Non-contact power supply system during travel, power supply device, and power reception device

Abstract

The purpose of the present invention is to achieve both safety and efficiency at the time of restarting a power transmission process after a power failure by identifying a method for restarting a road-side power supply device after the power failure in the road-side power supply device. A non-contact power supply system while traveling, which supplies power in a non-contact manner from a road-side power supply device to a vehicle while traveling on which a vehicle-side power receiving device is mounted, is characterized in that the road-side power supply device is provided with: a first communication device capable of performing wide area wireless communication with the vehicle-side power receiving device; a second communication device capable of performing narrow-range wireless communication with the vehicle-side power receiving device; and an abnormality determination unit that determines an abnormality in the road-side power supply device, and performs a predetermined operation in the road-side power supply device when the abnormality determination unit determines that the abnormality has occurred.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to a non-contact power supply system for vehicles, a power supply device, and a power receiving device. Background Technology

[0002] Patent document 1 discloses the following technology: when an abnormality is detected in the receiving device or the transmitting device, after temporarily stopping the charging, the charging process is carried out to restart the charging process after a first time has elapsed since the abnormality was detected.

[0003] Existing technical documents

[0004] Patent documents

[0005] Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2016-092978 Summary of the Invention

[0006] The problem that the invention aims to solve

[0007] In the case of power supply during operation, in the roadside power supply device that supplies power to the vehicle from the roadside, if the roadside power supply device loses power due to an anomaly or the power supply to the roadside power supply device is interrupted in accordance with the anomaly, the method for restarting after the power outage is unclear. There is room for improvement in how to perform the restart procedure after a power outage, such as when a power outage occurs or when the drive power is stopped.

[0008] This disclosure was made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to provide a non-contact power supply system, power supply device and power receiving device in motion that can balance the safety and efficiency of restarting the power transmission process after a power outage by specifying the restart method of the roadside power supply device.

[0009] Methods for solving problems

[0010] To address the aforementioned issues and achieve the objectives, the present disclosure discloses a non-contact power supply system for driving, which supplies power from a roadside power supply device to a moving vehicle equipped with a vehicle-side power receiving device in a non-contact manner. The roadside power supply device includes: a first communication device capable of performing wide-area wireless communication with the vehicle-side power receiving device; a second communication device capable of performing narrow-area wireless communication with the vehicle-side power receiving device; and an anomaly determination unit that determines an anomaly in the roadside power supply device and, if the anomaly determination unit determines that an anomaly has occurred, performs a predetermined action in the roadside power supply device.

[0011] The power supply device disclosed herein supplies power to a moving vehicle equipped with a vehicle-side power receiving device in a non-contact manner. The power supply device includes: a first communication device capable of performing wide-area wireless communication with the vehicle-side power receiving device; a second communication device capable of performing narrow-area wireless communication with the vehicle-side power receiving device; and an anomaly determination unit that determines an anomaly and, if the anomaly determination unit determines that an anomaly has occurred, performs a predetermined action.

[0012] The power receiving device disclosed herein can be mounted on a vehicle, wherein the power receiving device is configured to receive power from a roadside power supply device without contact and while the vehicle is in motion, the roadside power supply device comprising: a first communication device capable of performing wide-area wireless communication with the power receiving device; a second communication device capable of performing narrow-area wireless communication with the power receiving device; and an anomaly determination unit for determining an anomaly in the roadside power supply device, the roadside power supply device being configured to perform a predetermined action when the anomaly determination unit determines that an anomaly has occurred.

[0013] Invention Effects

[0014] The non-contact power supply system, power supply device, and power receiving device disclosed herein, by specifying the restart method of the roadside power supply device after a power outage, can balance the safety and efficiency of restarting the power transmission process after a power outage. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the wireless power transmission system in the implementation method.

[0016] Figure 2 It is a diagram showing the overall structure of a wireless power transmission system.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram used to illustrate wide-area wireless communication in a wireless power transmission system.

[0018] Figure 4 This is a block diagram used to illustrate the functional structure of the power supply ECU.

[0019] Figure 5 It is a block diagram used to illustrate the functional structure of a vehicle's ECU.

[0020] Figure 6 It is a diagram used to illustrate the process of power transmission.

[0021] Figure 7 This is a timing diagram showing a situation where wide-area wireless communication is used between the vehicle and the supply unit.

[0022] Figure 8It is a timing diagram showing the actions after the power supply from the supply device to the vehicle during its movement ends.

[0023] Figure 9 This is a flowchart illustrating an example of anomaly detection control in a wireless power transmission system.

[0024] Figure 10 This is a flowchart illustrating an example of a monitoring method used to detect anomalies.

[0025] Figure 11 It is a flowchart used to illustrate the specified process. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The following describes an embodiment of the contactless power supply system for vehicles involved in this disclosure. It should be noted that this disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described below. First, the wireless power transmission system in the embodiments of this disclosure will be specifically described.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the wireless power transfer system in the embodiment. The Wireless Power Transfer System 1 is a contactless power supply system in motion, comprising a supply device 2 and a vehicle 3, and supplying power from the supply device 2 to the vehicle 3 in motion. The supply device 2 is a device that supplies power to the vehicle 3 in a contactless manner. The vehicle 3 is an electric vehicle capable of charging from an external power source, such as a battery electric vehicle (BEV) or a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV).

[0028] The wireless power transmission system 1 transmits power from the supply device 2 to the vehicle 3 via magnetic field resonant coupling (magnetic resonance). The wireless power transmission system 1 transmits power non-contactly from the supply device 2 to the vehicle 3 traveling on the road 4. That is, the wireless power transmission system 1 transmits power via magnetic field resonance, using magnetic field resonant coupling (magnetic resonance) to supply power to the vehicle 3 while it is in motion. The wireless power transmission system 1 can be implemented as a dynamic wireless power transmission (D-WPT) system or a magnetic field dynamic wireless power transmission (MF-D-WPT) system.

[0029] The supply device 2 includes a supply unit 5 and an AC power source 6 that supplies power to the supply unit 5. The supply unit 5 transmits power from the AC power source 6 to the vehicle 3 in a contactless manner. The AC power source 6 is, for example, a commercial power source. The supply unit 5 includes a power transmission device 10 with a primary coil 11.

[0030] The supply device 5, serving as a roadside power supply unit, includes a segment 7 containing a primary coil 11 and a management device 8 for managing the segment 7. The segment 7 is embedded within the lane of road 4. The management device 8 is located on the roadside of road 4. The segment 7 is electrically connected to the management device 8. The management device 8 is electrically connected to an AC power source 6, supplying power from the AC power source 6 to the segment 7. The segment 7 is electrically connected to the AC power source 6 via the management device 8. Multiple segments 7 can be configured along the lanes of road 4. For example, as... Figure 1 As shown, the supply device 5 includes three sections 7 arranged along the lanes within the road 4 and a management device 8 connecting the three sections 7. The sections 7 have the function of transmitting power from the supply device 5 to the vehicle 3 in a contactless manner. The management device 8 has the function of controlling the wireless power transmission within the sections 7.

[0031] Vehicle 3 is equipped with a power receiving device 20 having a secondary coil 21. The power receiving device 20, as part of the vehicle-side power receiving device, is located at the bottom of the vehicle body. When vehicle 3 travels on road 4 where a primary coil 11 is provided, the primary coil 11 on the ground side and the secondary coil 21 on the vehicle side face each other vertically. For wireless power transmission system 1, while vehicle 3 is traveling on road 4, power is transmitted non-contactly from the primary coil 11 of power supply device 10 to the secondary coil 21 of power receiving device 20.

[0032] In this explanation, "in motion" refers to the state in which vehicle 3 is located on road 4 for the purpose of moving. "In motion" also includes the state in which vehicle 3 is temporarily stopped on road 4. For example, the state in which vehicle 3 stops on road 4 while waiting for a traffic light is included in "in motion." On the other hand, even when vehicle 3 is located on road 4, such as when vehicle 3 is parked, it is not included in "in motion."

[0033] Additionally, in this description, a lane in which a primary coil 11 (segment 7) is embedded is sometimes referred to as a D-WPT lane, and a section of road 4 in which wireless power transmission can be performed by the supply device 5 is referred to as a D-WPT charging station. In both D-WPT lanes and D-WPT charging stations, multiple primary coils 11 (multiple segments 7) are arranged in a specific section of road 4 in the direction of travel of the vehicle 3.

[0034] Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the overall structure of a wireless power transmission system. In supply device 2, supply unit 5 is electrically connected to AC power source 6. In supply unit 5, section 7 is electrically connected to management device 8.

[0035] The supply device 5 includes a structure disposed in the management device 8 and a structure disposed in the section 7. The supply device 5 includes a power supply device 10, a power supply ECU (Electronic Control Unit) 110, a first communication device 120, a second communication device 130, and a foreign object detection device 140.

[0036] The power transmission device 10 includes circuitry connected to the AC power supply 6. The power transmission device 10 includes a PFC (Power Factor Collection) circuit 210, an inverter (INV) 220, a filter circuit 230, and a power transmission side resonant circuit 240.

