Floating wave energy device

Abstract

The present application relates to wave power generation technology field, especially to a kind of floating wave energy power generation device, including energy capture system, power generation system and steering system;Wave energy-gathering fairing gathers wave and forms upward accelerating water flow and extrudes air by inverting horn-shaped structure at wave crest, forms orderly ascending airflow, cooperates with the air energy-gathering fairing of upside-down conical top, forms upward accelerating airflow;Form downward water flow at wave trough, while generating local negative pressure in the device, cooperate with the air energy-gathering fairing of top, form orderly downward airflow;First caisson type airflow / water flow generator utilizes bidirectional airflow or water flow to drive power generation, second caisson type airflow / water flow generator is driven by bidirectional airflow to generate power in the other side airflow passage;The yaw bearing of steering system and fan blade jointly drive second generator conduit to deflect with wind direction to optimize airflow direction, accelerate airflow or water flow. The device can realize the efficient conversion of wave energy and stable power output.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of wave power generation, in particular to a floating wave energy power generation device. BACKGROUND

[0002] The existing floating wave energy power generation device has long been faced with efficiency and reliability bottlenecks due to design defects of the core energy conversion chain. The main problems are as follows: the energy capture link relies on a single-direction fixed water inlet and a straight cylinder air chamber structure, resulting in low multi-directional wave energy capture rate; at the same time, the inlet / outlet air direction is fixed, and when the external wind direction changes, it often forms a reverse air pressure to hinder the air flow channel, further weakening the energy conversion efficiency. The traditional device lacks a dynamic steering mechanism, and the fixed air flow duct cannot avoid wind direction interference, resulting in large annual power generation loss in seasonal strong wind sea areas. In addition, the existing device either uses water flow to drive the generator to rotate or uses air flow to drive the generator to rotate, and the energy utilization rate is insufficient. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a new floating wave energy power generation device to improve these status quo. SUMMARY

[0003] In order to solve or at least partially solve the above technical problems, the embodiments of the present application provide a floating wave energy power generation device.

[0004] The present application provides a floating wave energy power generation device, comprising an energy capture system, a power generation system and a steering system;

[0005] The energy capture system comprises a wave energy gathering fairing and an air energy gathering fairing. The wave energy gathering fairing is an inverted horn-shaped arc structure, with a wide lower end opening placed underwater and a narrow upper end opening placed on water, for gathering waves to form upward accelerating water flow at wave crest, while extruding air in the wave energy gathering fairing cavity, and forming downward water flow at wave trough, while generating negative pressure air; the air energy gathering fairing is an inverted cone structure, connected above the wave energy gathering fairing, for further extruding and accelerating the upward air flow generated by the wave energy gathering fairing at wave crest;

[0006] The power generation system comprises a first sinking well type air / water flow generator and a second sinking well type air / water flow generator. The first sinking well type air / water flow generator is placed in the air flow channel between the wave energy gathering fairing and the air energy gathering fairing, for driving rotation to generate power by bidirectional air flow at low wave height, and driving rotation to generate power by bidirectional water flow at high wave height. The second sinking well type air / water flow generator is placed in the air flow channel on the other side of the air energy gathering fairing, for driving rotation to generate power by bidirectional air flow or water flow;

[0007] The turning system comprises a yaw bearing and a wind blade, the yaw bearing connects the air energy concentrator outlet with the second caisson type airflow / water flow generator conduit, and the wind blade is arranged at the end of the second caisson type airflow / water flow generator to drive the second caisson type airflow / water flow generator and the opening direction of the conduit to deflect with the wind direction to optimize the airflow channel direction.

[0008] Optionally, the system further comprises a floating body system.

[0009] The floating body system comprises an anchor chain and a float, the float provides buoyancy and serves as a mounting platform, and the anchor chain connects the seabed with the float in a three-dimensional anchoring manner to limit the movement of the floating wave energy power generation device in six degrees of freedom.

[0010] Optionally, the system further comprises a stabilizing system.

[0011] The stabilizing system comprises a heave plate, a support plate, and an inertial flow guiding module, the heave plate is arranged around the lower end opening edge of the wave energy concentrator, the support plate connects the outer wall of the float with the heave plate to limit the heave movement of the floating wave energy power generation device, and the inertial flow guiding module is a conical mass block symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first caisson type airflow / water flow generator and the second caisson type airflow / water flow generator to store and release rotor inertia energy to stabilize the rotational speed and guide the water flow or air flow to improve the flow state.

[0012] Optionally, the inner wall of the air energy concentrator is coated with a polyurethane coating.

[0013] Optionally, the inner wall of the wave energy concentrator is coated with an epoxy coating.

[0014] Optionally, the pitch angle of the first caisson type airflow / water flow generator is greater than that of the second caisson type airflow / water flow generator.

[0015] Optionally, the installation angle of the fan blades of the first caisson type airflow / water flow generator and the second caisson type airflow / water flow generator is variable.

[0016] Optionally, the fan blades of the first caisson type airflow / water flow generator and the second caisson type airflow / water flow generator can be radially telescopic.

[0017] Optionally, the inner wall of the wave energy concentrator has an arc radius of d, the diameter of the lower end opening is 3d, and the diameter of the upper end opening is d.

[0018] Optionally, the lower end opening of the air energy concentrator has a diameter of d, and the upper end opening has a diameter of d / 3.

