities. In some aspects, the transmitting component 1304 can be co-located with the receiving component 1302 in a transceiver.

[0181] The communications manager 1306 can support the operation of the receiving component 1302 and / or the sending component 1304. For example, the communications manager 1306 can receive information associated with configuring the receipt of communications by the receiving component 1302 and / or the sending of communications by the sending component 1304. Additionally or alternatively, the communications manager 1306 can generate and / or provide control information to the receiving component 1302 and / or the sending component 1304 to control the receipt and / or sending of communications.

[0182] Receiving component 1102 can receive an indication of a capability for collecting energy and backscattering modulated data in different frequency domain resources. Communications manager 1106 can generate a configuration for collecting energy in a first set of frequency domain resources and backscattering modulated data in a second set of frequency domain resources based at least in part on the configuration. Transmitting component 1104 can transmit the configuration.

[0183] Receiving component 1102 can receive a request for a configuration of capabilities for acquiring energy and backscatter modulated data in different frequency domain resources, and communications manager 1106 can generate the configuration based at least in part on the capabilities.

[0184] Figure 13 The number and arrangement of components shown are provided as examples. In practice, there may be Figure 13 The components shown may include additional components, fewer components, different components, or components arranged in a different manner than those shown. Figure 13 Two or more components shown may be implemented in a single component, or Figure 13 The single component shown may be implemented as multiple distributed components. Additionally or alternatively, Figure 13 The illustrated set (one or more) of components executable is described as being comprised of Figure 13 Another group of components is shown performing one or more functions.

[0185] The following provides an overview of some aspects of the disclosure:

[0186] Aspect 1: A method of wireless communication performed by a device, the method comprising: receiving a first signal in a first set of frequency domain resources; using the first signal to collect energy; receiving a second signal in a second set of frequency domain resources; and using the second signal to backscatter modulated data.

[0187] Aspect 2: The method according to aspect 1, wherein backscattering the modulated data comprises backscattering the modulated data in the second set of frequency domain resources or in the third set of frequency domain resources.

[0188] Aspect 3: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 2, wherein the first set of frequency domain resources is a first frequency band, and the second set of frequency domain resources is a second frequency band.

[0189] Aspect 4: The method according to aspect 3, wherein the first set of frequency domain resources is centered on a first center frequency, and the second set of frequency domain resources is centered on a second center frequency.

[0190] Aspect 5: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 4, further comprising using backscattering in the first set of frequency domain resources to send information to a network entity or receive information from a network entity.

[0191] Aspect 6: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 5, further comprising receiving information from a network entity in the second set of frequency domain resources.

[0192] Aspect 7: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 6, further comprising receiving information from a network entity in a third frequency domain resource.

[0193] Aspect 8: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 7, wherein the device is configured for Van Atta architecture operation.

[0194] Aspect 9: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 8, wherein the apparatus is configured for Rotman lens operation.

[0195] Aspect 10: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 9, wherein the collecting energy and the backscattering modulated data occur in the same time slot.

[0196] Aspect 11: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 10, wherein the collecting energy and the backscattering modulation data occur in different time slots.

[0197] Aspect 12: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 11, further comprising sending an indication of a capability for collecting energy and backscatter modulation data in different frequency domain resources.

[0198] Aspect 13: The method of aspect 12, wherein the capability indicates one or more of an amount of backscatter gain, an operating band, backscatter characteristics, or a supported modulation scheme that the device can support in a given frequency band.

[0199] Aspect 14: According to the method described in any one of Aspects 1 to 13, the method also includes sending a request for configuration of the ability to collect energy and backscatter modulated data in different frequency domain resources based at least in part on one or more of the energy state or traffic conditions of the device.

[0200] Aspect 15: A method of wireless communication performed by a device, the method comprising: sending a first signal in a first set of frequency domain resources; sending a second signal in a second set of frequency domain resources; and receiving backscatter modulated data in the second set of frequency domain resources.

