Flow discharge groove system for danger elimination of barrier lake and working method of flow discharge groove system

Abstract

The invention discloses a sluice channel system for danger elimination of a barrier lake and a working method of the sluice channel system, and relates to the field of emergency disposal of barrier lakes. The sluice channel system comprises a sluice channel structure, an anti-scour layer and a monitoring system, the anti-scour layer comprises a plurality of air bag cushion units, and the air bag cushion units are laid on the sluice channel structure; the monitoring system comprises a flow velocity sensor and a control unit. By integrating the sluice groove structure, the anti-scouring layer and the monitoring system, dynamic regulation and control of the sluice groove scouring process can be achieved. When the flow velocity sensor detects that the water flow reaches a preset scouring critical value, the control unit starts the air bag cushion unit to sink to form a continuous anti-scouring covering layer so as to inhibit impact erosion of the water flow to the tank bottom, the anti-scouring covering layer is utilized to reduce damage of high-speed water flow phenomena such as cavitation erosion and pulsating pressure to the tank body, and the stability of the tank bottom is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of emergency disposal of barrier lake, and particularly relates to a drainage channel system for barrier lake risk removal and a working method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Barrier lake is a natural reservoir formed by blocking river channel by landslide, collapse or debris flow and other geological disasters, and the dam structure is loose and poor in stability, which poses a serious threat to the upstream and downstream areas. At present, the emergency disposal of barrier lake mainly relies on methods such as excavation of drainage channel, blasting drainage or siphon drainage. Among them, the excavation of drainage channel is the most commonly used technology, which excavates a groove on the barrier body by machine or manually to guide the lake water to flow down.

[0003] In related technologies, the drainage channel is designed in a straight line with equal width, and the drainage channel is composed of a channel bottom plate and side walls on both sides. The water flowing in the drainage channel is high-speed torrent, which is easy to produce high-speed water phenomena such as cavitation, cavitation erosion and pulsating pressure, and impact waves are easy to produce when the cross section changes or there is a bend. Its structure design is single, the actual anti-scouring capacity is insufficient, and the channel body is easy to deform or collapse due to water erosion, which affects the drainage effect. SUMMARY

[0004] Therefore, the present application provides a drainage channel system for barrier lake risk removal and a working method thereof to solve the problems in the background art.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a drainage channel system for barrier lake risk removal, comprising: a drainage channel structure adapted to be arranged on the upper end of the barrier body; a scouring prevention layer comprising a plurality of air bag pad units, the plurality of air bag pad units being laid on the drainage channel structure; a monitoring system comprising a flow rate sensor and a control unit, the flow rate sensor being used to monitor the flow rate of water in the drainage channel; the control unit is in communication connection with the flow rate sensor, and the control unit is in communication connection with the air bag pad unit, and the control unit is configured to: when the received flow rate data reaches the preset scouring critical value, control the air bag pad unit to start the sinking action, so that the air bag pad unit is at the bottom of the drainage channel and forms a continuous scouring prevention cover layer.

[0006] Beneficial effects: The application can realize dynamic regulation and control of the scouring process of the spillway through the integration of the spillway structure, the anti-scouring layer and the monitoring system. When the flow rate sensor detects that the water flow reaches the preset scouring critical value, the control unit starts the air bag cushion unit to sink, forming a continuous anti-scouring cover layer to inhibit the impact erosion of the water flow on the bottom of the tank. The anti-scouring cover layer reduces the damage of high-speed water flow phenomena such as cavitation and impulsive pressure to the tank body, and improves the stability of the tank bottom. In addition, the repeated floating and sinking operation of the air bag cushion unit, such as inflation to float, to allow normal scouring, and deflation to sink to form protection, can control the discharge flow in stages to avoid the risk of instability and dam collapse caused by the sharp change of the tank bottom elevation.

[0007] In some embodiments, the spillway system further comprises a connecting energy consumption mechanism adapted to connect the weir body and the spillway structure; the connecting energy consumption mechanism is provided with a plurality of; the connecting energy consumption mechanism comprises an anchoring device, a support rope and a protective energy consumption component; both ends of the support rope are anchored to the mountain body through the anchoring device; the energy consumption component is connected in series on the support rope, and the energy consumption element is used to absorb and dissipate the impact energy of the water flow on the spillway structure.

[0008] Beneficial effects: connecting multiple energy consumption components in series on the support rope can absorb the kinetic energy of the water flow impact, reduce the direct stress on the spillway structure, and prevent the side wall from collapsing; the support rope is fixed to the mountain body through the anchoring device, which can form a transverse restraint force, improve the overall connection of the weir body and the spillway structure, and be suitable for loose weir body geological conditions; distributing multiple connecting energy consumption mechanisms can resist impact in different sections and adapt to irregular terrain of the weir body.

[0009] In some embodiments, the support rope extends in the horizontal direction, and the protective energy consumption component comprises a plurality of energy consumption elements connected in series on the support rope. The energy consumption element is provided as a spring element and a shock absorber element.

[0010] Beneficial effects: the spring element provides elastic buffering force, and the shock absorber element consumes energy through hydraulic damping, both of which can cover impact fluctuations of different frequencies and improve energy consumption efficiency.