[0019] The floating wave energy power generation device has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] The present application significantly improves the comprehensive performance of the wave energy power generation device through the combination design of the energy capturing system, the power generation system and the steering system. Specifically, the wave energy gathering fairing adopts an inverted horn-shaped structure, and the lower end of the large opening is arranged underwater to capture waves in multiple directions at the same time. When the wave crest passes, the waves are gathered to form upward accelerating water flow, and the water flow moves upward to extrude the internal air to form high-speed airflow. When the wave trough arrives, the water flow moves downward and generates a local negative pressure area in the wave energy gathering fairing. This process continuously converts the kinetic energy and potential energy of the waves into orderly airflow movement. Then, the air energy gathering fairing connected above the wave energy gathering fairing plays a conical accelerating role to further extrude and directionally accelerate the unstable airflow from below, forming a high-speed bidirectional airflow channel.

[0021] In the power generation link, the first sinking well type airflow / water flow generator is arranged in the airflow channel between the two fairings. When the wave height is low, the bidirectional airflow directly drives the generator to rotate; when the wave height is high, the bidirectional water flow acts on the generator blades at the same time. This design ensures that the generator is always in an effective driving state, avoiding interruptions in energy capture caused by changes in wave height. At the same time, the second sinking well type airflow / water flow generator is arranged in the airflow channel on the other side of the air energy gathering fairing, and is specially used to generate power by using the accelerated bidirectional airflow. The two generators work together to ensure continuous energy conversion under different wave conditions.

[0022] The steering system solves the problem of wind direction interference through the cooperation of the fan blade and the yaw bearing. The fan blade is arranged at the end of the second generator duct and generates a rotating torque under the action of wind force; the yaw bearing connects the air energy gathering fairing outlet and the second generator duct, and drives the entire upper structure to rotate under the drive of the fan blade. When the external wind direction changes, the structure automatically adjusts the orientation of the second generator duct to always keep the airflow channel aligned with the dominant wind direction. This reduces airflow resistance and avoids weakening of the power generation efficiency caused by reverse wind pressure.

[0023] In summary, the device realizes three aspects of improvement: the combination of the wave energy gathering fairing and the air energy gathering fairing significantly improves the energy capture efficiency and reduces internal losses caused by disordered flow; the dual-generator layout adapts to high and low wave conditions to maintain a stable power generation state; the steering system dynamically tracks changes in wind direction to ensure the smoothness of the airflow channel. The entire system maintains reliable operation in complex marine environments through an orderly energy transmission path. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 A floating wave energy power generation device structure schematic diagram is provided for the embodiments of the present application;

[0025] Figure 2 A pitch angle diagram provided for an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 3 A wave energy concentrating fairing size diagram provided for an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 4 An air energy concentrating fairing size diagram provided for an embodiment of the present application.

[0028] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0029] 1. wave energy concentrating fairing; 2. air energy concentrating fairing; 31. first caisson type air / water current generator; 32. second caisson type air / water current generator; 4. yaw bearing; 5. wind blade; 6. anchor chain; 7. float; 8. heave plate; 9. support plate; 10. inertia flow guiding module; 11. wave. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the following further describes the specific embodiments of the present application with reference to the drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and not to limit the present application. In addition, it should be noted that only the parts related to the present application are shown in the drawings for the convenience of description. Before discussing the example embodiments in more detail, it should be mentioned that some example embodiments are described as processes or methods depicted as flowcharts. Although the flowcharts describe the operations (or steps) as sequential processes, many of the operations can be implemented in parallel, concurrently or simultaneously. In addition, the order of the operations can be rearranged. The processes can be terminated when the operations are completed, but can also have additional steps not included in the drawings. The processes can correspond to methods, functions, procedures, subroutines, etc.

[0031] The terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present application are used to distinguish similar objects and not to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged under appropriate circumstances so that the embodiments of the present application can be implemented in an order other than that illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first", "second", etc. are generally of a kind and do not limit the number of objects, for example, the first object can be one or more. In addition, "and / or" in the specification and claims indicates at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / ", generally indicates that the objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.

[0032] With reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, but not all of the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0033] With reference to Figure 1 The embodiment of the present application provides a floating wave energy power generation device, which comprises an energy capturing system, a power generation system and a steering system.

[0034] The energy capturing system comprises a wave energy gathering fairing 1 and an air energy gathering fairing 2. The wave energy gathering fairing 1 is an inverted horn-shaped arc structure, the wide lower end opening of which is arranged underwater, and the narrow upper end opening of which is arranged on water, for gathering waves to form upward accelerated water flow at wave crest, and simultaneously extruding air in the cavity of the wave energy gathering fairing 1 to form downward water flow at wave trough, and generate negative pressure air; the air energy gathering fairing 2 is an inverted cone structure, which is connected above the wave energy gathering fairing 1, for further extruding and accelerating the upward air flow generated by the wave energy gathering fairing 1 at wave crest.

[0035] The power generation system comprises a first sinking well type air / water flow generator 31 and a second sinking well type air / water flow generator 32. The first sinking well type air / water flow generator 31 is arranged in the air flow channel between the wave energy gathering fairing 1 and the air energy gathering fairing 2, for driving rotation to generate electricity by bidirectional air flow at low wave height, and driving rotation to generate electricity by bidirectional water flow at high wave height. The second sinking well type air / water flow generator 32 is arranged in the air flow channel on the other side of the air energy gathering fairing 2, for driving rotation to generate electricity by bidirectional air flow or water flow.

