Unmanned aerial vehicle communication link countering system based on Vivaldi antenna

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of unmanned aerial vehicle interference, and provides an unmanned aerial vehicle communication link countering system based on a Vivaldi antenna, an antenna array, and the system comprises a signal receiving unit and a signal transmitting unit. Wherein the antenna array is formed by fixing at least two groups of Vivaldi antenna units which are arranged in a staggered manner in the extensible mechanical frame; the broadband interference component is used for responding to the spectrum signal of the to-be-suppressed unmanned aerial vehicle through a receiving unit and generating a first interference signal; wherein the interference frequency band corresponding to the first interference signal is the same as the real-time communication frequency band of the to-be-suppressed unmanned aerial vehicle, and the extensible mechanical frame is used for responding to the first interference signal and determining the number and angle of the expanded area arrays.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of drone countermeasures technology, and in particular to a drone communication link countermeasure system based on a Vivaldi antenna. Background Technology

[0002] In today's era of rapid technological development, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and other unmanned aerial vehicles are increasingly used in civilian and military fields. While providing convenience and innovation, they also bring safety hazards that cannot be ignored.

[0003] Existing anti-drone equipment faces a series of technical problems in dealing with drone threats: First, the monitoring limitations of anti-drone equipment are manifested in insufficient tracking capabilities of drones in complex environments and changing scenarios, making it difficult to achieve all-round, blind-spot-free monitoring coverage; Second, the single nature of the defense strategy makes it impossible for anti-drone equipment to take personalized defense measures against drones of different types, speeds and flight altitudes, resulting in unsatisfactory defense effects. Furthermore, the intelligent analysis capabilities of counter-drone equipment are insufficient, making it difficult to deeply analyze the behavior patterns of drones and thus failing to accurately assess their potential threats, leading to frequent false alarms and missed alarms. In addition, counter-drone equipment has poor adaptability, making it difficult to cope with irregularly shaped monitoring areas and complex and ever-changing drone flight paths. The frequent need for human intervention not only increases the operational difficulty but also reduces the automation level and response speed of counter-drone equipment. Finally, compatibility issues with counter-drone equipment make it difficult to effectively integrate with other security systems, limiting the improvement of overall security effectiveness.

[0004] Patent document CN115996103A proposes an "Adaptive Radio Frequency Jamming System and Method for UAV Frequency Hopping Communication," intended for UAV countermeasures and jamming of UAVs using frequency hopping communication. However, it employs a fixed architecture, and the power amplifier has a fixed amplification factor based solely on the optimal jamming transmission power, failing to consider multi-target interference or dynamic load changes, potentially leading to power waste or interference signal distortion. Furthermore, it only generates narrowband noise interference signals and does not support composite jamming methods such as deceptive jamming or signal blocking with the same modulation method, thus having limited effectiveness against UAVs with narrowband jamming resistance. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application proposes a UAV communication link countermeasure system based on a Vivaldi antenna, which is used to cover a wider range of UAV communication frequency bands, improve the directivity of jamming signals, and deal with UAV targets at different distances and in different directions, so as to achieve precise frequency band coverage jamming.

[0006] Firstly, a UAV communication link countermeasure system based on a Vivaldi antenna includes: An antenna array, comprising a signal receiving unit and a signal transmitting unit; wherein the antenna array is fixed in a scalable mechanical frame by at least two sets of staggered Vivaldi antenna elements; Wideband jamming component: used to respond to the spectrum signal of the UAV to be suppressed through the receiving unit and generate a first jamming signal; wherein, the jamming frequency band corresponding to the first jamming signal is the same as the real-time communication frequency band of the UAV to be suppressed, and the expandable mechanical frame is used to respond to the first jamming signal and perform the adjustment of the number and angle of the expanded mechanical frame array; The power supply terminals of the antenna array and broadband interference components are electrically connected to the power module.

[0007] In conjunction with the first aspect, the scalable mechanical frame has multiple expansion surfaces, with standardized slots deployed on the expansion surfaces. The Vivaldi antenna unit is fixed through the standardized slots, and the expansion surfaces are used for one-dimensional or two-dimensional splicing expansion.

[0008] In conjunction with the first aspect, the broadband interference component includes an interference signal receiving unit and an interference generation unit; The interference signal receiving unit consists of a receiving antenna, a low-noise amplifier, and a tunable bandpass filter. The receiving antenna is a Vivaldi antenna unit. The interference generation unit includes a wideband signal generator and a modulator, used to generate noise signals or frequency sweep signals; wherein, the wideband signal generator has a built-in first frequency divider, which is used to adjust the real-time frequency band of the wideband signal emitted by the wideband signal generator.

[0009] In conjunction with the first aspect, the interference generation unit receives the spectrum signal of the UAV to be suppressed, and adjusts the fundamental frequency of the output signal through the first frequency divider so that the output frequency band of the broadband signal generator covers the spectrum signal of the UAV to be suppressed; And based on the protocol characteristics of the UAV to be suppressed, the type of interference signal is determined: where, If the target drone uses a frequency hopping communication protocol, the modulator generates a frequency sweep signal; If the target drone uses a fixed-frequency communication protocol, the modulator generates a noise signal.

[0010] In conjunction with the first aspect, the input terminal of the broadband interference component and the output terminal of the antenna array are also connected to a signal processing module; The signal processing module consists of an analog-to-digital converter, a multi-core DSP processor, and a protocol feature database. The protocol feature database is used to store the time and frequency characteristic parameters of the UAV's remote control, image transmission, and navigation signals.

[0011] In conjunction with the first aspect, when the receiving unit responds to the spectrum signal of the UAV to be suppressed, it further includes: The received spectrum signal is input into a low-noise amplifier for primary amplification, and the amplified signal is then fed into a tunable bandpass filter for preliminary filtering to generate the first signal. After the first signal is converted into the target digital signal by the analog-to-digital converter, the multi-core DSP processor calls the time-frequency feature parameters stored in the protocol feature database to perform time-frequency analysis and feature matching with the target digital signal. If the characteristic parameters of the UAV to be suppressed are matched, the DSP processor extracts the real-time communication frequency band of the UAV to be suppressed and generates a first control command including a first interference signal. The first control command includes an instruction for the expansion of the expandable mechanical frame.

[0012] In conjunction with the first aspect, the unfolding instruction includes the number of unfolded surfaces and the unfolding angle; If the number of expanded surfaces exceeds the number of currently deployed expanded surfaces, the expansion mechanism of the mechanical frame is triggered to expand and fix the spare expanded surfaces through one-dimensional or two-dimensional splicing. Once the spare extension surfaces are unfolded and fixed, the angle between each extension surface and the horizontal plane is determined based on the unfolding angle.