[0037] PFC circuit 210 improves the power factor of the AC power input from AC power source 6, converts the AC power into DC power, and outputs it to inverter 220. PFC circuit 210 is configured to include an AC / DC converter. PFC circuit 210 is electrically connected to AC power source 6.

[0038] Inverter 220 converts the DC power input from PFC circuit 210 into AC power. The switching elements of inverter 220 are composed of IGBTs (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors), MOSFETs (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors), etc., and switch according to control signals from the power supply ECU 110. For example, the drive frequency of inverter 220 is 85kHz. Inverter 220 outputs the converted AC power to filter circuit 230.

[0039] The filter circuit 230 removes noise from the AC current input from the inverter 220 and supplies the noise-removed AC power to the power transmission side resonant circuit 240. The filter circuit 230 is an LC filter composed of a coil and a capacitor. For example, the filter circuit 230 is a T-type filter composed of two coils and a capacitor arranged in a T-shape. The PFC circuit 210, the inverter 220, and the filter circuit 230 constitute the power conversion section 12 of the power transmission device 10.

[0040] The power transmission side resonant circuit 240 is a power transmission unit that transmits AC power supplied from the filter circuit 230 to the power receiving device 20 in a non-contact manner. When AC power is supplied from the filter circuit 230 to the power transmission side resonant circuit 240, current flows through the primary coil 11, generating a magnetic field for power transmission.

[0041] The power transmission side resonant circuit 240 includes a primary coil 11 and a resonant capacitor. The primary coil 11 is the power transmission coil. The resonant capacitor is connected in series with one end of the primary coil 11 to adjust the resonant frequency of the power transmission side resonant circuit. This resonant frequency is 10kHz to 100GHz, preferably 85kHz. For example, the power transmission device 10 is configured such that the resonant frequency of the power transmission side resonant circuit 240 matches the drive frequency of the inverter 220. The power transmission side resonant circuit 240 constitutes the primary device 13 of the power transmission device 10.

[0042] The power transmission device 10 includes a power conversion unit 12 and a primary device 13. The power conversion unit 12 includes a PFC circuit 210, an inverter 220, and a filter circuit 230. The primary device 13 includes a power transmission side resonant circuit 240. The power transmission device 10 has the following structure: the power conversion unit 12 is disposed in the management device 8, and the primary device 13 is disposed in the section 7.

[0043] In the supply device 5, the power conversion unit 12, the power supply ECU 110 and the first communication device 120 of the power supply device 10 are installed in the management device 8, and the primary device 13, the second communication device 130 and the foreign object detection device 140 of the power supply device 10 are installed in the section 7.

[0044] The power supply ECU 110 is an electronic control device that controls the power supply unit 5. The power supply ECU 110 has a processor and a memory. The processor consists of a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a DSP (Digital Signal Processor), and an FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array). The memory is the main storage device, consisting of RAM (Random Access Memory) and ROM (Read Only Memory). The power supply ECU 110 loads the program stored in the storage unit into the operating area of ​​the memory (main storage device) and executes it. Through the execution of the program, it controls various components, thereby achieving the intended function. The storage unit consists of recording media such as EPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM), hard disk drive (HDD), and removable media. Examples of removable media include USB (Universal Serial Bus) memory, CD (Compact Disc), DVD (Digital Versatile Disc), and BD (Blu-ray Disc). The storage unit can store the operating system (OS), various programs, various tables, and various databases. Signals from various sensors are input to the power supply ECU 110. Signals from the foreign object detection device 140 are also input to the power supply ECU 110. Furthermore, the power supply ECU 110 performs various controls based on the signals input from the various sensors.

[0045] For example, the power supply ECU 110 performs power control to adjust the power supply. In this power control, the power supply ECU 110 controls the power supply device 10. The power supply ECU 110 outputs a control signal to the power conversion unit 12 to control the power supplied from the power conversion unit 12 to the primary device 13. The power supply ECU 110 controls the switching elements included in the PFC circuit 210 to adjust the power supply, and also controls the switching elements included in the inverter 220 to adjust the power supply.

[0046] In addition, the power supply ECU 110 performs communication control for communication with the vehicle 3. In the communication control, the power supply ECU 110 controls the first communication device 120 and the second communication device 130.

[0047] The first communication device 120 is a ground-based communication device for wide-area wireless communication. The first communication device 120 communicates wirelessly with a vehicle 3 traveling on road 4 before approaching the D-WPT lane. The state before approaching the D-WPT lane refers to a position where the vehicle 3 is unable to conduct narrow-area wireless communication with the supply device 5.

[0048] Wide-area wireless communication refers to communication with a distance of 10 meters to 10 kilometers. Compared to narrow-area wireless communication, it involves longer communication distances. As a type of wide-area wireless communication, various long-distance wireless communication methods can be used. For example, communication methods conforming to 3GPP (registered trademark) and IEEE-defined standards such as 4G, LTE, 5G, and WiMAX are used for wide-area wireless communication. In the wireless power transmission system 1, wide-area wireless communication is used to transmit vehicle information associated with vehicle identification information (vehicle ID) from vehicle 3 to supply device 5.

[0049] The second communication device 130 is a ground-side communication device for narrow-area wireless communication. The second communication device 130 communicates wirelessly with vehicles 3 traveling on road 4 that are approaching or entering the D-WPT lane. Approaching the D-WPT lane means that the vehicle 3 is in a position where it can communicate wirelessly with the supply device 5 in a narrow area.

[0050] Narrow-area wireless communication is communication with a distance of less than 10 meters. Compared to wide-area wireless communication, it has a shorter communication distance. As narrow-area wireless communication, various short-range wireless communication methods with short communication distances can be used. For example, communication methods that follow any communication standard established by IEEE, ISO, and IEC can be used for narrow-area wireless communication. Examples include Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and ZigBee. Alternatively, technologies such as RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) and DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communication) can also be used for narrow-area wireless communication. In the wireless power transmission system 1, vehicle identification information is transmitted from vehicle 3 to supply device 5 using narrow-area wireless communication.

[0051] The foreign object detection device 140 detects metallic foreign objects, living organisms, etc., present above the primary coil 11. The foreign object detection device 140 is composed, for example, of a sensor coil and a camera device installed on the ground. The foreign object detection device 140 is used to perform the foreign object detection (FOD) and living object protection (LOP) functions in the wireless power transmission system 1.

[0052] In the supply device 5, the power transmission device 10 is separately configured in sections 7 and the management device 8, with three sections 7 connected to one management device 8. The power transmission device 10 constitutes an inverter that supplies power to three power transmission-side resonant circuits 240. Furthermore, in the supply device 5, signals from each section 7 are input to the management device 8. Signals from the second communication device 130 and the foreign object detection device 140 located in the first section are input to the power transmission ECU 110. Similarly, signals from the second communication device 130 and the foreign object detection device 140 located in the second section are input to the power transmission ECU 110. Signals from the second communication device 130 and the foreign object detection device 140 located in the third section are input to the power transmission ECU 110. The power transmission ECU 110 can monitor the status of each section 7 based on the signals input from each section 7.

[0053] Vehicle 3 includes a power receiving device 20, a charging relay 310, a battery 320, a vehicle ECU 330, a third communication device 340, a fourth communication device 350, and a global positioning system (GPS) receiver 360.

[0054] The receiving device 20 supplies power received from the transmitting device 10 to the storage battery 320. The receiving device 20 is electrically connected to the storage battery 320 via a charging relay 310. The receiving device 20 includes a receiving-side resonant circuit 410, a filter circuit 420, and a rectifier circuit 430.

[0055] The receiving-side resonant circuit 410 is a receiving unit that receives power transmitted from the power transmission device 10 in a non-contact manner. The receiving-side resonant circuit 410 is composed of a receiving-side resonant circuit including a secondary coil 21 and a resonant capacitor. The secondary coil 21 is a receiving coil that receives power transmitted non-contactly from the primary coil 11. The resonant capacitor is connected in series with one end of the secondary coil 21 to adjust the resonant frequency of the receiving-side resonant circuit. The resonant frequency of the receiving-side resonant circuit 410 is determined to be consistent with the resonant frequency of the power transmission-side resonant circuit 240.

[0056] The resonant frequency of the receiving-side resonant circuit 410 is the same as that of the transmitting-side resonant circuit 240. Therefore, if a magnetic field generated by the transmitting-side resonant circuit 240 is generated when the receiving-side resonant circuit 410 and the transmitting-side resonant circuit 240 are facing each other, the vibration of the magnetic field is transmitted to the receiving-side resonant circuit 410. The primary coil 11 and the secondary coil 21 are in a resonant state. When the induced current flows in the secondary coil 21 through electromagnetic induction, an induced electromotive force is generated in the receiving-side resonant circuit 410. In this way, the receiving-side resonant circuit 410 receives the power transmitted from the transmitting-side resonant circuit 240 in a non-contact manner. Then, the receiving-side resonant circuit 410 supplies the power received from the transmitting-side resonant circuit 240 to the filter circuit 420. The receiving-side resonant circuit 410 constitutes the secondary device 22 of the power receiving device 20.