[0036] The steering system comprises a yaw bearing 4 and a wind blade 5. The yaw bearing 4 is connected with the outlet of the air energy gathering fairing 2 and the conduit of the second sinking well type air / water flow generator 32. The wind blade 5 is arranged at the end of the second sinking well type air / water flow generator 32, for driving the opening direction of the conduit of the second sinking well type air / water flow generator 32 to deflect with the wind direction by wind force, so as to optimize the direction of the air flow channel.

[0037] Figure 1The wave 11 is shown in the figure. Specifically, the floating wave power generation device mainly consists of an energy capturing system, a power generation system and a steering system. The energy capturing system includes a wave energy concentrator 1 and an air energy concentrator 2. The wave energy concentrator 1 adopts an inverted horn structure, and the lower end opening size is significantly larger than the upper end opening. The lower end of the structure is immersed in seawater, and the upper end is exposed to the air environment. When the sea surface forms a wave crest, seawater flows into the large opening at the lower end of the wave energy concentrator 1, and under the guidance of the arc structure, an accelerated water flow moving upward is formed, which continuously rises and squeezes the air inside the device, forming an upward orderly airflow; when the sea surface enters the trough stage, the water flow reverses and forms a downward movement trend, and at this time, a local negative pressure area is generated in the interior of the concentrator due to the rapid extraction of the water flow. The air energy concentrator 2 is connected in an inverted cone structure above the wave energy concentrator 1, and the tapered inner wall of the air energy concentrator 2 produces a compression effect on the rising or falling airflow, gradually increasing the airflow velocity, forming a high-speed directional airflow channel.

[0038] The power generation system includes a first sinking well type airflow / water flow generator 31 and a second sinking well type airflow / water flow generator 32. The first sinking well type airflow / water flow generator 31 is installed inside the airflow channel at the junction of the wave energy concentrator 1 and the air energy concentrator 2. In the working condition of low wave height, the bidirectional airflow (alternating upward airflow and downward airflow) directly drives the rotation of the rotor blades; when encountering high waves, the upward flowing or downward suction water flow simultaneously impacts the blades, realizing water flow driven. The second sinking well type airflow / water flow generator 32 is independently arranged at the outlet of the airflow channel extended laterally from the air energy concentrator 2, and the rotor blades of the generator are driven to rotate by the bidirectional airflow accelerated through the air energy concentrator 2. Unless in the condition of extreme wave height, the rotor blades of the generator generally do not participate in water flow energy conversion. The output circuits of the two generators are connected in parallel to the power processing unit.

[0039] The steering system consists of a yaw bearing 4 and a wind blade 5. The yaw bearing 4 is fixed between the outlet of the air energy concentrator 2 and the conduit of the second sinking well type airflow / water flow generator 32. The wind blade 5 is installed behind the exhaust port at the end of the conduit. When the wind direction of the sea surface changes, the airflow acts on the surface of the wind blade 5 to generate a moment, which drives the whole conduit and the second sinking well type airflow / water flow generator 32 to rotate around the axis of the yaw bearing 4, until the air inlet of the conduit is directed towards the main wind direction.

[0040] In some operating scenarios, the device undergoes a complete wave cycle workflow as follows: in the initial wave crest stage, seawater flows into the wave energy concentrator 1 through the lower end opening, forming an upward water flow to push the first caisson-type airflow / water flow generator 31 blades, while extruding air into the air energy concentrator 2; the accelerated airflow drives the second caisson-type airflow / water flow generator 32 to generate electricity. When the wave transitions to the trough, the downward water flow forms a reverse driving force at the first caisson-type airflow / water flow generator 31, while the negative pressure environment sucks the air above to form a descending airflow, and the two generators continue to output power. If the wind direction changes suddenly, the wind blade 5 will be pushed by the wind to turn the duct, avoiding the reverse airflow to hinder the air intake efficiency of the second generator 32.

[0041] This structure brings many benefits: the horn-shaped structure of the wave energy concentrator 1 improves the wave capture range and reduces multi-directional wave energy loss; the conical acceleration effect of the air energy concentrator 2 enhances the airflow kinetic energy conversion rate; the dual-medium driving characteristics of the first caisson-type airflow / water flow generator 31 ensure continuous operation in low and high wave conditions; the second caisson-type airflow / water flow generator 32 focuses on processing high-speed airflow, improving the unit airflow energy utilization rate; the steering system maintains the smoothness of the airflow passage through passive wind direction tracking, reducing external wind environment interference. The functions of each part are complementary, forming a stable and reliable energy conversion path.

[0042] Continue to refer to Figure 1 In some embodiments, it also includes a floating body system;

[0043] The floating body system includes anchor chains 6 and buoys 7, the buoy 7 provides buoyancy and serves as a mounting platform, and the anchor chain 6 connects the seabed and the buoy 7 in a three-way anchoring manner, used to limit the movement of the floating wave power generation device in six degrees of freedom.

[0044] The floating body system of the floating wave power generation device serves as a foundation bearing structure, and the floating body system is composed of anchor chains 6 and buoys 7, wherein the buoy 7 can be a sealed hollow shell structure, which is welded and fixed above the wave energy concentrator 1, and cable holes can be opened around. The anchor chain 6 is connected to the side wall of the buoy 7 at one end and to the seabed at the other end. The plane where the anchor chain 6 is located has an inclination angle with the horizontal plane, forming a spatially asymmetric tension layout.