[0013] In conjunction with the first aspect, the power module includes a first AC conversion circuit, a constant current loop unit, and a first MOSFET; The constant current loop unit is connected to the output of the first AC conversion circuit, and the other input of the constant current loop unit is connected to the wideband interference component, and the target current of the interference frequency band corresponding to the first interference signal is determined. The output of the constant current loop unit is connected to the power supply of the antenna array through the source of the first MOS transistor, and the input current of the antenna array is controlled to be the target current.

[0014] In conjunction with the first aspect, the constant current ring unit converts external alternating current into stable direct current through the first AC conversion circuit, and inputs the stable direct current into the current control terminal of the constant current ring unit; A current control signal is generated based on the target current and transmitted to the gate of the first MOS transistor. By adjusting the duty cycle of the first MOS transistor, the current flowing through the source of the first MOS transistor is stabilized to the target current. The stabilized current is then transmitted to each Vivaldi antenna element of the antenna array through the power supply line.

[0015] In conjunction with the first aspect, the broadband interference component further includes a monitoring component, which is used to collect the antenna status of the antenna array under the first interference signal. If more than a threshold number of antenna elements in any extension surface of the scalable mechanical frame are detected to be in a fault state, the extension surface is marked as a fault surface and a fault alarm signal is generated. The scalable mechanical frame responds to fault alarm signals and generates angle adjustment operations for adjacent extended surfaces of the faulty surface. When the angle adjustment operation is performed and the interference range of the UAV to be suppressed is different from the expected interference range, the redundant extension mechanism of the scalable mechanical frame is triggered.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: This application determines the spectral signal of the UAV to be suppressed through a receiving unit response and generates an interference signal. The generated interference signal corresponds to the same interference frequency band as the real-time communication frequency band of the UAV to be suppressed, achieving targeted interference. In this process, through the closed-loop control relationship between the scalable mechanical frame and the broadband interference components, and based on the parameters of the interference signal from the UAV to be suppressed, the number of faces to be unfolded and the angle of adjustment are automatically adjusted to achieve a dynamic suppression effect with no blind spots.

[0017] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the following description, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the structures particularly pointed out in the written description and the accompanying drawings.

[0018] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof.

[0020] In the attached diagram: Figure 1 This is a hardware architecture diagram of a UAV communication link countermeasure system based on a Vivaldi antenna, as described in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating the composition of the broadband interference component in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the execution process of the monitoring component in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0022] The Vivaldi antenna is a broadband directional antenna based on the principle of leaky wave antennas. It is constructed by creating slots in a metal substrate, with exponentially or linearly graded metal patches on either side of the slots. It also incorporates microstrip lines, coplanar waveguides, and other feed lines for excitation, achieving slow leakage of electromagnetic waves, resulting in ultra-wide bandwidth and high directivity, and stable radiation and reception of electromagnetic waves over a wide frequency range. It overcomes the frequency band limitations and insufficient directivity of narrowband antennas such as dipole and ordinary patch antennas.

[0023] Countermeasures against drone communication links involve sending interference, blocking, or deception signals between the drone and its control station to disrupt data transmission capabilities, thereby enabling drone interception, drone shooting down, and drone deception.

[0024] In anti-drone communication link systems, Vivaldi antenna technology is still in the exploratory stage and has not yet been widely adopted. Vivaldi antenna technology meets the needs of anti-drone systems from the perspectives of ultra-wide bandwidth and high directivity. However, in existing technologies, the main antenna arrangements are still linear and fixed array arrangements. Therefore, the beam direction is fixed and the cross-polarization performance is poor. Furthermore, in the application of existing antennas, the mechanical frame is generally fixed, making it impossible to adjust the number and angle of the interference antenna array according to requirements, and thus unable to emit interference signals as needed. Finally, and this is the core deficiency of existing technology, the control system and antenna system for the interference signal are independent. When facing new drones operating in unknown frequency bands, hardware modules need to be replaced to achieve effective interference.

[0025] To address the aforementioned issues, this application proposes a UAV communication link countermeasure system based on a Vivaldi antenna. The system determines the spectral signal of the UAV to be suppressed through a receiving unit response and generates an interference signal. The generated interference signal corresponds to the same interference frequency band as the real-time communication frequency band of the UAV to be suppressed, achieving targeted interference. In this process, a closed-loop control relationship is established between the scalable mechanical frame and the broadband interference components, along with the parameters of the interference signal from the UAV to be suppressed. The system automatically adjusts the number of unfolded surfaces and the adjustment angle to achieve a dynamic suppression effect with no blind spots.

[0026] The solutions in the embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0027] Example 1: like Figure 1 As shown, this application proposes a UAV communication link countermeasure system based on a Vivaldi antenna, comprising: An antenna array, comprising a signal receiving unit and a signal transmitting unit; wherein the antenna array is fixed in a scalable mechanical frame by at least two sets of staggered Vivaldi antenna elements; In this application, the receiving unit of the antenna array is used to collect electromagnetic waves generated during UAV communication and convert the electromagnetic wave signals into electrical signals. The transmitting unit is used to convert interfering electrical signals into electromagnetic wave radiation. Through bidirectional sensing, interference from the UAV to be suppressed is achieved.

[0028] In one embodiment, the Vivaldi antenna is a tapered slot antenna, with current distributed along the slot lines. Different operating frequencies correspond to different parts of the slot lines to receive or radiate electromagnetic signals. When current flows through the metal sheets, electric and magnetic fields interact between them. The involute arrangement allows electrical signals to propagate within the antenna at multiple frequency bands. The semi-circular stub and circular resonant cavity help achieve impedance matching within the bandwidth, thereby improving the antenna's radiation efficiency in the operating frequency band.

[0029] In one embodiment, the Vivaldi antenna array is staggered to reduce mutual coupling between array elements and prevent electromagnetic interference between adjacent antennas. Simultaneously, it improves the consistency of array orientation adjustment, enabling wider coverage of the UAV communication frequency band compared to a single antenna or parallel array during the transmission of UAV jamming signals. It also improves the directivity of the jamming signal, reduces energy dispersion, and leverages the wideband and high-gain characteristics of the Vivaldi antenna in this application.

[0030] In this application, the scalable mechanical frame achieves expansion of the number of arrays and adjustment of angles through an expandable structure. Adjacent arrays are connected by rotary joints to achieve expansion. Angle adjustment is achieved through sliding guide rails, physically changing the aperture size and orientation of the array. In actual implementation, the rotary joints are driven by servo motors, with a 45° pitch angle adjustment; the sliding guide rails achieve horizontal splicing of the arrays through lead screw transmission.

[0031] In one embodiment, based on a scalable mechanical framework, the system adapts to drone targets at different distances and orientations when performing drone suppression and interception. For example, small arrays are needed for close-range drones to reduce energy waste, while large arrays are needed for long-range drones to increase gain. Drones attacking from the side need to have their array angle adjusted to align with the target direction.