[0057] The filter circuit 420 removes noise from the AC current input from the resonant circuit 410 on the power receiving side and outputs the noise-removed AC power to the rectifier circuit 430. The filter circuit 420 is an LC filter composed of a coil and a capacitor. For example, the filter circuit 420 is a T-type filter composed of two coils and a capacitor configured in a T-shape.

[0058] The rectifier circuit 430 converts the AC power input from the filter circuit 420 into DC power and outputs it to the battery 320. The rectifier circuit 430 is, for example, a full-bridge circuit with four diodes connected in a full-bridge configuration as rectifier elements. Switching elements are connected in parallel with each diode in the rectifier circuit 430. Each switching element in the rectifier circuit 430 is composed of an IGBT and switches according to control signals from the vehicle ECU 330. The rectifier circuit 430 supplies the converted DC power to the battery 320. The filter circuit 420 and the rectifier circuit 430 constitute the power conversion section 23 of the power receiving device 20.

[0059] The power receiving device 20 includes a secondary device 22 and a power conversion unit 23. The secondary device 22 includes a power receiving side resonant circuit 410. The power conversion unit 23 includes a filter circuit 420 and a rectifier circuit 430.

[0060] A charging relay 310 is disposed between the rectifier circuit 430 and the battery 320. The charging relay 310 is controlled by the vehicle ECU 330. When the power supply device 10 charges the battery 320, the charging relay 310 is controlled to be closed. When the charging relay 310 is closed, the rectifier circuit 430 and the battery 320 are connected in a energized manner. When the charging relay 310 is open, the connection between the rectifier circuit 430 and the battery 320 is cut off, and no power is supplied. For example, when the charging relay 310 is open, the vehicle 3 does not request power.

[0061] The battery 320 is a rechargeable DC power source, such as a lithium-ion battery or a nickel-metal hydride battery. The battery 320 stores the power supplied from the power supply device 10 to the power receiving device 20. Additionally, the battery 320 can supply power to the vehicle 3's drive motor. The battery 320 is electrically connected to the drive motor via a PCU (Power Control Unit). The PCU is a power conversion device that converts the DC power from the battery 320 into AC power and supplies it to the drive motor. The switching elements of the PCU are composed of IGBTs, which switch according to control signals from the vehicle ECU 330, etc.

[0062] The vehicle ECU 330 is an electronic control device that controls the vehicle 3. As a hardware structure, the vehicle ECU 330 is configured similarly to the power supply ECU 110. Signals from various sensors mounted on the vehicle 3 are input to the vehicle ECU 330. Additionally, positioning signals received by the GPS receiver 360 are input to the vehicle ECU 330. The vehicle ECU 330 can obtain the current location information of the vehicle 3 from the GPS receiver 360. Furthermore, the vehicle ECU 330 performs various controls based on the signals input from the various sensors.

[0063] For example, the vehicle ECU 330 performs contactless charging control, in which power is transferred non-contactly from the primary coil 11 to the secondary coil 21, and the power received by the secondary coil 21 is stored in the battery 320. In the contactless charging control, the vehicle ECU 330 controls the rectifier circuit 430, the charging relay 310, the third communication device 340, and the fourth communication device 350. The contactless charging control includes power control for controlling the charging power and communication control for controlling communication with the supply device 5. In power control, the vehicle ECU 330 controls the switching elements included in the rectifier circuit 430 to adjust the power (charging power) supplied from the receiving device 20 to the battery 320. In communication control, the vehicle ECU 330 controls the third communication device 340 and the fourth communication device 350.

[0064] The third communication device 340 is a vehicle-side communication device that performs wide-area wireless communication. The third communication device 340 communicates wirelessly with the first communication device 120 of the supply device 5 before the vehicle 3, traveling on road 4, approaches the D-WPT lane. The wide-area wireless communication is bidirectional. Communication between the first communication device 120 and the third communication device 340 is conducted via high-speed wireless communication.

[0065] The fourth communication device 350 is a vehicle-side communication device that performs narrow-area wireless communication. When vehicle 3 approaches or enters the D-WPT lane, the fourth communication device 350 wirelessly communicates with the second communication device 130 of the supply device 5. The narrow-area wireless communication is one-way wireless signaling. One-way wireless signaling is P2PS (Point-to-point signaling). P2PS is used to notify the supply device 5 of vehicle identification information from vehicle 3 during pairing, alignment checks, magnetic coupling checks, the end of power transmission, and the end of power transmission. Additionally, P2PS can be used as a lateral alignment check unit. Lateral refers to the width direction of the lane, which is the width direction of vehicle 3.

[0066] GPS receiver 360 detects the current position of vehicle 3 based on positioning information obtained from multiple positioning satellites. The current position information of vehicle 3 detected by GPS receiver 360 is sent to vehicle ECU 330.

[0067] It should be noted that in the supply device 5, the filter circuit 230 may be included in the management device 8 instead of in section 7. That is, the filter circuit 230 may also be installed on the side of the road 4. In this case, the power conversion unit 12 includes a PFC circuit 210, an inverter 220, and a filter circuit 230, and the primary device 13 includes a power supply side resonant circuit 240.

[0068] In addition, the filter circuit 230 can be set up separately from the primary coil 11, or it can be set up together with multiple primary coils 11.

[0069] Furthermore, the filter circuit 230 is not limited to a T-type filter; for example, it can be a bandpass filter with a coil and a capacitor connected in series. The same applies to the filter circuit 420 of vehicle 3.

[0070] Furthermore, in the power transmission device 10, based on the connection between the inverter 220 and multiple primary coils 11, a switching switch for the primary coil 11 to be energized can be provided in each primary device 13. This switching switch can be provided in the roadside management device 8 of the road 4, or it can be provided near the primary coil 11.

[0071] Furthermore, the power-transmitting side resonant circuit 240 is not limited to a structure in which the primary coil 11 and the resonant capacitor are connected in series. The primary coil 11 and the resonant capacitor can be connected in parallel, or a combination of parallel and series connections. In short, as long as the resonant frequency of the power-transmitting side resonant circuit 240 is consistent with the driving frequency of the inverter 220, the connection relationship of its constituent elements is not particularly limited. This also applies to the power-receiving side resonant circuit 410 of the vehicle 3.

[0072] Furthermore, the drive frequency of inverter 220 is not limited to 85kHz, but can also be a frequency around 85kHz. In short, the drive frequency of inverter 220 can be a specified frequency band including 85kHz.

[0073] Alternatively, the power supply device 10 may be a structure in which multiple inverters 220 are connected to the output side power lines (DC power lines) of the PFC circuit 210.

[0074] Furthermore, the foreign object detection device 140 is not limited to being installed on the ground side, but can also be installed on the vehicle 3 side. For example, it can be configured such that if the foreign object detection device on the vehicle 3 side detects a foreign object, living organism, or the like present above the primary coil 11, it will stop requesting power until the vehicle 3 passes over the primary coil 11.

[0075] In addition, in the wireless power transmission system 1, the information transmitted from the vehicle 3 to the supply device 5 using narrow-band wireless communication includes, in addition to vehicle identification information, a power supply request and a power supply request value. The power supply request indicates a request for power transmission from the primary coil 11. The power supply request value is the requested amount of power to be transmitted from the supply device 5 to the vehicle 3. The vehicle ECU 330 can calculate the power supply request value based on the State of Charge (SOC) of the battery 320.

[0076] Furthermore, the wireless power transmission system 1 is not limited to power supply from the ground to the vehicle 3, but can also achieve power supply from the vehicle 3 to the ground. In this case, the rectifier circuit 430 is replaced by an inverter, which can realize rectification during power supply and power reception.

[0077] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating wide-area wireless communication in wireless power transmission system 1.

[0078] In the wireless power transmission system 1, vehicle 3 can communicate with server 30, and supply device 5 can also communicate with server 30. Server 30 is connected to network 40 and can communicate with multiple vehicles 3 and multiple supply devices 5 via network 40. Network 40 consists of WAN (Wide Area Network), which is a public communication network such as the Internet, and telephone communication networks such as those used for mobile phones.

[0079] Vehicle 3 connects to network 40 via wide-area wireless communication using third communication device 340. Vehicle 3 sends information to server 30 and receives information from server 30.

[0080] The supply device 5 connects to the network 40 via wide-area wireless communication using the first communication device 120. The supply device 5 sends information to the server 30 and receives information from the server 30.

[0081] Figure 4 This is a block diagram showing the functional structure of the power supply ECU 110. The power supply ECU 110 includes a first communication control unit 510, a second communication control unit 520, a power supply control unit 530, and an anomaly determination unit 540. In addition, the anomaly determination unit 540 includes a voltage monitoring unit 541 and a timing unit 542 as a time measurement unit.

[0082] The first communication control unit 510 performs first communication control on the first communication device 120. The first communication control controls the wide-area wireless communication on the supply device 5 side, controlling the communication of the supply device 5 using the first communication device 120. Specifically, the first communication control controls the communication of the management device 8 within the supply device 5. The first communication control also controls the communication between the supply device 5 and the network 40, and the communication between the supply device 5 and the server 30 via the network 40. The first communication control unit 510 is a SECC (Supply Equipment Communication Controller).