[0045] When the device is deployed in the target sea area, first adjust the proportion of ballast material in the weight tank of the floater 7 to make the lower end opening of the wave energy concentrator 1 sink to a predetermined depth underwater. Then release the three anchor chains 6, which are connected to the seabed (for example, by gravity anchor blocks), and the anchor chains 6 are in a radial tension state between the floater 7 and the seabed. The angle between the anchor chains 6 and the seabed plane is controlled within a certain range, so that the three anchor chains 6 exert force vectors in different directions on the floater 7. When the floater 7 tends to displace under the action of waves, displacement in any direction will trigger at least two anchor chains 6 to generate a counteracting force. For example, when the floater 7 is pushed by a lateral wave force, the anchor chain 6 on the wave-approaching side relaxes while the anchor chain 6 on the wave-avoiding side tightens, forming a restoring moment through the difference in tension; when the floater 7 is acted upon by a vertical force, the vertical components of the three anchor chains 6 together suppress the heave amplitude.

[0046] In certain operating scenarios, the floater system assists other components in operation: the horizontal impact force generated when the wave energy concentrator 1 captures wave energy is transmitted to the anchor chains 6 through the floater 7, and the spatial layout of the anchor chains 6 decomposes the impact force into multi-directional constraint components; the vibrations of the device caused by the acceleration of air flow in the air energy concentrator 2 are absorbed and dissipated by the composite shell of the floater 7; when the turning system drives the second caisson-type air / water flow generator 32 to deflect, the floater 7 provides a stable turning platform. In particular, in storm conditions, when the inclination angle of the floater 7 exceeds the safety threshold due to the impact of large waves, the steel cable in the dominant tension state of the three anchor chains 6 automatically triggers the damper to absorb energy, preventing the anchor ear plate from overloading and breaking.

[0047] Such a floater system structure has the following beneficial effects: the three-way asymmetric layout of the anchor chains 6 forms a spatial mechanical balance network, effectively suppressing displacement in six degrees of freedom. The entire floater system is optimized through the mechanical transmission path to provide a stable working platform for the energy conversion process.

[0048] For further reference Figure 1 In some embodiments, a stabilizing system is further included;

[0049] The stabilizing system includes a heave plate 8, a support plate 9, and an inertial flow guide module 10. The heave plate 8 is deployed around the lower end opening edge of the wave energy concentrator 1, the support plate 9 connects the outer wall of the floater 7 and the heave plate 8, and is used to limit the heave motion of the floating wave power generation device; the inertial flow guide module 10 is a conical mass block, symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first caisson-type air / water flow generator 31 and the second caisson-type air / water flow generator 32, and is used to store and release rotor inertia energy to stabilize the rotational speed.

[0050] Specifically, the stabilizing system of the floating wave energy device as an anti-interference structure, the stabilizing system comprises a heave plate 8, a support plate 9 and an inertial flow guide module 10, wherein the heave plate 8 can be a ring-shaped thin plate structure, which is connected to the opening edge of the lower end of the wave energy concentrating and rectifying cover 1, and the outer edge extends downward to form a skirt-shaped flow resistance. The support plate 9 adopts a radial truss layout, one end of which is welded to the outer wall reinforcing rib of the floater 7, and the other end is obliquely supported at the bottom of the outer edge of the heave plate 8. The inertial flow guide module 10 is composed of two groups of symmetrically arranged conical bodies, the tips of which point to the center line of the rotating shaft of the first and second sunk well type airflow / water flow generators 31 and 32, and are fixed to the generator housings on both sides through elastic bases.

[0051] The ring-shaped plate surface of the heave plate 8 can be provided with a plurality of groups of fish scale-shaped through hole arrays, and the long axes of the through holes are arranged along the tangential direction of the circumference. When the device is subjected to vertical waves, the seawater flowing through the through holes of the heave plate 8 forms dispersed jets, which destroy the large-scale vortex structure. At the same time, the skirt edge of the heave plate 8 generates reverse vortex flow, which forms a hydraulic damping effect on the heaving motion of the floater 7. The oblique truss design of the support plate 9 decomposes the horizontal impact force of the waves into axial pressure and lateral bending moment, which is transmitted to the anchor chain 6 system through the outer wall reinforcing rib of the floater 7, avoiding stress concentration on the base of the wave energy concentrating and rectifying cover 1. The conical body of the inertial flow guide module 10 can be filled with high-density metal powder, and the center of mass thereof is offset from the generator rotating shaft to form an eccentric mass. When the generator rotor accelerates due to sudden changes in waves, the inertial torque generated by the eccentric mass resists the angular acceleration change.

[0052] In some operation scenarios, the stabilizing system cooperates with other components: when the floater 7 is subjected to severe heaving due to large waves, the hydraulic damping effect of the heave plate 8 weakens the vibration amplitude, and at the same time, the support plate 9 distributes the horizontal impact force; when the rotational speed of the first sunk well type airflow / water flow generator 31 suddenly changes due to irregular waves, the eccentric mass of the inertial flow guide module 10 stores or releases angular momentum, and generates a reverse torque through the elastic base to buffer; the second sunk well type airflow / water flow generator 32 also benefits from the symmetrically arranged inertial flow guide module 10, which maintains the stability of the blade speed. Especially during the period when the wave spectrum is disturbed after the passage of a storm, the fish scale-shaped through holes of the heave plate 8 disturb the water flow resonance frequency, preventing the device from resonating with waves of a specific frequency.