[0032] Wideband jamming component: used to respond to the spectrum signal of the UAV to be suppressed through the receiving unit and generate a first jamming signal; wherein the jamming frequency band corresponding to the first jamming signal is the same as the real-time communication frequency band of the UAV to be suppressed, and an expandable mechanical frame is used to respond to the first jamming signal and determine the number and angle of the deployed array.

[0033] In this application, the first interference signal is obtained by collecting parameters such as the frequency, bandwidth, and modulation method of the UAV communication signal, and generating a noise signal or a blocking signal with the same frequency band or modulation method based on digital signal processing (DSP), so as to enable precise frequency band interference.

[0034] The first interference signal corresponds to the same interference frequency band as the real-time communication frequency band of the drone to be suppressed. This is used to prevent the drone's communication frequency band from dynamically hopping. The interference component tracks the target frequency band in real time and adjusts the frequency of the interference signal to ensure that the interference signal overlaps with the target signal in the frequency domain. This prevents interference failure caused by frequency band mismatch, such as the drone hopping to a frequency band not covered by the interference component. It is particularly suitable for drones with countermeasure capabilities and anti-interference capabilities. The interference component analyzes the interference effect to determine whether the signal strength of the drone detected by the receiving unit has decreased. Then, the judgment result is fed back to the control unit. The control unit is used to control the antenna array and the broadband interference component. In turn, the control unit controls the mechanical frame to adjust the number of array surfaces, thereby changing the array gain and the transmission angle of the suppressed signal, thus changing the direction of the suppressed beam and achieving drone control without blind spots.

[0035] In one embodiment, when the antenna array is driven to suppress a rapidly approaching drone, the angle adjustment speed of the scalable mechanical frame cannot meet the suppression requirements, resulting in an angle deviation. In this case, the antenna array of this application, through its scalable structure, increases the number of unfolded array elements to achieve multi-angle suppression. In one embodiment, when the antenna array is driven to suppress a rapidly approaching drone to be suppressed, although the extended surface of the scalable mechanical frame increases the interference range, there are suppression blind spots on the upper or lower side of the extended surface because the angle cannot be adjusted. In this case, the antenna array of this application eliminates detection blind spots by adjusting the angle.

[0036] Example 2: This system, designed for expansion of the scalable mechanical frame to achieve large-angle measurement and multi-frequency band functions, adopts the following solution: The scalable mechanical frame has multiple extension surfaces, which are deployed in standardized slots. Vivaldi antenna elements are fixed in these standardized slots, and the extension surfaces are used for one-dimensional or two-dimensional splicing expansion.

[0037] In this application, the mechanical frame is divided into multiple independent extension surfaces, each of which is a modular panel structure in the shape of a rectangular plane. Each extension surface can be adjusted or spliced ​​together to form a larger array structure.

[0038] In one embodiment, the structure of the extended surface reduces the processing difficulty of the frame by setting a detachable extended surface during the damage or processing of the UAV communication link countermeasure system. At the same time, the detachable structure of the extended surface enables independent repair of individual damaged surfaces.

[0039] In this application, the extended surface is deployed with standardized slots, which allows the Vivaldi antenna element to be fixedly installed in an expandable mechanical frame, thereby being fixed in the slot by means of bolts, clips or welding.

[0040] In one embodiment, the Vivaldi antenna element has a threaded connection structure at its bottom or back that matches the slot, allowing for antenna positioning and fixation through the mechanical constraint of the slot. One-dimensional or two-dimensional splicing expansion is possible. One-dimensional splicing involves connecting the expansion surfaces end-to-end in the horizontal direction to form a linear array. Two-dimensional splicing involves simultaneously splicing the expansion surfaces in both the horizontal and vertical directions to form a planar array.

[0041] In one embodiment, the extended surface is made of aluminum alloy and the surface is anodized to improve corrosion resistance. The slots are distributed in a matrix along the edge and inside of the extended surface, and each extended surface includes 4*4 slots.

[0042] In one embodiment, the expansion surface includes two splicing expansion methods. One-dimensional expansion uses standardized slots with end faces for linear splicing via guide pins and quick-locking wrenches. Two-dimensional expansion uses 90° corner connectors to achieve planar matrix splicing under the built-in electrical adapter module and positioning holes. After splicing, the system automatically performs phase compensation using a phase parameter reference source built into the slot. During phase compensation, GPS timing with an accuracy of 1μs ensures phase consistency across multiple expansion surfaces. When performing two-dimensional expansion, the system automatically adjusts the beamforming algorithm according to the expansion scale, compensating for directional distortion caused by mechanical splicing by changing the phase weights of each antenna element.

[0043] In one embodiment, each slot on the extended surface is in close contact with a thermally conductive silicone pad via metal fins. When the antenna unit is working, the heat generated is conducted to the frame body, achieving natural convection heat dissipation.

[0044] In one embodiment, when multiple expansion surfaces are expanded, the coordinated transmission of multiple physical quantities is carried out through standardized slots. The expansion surfaces adopt a dynamic splicing mechanism as needed to change the array size and increase the angle and range of suppression of UAVs. After the expansion surface is completed, electronic calibration is automatically performed to achieve phase compensation. While improving the energy efficiency ratio, it also expands the countermeasure angle and countermeasure range of UAVs.

[0045] Example 3: The UAV communication link countermeasure system of this application, in the process of countering UAVs through broadband jamming components, mainly operates by determining the communication frequency band of the UAV to be suppressed, and then emitting the same jamming frequency band.

[0046] like Figure 2 As shown, the broadband jamming component includes a jamming signal receiving unit and a jamming generation unit; The interference signal receiving unit consists of a receiving antenna, a low-noise amplifier, and a tunable bandpass filter. The receiving antenna is a Vivaldi antenna element. In this application, the interference signal receiving unit and the interference generation unit are connected to a high-speed data bus to achieve real-time data interaction. The signal receiving unit has a three-level cascaded architecture. The front end is a receiving antenna using a Vivaldi antenna element to receive the communication signal of the UAV to be suppressed. The middle end uses a low-noise amplifier, which is connected to the Vivaldi antenna element to amplify the received communication signal of the UAV to be suppressed (because the distance of the UAV to be suppressed may be relatively far, a low-noise amplifier is used to amplify weak signals). The end uses a tunable bandpass filter, which is connected to the low-noise amplifier to achieve precise selection of the communication frequency band of the UAV to be suppressed.

[0047] In one embodiment, during the counter-drone process, the Vivaldi antenna element employs a gradient slot structure to provide wideband characteristics, covering the communication frequency bands commonly used by drones. The drone signals acquired by the receiving antenna are typically very weak. The LNA, through a low-noise-figure amplification circuit, amplifies the signal while minimizing its own noise superposition, avoiding spectral analysis errors caused by excessive noise. The center frequency and bandwidth of the tunable bandpass filter can be dynamically adjusted via electrical or mechanical tuning, allowing only signals in the target frequency band to pass through. This avoids wasted computational resources or misjudgments caused by receiving redundant signals from the wideband interference components.