[0083] The second communication control unit 520 performs second communication control on the second communication device 130. This second communication control controls the narrow-area wireless communication on the supply device 5 side, controlling the communication of the supply device 5 using the second communication device 130. Specifically, the second communication control controls the communication of segment 7 within the supply device 5. As communication not via network 40, the second communication control controls the communication between the supply device 5 and the vehicle 3. The second communication control unit 520 is a PDCC (Primary Device Communication Controller).

[0084] The power transmission control unit 530 performs power transmission control of the power transmission device 10. Power transmission control controls the power used for power transmission and controls the power conversion unit 12 of the power transmission device 10. The power transmission control unit 530 also performs power control of the PFC circuit 210 and the inverter 220.

[0085] The anomaly determination unit 540 determines an anomaly occurring in the supply device 5. The anomaly determination unit 540 receives environmental information such as disasters and accidents based on information received from the server 30. The anomaly determination unit 540 can determine the occurrence of an anomaly based on the environmental information, which is a received anomaly determination element, and according to information about the occurrence of the disaster or accident. In at least one of wide-area wireless communication and narrow-area wireless communication, the anomaly determination unit 540 can determine the occurrence of an anomaly in at least one of the following situations: no communication response; at least a predetermined number of communication trials; or a predetermined time elapsed due to the lack of response during communication trials.

[0086] The voltage monitoring unit 541 functions as a voltage measuring unit that monitors the voltage of each component within the supply device 5. The anomaly determination unit 540 determines the occurrence of an anomaly based on the voltage of each component monitored by the voltage monitoring unit 541. The timing unit 542, acting as a time measuring unit, begins measuring time from the point in time when the voltage monitoring unit 541 detects a decrease in the voltage of at least one of the multiple components constituting the supply device 5. The anomaly determination unit 540 performs an anomaly determination based on an anomaly determination element where the elapsed time exceeds a predetermined time.

[0087] Figure 5 This is a block diagram illustrating the functional structure of the vehicle ECU 330. The vehicle ECU 330 includes a third communication control unit 610, a fourth communication control unit 620, and a charging control unit 630.

[0088] The third communication control unit 610 performs third communication control of the third communication device 340. The third communication control controls the wide-area wireless communication on the vehicle 3 side, controlling the communication of the vehicle 3 using the third communication device 340. The third communication control controls the communication between the vehicle 3 and the network 40, and also controls the communication between the vehicle 3 and the server 30 via the network 40. The third communication control unit 610 is an EVCC (EV Communication Controller: Electric Vehicle Charging Controller).

[0089] The fourth communication control unit 620 performs fourth communication control of the fourth communication device 350. The fourth communication control controls the narrow-range wireless communication on the vehicle 3 side, controlling the communication of the vehicle 3 using the fourth communication device 350. As communication not via network 40, the fourth communication control controls the communication between the vehicle 3 and the supply device 5. The fourth communication control unit 620 is an SDCC (Secondary Device Communication Controller).

[0090] The charging control unit 630 performs charging control of the powered receiving device 20 and the charging relay 310. The charging control includes power control of the power received in the powered receiving device 20 and relay control of the connection status between the secondary device 22 and the battery 320. The charging control unit 630 also performs power control of the rectifier circuit 430. Finally, the charging control unit 630 performs relay control to switch the on / off state of the charging relay 310.

[0091] In this wireless power transmission system 1, wireless power transmission from the supply device 5 to the vehicle 3 is performed while wireless communication is established between the vehicle 3 and the supply device 5. With the vehicle 3 and the supply device 5 paired via wireless communication, power is transmitted non-contactly from the primary coil 11 on the ground side to the secondary coil 21 on the vehicle side. Furthermore, charging control is performed in the vehicle 3 to supply the power received by the secondary coil 21 to the battery 320.

[0092] Next, refer to Figure 6 The power transmission process (D-WPT process) is described below. The power transmission process is structured as a chain of multiple activities, which is a process derived from states and their corresponding transitions.

[0093] Figure 6 It is a diagram used to illustrate the process of power transmission. Figure 6 The basic activities used to illustrate the power transmission process are shown. Figure 6 The thick arrows shown indicate transition lines. The state of the wireless power transmission system 1 during the power transmission process is represented by the activities constituting the power transmission process.

[0094] The activities constituting the power transmission process include the power transmission service session (D-WPT service session A70) as a phase of power transmission, activities before power transmission, and activities after power transmission. Furthermore, the activities are described by distinguishing the operating entities based on whether there is communication between the supply device 5 and the vehicle 3. The activities are divided into activities representing the state of no communication only on the supply device 5 side, activities representing the state of no communication only on the vehicle 3 side, and activities representing the state of communication between both the supply device 5 and the vehicle 3.

[0095] like Figure 6As shown, the activities include Master power On (A10), Preparation (A20), Waiting for D-WPT service request from vehicle 3 (A30), Master power On (A40), Preparation (A50), Communication setup and Request D-WPT service (A60), D-WPT service session (A70), and Terminate D-WPT service session (A80).

[0096] Preparation A20 is the preparation state of the supply device 5. In preparation A20, the supply device 5 does not communicate with the vehicle 3 but performs circuit activation and safety verification. The supply device 5 transitions to the preparation A20 state when the main power supply becomes on (A10). Then, if the supply device 5 can activate the circuit and verify safety in preparation A20, the state transitions to a request waiting (A30) from the vehicle 3. On the other hand, if there is a problem with the supply device 5, the supply device 5 notifies the vehicle 3 via wide-area wireless communication that the wireless power transmission system 1 cannot be used (unusable notification). The first communication device 120 sends the unusable notification to the vehicle 3.

[0097] Preparation A50 is the preparation state of vehicle 3. In preparation A50, vehicle 3 performs circuit startup and safety verification without communicating with supply device 5. Vehicle 3 transitions to the preparation A50 state when the main power supply becomes on (A40). Then, if vehicle 3 can confirm safety by starting the circuit in preparation A50, the state transitions to communication setting and D-WPT service request (A60). On the other hand, if there is a problem with vehicle 3, vehicle 3 does not start wide-area wireless communication and does not perform subsequent timing steps in the D-WPT process.

[0098] The communication setup and D-WPT service request A60 is initiated by the vehicle ECU 330. During the communication setup and D-WPT service request A60, the vehicle ECU 330 initiates wide-area wireless communication. First, when vehicle 3 transitions from preparation A50 to communication setup and D-WPT service request A60, the third communication device 340 sends a D-WPT service request signal. The third communication device 340 wirelessly communicates with the first communication device 120 corresponding to the D-WPT lane that vehicle 3 is scheduled to enter or has entered. The first communication device 120 is selected as the communication target based on the relative positional relationship between the current position of vehicle 3 and the position of the D-WPT lane. On the supply device 5 side, while waiting for a request from vehicle 3 (A30), when the first communication device 120 receives the D-WPT service request signal, the state transitions to communication setup and D-WPT service request A60. Various information from wide-area wireless communication and P2PS communication is linked using vehicle identification information. Figure 7 The communication settings and the processing sequence of request A60 for the D-WPT service are shown.

[0099] Figure 7 This is a timing diagram illustrating the use of wide-area wireless communication between vehicle 3 and supply device 5. Vehicle 3 sends vehicle information to server 30 (step S11). In step S11, the third communication device 340 of vehicle 3 sends vehicle information to server 30. The vehicle information includes vehicle identification information, various parameters of the power receiving device 20, the current location information of vehicle 3, and a power request. Vehicle ECU 330 calculates the power request based on the SOC of battery 320. In step S11, vehicle ECU 330 sends vehicle information from the third communication device 340 at predetermined intervals. The predetermined interval is set based on the distance from the current location of vehicle 3 to the starting point of the D-WPT lane. The shorter the distance from vehicle 3 to the starting point of the D-WPT lane, the shorter the predetermined interval.

[0100] When server 30 receives vehicle information from vehicle 3, it determines the vehicle identification information of vehicle 3 located in the vicinity of supply device 5 based on the current location information of vehicle 3 contained in the vehicle information (step S12). In step S12, server 30 determines vehicle 3 located in a vicinity of supply device 5 based on the current location information of vehicle 3 and the location information of supply device 5. The vicinity is, for example, set to an area within 500 meters.

[0101] When the server 30 determines the vehicle identification information of the vehicle 3, it sends the vehicle information to the supply device 5 (step S13). In step S13, the sending device of the server 30 sends the vehicle information to the supply device 5.

[0102] When the supply device 5 receives vehicle information from the server 30, it registers / deletes vehicle identification information in the identification information list (step S14). In step S14, the power supply ECU 110 registers / deletes vehicle identification information in the identification information list to ensure that the number of vehicle identification information associated with the vehicle information is exactly the same in the identification information list.

[0103] When registering / deleting vehicle identification information from the identification information list, the supply device 5 sends the vehicle identification information registered in the identification information list to the server 30 (step S15). In step S15, the first communication device 120 of the supply device 5 sends the vehicle identification information to the server 30.