[0053] The stabilizing system has the following beneficial effects: the heave plate 8 can significantly reduce the heaving displacement amplitude; the radial truss layout of the support plate 9 improves the mechanical transmission path and avoids local stress concentration; the eccentric mass configuration of the inertial flow guide module 10 effectively adjusts the rotor inertia energy and stabilizes the power generation fluctuation; the three sets of components jointly ensure the continuity of the operation of the device in complex sea conditions.

[0054] In some embodiments, the inner wall of the air energy concentrating and rectifying cover 2 is coated with a polyurethane coating.

[0055] The inner wall surface of the air concentrator 2 of the floating wave energy device is treated specially and coated with a polyurethane-based high-molecular composite coating. The coating can be applied using a two-component spraying process, in which component A is a hydroxyl-terminated polyurethane prepolymer and component B is a curing agent containing modified nano-silica particles. During application, the inner wall of the air concentrator 2 is first sandblasted to roughen the surface, remove the oxide layer and form a micro-anchoring structure. Then, the substrate is heated to an appropriate temperature, and the two-component material is mixed and uniformly sprayed onto the inner wall surface using a special spray gun. During the curing process, the coating forms a three-dimensional cross-linked network structure, and the nano-silica particles are dispersed in the polymer matrix to fill the micro-pores.

[0056] The cured polyurethane coating forms a smooth protective layer on the surface, and the flexible segments in the molecular chain provide elastic recovery properties. When the airflow carrying water droplets impacts the coating surface, the elastic surface deforms slightly to absorb the impact energy, reducing the rebound and splashing of the water flow. The nano-silica particles increase the hardness of the coating surface, preventing damage from solid particles in high-speed airflow. The low surface energy of the coating surface causes water vapor to condense into a continuous water film rather than discrete droplets, and the water film flows smoothly under the action of the airflow, reducing turbulence generation.

[0057] During device operation, the polyurethane coating on the inner wall of the air concentrator 2 continues to function. When high-speed airflow passes through the conical channel, the smooth surface of the coating reduces wall friction resistance, allowing the airflow boundary layer to maintain a stable flow state. The water vapor in the airflow forms a thin liquid film on the coating surface, which suppresses droplet detachment through surface tension, reducing the probability of secondary droplets being carried by the airflow. The nano-particles inside the coating arrange to form a micro-rough structure, which destroys the conditions for generating air vortexes and reduces the likelihood of airflow separation. When the airflow direction reverses, the elastic properties of the coating absorb the pressure fluctuations caused by changes in flow energy, reducing the intensity of airflow surges.

[0058] This coating treatment method has several benefits: the flexibility of the polyurethane molecular chain accommodates thermal expansion and contraction of the substrate, preventing coating cracking and peeling; the nano-composite material enhances surface wear resistance, extending the coating maintenance cycle; surface energy regulation enables directional water vapor flow, reducing droplet impact noise; micro-roughness control suppresses turbulence generation, reducing airflow energy loss.

[0059] In some embodiments, the inner wall of the wave concentrator 1 is coated with an epoxy coating.

[0060] The inner wall surface of the wave energy concentrator dome 1 is coated with an epoxy-based composite protective layer. The coating can be composed of three layers of functional materials: the bottom layer is an epoxy zinc powder primer, the middle layer is a mica iron oxide epoxy paint, and the top layer is a fluorine-modified epoxy topcoat. Before construction, the inner wall of the wave energy concentrator dome 1 is sandblasted to remove rust and scale, and the metal surface is brought to a certain level of cleanliness and roughness. The coating is applied using a high-pressure airless spraying process, first uniformly spraying an epoxy zinc powder primer to form a thickness transition layer, then covering it with a mica iron oxide epoxy paint as the main corrosion protection layer, and finally spraying a fluorine-modified epoxy topcoat on the surface.

[0061] The zinc powder particles in the epoxy zinc powder primer form a continuous conductive network after the coating is cured. When seawater penetrates the coating pores, the zinc powder preferentially undergoes electrochemical corrosion and consumption, protecting the substrate metal from erosion. The flaky fillers in the mica iron oxide epoxy paint are arranged in parallel layers in the coating, blocking the penetration path of water vapor and chloride ions. The long-chain fluorocarbon groups in the fluorine-modified epoxy topcoat are oriented on the surface of the coating, forming a smooth interface. After the coating is completely cured, the inner wall of the wave energy concentrator dome 1 has a good finish, and the surface energy is significantly lower than that of untreated metal substrate.

[0062] When the wave passes through the dome, the low-friction surface of the fluorine-modified epoxy topcoat reduces the boundary layer resistance of the water flow, allowing the seawater to form an upward flow more smoothly during the wave crest phase; the flaky barrier of the mica iron oxide epoxy paint inhibits the contact of seawater corrosion medium with the substrate, prolonging the service life of the structure in a salt spray environment; the sacrificial anode properties of the epoxy zinc powder primer continuously protect the welds and stress concentration areas. During the wave trough phase, the low adhesion properties of the coating surface reduce the vortex stripping phenomenon, maintaining the stable formation of the negative pressure area. The prismatic aluminum oxide micro-powder on the surface of the coating produces a self-grinding effect, continuously maintaining the surface finish.

[0063] This coating has multiple benefits: the fluorine-modified surface reduces water flow adhesion, improving wave energy capture efficiency; self-grinding micro-powder continuously updates the working surface, preventing the growth of biological attachments; and the electrochemical protection mechanism ensures the durability of critical structural areas.