[0201] Aspect 16: The method according to aspect 15, wherein the first set of frequency domain resources is a first frequency band, and the second set of frequency domain resources is a second frequency band higher than the first frequency band.

[0202] Aspect 17: A wireless communication method performed by a device, the method comprising: receiving an indication of a capability for collecting energy and backscattering modulated data in different frequency domain resources; generating a configuration for collecting energy in a first set of frequency domain resources and for backscattering modulated data in a second set of frequency domain resources based at least in part on the configuration; and sending the configuration.

[0203] Aspect 18: The method of aspect 17, wherein the capability indicates one or more of an amount of backscatter gain, an operating band, backscatter characteristics, or a supported modulation scheme that the device can support in a given frequency band.

[0204] Aspect 19: A method according to any one of Aspects 17 to 18, the method further comprising receiving a request for a configuration of capabilities for collecting energy and backscatter modulated data in different frequency domain resources, and wherein generating the configuration comprises generating the configuration based at least in part on the capabilities.

[0205] Aspect 20: The method of any one of aspects 17 to 19, wherein the capability indicates a type or category of a backscatter device, and wherein generating the configuration comprises generating the configuration based at least in part on the type or category of the backscatter device.

[0206] Aspect 21: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform one or more of the methods described in aspects 1 to 20.

[0207] Aspect 22: A device for wireless communication, the device comprising: a memory; and one or more processors, the one or more processors coupled to the memory, the one or more processors configured to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 20.

[0208] Aspect 23: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising at least one component for performing the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 20.

[0209] Aspect 24: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 20.

[0210] Aspect 25: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing an instruction set for wireless communication, the instruction set comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform one or more of the methods described in aspects 1 to 20.

[0211] While the foregoing disclosure provides illustration and description, it is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the precise forms disclosed. Modifications and variations are possible in light of the above disclosure or may be acquired from practice of the various aspects.

[0212] As used herein, the term "component" is intended to be broadly interpreted as a combination of hardware and / or hardware and software. Whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language or other names, "software" should be broadly interpreted as meaning instructions, instruction sets, codes, code segments, program codes, programs, subroutines, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, processes and / or functions, etc. As used herein, a "processor" is implemented in a combination of hardware and / or hardware and software. It will be apparent that the systems and / or methods described herein can be implemented by a combination of different forms of hardware and / or hardware and software. The actual dedicated control hardware or software code used to implement these systems and / or methods does not limit various aspects. Therefore, no reference is made herein to specific software code to describe the operation and behavior of the systems and / or methods, as those skilled in the art will appreciate that software and hardware can be designed to implement the systems and / or methods based at least in part on the description herein.

[0213] As used herein, "satisfying a threshold" may mean that a value is greater than a threshold, greater than or equal to a threshold, less than a threshold, less than or equal to a threshold, equal to a threshold, not equal to a threshold, etc., depending on the context.

[0214] Although specific combinations of features are recited in the claims and / or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not intended to limit the disclosure of the various aspects. Many of these features may be combined in ways not specifically recited in the claims and / or disclosed in the specification. The disclosure of the various aspects includes each dependent claim in conjunction with every other claim in the claim set. As used herein, a phrase referring to “at least one of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items (including a single member). By way of example, “at least one of a, b, or c” is intended to encompass a, b, c, a+b, a+c, b+c, and a+b+c, as well as any combination of multiples of the same element (e.g., a+a, a+a+a, a+a+b, a+a+c, a+b+b, a+c+c, b+b, b+b+b, b+b+c, c+c, and c+c+c, or any other ordering of a, b, and c).