[0104] Then, when server 30 receives vehicle identification information from supply device 5, it sends a list registration notification to vehicle 3 corresponding to the vehicle identification information registered in the identification information list (step S16). In step S16, the communication device of server 30 sends the list registration notification to vehicle 3. The list registration notification is a notification indicating that the vehicle identification information is registered in the identification information list, and includes the identification information of supply device 5 and the location information of supply device 5.

[0105] Thus, when vehicle 3 initiates wide-area wireless communication and both supply device 5 and vehicle 3 are in the communication setup and D-WPT service request A60 state, the communication setup based on wide-area wireless communication is successful. With the success of this communication setup, the state transitions to D-WPT service session A70.

[0106] return Figure 6 In D-WPT service session A70, with a communication connection established between supply device 5 and vehicle 3, power is transmitted non-contactly from the power-supplying resonant circuit 240 of supply device 5 to the power-receiving resonant circuit 410 of vehicle 3. D-WPT service session A70 begins with successful communication setup and ends with the termination of communication. In the state of D-WPT service session A70, when communication ends, the state transitions to D-WPT service session termination A80.

[0107] At the end of the D-WPT service session A80, vehicle 3 terminates its wide-area wireless communication with supply device 5. Vehicle 3 and supply device 5 are able to receive the trigger for the end of the D-WPT service session A70. Then, vehicle ECU 330 prevents secondary device 22 and vehicle 3 from initiating D-WPT until third communication device 340 receives the next notification (D-WPT service request signal).

[0108] Here, we provide a detailed description of the activities of D-WPT service session A70.

[0109] D-WPT service session A70 includes compatibility check and service authentication A110, fine positioning A120, pairing and alignment check A130, magnetic coupling check A140, perform power transfer A150, stand-by A160, and power transfer terminated A170.

[0110] The compatibility check and service certification A110 are explained below. After successful communication setup, the vehicle ECU 330 and the power supply ECU 110 confirm the compatibility between the primary device 13 and the secondary device 22. The compatibility check is performed based on information corresponding to the vehicle identification information obtained through communication on the supply device 5 side. The check items may include the minimum ground height of the secondary device 22, the shape and type of the secondary device 22, the circuit topology of the secondary device 22, the self-resonant frequency of the secondary device 22, and the number of secondary coils 21.

[0111] In the compatibility check and service authentication A110, firstly, vehicle 3 sends compatibility information of the receiving device 20 from the third communication device 340 to the supply device 5. The first communication device 120 of the supply device 5 receives the compatibility information of the receiving device 20 from vehicle 3. Then, the first communication device 120 of the supply device 5 sends compatibility information of the supply device 10 to vehicle 3. The third communication device 340 of vehicle 3 receives the compatibility information of the supply device 10 from the supply device 5.

[0112] The elements of the compatibility information sent by vehicle 3 to supply device 5 include vehicle identification information, WPT power classes, air gap class, WPT operating frequencies, WPT frequency adjustment, WPT type, WPT circuit topology, fine positioning method, pairing method, alignment method, and information on the presence or absence of power adjustment function.

[0113] The elements of the compatibility information sent from the supply device 5 to the vehicle 3 include supply device identification information, WPT power level, gap level, WPT drive frequency, WPT frequency adjustment, WPT type, WPT circuit topology, precise alignment method, pairing method, alignment method and whether or not the power adjustment function is present.

[0114] Each element name is described in detail. It should be noted that each element of the compatibility information sent from vehicle 3 to supply device 5 is described. For compatibility information sent from supply device 5 to vehicle 3 that is the same as the compatibility information sent from vehicle 3 to supply device 5, the description is omitted.

[0115] Gap level indicates the gap level at which the secondary device 22 can receive power. WPT power level indicates the power level at which the secondary device 22 can receive power. WPT drive frequency indicates the frequency of the power received by the secondary device 22. WPT frequency adjustment indicates whether the drive frequency can be adjusted. WPT type indicates the shape type of the secondary device 22, specifically the coil shape of the secondary coil 21. Types representing WPT type include circular, solenoid, etc. WPT circuit topology indicates the connection structure between the secondary coil 21 and the resonant capacitor. WPT circuit topologies include series and parallel connections. Precise alignment method indicates the method used to perform alignment. Pairing method indicates the method by which the vehicle 3 determines the pairing of the supply device 5. Alignment method indicates the method of confirming the relative position of the secondary device 22 and the primary device 13 before power supply begins.

[0116] The precise alignment A120 is explained below. Vehicle 3 performs precise alignment A120 before or in parallel with pairing and alignment checks A130. Vehicle ECU 330 begins precise alignment A120 when it determines that vehicle 3 is approaching or has entered the area (WPT lane) where the supply device 5 is located.

[0117] The vehicle ECU 330 guides the vehicle 3 to align the primary device 13 and the secondary device 22 within a range that establishes sufficient magnetic coupling for wireless power transmission.

[0118] Precise alignment A120 is essentially performed manually or automatically on three sides of the vehicle. Precise alignment A120 can collaborate with ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance Systems). The end of this communication marks the end of the D-WPT service session A80.

[0119] Furthermore, the precise alignment A120 activity can continue until vehicle 3 leaves the D-WPT charging station or the state changes to communication termination, and is performed based on the alignment information sent from supply device 5 to vehicle 3 via wide-area wireless communication.

[0120] The pairing and alignment checks A130 are explained below. Here, the pairing and alignment checks are explained separately.

[0121] The pairing process is explained below. The P2PS interface for narrow-area wireless communication ensures that primary device 13 and secondary device 22 are uniquely paired. The pairing process is as follows.

[0122] First, the vehicle ECU 330 identifies that vehicle 3 is approaching or has entered a D-WPT lane. For example, the vehicle ECU 330 has map information including D-WPT lanes and compares it with the vehicle's position information obtained by the GPS receiver 360, identifying the approach or entry based on factors such as straight-line distance. Vehicle 3 then sends a signal to the server 30 indicating which D-WPT lane it has approached via wide-area wireless communication. In short, the third communication device 340 notifies the cloud of a signal indicating that vehicle 3 has approached a specific D-WPT lane. Furthermore, when the vehicle ECU 330 identifies that vehicle 3 is approaching or has entered a D-WPT lane, the fourth communication device 350 begins transmitting modulated signals at regular intervals to pair the primary device 13 with the secondary device 22.

[0123] Alternatively, the supply device 5 can also use information obtained from the server 30 via wide-area wireless communication to identify whether a vehicle 3 is approaching or entering a D-WPT lane. The server 30 assigns vehicle identification information of the approaching vehicle 3 in each D-WPT lane to the supply device 5 corresponding to that lane. The supply device 5 only needs to refer to the reduced number of vehicle identification information provided by the server 30, thus the authentication process can be completed in a short time. For the supply device 5, when it is identified that a vehicle 3 is approaching a D-WPT lane, the second communication device 130 enters a standby mode. In standby mode, it waits to receive a modulated signal from the fourth communication device 350 of the vehicle 3. This modulated signal contains vehicle identification information.

[0124] When the second communication device 130 receives a modulated signal from vehicle 3, the supply device 5 compares the vehicle identification information received via narrow-area wireless communication with the vehicle identification information in a list obtained as a result of wide-area wireless communication with multiple vehicles 3 approaching the D-WPT lane. Through this comparison, the supply device 5 identifies vehicle 3.

[0125] When the vehicle ECU 330 detects that vehicle 3 is outside the D-WPT lane, it stops transmitting modulation signals from the fourth communication device 350. The vehicle ECU 330 can determine whether it has passed through the D-WPT lane based on map information and the vehicle's own position information.

[0126] If the supply device 5 determines that the vehicle 3 is not traveling in the D-WPT lane, or if it determines that the vehicle 3 is not approaching the D-WPT lane, it stops the standby of the modulation signal from the fourth communication device 350.

[0127] Pairing is performed on primary device 13 until vehicle 3 exits the D-WPT charging station or the status changes to communication termination. After pairing is complete, the status changes to alignment check.

[0128] The alignment check is explained below. The purpose of the alignment check is to confirm that the lateral distance between the primary device 13 and the secondary device 22 is within the allowable range. The alignment check is performed using narrow-area wireless communication (P2PS).

[0129] Alignment checks are continuously performed based on P2PS until vehicle 3 leaves the D-WPT charging station or the communication ends. The results of the alignment checks can be transmitted from the first communication device 120 to the third communication device 340 via wide-area wireless communication.

[0130] The magnetic coupling check A140 is described below. In magnetic coupling check A140, the supply device 5 confirms the magnetic coupling status and verifies that the secondary device 22 is within acceptable limits. When magnetic coupling check A140 ends, the status transitions to power transmission execution A150.

[0131] The execution of power transmission A150 will be explained. In this state, the supply device 5 transmits power to the receiving device 20. The supply device 10 and the receiving device 20 need to have the ability to control the transmitted power (supplying power and receiving power) for the usefulness of MF-D-WPT and the protection of the receiving device 20 and the battery 320. Greater power transmission helps to extend its travel distance without static wireless charging and conductive charging of the receiving device 20. However, the capacity of the battery 320 varies depending on the model of the vehicle 3, and sometimes the power demand for driving changes drastically. One example of such a drastic change is sudden regenerative braking. When regenerative braking is performed while driving in the D-WPT lane, regenerative braking takes priority, so in addition to regenerative power, receiving power from the receiving device 20 is also supplied to the battery 320. In this case, in order to protect the battery 320 from overcharging, the transmitted power of the receiving device 20 needs to be adjusted.