[0064] In some embodiments, the pitch angle of the first caisson-type airflow / water flow generator 31 is greater than the pitch angle of the second caisson-type airflow / water flow generator 32.

[0065] The power generation system of the floating wave energy device adopts differentiated pitch angle configuration for the first caisson type airflow / water flow generator 31 and the second caisson type airflow / water flow generator 32. The chord length extension lines of the adjacent blades of the rotor of the first caisson type airflow / water flow generator 31 form a specific angle, which is significantly larger than the corresponding angle of the second caisson type airflow / water flow generator 32. Specifically, the blade chordwise included angle of the first caisson type airflow / water flow generator 31 is set to a larger value range, while the blade chordwise included angle of the second caisson type airflow / water flow generator 32 is maintained in a smaller value range. Preferably, the pitch angle of the first caisson type airflow / water flow generator 31 is 20°, and the pitch angle of the second caisson type airflow / water flow generator 32 is 15°, as shown in Figure 2

[0066] For the first caisson type airflow / water flow generator 31, when encountering high wave conditions, the upward flow or downward suction flow impacts the blade working surface. The larger pitch angle forms a wider force bearing area, which efficiently converts the water flow impact force into rotational torque. When in low wave conditions, bidirectional airflow flows through the blade passage. The large angle design delays airflow separation and maintains the starting ability under low wind speed conditions. In contrast, the small angle blades of the second caisson type airflow / water flow generator 32 focus on airflow energy conversion. The smaller pitch angle reduces the interference of turbulence between blades and improves the efficiency of high-speed airflow passage. Only when seawater invades the airflow passage due to extreme storms, the small angle blades cut the water film with sharp leading edges to avoid rotor stall caused by water load.

[0067] In some operating scenarios, the differentiated pitch angles of the two generators work together: under normal wave conditions, the first caisson type airflow / water flow generator 31 processes mixed water and airflow energy through large pitch angle blades, while the second caisson type airflow / water flow generator 32 converts high-speed airflow at high rotational speed; when the wave height suddenly increases, the incoming water flow is effectively captured by the wide blades of the first caisson type airflow / water flow generator 31, and its large angle structure disperses the sudden load to the entire rotor system; if the wave height suddenly decreases, the large pitch angle blades maintain airflow driving stability to prevent shutdown under low wind speed conditions. The small angle blades of the second caisson type airflow / water flow generator 32 are always in an airflow optimization state and only temporarily switch to a water-resistant mode when a seawater intrusion signal is detected.

[0068] This pitch angle configuration brings multiple advantages: the large angle design of the first caisson type airflow / water flow generator 31 enhances the water flow impact energy capture rate while maintaining low wind speed airflow driving stability; the small angle layout of the second caisson type airflow / water flow generator 32 improves the efficiency of pure airflow conversion and has emergency water resistance capability under extreme conditions; the differentiated configuration avoids energy conversion competition between the two generators under the same working conditions, forming a complementary working mode. The overall rotor system adapts to different energy media through pitch angle characteristics, optimizing the overall power generation efficiency.​

[0069] In some embodiments, the fan blade installation angle of the first caisson type airflow / water flow generator 31 and the second caisson type airflow / water flow generator 32 is variable.

[0070] In the power generation system of the floating wave energy generator, the first caisson type airflow / water flow generator 31 and the second caisson type airflow / water flow generator 32 adopt an adjustable fan blade installation angle structure. The installation angle refers to the angle between the plane of the blade and the rotation plane. The angle adjustment mechanism is arranged inside the rotor hub of the two generators, and the blade can change the installation angle.

[0071] The fan blade installation angle adjustment system can work dynamically according to real-time monitoring data: the water flow speed sensor installed inside the wave energy gathering and rectifying cover 1 and the air pressure sensor at the outlet of the air energy gathering and rectifying cover 2 continuously collect medium parameters; the control unit calculates the optimal installation angle combination; the signal is transmitted to the stepper motor of the generator hub to execute angle change. For the first caisson type airflow / water flow generator 31, when strong water flow caused by high waves is monitored, the installation angle is increased to make the blade chord surface more perpendicular to the water flow direction to improve the torque output; when airflow dominates in low wave conditions, the installation angle is reduced to reduce airflow separation loss. For the second caisson type airflow / water flow generator 32, the medium installation angle is maintained to balance efficiency and speed under normal wind speed, and the installation angle is reduced to prevent overspeed under strong wind conditions.

[0072] In some operation scenarios, the adjustable installation angle can cope with complex sea state changes: when the water flow speed increases suddenly due to storm prelude waves, the installation angle of the first caisson type airflow / water flow generator 31 is increased, and the blade chord surface forms a better attack angle to capture the water flow impact energy; when the airflow turbulence intensity increases after the storm, the installation angle of the blade of the second caisson type airflow / water flow generator 32 is reduced synchronously to avoid the formation of a large area of separation vortex on the back of the blade. Especially in the wave and wind speed reverse coupling working condition, the two generators independently execute differentiated angle strategies: the first caisson type airflow / water flow generator 31 focuses on water flow energy capture, and the second caisson type airflow / water flow generator 32 focuses on airflow stability control, and the total power output is smoothly transitioned through installation angle combination optimization.

[0073] This adjustable installation angle design makes the blade always in the best energy capture orientation, significantly improving the energy conversion efficiency under different medium working conditions; the independent control mode allows the two generators to optimize for their respective dominant energy sources. The whole mechanism maintains high efficient and stable power generation state in complex marine environment through angle adjustment.