[0048] The interference generation unit includes a wideband signal generator and a modulator, used to generate noise signals or frequency sweep signals; wherein, the wideband signal generator has a built-in first frequency divider, which is used to adjust the real-time frequency band of the wideband signal emitted by the wideband signal generator.

[0049] In this application, the first frequency divider is directly coupled to the local oscillator of the wideband signal generator. The frequency division ratio is dynamically adjusted based on the spectral characteristic data output by the receiving unit, achieving real-time adjustment of the interference signal frequency band and generating noise or sweep signals. During this process, the signal receiving unit and the interference generation unit form a closed-loop control link. The receiving unit captures the real-time communication frequency band of the UAV through a tunable bandpass filter, and transmits it to the interference generation unit after analog-to-digital conversion. The interference generation unit adjusts the output frequency of the wideband signal generator based on the received frequency band parameters, and the modulator generates noise or sweep interference signals, which are ultimately radiated through the transmitting antenna array to achieve real-time matching between the interference frequency band and the target frequency band.

[0050] In one embodiment, a broadband signal generator can generate a continuous wave signal covering a wide frequency band based on direct digital frequency synthesis or a phase-locked loop (PLL), the frequency and amplitude of which can be precisely adjusted digitally. A modulator can modulate the continuous wave signal output by the broadband signal generator into a noise signal or a swept-frequency signal (a swept-frequency signal whose frequency changes linearly with time), disrupting the demodulation process of the UAV communication link (in this process: the noise signal drowns out the useful signal, and the swept-frequency signal covers multiple channels of frequency-hopping communication). A frequency divider dynamically adjusts the real-time frequency band of the interference signal by dividing the output signal of the broadband signal generator, synchronizing it with the current communication frequency band of the UAV, preventing a mismatch between the broadband signal generator's output frequency band and the UAV's real-time communication frequency band.

[0051] In one embodiment, during the counter-jamming process of the drone to be suppressed, the communication frequency band of the drone to be suppressed is captured by a tunable bandpass filter using frequency hopping tracking. In this stage, the Vivaldi antenna uses a tapered slot line to distribute the current generated by the received communication frequency band of the drone to be suppressed along the slot line. Under different locations of the slot line corresponding to different frequencies, ultra-wideband signal reception is achieved. The received ultra-wideband signal is dynamically amplified by a low-noise amplifier with different low-noise figures for different signal strengths of the drone to be suppressed. The dynamically amplified signal is tuned by the MEMS capacitor array of the tunable bandpass filter, and the voltage is controlled to change the capacitance value to achieve frequency hopping tracking and determine the communication frequency band of the drone to be suppressed.

[0052] In one embodiment, during the counter-jamming process against a suppressed drone, an interference frequency band is output through the first frequency divider of the interference generation unit. At this stage, there are two possibilities: either the communication frequency band of the drone to be suppressed is already identified, or the communication frequency band of the drone to be suppressed cannot be determined. If the communication frequency band of the drone to be suppressed is already identified, an interference signal is directly emitted through the first frequency divider. The interference signal matches the communication frequency band of the drone to be suppressed. During this process, if there are changes in the communication frequency band of the drone to be suppressed or changes in signal strength, frequency hopping can be used to emit the interference signal, interfering with the effective signal received by the drone to be suppressed. If the communication frequency band of the drone to be suppressed cannot be determined, a frequency sweep signal is emitted to achieve full-band interference. The function of the first frequency divider is to perform rapid frequency division.

[0053] Example 4: The interference generation unit receives the spectrum signal of the UAV to be suppressed, and adjusts the fundamental frequency of the output signal through the first frequency divider so that the output frequency band of the broadband signal generator covers the spectrum signal of the UAV to be suppressed. In this application, the interference generation unit and the signal receiving unit interact in real time through a high-speed data interface to receive the spectrum signal of the UAV to be suppressed. The spectrum signal undergoes an analog-to-digital conversion process. By extracting the center frequency, bandwidth, frequency hopping interval, and frequency variation characteristics, the signal is transmitted to the control center of the first frequency divider to achieve spectrum signal analysis of the UAV to be suppressed.

[0054] During spectrum signal analysis, the broadband signal generator adjusts the division ratio and response time to ensure that its output frequency band covers the spectrum of the UAV to be suppressed. The original signal output from the broadband signal generator is frequency-divided by the first frequency divider, and the fundamental frequency is dynamically adjusted so that the final output interference frequency band completely overlaps with the UAV's current communication frequency band.

[0055] And based on the protocol characteristics of the UAV to be suppressed, the type of interference signal is determined: where, If the target drone uses a frequency hopping communication protocol, the modulator generates a frequency sweep signal; If the target drone uses a fixed-frequency communication protocol, the modulator generates a noise signal.

[0056] In this application, protocol characteristics can be identified after the spectral signal of the UAV to be suppressed. It integrates an FPGA chip for determining the protocol type of the parameters.

[0057] In one embodiment, the frequency-hopping communication protocol interferes with the target drone by rapidly switching its communication frequency during the countermeasure process. The frequency sweep signal can be a linear sweep signal covering multiple channels of the frequency hopping, and the sweep range covers all frequency bands, including the frequency band of the target drone, increasing the probability of interference. During the interference process, if the interference effect of a certain frequency band is found to be better, the frequency band with the best interference effect can be used as the fixed-frequency interference signal. Therefore, in the process of determining the interference signal, the frequency hopping communication protocol identifies different protocol types based on the frequency hopping period, the number of hopping frequencies, and the randomness of the hopping sequence, and implements frequency hopping accordingly.

[0058] In one embodiment, a fixed-frequency communication protocol causes the UAV to communicate on a single frequency, where noise signals (wideband random signals) can overwhelm the useful signal and disrupt the demodulation process. Therefore, for fixed-frequency communication protocols, protocol identification is performed based on center frequency stability and bandwidth fluctuations, and Gaussian white noise signals are generated to achieve interference, thus achieving precise interference based on the fixed-frequency interference band.

[0059] In one embodiment, the fundamental frequency adjustment principle of the first frequency divider is to lock the reference frequency with the divided output frequency through the phase comparator of the phase-locked loop. When the center frequency of the spectrum signal of the UAV to be suppressed changes, the control module updates the division ratio in real time, tracks the change of the output center frequency, and provides feedback based on the change to determine the interference effect.

[0060] In one embodiment, this application can automatically interfere with dynamic spectrum signals based on the frequency division adjustment and dynamic protocol identification results.