[0132] Regardless of the necessity of power control, communication between the supply device 5 and the receiving device 20 will not be restarted in this state. This is because communication, due to its instability and latency, could potentially impair the response and accuracy of power control. Therefore, the supply device 5 and the receiving device 20 perform power transmission and control based on the information known up to this state.

[0133] The supply device 5 uses wide-area wireless communication in advance to increase the transmission power of the power request sent from the third communication device 340 by magnetic coupling check. The supply device 5 keeps the current and voltage fluctuations within the range and attempts to maximize the power transmitted during migration.

[0134] The receiving device 20 receives power from the transmitting device 10 without performing any control. However, the receiving device 20 initiates control when the delivered power exceeds or is exceeding limits, such as the rated power of the battery 320, which varies according to the charging status and the driving power demand of the vehicle 3. Furthermore, the power control in the vehicle ECU 330 is also required to handle malfunctions in wide-area wireless communication. These malfunctions can lead to conflicts between the power control object in the primary device 13 and requests from the third communication device 340, as well as sudden failures of the receiving device 20 and the battery 320 during power transmission. The receiving device 20 controls the power transmitted at the power request rate notified by the first communication device 120.

[0135] The power request is determined based on compatibility check information such as the WPT circuit topology, geometry, grounding clearance, and EMC (electromagnetic compatibility) of vehicle 3 and primary device 13. Depending on these specifications, different magnetic fields necessitate power transmission within EMC-compliant ranges.

[0136] The power control in the power supply ECU 110 and the power receiving device 20 may interfere with each other. This interference is particularly likely to occur when the supply device 5 attempts to fulfill a power request greater than the latest power limit in the power receiving device 20 via wide-area wireless communication. As an example, the rapid regenerative control in the relatively small battery 320 in the vehicle 3 could be cited. Preferably, the supply device 5 is capable of detecting a mismatch between the power control target and the limit, and adjusting the power transmission to eliminate this mismatch.

[0137] For example, if power transmission is briefly interrupted while the secondary device 22 is still above the primary device 13, such as when a foreign object is detected on the primary device 13 by the foreign object detection device 14, or when the magnetic coupling becomes low due to misalignment of the secondary device 22, the state changes to standby A160. It should be noted that if the vehicle 3 is equipped with a foreign object detection device, foreign objects can also be detected on the vehicle 3 side.

[0138] When the secondary device 22 passes through the primary device 13, the state transitions to the end of power transmission A170. In this case, the magnetic coupling between the two devices weakens, and therefore less power is transmitted. The supply device 5 can detect the weakening of magnetic coupling by monitoring the transmitted power, so the supply device 5 essentially decides to transition to the end of power transmission A170 state, and then begins to reduce the voltage in order to stop power transmission.

[0139] The standby state A160 will be explained. In this state, if power transmission is briefly interrupted for some reason, and preparation for D-WPT is completed in both vehicle 3 and supply device 5, the state returns to power transmission execution A150. In cases where power transmission may be interrupted, the state becomes standby A160.

[0140] The termination of power transmission (A170) is explained. In this state, the supply device 5 reduces the transmitted power to zero, maintaining or uploading power transmission result data such as total transmitted power, power transmission efficiency, and fault history. Vehicle identification information is annotated for each data point. Finally, the supply device 5 deletes the vehicle identification information of vehicle 3 that passed through the D-WPT lane. Thus, the supply device 5 is capable of subsequent pairing and power transmission to other vehicles. Figure 8 The processing timing of A170 indicates the end of power transmission.

[0141] Figure 8 This is a timing diagram showing the actions after the power supply from the supply device 5 to the vehicle 3 during operation ends. When the power receiving from the supply device 5 ends in the power receiving device 20 of the vehicle 3 (step S21), the vehicle 3 sends power receiving end information to the server 30 (step S22). In step S22, the power receiving end information is sent from the third communication device 340 of the vehicle 3. The power receiving end information includes information related to the power receiving from the supply device 5, such as the vehicle identification information of the vehicle 3, the power received from the supply device 5, the power receiving efficiency, and the anomaly detection result.

[0142] When performing step S21, the supply device 5 terminates the power supply to the vehicle 3 (step S23). Steps S21 and S23 can be performed simultaneously or separately. When performing step S23, the supply device 5 sends power supply termination information to the server 30 (step S24). In step S24, the power supply termination information is sent from the first communication device 120 of the supply device 5.

[0143] When server 30 receives power-on termination information from vehicle 3 and power-supply termination information from supply device 5, it performs power supply termination processing (step S25) to terminate the power supply from supply device 5 to vehicle 3. In the power supply termination processing, based on the power-on termination information and the power-supply termination information, it performs calculation processing of the amount of power supplied from supply device 5 to vehicle 3 and billing processing of the user of vehicle 3 based on the calculated amount of power supplied.

[0144] Additionally, vehicle 3 sends vehicle information to server 30 regardless of the power supply termination process (step S26). In step S26, vehicle information is sent from the third communication device 340 of vehicle 3.

[0145] When the server 30 receives vehicle information from the vehicle 3 after performing the power supply termination process, it determines the vehicle identification information of the vehicle 3 located in the vicinity of each supply device 5 based on the vehicle information (step S27).

[0146] Then, if a power supply termination process has been performed in a certain supply device 5, the server 30 deletes the vehicle identification information of the vehicle 3 that has undergone the power supply termination process from the vehicle identification information of the vehicle 3 in the vicinity of the supply device 5 determined in step S27 (step S28).

[0147] Then, the server 30 will send vehicle information (step S29) to each supply device 5 from the vehicle identification information of the vehicle 3 located in the vicinity of each supply device 5 that has been associated with the vehicle identification information that was not deleted in the processing of step S28.

[0148] After sending vehicle information to each supply device 5 in step S29, when a supply device 5 receives vehicle information from the server 30, it registers / deletes vehicle identification information from the identification information list (step S30). The processing of step S30 is related to... Figure 7 The process is the same as step S14. Then, the supply device 5 sends the vehicle identification information registered in the identification information list to the server 30 (step S31). The process of step S31 is the same as... Figure 7 The process in step S15 is the same.

[0149] Then, when server 30 receives vehicle identification information from supply device 5, it sends a list registration notification to vehicle 3 corresponding to the vehicle identification information registered in the identification information list (step S32). The processing of step S32 is similar to... Figure 7 The process in step S16 is the same.

[0150] As a result, in the process Figure 8 In the illustrated processing scenario, vehicle identification information is registered in the identification information list for vehicles 3 located in the vicinity of each supply device 5, whose power supply from that supply device 5 has not ended, and for which no vehicle identification information deletion request has been made. Furthermore, if vehicle 3's vehicle identification information is registered in the identification information list of any supply device 2, vehicle 3 receives a list registration notification. Therefore, by receiving the list registration notification, vehicle ECU 330 can determine that the vehicle is registered to a particular supply device 5. Moreover, if vehicle 3 moves out of the vicinity of a supply device 5, vehicle 3's vehicle identification information is deleted from the identification information list of that supply device 5.

[0151] return Figure 6Furthermore, at the end of power transmission A170, no processing is required in the receiving device 20 to reduce the transmitted power to zero. The P2PS interface remains active when vehicle 3 is in the D-WPT lane, and the state of the receiving device 20 automatically changes to paired in order to transmit power from the next device 13. Figure 6 As shown in the transition line, the state changes from the end of power transmission A170 to pairing and alignment check A130. (As shown in the diagram...) Figure 6 As shown, when the specified transfer conditions are met, the process can transition from magnetic coupling check A140 to pairing and alignment check A130, or from power transmission execution A150 to pairing and alignment check A130. Pairing can be performed individually for multiple primary coils 11, or multiple primary coils 11 can be grouped together and performed as a representative point.

[0152] Furthermore, the D-WPT service session A70 transitions to the end of the D-WPT service session A80 when there is no D-WPT request from the vehicle ECU 330, or when a series of states from communication settings and the request for D-WPT service A60 to the end of power transmission A170 are disabled, thus stopping wide-area wireless communication between the first communication device 120 and the third communication device 340. For example, D-WPT stops when the state of charge in the battery 320 is too high or when the receiving device 20 overheats due to continuous power transmission. This unnecessary D-WPT can be invalidated by simply deactivating the P2P interface. However, by stopping wide-area wireless communication, the power supply ECU 110 can release the memory occupied for the vehicle 3 without needing D-WPT by ending the established wide-area wireless communication.

[0153] In addition, D-WPT service sessions A70 are not limited to Figure 6 The transition is as shown by the transition line. After the pairing and alignment check A130 activities in the D-WPT service session A70 conclude, if the conditions for maintaining the D-WPT service session A70 are met, the state does not transition to the end of the D-WPT service session A80, but instead transitions to compatibility check and service authentication A110. For example, if the transition conditions specified in the magnetic coupling check A140 state are met, the state can transition to compatibility check and service authentication A110.