[0074] In some embodiments, the fan blades of the first caisson type airflow / water flow generator 31 and the second caisson type airflow / water flow generator 32 can be radially telescopic.

[0075] In the power generation system of this floating wave energy generator, the first caisson-type airflow / water flow generator 31 and the second caisson-type airflow / water flow generator 32 adopt a radially retractable fan blade structure.

[0076] The blade extension / retraction system adjusts the blade extension / retraction amount according to the medium conditions: For the first caisson-type airflow / waterflow generator 31, under low-wave conditions, the hydraulic system drives the blades to retract inward along the radial guide rail, shortening the blade span, reducing tip vortex losses, and increasing the rotational speed to adapt to weak airflow environments; under high-wave conditions, when impacted by water flow, the blades extend outward to their maximum position, increasing the stress area and dispersing the water flow load. For the second caisson-type airflow / waterflow generator 32, under normal wind speeds, the blades maintain a moderate span to balance efficiency and strength; under hurricane conditions, the blades fully retract to reduce wind load torque. The control unit generates optimal extension / retraction commands by monitoring generator speed, medium density, and torque fluctuation values.

[0077] During certain operational phases, particularly the gradual change in wave height, the blades of the first well-type airflow / water flow generator 31 continuously adjust their extension at a certain rate to maintain a match between the water flow impact force and the rotor inertia. When a sudden gust of wind occurs, the blades of the second well-type airflow / water flow generator 32 rapidly retract to avoid the risk of overspeeding. When the risk of entanglement with foreign objects such as algae is detected, the blades perform high-frequency micro-amplitude extension and retraction vibrations to detach the attached material. Especially during the water-air mixing transition, the two generators implement differentiated extension and retraction strategies: the first well-type airflow / water flow generator 31 prioritizes extending its blades to capture water flow energy, while the second well-type airflow / water flow generator 32 retracts its blades to maintain pure airflow conversion efficiency.

[0078] The radial telescoping design offers several advantages: the telescoping blade structure allows a single generator to cover a wider range of operating conditions; dynamic extension adjustment optimizes energy capture efficiency under different medium densities. This structure significantly enhances the device's survivability and power generation continuity in complex marine environments.

[0079] like Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the inner wall radius of the wave-focusing fairing 1 is d, the diameter of the lower opening is 3d, and the diameter of the upper opening is d.

[0080] The wave-focusing fairing 1 employs a specific proportional design in its geometric configuration, with its inner wall arc surface exhibiting a constant radius of curvature (arc radius). The fairing is a rotationally symmetric structure, with the lower opening edge diameter set to a relatively large value, equivalent to three times the radius of curvature; the upper opening edge diameter is on the same order of magnitude as the inner wall arc radius of curvature; and the arc-shaped inner wall itself maintains a constant radius of curvature, equal to the upper opening diameter.

[0081] When the wave passes through the rectifier cover, the seawater in the crest stage rushes up along the arc-shaped inner wall, and the flow line curvature is consistent with the wall curvature, which significantly reduces the flow separation phenomenon; when the water flow is drawn down in the trough stage, the constant curvature avoids the generation of local vortex. Because the diameter of the lower end opening is three times that of the upper end opening, the wave energy maintains the characteristics of low speed and large flow rate in the initial stage, and as the cross-sectional area of the flow passage shrinks, the water flow continues to accelerate under the guidance of curvature. Especially at the middle position of the arc-shaped section, the water flow speed reaches the maximum value, at which time the centrifugal force formed by the product of the curvature radius and the flow speed is balanced with the normal pressure of the wall surface, maintaining the water flow close to the inner wall. This flow state minimizes the loss in the process of converting wave energy into kinetic energy.

[0082] In some wave conditions, small waves (wave height less than the curvature radius) enter the large lower end opening, and the water flow smoothly transitions to the acceleration zone; when large waves (wave height greater than three times the curvature radius) impact, the expanding inlet structure disperses the impact pressure. When the wave direction has an angle with the axis of the rectifier cover, the equal-curvature inner wall corrects the deflection: the oblique water flow with an incident angle less than 30° is guided by the arc-shaped wall, and the outflow direction deviates from the axis by less than 10°. The entire energy capture process presents a virtuous cycle due to geometric optimization: water flow acceleration reduces the boundary layer thickness → reduces friction loss → maintains higher flow rate → enhances negative pressure suction effect.

[0083] This geometric configuration has various beneficial effects: the equal-curvature inner wall provides hydraulic smooth transition, maximizing the preservation of wave energy quality; the large lower end opening design enhances the ability to capture multi-directional waves; the equivalence relationship between the small upper end opening and the curvature radius optimizes the accelerating flow passage structure. Through parameter optimization, the overall structure realizes efficient conversion of wave energy.

[0084] As shown in Figure 4 In some embodiments, the diameter of the lower end opening of the air energy-gathering rectifier cover 2 is d, and the diameter of the upper end opening is d / 3.

[0085] The geometric configuration of the air energy-gathering rectifier cover 2 is designed in association with the size of the wave energy-gathering rectifier cover 1. The rectifier cover is a rotationally symmetrical inverted conical structure, and the diameter of the lower end opening edge is equal to the diameter of the upper end opening of the wave energy-gathering rectifier cover 1; the diameter of the upper end opening edge is reduced to one third of the diameter of the lower end opening. The conical generatrix has a gradually converging angle with the axis, and the inner wall surface adopts a continuously derivable smooth curved surface transition.