[0215] Any element, action or instruction used herein should not be interpreted as key or necessary unless explicitly described as such. In addition, as used herein, the articles "a" and "a kind of" are intended to include one or more projects and can be used interchangeably with "one or more". In addition, as used herein, the article "said" is intended to include one or more projects connected with the article "said" and can be used interchangeably with "one or more". In addition, as used herein, the terms "group" and "cluster" are intended to include one or more projects and can be used interchangeably with "one or more". If only one project is intended to be referred to, the phrase "only one" or similar terms will be used. In addition, as used herein, the terms "have", "have", "have" etc. are intended to be open terms that do not limit the elements they modify (for example, an element "having" A may also have B). In addition, the phrase "based on" is intended to represent "at least partially based on", unless otherwise explicitly stated. Furthermore, as used herein, the term "or" when used in a series is intended to be open-ended and used interchangeably with "and / or" unless explicitly stated otherwise (e.g., if used in conjunction with "either" or "only one of").

Claims

1. A device for wireless communication, the device comprising: Memory; and one or more processors coupled to the memory and configured to: receiving a first signal in a first set of frequency-domain resources; harvesting energy using the first signal; receiving a second signal in a second set of frequency-domain resources; and The second signal is used to backscatter modulated data. 2 . The device of claim 1 , wherein to backscatter the modulated data, the one or more processors are configured to backscatter the modulated data in the second set of frequency domain resources or in a third set of frequency domain resources. 3 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first set of frequency-domain resources comprises a first frequency band, and the second set of frequency-domain resources comprises a second frequency band. 4 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first set of frequency domain resources is centered around a first center frequency, and the second set of frequency domain resources is centered around a second center frequency.

5. The device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are configured to send information to or receive information from a network entity using backscatter in the first set of frequency-domain resources. 6 . The device of claim 1 , wherein the one or more processors are configured to receive information from a network entity in the second set of frequency-domain resources.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are configured to receive information from a network entity in a third set of frequency-domain resources.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is configured for Van Atta architecture operation.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is configured for Rotman lens operation.

10. The device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are configured to acquire energy and backscatter modulation data in the same time slot.

11. The device of claim 1 , wherein the one or more processors are configured to acquire energy and backscatter modulation data in different time slots.

12. The device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are configured to send an indication of a capability for acquiring energy and backscatter modulation data in different frequency domain resources.

13. The device of claim 12, wherein the capability indicates one or more of an amount of backscatter gain, an operating band, backscatter characteristics, or a supported modulation scheme that the device can support in a given frequency band.

14. The device of claim 1 , wherein the one or more processors are configured to send a request for configuration of capabilities for acquiring energy and backscatter modulated data in different frequency domain resources based at least in part on one or more of an energy state or a traffic condition of the device.

15. A device for wireless communication, the device comprising: Memory; and one or more processors coupled to the memory and configured to: Sending a first signal in a first set of frequency domain resources; sending a second signal in a second set of frequency-domain resources; as well as Backscatter modulated data is received in the second set of frequency domain resources. 16 . The apparatus of claim 15 , wherein the first set of frequency domain resources is a first frequency band, and the second set of frequency domain resources is a second frequency band higher than the first frequency band.

17. A device for wireless communication, the device comprising: Memory; and one or more processors coupled to the memory and configured to: receiving an indication of a capability for collecting energy and backscatter modulation data in different frequency domain resources; generating a configuration for harvesting energy in a first set of frequency-domain resources and for backscattering modulated data in a second set of frequency-domain resources based at least in part on the configuration; and Send the configuration.

18. The device of claim 17, wherein the capability indicates one or more of an amount of backscatter gain, an operating band, backscatter characteristics, or a supported modulation scheme that the device can support in a given frequency band.

19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the one or more processors are configured to receive a request for a configuration of capabilities for acquiring energy and backscatter modulated data in different frequency domain resources, and wherein to generate the configuration, the one or more processors are configured to generate the configuration based at least in part on the capabilities.

20. The device of claim 17, wherein the capability indicates a type or category of a backscatter device, and wherein to generate the configuration, the one or more processors are configured to generate the configuration based at least in part on the type or category of the backscatter device.

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