[0154] In this disclosure, at least the power supply ECU 110, the first communication device 120, and the second communication device 130 in the management device 8 are equipped with voltage holding units so that communication processing, arithmetic processing, and other processing can be performed even in the event of a power outage caused by a disaster or other abnormality. The voltage holding unit can maintain its own voltage and can be a smoothing capacitor or an uninterruptible power supply device capable of maintaining the drive voltage. Alternatively, the voltage holding unit can be configured by using a relay that is linked to the system during a short circuit to ensure uninterrupted power supply. In the control described below, the control of the management device 8 will be described, but it can also be described as the control of the supply device 5.

[0155] As a phenomenon caused by a power outage, the first example is the cessation of power supply, and the second example is the cessation of authentication. It should be noted that a power outage refers specifically to a power outage affecting the components constituting the supply device 5. In vehicle 3, the vehicle is in a state where communication with the management device 8 is impossible, authentication is impossible, or power supply is stopped. It should be noted that, as in this situation, the following three scenarios should be considered in relation to the normal state.

[0156] Normal state

[0157] Normal operation: Wide-area wireless communication "Enabled", narrow-area communication "Enabled", power supply "Enabled".

[0158] Power outage

[0159] Power outage: Wide-area wireless communication "operating", narrow-area communication "operating", power supply "outage".

[0160] Wide-area shutdown: Wide-area wireless communication "powers down," narrow-area communication "operates," and power supply "operates."

[0161] Complete shutdown: Wide-area wireless communication "power outage", narrow-area communication "power outage", power supply "power outage"

[0162] Regarding the shutdown sequence in the event of power outages or disasters, the power supply unit first detects a drop in system voltage or DC link voltage and stops. Then, the control system or communication system, which maintains the voltage via a voltage holding unit, performs the shutdown procedure, and the system stops completely after the shutdown process is finished. Therefore, even in the event of a power outage, the supply unit 5 and management unit 8 can be safely shut down.

[0163] Furthermore, in this disclosure, during the recovery from a power outage in the management device 8 and the supply device 5, the recovery process is modified according to the recovery status from the power outage. For example, if the time from the power outage to the recovery, i.e., the restart time, is longer than a predetermined time, the main power supply is switched on to state A10 (see reference). Figure 6The process begins in the D-WPT service session A70 (see reference ) in the event of a power outage lasting shorter than the scheduled time. Figure 6 The process can begin and resume. It should be noted that even if an anomaly is determined by the anomaly determination unit 540, but the voltage monitored by the voltage monitoring unit 541 is within the normal range, the D-WPT service session A70 can still be started. When starting the D-WPT service session A70, it can begin with either the pairing and alignment check A130 or the magnetic coupling check A140. The specified time can be selected and set between a few μs and 10 seconds. This avoids disruptions to the power control on all three sides of the vehicle due to sudden power transmission.

[0164] Furthermore, when power is restored, if vehicle 3 is directly above segment 7 equipped with primary coil 11, i.e., directly above the charging pad, power can be supplied starting from the next vehicle 3. In this case, power supply can also be stopped when power is restored until vehicle 3 directly above segment 7 passes over segment 7.

[0165] Specifically, as a first example, in the event of a power outage in the power supply ECU 110, the power supply ECU 110, while driven by the voltage holding unit for a predetermined time, first obtains a list of approaching vehicles 3 (upcoming EV list) from the first communication device 120. Upon recovery from the power outage, if vehicle 3 is directly above segment 7, power supply begins from the next vehicle 3 after that vehicle 3 passes. In other words, the vehicle 3 directly above segment 7 resumes power supply from the next (opposite) vehicle arriving at segment 7. If vehicle 3 remains directly above segment 7 for more than a predetermined time, the D-WPT service session restarts at A70. If the power outage lasts for more than a predetermined time, the supply device 5 restarts from the open state A10. It should be noted that in this case, a message indicating a power outage may also be sent from the supply device 5 to vehicle 3, and vehicle 3 will also restart from the open state A40.

[0166] As a second example, in the event of a power outage in AC power supply 6 and at least one of the constituent elements segment 7, primary device 13, and second communication device 130, during power restoration, if vehicle 3 is directly above segment 7, power supply begins from the next vehicle 3 after that vehicle 3 has passed. In other words, the vehicle 3 directly above segment 7 resumes power supply from the next (opposite) vehicle arriving at segment 7. If vehicle 3 remains directly above segment 7 for a predetermined time or longer, the D-WPT service session resumes from A70. If the power outage lasts for a predetermined time or longer, the supply device 5 resumes from the open state A10. It should be noted that in this case, a message indicating a power outage may also be sent from the supply device 5 to vehicle 3, and vehicle 3 may also resume from the open state A40.

[0167] Figure 9 This is a flowchart illustrating an example of control for detecting anomalies in a wireless power transmission system. Figure 10 This is a flowchart illustrating an example of a monitoring method used to detect anomalies. Figure 11 This is a flowchart used to illustrate the prescribed process. It is a flowchart illustrating the first example of a control method that compares information from wide-area wireless communication with information from narrow-area wireless communication to determine compatibility.

[0168] like Figure 9 As shown, the power supply ECU 110 of the management device 8 monitors the power supply device 5 for any abnormalities in its power supply via the abnormality determination unit 540 (step S41). If the abnormality determination unit 540 determines that no abnormality has occurred (step S42: No), step S41 continues. If the abnormality determination unit 540 determines that an abnormality has occurred (step S42: Yes), a predetermined action is performed (step S43).

[0169] Figure 10 yes Figure 9 The flowchart for monitoring anomalies in step S41 is shown. Figure 10 As shown, the supply device 5 communicates with the server 30, etc., via the first communication device 120 (step S51). The anomaly determination unit 540 of the power supply ECU 110 determines whether it has received information (notification of disaster, traffic accident, etc.) that affects the supply device 5, in the information received by the first communication device 120 (step S52). If the anomaly determination unit 540 determines that no notification of disaster, etc. has been received (step S52: No), wide-area wireless communication continues. If the anomaly determination unit 540 determines that a notification of disaster, etc. has been received (step S52: Yes), the timing unit 542 of the anomaly determination unit 540 sets the power outage time to be more than a predetermined time (step S53). The anomaly determination unit 540 sets an anomaly determination flag (step S63).

[0170] Furthermore, during communication via the first communication device 120 (step S51), the anomaly determination unit 540 determines whether a communication interruption has been detected (step S54). The communication interruption is an interruption of at least one of wide-area wireless communication and narrow-area wireless communication, including interruptions in communication with the vehicle 3 and communication with the server 30. If the anomaly determination unit 540 determines that no communication interruption has been detected (step S54: No), wide-area wireless communication continues. On the other hand, if the anomaly determination unit 540 determines that a communication interruption has been detected (step S54: Yes), a communication trial is performed and the number of trials is counted (step S55). Meanwhile, the timing unit 542 counts the duration of the communication interruption (step S57). It should be noted that steps S55 and S57 can be executed in parallel. The anomaly determination unit 540, triggered by the occurrence of a communication interruption, counts the number of communication trials in at least one of wide-area wireless communication and narrow-area wireless communication (step S55). If the anomaly determination unit 540 determines that the number of trials has exceeded the predetermined number (step S56: Yes), an anomaly determination flag is set (step S63). The anomaly determination unit 540 counts the elapsed time of no response using the timing unit 542 (step S57), and if it determines that the elapsed time has exceeded the predetermined time (step S58: Yes), an anomaly determination flag is set (step S63). On the other hand, if the anomaly determination unit 540 determines that the number of trials is less than the predetermined number (step S56: No), the detection of communication interruption continues. Similarly, if the anomaly determination unit 540 determines that the elapsed time of no response is less than the predetermined time (step S58: No), the detection of communication interruption continues. Therefore, if the communication interruption is a short period of about a few seconds starting from a few μs, it can be determined that it is not an anomaly, thus reducing false detections of anomalies.

[0171] Furthermore, the anomaly determination unit 540 monitors the voltage of each component constituting the supply device 5 via the voltage monitoring unit 541 (step S59). If any component monitored by the voltage monitoring unit 541 has a voltage below a predetermined voltage (step S60: Yes), the timing unit 542 begins timing from the point in time when the voltage of at least one of the multiple components constituting the supply device 5 is detected by the voltage monitoring unit 541 to decrease (step S61). It should be noted that the voltage decrease caused by a power outage is also considered. If the elapsed time measured by the timing unit 542 is less than a predetermined time (step S62: No), the anomaly determination unit 540 continues with steps S60 to S62. If the anomaly determination unit 540 determines that the elapsed time measured by the timing unit 542 has exceeded the predetermined time (step S62: Yes), the anomaly determination unit 540 sets an anomaly determination flag (step S63).

[0172] These steps S52-S53, S63, S54-S58, S63, and S59-S62, S63 can be executed in parallel or selectively. If an exception detection flag is set through one of these steps, then... Figure 9 In step S42, the anomaly determination unit 540 determines that an anomaly has occurred in the supply device 5 (step S42: Yes). If no anomaly determination flag is set (step S63 is not implemented), the anomaly determination unit 540 determines that no anomaly has occurred in the supply device 5 (step S42: No).