[0061] Example 5: In order to make the interference signal timely, the input end of the broadband interference component and the output end of the antenna array of this application are also connected to a signal processing module; The signal processing module consists of an analog-to-digital converter, a multi-core DSP processor, and a protocol feature database. The protocol feature database is used to store the time and frequency characteristic parameters of the UAV's remote control, image transmission, and navigation signals.

[0062] In this application, the signal processing module acts as the signal hub between the broadband jamming component and the antenna array. It realizes bidirectional data transmission through a high-speed differential interface. Uplink, it receives the analog spectrum signal output by the antenna array, and downlink, it sends the processed digital characteristic parameters to the broadband jamming component to capture weak UAV signals.

[0063] In this application, the UAV communication signals acquired by the antenna array are output to the signal processing module via a transmission line. After signal preprocessing, the signals are then input to the broadband interference component.

[0064] An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) converts the analog electrical signals, such as continuous time and continuous amplitude, output from the antenna array into digital signals, preserving the time-frequency characteristics of the original signal through sampling and quantization. A DSP processor executes digital signal processing algorithms to analyze the digital signal output from the ADC in real time, extracting its time-frequency characteristics such as frequency, bandwidth, and modulation scheme.

[0065] The database pre-stores time-frequency parameters for remote control, image transmission, and navigation signals of common UAV models. In actual implementation, remote control signal parameters include frequency hopping period, frequency modulation frequency, and symbol rate. Image transmission signal parameters include center frequency, bandwidth, and frame structure. Navigation signal parameters include pseudocode rate, carrier frequency, and data rate.

[0066] In one embodiment, after receiving the signal from the UAV to be suppressed, the system generates a digitized signal via an analog-to-digital converter. Then, under the action of a multi-core DSP processor, parallel spectrum analysis is performed to determine parameters such as the center frequency, bandwidth, and power spectral density of the digitized signal. These parameters are then compared using a protocol feature database. During the parameter comparison process, the parameters of the digitized signal are matched using a graph feature matching method. When the matching result is consistent, the signal is directly transmitted to a broadband jamming component to dynamically adjust the parameters of the jamming signal. This allows for self-feedback jamming during the countermeasure process. The entire processing link does not necessarily require resolving the processing time delay of the UAV signal to be suppressed; instead, it achieves adaptive countermeasures based on identical features.

[0067] In one embodiment, during the analog-to-digital conversion process, the analog-to-digital converter ensures that no aliasing sampling occurs when receiving signals from the UAV to be suppressed. Then, under the parallel processing of the DSP, high-speed reading and writing of the distributed protocol feature database is achieved. Through the parallel processing of the analog-to-digital converter and the signal, electromagnetic interference between different signals received by the antenna unit, i.e., between different extension surfaces, is prevented, and the signals between the extension surfaces are separated.

[0068] Example 6: When the receiving unit responds to the spectrum signal of the UAV to be suppressed, it also includes: The received spectrum signal is input into a low-noise amplifier for primary amplification, and the amplified signal is then fed into a tunable bandpass filter for preliminary filtering to generate the first signal. In this application, when the receiving unit responds to the spectral signal of the drone to be suppressed and determines the spectral signal, it amplifies the input spectral signal through a low-noise amplifier. During the amplification process, temperature compensation is typically performed using a bias circuit. The amplified signal is then continuously adjusted through a tunable bandpass filter. During this process, the MEMS capacitor array tuning mechanism of the tunable bandpass filter is used to continuously adjust the spectrum and dynamically track the spectrum with a multi-core DSP processor to determine the initial filtered first signal of the drone to be suppressed.

[0069] In this application, the low-noise amplifier amplifies weak received signals while minimizing its own noise superposition through a low-noise-figure amplification circuit; the tunable bandpass filter (TBPF) dynamically adjusts the passband range through electrical tuning (varactor diode), allowing only signals in the UAV communication frequency band to pass through, while filtering out noise from other frequency bands (such as Bluetooth and Wi-Fi signals).

[0070] In one embodiment, during the low-noise amplification process of capturing the drone signal to be suppressed using a tunable bandpass filter, a two-dimensional electron gas amplification with high mobility and low noise characteristics is achieved through a low-noise amplifier. Then, based on a MEMS capacitor array, a voltage is applied to change the capacitance value, thereby adjusting the resonant frequency, forming a cooperative impedance matching network to reduce losses while suppressing drone signal capture.

[0071] After the first signal is converted into the target digital signal by the analog-to-digital converter, the multi-core DSP processor calls the time-frequency feature parameters stored in the protocol feature database to perform time-frequency analysis and feature matching with the target digital signal. In this application, the conditioned first signal is converted into a target digital signal by an analog-to-digital converter, and the target digital signal acquires the communication signal of the UAV to be suppressed. Parallel processing of time-frequency analysis and feature matching is performed through the parallel channels of a multi-core DSP processor to extract and match the time-frequency features of the spectral signal (communication signal) of the UAV to be suppressed.

[0072] In this application, the ADC converts the analog signal into a digital signal (discrete time, discrete amplitude) through sampling and quantization, while retaining the time-frequency characteristics of the original signal (such as frequency, bandwidth, and modulation method); the multi-core DSP processor executes the time-frequency analysis algorithm in parallel and matches the extracted real-time features with templates in the protocol feature database.

[0073] In one embodiment, during parallel processing, the multi-core DSP processor allocates one channel for time-frequency analysis, one channel for feature extraction, and one channel for database matching, with each channel having its own independent processing core. Results from different channels can be used interchangeably. Therefore, when determining the spectral signal of the UAV to be suppressed, multiple signals can be processed simultaneously. These multiple signals directly generate interference signals, and they can mutually verify and coordinate with each other, improving the interference signal analysis rate and the countermeasure signal generation rate.

[0074] If the characteristic parameters of the UAV to be suppressed are matched, the multi-core DSP processor extracts the real-time communication frequency band of the UAV to be suppressed and generates a first control command including a first interference signal. The first control command includes an instruction to deploy the expandable mechanical frame.

[0075] In this application, after successful feature matching, the real-time communication frequency band of the UAV to be suppressed is extracted by a multi-core DSP processor, and a first control command is generated. The first control command is used to output interference signal parameters of a first interference signal to generate the first interference signal, and to generate a command to deploy the scalable mechanical frame. The first control command is then transmitted to the broadband interference component and the mechanical control unit to achieve the output.

[0076] In this application, after successful matching, the DSP processor extracts the real-time communication frequency band of the UAV, generates a first interference signal (such as a noise signal or a frequency sweep signal), and at the same time generates an expansion command for the expandable mechanical frame (such as one-dimensional expansion to four expansion surfaces), which is sent to the drive module (stepper motor controller) of the mechanical frame via the control bus (SPI).