[0086] When the airflow passes through the fairing, the high-speed airflow from the upper opening of the wave energy concentrator 1 enters the lower interface of the air energy concentrator 2. The diameter of the interface matches the expansion scale of the airflow, avoiding the energy dissipation vortex caused by the sudden expansion structure. As the airflow rises along the conical flow channel, the cross-sectional area shrinks, and the airflow velocity increases exponentially. Especially in the upper part of the cone section, the Mach number of the airflow approaches the critical value, and the pressure gradient generated by the conical wall balances the inertial force of the airflow, preventing energy loss caused by shock waves. When the airflow flows in the reverse direction in the wave trough stage, the conical structure also guides the descending airflow to accelerate smoothly and avoid flow separation.

[0087] In some coupling conditions, the wave energy concentrator 1 converts the wave energy captured by the lower opening with a diameter of 3d into a high-speed jet with a diameter of d, which is input into the lower opening of the air energy concentrator 2 with a diameter of d; after conical contraction, the kinetic energy density of the airflow is greatly improved when it is ejected from the upper opening with a diameter of d / 3. When the wave direction deviates from the axis, the arc guide of the wave energy concentrator 1 has pre-corrected the flow direction, so that the output airflow deviates from the axis of the air energy concentrator 2 within the allowable range, and the conical structure has the ability to self-correct this deviation.

[0088] The equivalent design of the interface diameters of the double fairings eliminates the sudden change loss of the flow state; the conical contraction flow channel greatly enhances the kinetic energy of the airflow; the mirror-polished inner wall maintains stable flow of the boundary layer; and the optimization of the overall size greatly improves the conversion efficiency of wave energy to airflow kinetic energy.

[0089] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present application and the technical principles applied. The present application is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, and various obvious changes, readjustments and replacements made by those skilled in the art will not deviate from the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, although the present application has been described in more detail through the above embodiments, the present application is not limited to the above embodiments, and can include more other equivalent embodiments without deviating from the concept of the present application, and the scope of the present application is determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A floating wave energy device, characterized in that The energy capturing system, the power generation system and the steering system are included. The energy capturing system includes a wave energy concentrator (1) and an air energy concentrator (2), the wave energy concentrator (1) is an inverted horn-shaped arc structure, the wide lower end opening is placed underwater, the narrow upper end opening is placed on water, used to gather waves to form upward accelerated water flow at wave crest, and to squeeze air in the wave energy concentrator (1) cavity, to form downward water flow at wave trough, and to generate negative pressure air; the air energy concentrator (2) is an inverted cone structure, connected above the wave energy concentrator (1), used to further squeeze and accelerate the upward air flow generated by the wave energy concentrator (1) at wave crest. The power generation system includes a first caisson type air / water flow generator (31) and a second caisson type air / water flow generator (32), the first caisson type air / water flow generator (31) is placed in the air flow channel between the wave energy concentrator (1) and the air energy concentrator (2), used to drive rotation to generate electricity by bidirectional air flow at low wave height, and to drive rotation to generate electricity by bidirectional water flow at high wave height, the second caisson type air / water flow generator (32) is placed in the air flow channel on the other side of the air energy concentrator (2), used to drive rotation to generate electricity by bidirectional air flow or water flow. The steering system includes a yaw bearing (4) and a wind blade (5), the yaw bearing (4) connects the air energy concentrator (2) outlet and the second caisson type air / water flow generator (32) conduit, the wind blade (5) is deployed at the end of the second caisson type air / water flow generator (32), used to drive the opening direction of the second caisson type air / water flow generator (32) and its conduit to deflect with the wind direction to optimize the air flow channel direction.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The floating body system is also included. The floating body system includes an anchor chain (6) and a float (7), the float (7) provides buoyancy and serves as a mounting platform, the anchor chain (6) connects the seabed and the float (7) based on three-way anchoring, used to limit the movement of the floating wave energy power generation device in six degrees of freedom directions.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein, The stabilizing system is also included. The stabilizing system includes a heaving plate (8), a support plate (9) and an inertial flow guiding module (10), the heaving plate (8) is deployed around the lower end opening edge of the wave energy concentrator (1), the support plate (9) connects the outer wall of the float (7) and the heaving plate (8), used to limit the heaving movement of the floating wave energy power generation device; the inertial flow guiding module (10) is a conical mass block, symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first caisson type air / water flow generator (31) and the second caisson type air / water flow generator (32), used to store and release rotor inertia energy to stabilize the rotation speed, and to guide water flow or air flow to improve flow state.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The inner wall of the air energy concentrator (2) is coated with a polyurethane coating.

5. The apparatus of claim 1 or 4, wherein, The inner wall of the wave energy concentrator (1) is coated with an epoxy coating.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The first caisson type airflow / water flow generator (31) has a larger pitch angle than the second caisson type airflow / water flow generator (32).

7. The apparatus of claim 1 or 6, wherein, The fan blade installation angle of the first caisson type airflow / water flow generator (31) and the second caisson type airflow / water flow generator (32) is variable.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The fan blades of the first caisson type airflow / water flow generator (31) and the second caisson type airflow / water flow generator (32) are radially telescopic.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The arc radius of the inner wall of the wave energy concentrating fairing (1) is d, the diameter of the lower end opening is 3d, and the diameter of the upper end opening is d.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The diameter of the lower end opening of the air energy concentrating fairing (2) is d, and the diameter of the upper end opening is d / 3.

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