[0173] Figure 11 express Figure 9 The flowchart shows the actions specified in step S43. Figure 11 As shown, a power outage first occurs due to the cessation of power supply from the system power supply, or due to an anomaly in a component of the supply device 5, resulting in a power outage caused by the cessation of the supply device 5 (step S71). The timing unit 542 of the anomaly determination unit 540 starts counting the power outage time (step S72). The counting of the power outage time by the timing unit 542 continues until the power outage is restored (step S73: No). Then, if the power outage is restored (step S73: Yes), the power supply ECU 110 determines whether the power outage time is longer than a predetermined time (step S74). If the power outage time is longer than the predetermined time (step S74: Yes), the supply device 5 restarts from the open state A10 (step S75) (see reference). Figure 6 On the other hand, if the power outage time is less than the specified time (step S74: No), the supply device 5 restarts from the D-WPT service session A70 (step S76) (see reference). Figure 6It should be noted that when restarting from a D-WPT service session A70, it can begin with either the compatibility check and service authentication A110, or the pairing / alignment check A130. Here, in the power outage time counting, a power outage determination time can be input to the non-volatile memory, and the power outage recovery time can be obtained upon power outage recovery and compared with the power outage determination time to calculate the power outage time. Alternatively, when the count exceeds a threshold, a specified time can be input to the non-volatile memory for determination, and the recovery action can be determined based on the determination result upon power outage recovery. The power supply ECU 110 can also monitor the ECU's operating voltage, and if it falls below a specified threshold, a specified time can be input to the non-volatile memory for determination, and the recovery action can be determined based on the determination result upon power outage recovery. It should be noted that the determination time and recovery time refer to the standard time received using standard radio waves.

[0174] Here, if the anomaly determination unit 540 determines that an anomaly has occurred in the supply device 5, the power supply ECU 110 of the supply device 5 can also send information about the occurrence of the anomaly and information about the recovery method to the vehicle 3 via the first communication device 120 or the second communication device 130. The recovery method information includes information about restarting (recovering) the D-WPT service session A70 or restarting (recovering) from the on state A10 (A40) (normal confirmation information) (see reference). Figure 6 In vehicle 3, based on the received normal confirmation information, the power receiving device 20 of vehicle 3 is restarted from the on state A40 or the D-WPT service session A70.

[0175] The determination of abnormality detection and restart process after power failure can also be performed by vehicle ECU 330 instead of power supply ECU 110.

[0176] Industrial applicability

[0177] According to the present invention, a non-contact power supply system, a power supply device, and a power receiving device for driving can be provided. By defining the restart method of the roadside power supply device after a power outage, the safety and efficiency of restarting the power transmission process after a power outage can be taken into account.

[0178] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0179] 1 Wireless power transmission system

[0180] 2. Supply equipment

[0181] 3 vehicles

[0182] 4 roads

[0183] 5. Supply device

[0184] 6 AC power supply

[0185] 10 Power Transmission Equipment

[0186] 11 primary coil

[0187] 20 power receiving devices

[0188] 21 secondary coil

[0189] 540 Anomaly Detection Department

[0190] 541 Voltage Monitoring Unit

[0191] 542 Timing Department.

Claims

1. A non-contact power supply system for driving, wherein power is supplied from a roadside power supply device to a moving vehicle equipped with a vehicle-side power receiving device in a non-contact manner, wherein, The roadside power supply device includes: a first communication device capable of performing wide-area wireless communication with the vehicle-side power receiving device; a second communication device capable of performing narrow-area wireless communication with the vehicle-side power receiving device; and an anomaly determination unit for determining anomalies in the roadside power supply device. If the anomaly determination unit determines that an anomaly has occurred, the prescribed action is performed in the roadside power supply device.

2. The non-contact power supply system during driving according to claim 1, wherein, The anomaly is a power outage in the roadside power supply unit. The prescribed actions include: The restart of the roadside power supply device after a power outage; Measurement of the restart time from the power outage to its resumption; and The process of changing the restart of the roadside power supply device is as follows: if the restart time is less than the specified time or if the restart time is more than the specified time.

3. The non-contact power supply system during driving according to claim 1, wherein, The anomaly is an internal power outage of the roadside power supply unit. The prescribed actions include: The restart of the roadside power supply device after a power outage; Measurement of the restart time from the power outage to its resumption; and If the restart time is less than the specified time, the service session will restart; if the restart time is more than the specified time, the session will start from the open state.

4. The non-contact power supply system during driving according to claim 3, wherein, The roadside power supply device comprises multiple segments arranged along the road. At the point when the roadside power supply device resumes power after a power outage, if a specified segment exists opposite to the vehicle-side power receiving device, the vehicle-side power receiving device resumes power supply from the next opposite segment.

5. The non-contact power supply system during driving according to claim 1, wherein, When the anomaly determination unit receives notification of an accident or disaster via the wide-area wireless communication, it determines that an anomaly has occurred.

6. The non-contact power supply system during driving according to claim 1, wherein, The anomaly determination unit determines that an anomaly has occurred in at least one of the following situations: there is no communication response in at least one of the wide-area wireless communication and the narrow-area wireless communication; the number of communication trials is at least a predetermined number; and the elapsed time based on the lack of response during the communication trials is at least a predetermined time.

7. The non-contact power supply system during driving according to claim 1, wherein, The anomaly detection unit includes: a voltage monitoring unit for monitoring the voltage of the roadside power supply device; and a time measuring unit for measuring the elapsed time. The time measurement unit begins measuring time from the point in time when the voltage monitoring unit detects a decrease in the voltage of at least one of the multiple components constituting the roadside power supply device. If the elapsed time exceeds a predetermined period, the anomaly determination unit determines that an anomaly has occurred.

8. The non-contact power supply system during driving according to claim 1, wherein, The anomaly determination unit uses at least one anomaly determination element selected from the following anomaly determination elements to perform anomaly determination: Anomaly detection elements when receiving notification of an accident or disaster via the wide-area wireless communication; Anomaly determination elements are defined in at least one of the following situations: no communication response in at least one of the wide-area wireless communication and the narrow-area wireless communication; at least the number of communication trials is more than a predetermined number; and the elapsed time of no response based on the communication trial is more than a predetermined time. and The anomaly determination unit includes a voltage monitoring unit for monitoring the voltage of the roadside power supply device and a time measuring unit for measuring elapsed time. The time measuring unit starts measuring time from the time point when the voltage monitoring unit detects a decrease in the voltage of at least one of the multiple components constituting the roadside power supply device. The anomaly determination unit determines an anomaly when the elapsed time is more than a predetermined time.

9. The non-contact power supply system during driving according to claim 1, wherein, When the anomaly determination unit determines that an anomaly is present, as a prescribed action, after stopping the power supply provided by the power supply device, the system resumes operation from the on state.

10. The non-contact power supply system for driving according to claim 1, wherein, When the anomaly determination unit determines that an anomaly is occurring, as per the prescribed action, the voltage of the roadside power supply device is monitored, and if it is within the normal range, the service session is restored.

11. The in-vehicle contactless power supply system according to claim 1, wherein, The vehicle-side power receiving device includes: a third communication device for performing the wide-area wireless communication with the road-side power supply device; and a fourth communication device for performing the narrow-area wireless communication with the road-side power supply device. When the anomaly determination unit determines that an anomaly is occurring, the roadside power supply device, as a predetermined action, transmits information about the anomaly to the vehicle-side power receiving device via the wide-area wireless communication or the narrow-area wireless communication.

12. The in-vehicle contactless power supply system according to claim 11, wherein, When the anomaly determination unit determines that the roadside power supply device is abnormal, as per the prescribed action, the roadside power supply device shuts down and sends a normal confirmation message containing information to restore the vehicle-side power receiving device via the wide-area wireless communication or the narrow-area wireless communication.

13. The in-vehicle contactless power supply system according to claim 12, wherein, Upon receiving the normal confirmation information, the vehicle-side power receiving device restarts the service session from the on state based on the normal confirmation information.

14. A power supply device for supplying power to a moving vehicle equipped with a vehicle-side power receiving device in a non-contact manner, wherein, The power supply device includes: a first communication device capable of performing wide-area wireless communication with the vehicle-side power receiving device; a second communication device capable of performing narrow-area wireless communication with the vehicle-side power receiving device; and an anomaly determination unit for determining an anomaly. If the anomaly determination unit determines that an anomaly has occurred, it shall perform the prescribed action.

15. A power receiving device, capable of being mounted on a vehicle, wherein, The power receiving device is configured to receive power from a roadside power supply device without contact while the vehicle is in motion. The roadside power supply device includes: a first communication device capable of performing wide-area wireless communication with the power receiving device; a second communication device capable of performing narrow-area wireless communication with the power receiving device; and an anomaly determination unit for determining an anomaly in the roadside power supply device, wherein the roadside power supply device is configured to perform a predetermined action when the anomaly determination unit determines that an anomaly has occurred.

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