[0077] In one embodiment, the time-frequency parameters stored in the protocol feature database are dynamically calibrated with a tolerance threshold. During matching, the cosine similarity between the input signal vector and the template vector in the database is calculated to determine a successful match, thus generating a UAV suppression signal. The generated suppression signal is consistent with the UAV's communication signal in the time domain, preventing errors in the acquisition of the UAV's spectrum signal. Furthermore, the suppression signal is generated directly based on feature matching, rather than by completely parsing the UAV's signal, thereby improving the UAV suppression efficiency.

[0078] Example 7: The unfolding command includes the number of unfolded surfaces and the unfolding angle; In this application, the deployment command is used to output signals indicating the number of deployed extension surfaces and the deployment angle of each surface. The key process is as follows: the DSP processor calculates the optimal number of extension surfaces and angles based on the UAV's real-time communication frequency band and interference requirements using an algorithm, generating a deployment command containing these two parameters. The mechanical frame's deployment mechanism (such as a stepper motor-driven guide rail) only activates when the target number of extension surfaces is greater than the current number (e.g., if the first two extension surfaces are present, it triggers if the target has four; otherwise, it does not trigger if the target has two), and the current number of extension surfaces is monitored in real-time by sensors (position encoders).

[0079] In one embodiment, during the feedback signal generation process, the multi-core DSP processor monitors the working status of the deployed extended surfaces in real time. When the number of extended surfaces to be expanded exceeds the number of currently expanded surfaces, the backup extended surface with the best status is prioritized. Control commands containing the extended surface ID and splicing dimension (one-dimensional / two-dimensional) are sent via the CAN bus to achieve a second-level expansion response.

[0080] If the number of expanded surfaces exceeds the number of currently deployed expanded surfaces, the expansion mechanism of the mechanical frame is triggered to expand and fix the spare expanded surfaces through one-dimensional or two-dimensional splicing. In this application, when the number of expansion surfaces to be deployed in the instruction exceeds the number of currently deployed expansion surfaces, the DSP processor sends a trigger signal to the mechanical control unit via the CAN bus to activate the expansion mechanism. The expansion operation is then performed through the pushing device and guiding positioning device of each expansion surface. The guiding positioning device includes a cross rail. During the expansion process, one-dimensional splicing uses a linear guide rail and an electromagnetic positioning pin in conjunction, with a double-rail slider installed at the bottom of the expansion surface to achieve splicing positioning. Two-dimensional expansion splicing adds a pitch adjustment joint to the one-dimensional structure, enabling rotation around a horizontal axis and increasing the deployment angle. Simultaneously, torque sensors are integrated at the joints of the expansion surfaces to detect stress during splicing. One-dimensional splicing represents the linear deployment of the spare expansion surfaces along a single direction (e.g., horizontal) (e.g., splicing sequentially from left to right), suitable for scenarios requiring increased antenna array length (increasing horizontal gain); two-dimensional splicing represents the simultaneous deployment of the spare expansion surfaces in both horizontal and vertical directions (e.g., forming a rectangular array), suitable for scenarios requiring increased antenna aperture (increasing three-dimensional spatial gain).

[0081] In one embodiment, during the one-dimensional / two-dimensional splicing process, one-dimensional splicing is achieved through linear expansion, requiring only parallel guidance from the guide rails. Two-dimensional splicing, on the other hand, adds a pitch joint to the one-dimensional splicing. Through worm gear transmission and torque sensor feedback, the joint preload is adjusted in real time, achieving angle expansion even under structural deformation, thus realizing beamforming against broadband interference.

[0082] Once the spare extension surfaces are unfolded and fixed, the angle between each extension surface and the horizontal plane is determined based on the unfolding angle.

[0083] In this application, after the extended surface is fully deployed, a multi-stage fixing process is triggered. This includes electromagnetic locking, mechanical pin locking, or vacuum adsorption locking—a triple fixing method to ensure the extended surface does not vibrate. Regarding the control of the number of extended surfaces, after the extended surfaces are fixed, the DSP drives the motor of each extended surface according to the mapping relationship between the target frequency band and the deployment angle, adjusting the angle with the horizontal plane. During the adjustment process, a tilt sensor provides real-time feedback, achieving closed-loop control. After deployment and fixing, the angle between each extended surface and the horizontal plane is determined based on the deployment angle. This means that each extended surface of the mechanical frame adjusts its angle with the horizontal plane through an angle adjustment mechanism; the angle value is calculated by the DSP processor based on the UAV's flight altitude and the direction of the communication link.

[0084] In one embodiment, during the unfolding and fixing process, one-dimensional linear splicing preferably uses electromagnetic locking, while two-dimensional splicing employs mechanical pins and vacuum adsorption to form redundant fixing, achieving triple unfolding and fixing. This results in more precise angle control and faster switching of the target frequency band for directional gain.

[0085] Example 8: The power module includes a first AC conversion circuit, a constant current loop unit, and a first MOSFET; In this application, the dynamic current regulation of the power module is mainly achieved by suppressing conducted interference through the first AC conversion circuit, adjusting the target current through the constant current loop power supply, and controlling the conduction of the first MOSFET so that the wideband interference component obtains the communication frequency band of the UAV to be suppressed, and sends the frequency band code to the constant current loop unit through the SPI interface. The constant current loop queries the mapping table to determine the target current and generates a reference voltage so that the actual current of the interference signal matches the target current, thereby achieving suppression and enabling the output of interference signals for frequency hopping signals.

[0086] In one embodiment, the first AC conversion circuit converts external AC power into stable DC power, and provides a clean DC power supply to the subsequent constant current loop unit through rectification (such as bridge rectification), filtering (such as capacitor filtering) and voltage regulation (such as three-terminal regulator) circuits.

[0087] The constant current loop unit is connected to the output of the first AC conversion circuit, and the other input of the constant current loop unit is connected to the wideband interference component, and the target current of the interference frequency band corresponding to the first interference signal is determined. In this application, the first AC conversion circuit adopts a flyback topology, and the rectified DC power is isolated and stepped down by a high-frequency transformer. The PWM controller adjusts the duty cycle, and the output terminal integrates a common-mode inductor and capacitor to suppress conducted interference. The main input terminal of the constant current loop unit is connected to the power supply output terminal of the first AC conversion circuit, and the other input terminal receives the interference frequency band signal of the broadband interference component through the SPI interface. By using a pre-stored frequency band and current mapping table, the target interference current is determined, and a current adjustment signal is output.

[0088] In one embodiment, the constant current loop unit receives two signals at its input: the DC output of the first AC conversion circuit serves as the power supply; the wideband interference component outputs an interference frequency band signal, which has a mapping relationship with the interference frequency band (e.g., the higher the voltage, the greater the current required for the corresponding frequency band). Internally, the actual input current of the antenna array is sampled through a current sensing resistor and compared with the target current. The output voltage is adjusted through a proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm to ensure that the actual current tracks the target current, thus preventing power fluctuations caused by impedance changes.

[0089] The output of the constant current loop unit is connected to the power supply of the antenna array through the source of the first MOS transistor, and the input current of the antenna array is controlled to be the target current.

[0090] In this application, the source of the first MOSFET is connected to the output of the constant current loop unit, and the drain is connected to the power supply of the antenna array through an LC filter circuit. The gate receives the PWM drive signal from the constant current loop and adjusts the conduction level in real time through closed-loop feedback to ensure that the input current of the antenna array is stable at the target current value.

[0091] In one embodiment, the first MOSFET serves as the current-controlled actuator, with its source connected to the antenna array power supply terminal, its drain connected to the output terminal of the constant current loop unit, and its gate receiving the control voltage from the constant current loop unit. By adjusting the gate voltage, the on-resistance of the MOSFET is changed, thereby adjusting the input current of the antenna array.

[0092] In one embodiment, the constant current loop unit uses the interference frequency band signal output by the wideband interference component as an input variable. It converts the radio frequency parameters into power control parameters through a pre-stored mapping table. Based on the active adjustment of the constant current loop, the current and frequency band are bound together to achieve a stable output of the interference signal, i.e., the countermeasure signal. In this process, the first MOSFET acts as a power regulation element. It dynamically adjusts the on-resistance through the duty cycle of the gate PWM signal and forms a current closed-loop feedback with the sampling resistor. During the switching of the interference frequency band, the current quickly tracks the target value to achieve dynamic real-time current regulation.

[0093] Example 9: The constant current loop unit converts external AC power into stable DC power through the first AC conversion circuit, and inputs the stable DC power into the current control terminal of the constant current loop unit; In this application, external AC power is processed by a first AC conversion circuit. Under a flyback topology, the duty cycle is adjusted by a PWM controller to output stable DC power. This stable DC power is then passed through the current control terminal of the constant current loop unit to achieve a stable current output, reducing losses and ensuring current stability. The constant current loop unit receives the target current command from the broadband interference component via an SPI interface. The MCU converts the target current into a reference voltage, compares it with the feedback voltage of the sampling resistor, amplifies it by an error amplifier, and generates a PWM control signal. This control signal is transmitted to the gate of the first MOS transistor through an optocoupler for electrical isolation.

[0094] In one embodiment, external alternating current (AC) is converted into stable direct current (DC) via a first AC conversion circuit (including a rectifier bridge, filter capacitor, and voltage regulator chip). The rectifier bridge converts the AC to pulsating DC, the filter capacitor smooths the voltage ripple, and the voltage regulator chip adjusts the output voltage through negative feedback to offset the effects of input voltage fluctuations. The controller inside the constant current loop unit generates a control signal proportional to the target current through a current-to-voltage conversion circuit (such as an I / V converter).

[0095] In one embodiment, the AC conversion output is directly connected to the constant current loop current control terminal. Through synchronous timing control, the response time is shortened, and frequency hopping interference can be achieved.

[0096] In one embodiment, the constant current loop unit outputs a feedback link for regulating the PWM signal through a reference voltage, sampling feedback, and error amplification, achieving a linear mapping between the MOSFET's duty cycle and the target current. This allows for automatic response to current changes when the input voltage fluctuates or the antenna unit's impedance changes, with automatic feedback adjustment ensuring stability.

[0097] A current control signal is generated based on the target current and transmitted to the gate of the first MOS transistor. By adjusting the duty cycle of the first MOS transistor, the current flowing through the source of the first MOS transistor is stabilized to the target current. The stabilized current is then transmitted to each Vivaldi antenna element of the antenna array through the power supply line.

[0098] In this application, the first MOSFET is an N-channel power MOSFET. After receiving the PWM signal at its gate, the conduction level is adjusted by the gate drive circuit. When the target current changes, the PWM duty cycle increases or decreases linearly, the on-resistance of the MOSFET decreases, and the source current is corrected in real time through closed-loop feedback to adjust the overshoot and stabilize the current. The stabilized target current is then transmitted to each Vivaldi antenna element of the antenna array through a multi-branch power supply line to achieve the output of the countermeasure signal.

[0099] In one embodiment, a control signal is transmitted to the gate of the first MOSFET via a drive circuit (gate driver) to adjust the MOSFET's conduction state. The MOSFET's duty cycle (D) refers to the ratio of its on-time to the total cycle in one switching cycle. The constant current loop unit adjusts D via the control signal (e.g., increasing D to improve the average current when the target current increases), utilizing the MOSFET's switching characteristics (resistance close to 0 when on and extremely high when off) to chop the stable DC current into pulsating DC. After smoothing through the output filter inductor, a stable DC current with an average current equal to the target current is obtained. The power supply line (e.g., a multi-core shielded cable) distributes the stable current output by the constant current loop unit to each Vivaldi antenna element in the antenna array. Impedance matching must be considered in the circuit design to avoid voltage drop due to line impedance during current transmission, which would affect the consistency of the element current and ensure the beamforming accuracy of the antenna array.

[0100] Example 10: like Figure 3 As shown, the broadband interference component also includes a monitoring component, which is used to collect the antenna status of the antenna array under the first interference signal. If more than a threshold number of antenna elements in any extension surface of the scalable mechanical frame are detected to be in a fault state, the extension surface is marked as a fault surface and a fault alarm signal is generated. The scalable mechanical frame is an actuator. The signal processing module generates angle adjustment commands for the extension surfaces adjacent to the fault surface, and the scalable mechanical frame performs the adjustment operation according to the commands.

[0101] In this application, the monitoring component collects the antenna status of the antenna array in real time. By pre-storing an antenna element layout mapping table for each extension surface and setting an element fault threshold, it determines extension surface faults. It also records the number of faults on each extension surface and sends a fault alarm signal to the mechanical frame controller via the CAN bus. The scalable mechanical frame of this application adopts a multi-extension-surface modular design, with each extension surface controlled by an independent motor. Upon receiving a fault alarm signal, it adjusts adjacent extension surfaces through the linkage between the faulty surface and its adjacent surfaces.

[0102] In one embodiment, the monitoring component acquires signals in real time using sensors integrated on the antenna unit. For example, a VSWR sensor detects the ratio of reflected power to incident power via a directional coupler, and a power detection chip converts radio frequency power into a voltage signal via a logarithmic amplifier. The monitoring component transmits the acquired antenna status data to a controller, which compares the data with a preset threshold. If the number of faulty units within a certain extension surface exceeds the threshold, the extension surface is marked as a faulty surface, and a fault alarm signal is generated via a communication module. A scalable mechanical frame responds to the fault alarm signal and generates angle adjustment operations for adjacent extension surfaces of the faulty surface. When the angle adjustment operation is performed, and the interference range of the UAV to be suppressed differs from the expected interference range, the redundant expansion mechanism of the scalable mechanical frame is triggered.

[0103] In this application, after angle adjustment, the monitoring component assesses the interference range by real-time acquisition of the effective radiated power of the interference signal. If the adjusted interference range does not match the expected value, a redundancy extension mechanism is triggered. The controller sends an unlocking command to the redundancy extension surface; the redundancy surface unfolds to a preset angle via a synchronous belt drive mechanism; the broadband interference component synchronizes the interference signal parameters of the faulty surface to the redundancy surface, achieving seamless connection of the interference range.

[0104] In one embodiment, after receiving a fault alarm signal, the drive module of the expandable mechanical frame calculates the adjustment angle (e.g., from the original 30° to 45°) of its adjacent expandable surfaces (e.g., expandable surfaces B and C) based on the location of the faulty surface (e.g., expandable surface A). The adjustment is achieved through a rotary hinge (a rotating shaft driven by a stepper motor), and the angle value is determined by the controller based on the simulation results of the antenna array pattern. After the angle is adjusted, the monitoring component compares the actual interference range (e.g., determined by the signal strength attenuation value of the UAV communication link) with the expected range. If the deviation exceeds a threshold, the controller triggers a redundant expansion mechanism: it calls the expansion mechanism of the mechanical frame (e.g., an electric push rod) to unfold a spare expandable surface, fixes it through one-dimensional / two-dimensional splicing, recalculates the antenna array pattern, and restores the expected interference range.

[0105] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A UAV communication link countermeasure system based on a Vivaldi antenna, characterized in that, include: An antenna array, comprising a signal receiving unit and a signal transmitting unit; wherein the antenna array is fixed in a scalable mechanical frame by at least two sets of staggered Vivaldi antenna elements; A wideband jamming component is used to respond to the spectrum signal of the UAV to be suppressed through the receiving unit and generate a first jamming signal; wherein the jamming frequency band corresponding to the first jamming signal is the same as the real-time communication frequency band of the UAV to be suppressed, and an expandable mechanical frame is used to respond to the first jamming signal and perform adjustments to the number and angle of the unfolded array of the expandable mechanical frame. The power supply terminals of the antenna array and broadband interference components are electrically connected to the power module.

2. The UAV communication link countermeasure system based on a Vivaldi antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The scalable mechanical frame has multiple expansion surfaces, with standardized slots deployed on the expansion surfaces. Vivaldi antenna elements are fixed through these standardized slots, and the expansion surfaces are used for one-dimensional or two-dimensional splicing expansion.

3. The UAV communication link countermeasure system based on a Vivaldi antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The broadband jamming component includes a jamming signal receiving unit and a jamming generation unit; The interference signal receiving unit consists of a receiving antenna, a low-noise amplifier, and a tunable bandpass filter. The receiving antenna is a Vivaldi antenna unit. The interference generation unit includes a wideband signal generator and a modulator, used to generate noise signals or frequency sweep signals; wherein, the wideband signal generator has a built-in first frequency divider, which is used to adjust the real-time frequency band of the wideband signal emitted by the wideband signal generator.

4. The UAV communication link countermeasure system based on a Vivaldi antenna as described in claim 3, characterized in that, When the interference generation unit receives the spectrum signal of the UAV to be suppressed, it adjusts the base frequency of the output signal through the first frequency divider so that the output frequency band of the broadband signal generator covers the spectrum signal of the UAV to be suppressed. And based on the protocol characteristics of the UAV to be suppressed, the type of interference signal is determined: where, If the target drone uses a frequency hopping communication protocol, the modulator generates a frequency sweep signal; If the target drone uses a fixed-frequency communication protocol, the modulator generates a noise signal.

5. A UAV communication link countermeasure system based on a Vivaldi antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The input terminal of the broadband interference component and the output terminal of the antenna array are also connected to a signal processing module; The signal processing module consists of an analog-to-digital converter, a multi-core DSP processor, and a protocol feature database. The protocol feature database is used to store the time and frequency characteristic parameters of the UAV's remote control, image transmission, and navigation signals.

6. The UAV communication link countermeasure system based on a Vivaldi antenna as described in claim 5, characterized in that, When the receiving unit responds to the spectrum signal of the UAV to be suppressed, it further includes: The received spectrum signal is input into a low-noise amplifier for primary amplification, and the amplified signal is then fed into a tunable bandpass filter for preliminary filtering to generate the first signal. After the first signal is converted into the target digital signal by the analog-to-digital converter, the multi-core DSP processor calls the time-frequency feature parameters stored in the protocol feature database to perform time-frequency analysis and feature matching with the target digital signal. If the characteristic parameters of the UAV to be suppressed are matched, the DSP processor extracts the real-time communication frequency band of the UAV to be suppressed and generates a first control command including a first interference signal. The first control command includes an instruction for the expansion of the expandable mechanical frame.

7. A UAV communication link countermeasure system based on a Vivaldi antenna as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The unfolding command includes the number of unfolded surfaces and the unfolding angle; If the number of expanded surfaces exceeds the number of currently deployed expanded surfaces, the expansion mechanism of the mechanical frame is triggered to expand and fix the spare expanded surfaces through one-dimensional or two-dimensional splicing. Once the spare extension surfaces are unfolded and fixed, the angle between each extension surface and the horizontal plane is determined based on the unfolding angle.

8. A UAV communication link countermeasure system based on a Vivaldi antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The power module includes a first AC conversion circuit, a constant current loop unit, and a first MOSFET. The constant current loop unit is connected to the output of the first AC conversion circuit, and the other input of the constant current loop unit is connected to the wideband interference component, and the target current of the interference frequency band corresponding to the first interference signal is determined. The output terminal of the constant current loop unit is connected to the power supply terminal of the antenna array through the source of the first MOSFET, so that the input current of the antenna array is the target current.

9. A UAV communication link countermeasure system based on a Vivaldi antenna as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The constant current ring unit converts external AC power into stable DC power through the first AC conversion circuit, and inputs the stable DC power into the current control terminal of the constant current ring unit; A current control signal is generated based on the target current and transmitted to the gate of the first MOS transistor. By adjusting the duty cycle of the first MOS transistor, the current flowing through the source of the first MOS transistor is stabilized to the target current. The stabilized current is then transmitted to each Vivaldi antenna element of the antenna array through the power supply line.

10. A UAV communication link countermeasure system based on a Vivaldi antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The wideband interference component also includes a monitoring component, which is used to collect the antenna status of the antenna array under the first interference signal. If more than a threshold number of antenna elements in any extension surface of the scalable mechanical frame are detected to be in a fault state, the extension surface is marked as a fault surface and a fault alarm signal is generated. The scalable mechanical frame responds to fault alarm signals and generates angle adjustment operations for adjacent extended surfaces of the faulty surface. When the angle adjustment operation is performed and the interference range of the UAV to be suppressed is different from the expected interference range, the redundant extension mechanism of the scalable mechanical frame is triggered.

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