[0011] In some embodiments, the anchoring device comprises an anchor rod and an anchor hole provided on both sides of the weir body and the mountain body, and the anchor rod is threadedly connected with the anchor hole. The anchoring depth of the anchoring device is 3-5m.

[0012] Beneficial effects: the combination of the anchor rod and the anchor hole in threaded connection can simplify the installation process, quickly deploy in the scene, and also allow for later adjustment; the anchoring depth is 3-5m, which can penetrate the loose layer of the surface layer of the weir body and anchor to the stable rock mass to prevent overall sliding.

[0013] In some embodiments, the overflow channel structure is a composite cross-section structure, the overflow channel structure includes a lower rectangular channel segment and an upper trapezoidal channel segment, the rectangular channel segment and the trapezoidal channel segment are connected; The length of the rectangular groove segment is less than the length of the trapezoidal groove segment, and the width of the rectangular groove segment is less than the width of the trapezoidal groove segment.

[0014] Beneficial effects: Trapezoidal channel sections can enlarge the inlet cross-section and guide the water flow to enter smoothly; disperse the surface water flow energy and avoid local collapse; rectangular channel sections maintain the stability of high-speed water flow and can reduce the shock waves caused by bends or cross-sectional changes; rectangular channel sections concentrate the water flow on the central side, which can reduce the scouring of the side walls.

[0015] In some embodiments, the length of the rectangular groove segment is 80-120m and the width is 8-12m; The length of the trapezoidal groove section is 130-170m, and the top width is 13-17m; The length ratio of the rectangular groove segment to the trapezoidal groove segment ranges from 0.6 to 0.8, and the width ratio ranges from 0.6 to 0.8.

[0016] Beneficial effects: This proportional design ensures that the water flow transitions smoothly from the trapezoidal section to the rectangular section without significant impact, reducing localized scouring. The short and narrow rectangular section accelerates the water flow's downward cut, while the long and wide trapezoidal section delays the confluence time, controlling flood peaks. Furthermore, it allows for a balance between excavation volume and flow capacity in the spillway structure, optimizing excavation costs.

[0017] In some embodiments, the thickness of the airbag cushion unit is 4-6 mm, and the internal pressure of the airbag cushion unit is 0.5-1.0 MPa; the airbag cushion units are fixedly connected to each other by connectors.

[0018] Beneficial effects: This thickness design balances tear resistance and flexibility, with the flexibility adapting to the terrain of the tank bottom to fully cover it; the pressure range design ensures that the airbag cushions maintain their shape under the impact of the outflow and fully adhere to the tank bottom during sinking. Connectors securely link the individual airbag cushion units into a whole, preventing them from being overturned by the water flow.

[0019] In some embodiments, the spillway system further includes a flow control system, which is disposed at the inlet of the spillway structure; the flow control system is configured as a hydraulic structure, and includes a gate body and a hydraulic cylinder for driving the gate body to move.

[0020] Beneficial effects: the gate body adjusts the opening degree through the hydraulic cylinder to adjust the flow area of the spillway structure, realizes the regulation and control of the flow capacity, and can improve the working flexibility of the spillway structure; the inflow into the spillway can be limited when the rainfall increases suddenly, and the supercritical spillage can be avoided.

[0021] In some embodiments, the monitoring system further comprises: a hydrological monitoring unit comprising an ultrasonic water level sensor for monitoring the upstream water level; a structure safety monitoring unit comprising a three-dimensional laser scanner for monitoring the deformation and movement of the dammed body; The control unit is in communication connection with each monitoring unit.

[0022] Beneficial effects: the upstream water level is monitored by the ultrasonic water level sensor to assist in judging the capacity of the dammed lake; the three-dimensional laser scanning system is used to monitor the movement or deformation of the dammed body; the monitoring system realizes early warning by dynamically detecting the water level and the structural parameters of the dammed body, and improves the safety warning capability of the structure to the upstream and downstream regions.

[0023] In a second aspect, the present application also provides a working method of a spillway system for dammed lake risk relief, comprising the following steps: excavating a spillway structure on the dammed body; laying a scour protection assembly composed of multiple air bag pad units at the bottom of the spillway structure, and installing a connecting energy dissipation mechanism on the dammed body; real-time monitoring of hydrological parameters and structural parameters of the dammed body by the monitoring system; when the flow velocity reaches the preset scouring critical value, the monitoring system controls the scour protection assembly to form a scour protection cover layer, and dissipates the kinetic energy of the water flow through the connecting energy dissipation mechanism; dynamically adjusting the operating state of the spillway structure according to the monitoring data.

[0024] Beneficial effects: through the excavation of the spillway structure, the laying of the air bag pad units, and the setting of the monitoring, a complete spillway system is formed; when the flow velocity sensor detects that the water flow reaches the preset scouring critical value, the monitoring system starts the air bag pad units to sink and form a continuous scour protection cover layer to inhibit the impact and erosion of the water flow on the bottom of the channel, thereby improving the stability of the channel bottom; the spillway system can safely and quickly respond to the impact of high-speed water flow through active response execution, thereby ensuring reliable spillage effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the following specific embodiment or prior art description will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to these drawings without creative labor.

[0026] Figure 1 A schematic view of the spillway structure and the dam body of the embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 A schematic view of the A-A section; Figure 1 A schematic view of the A-A section; Figure 3 A schematic view of the structure of the scour protection layer and the connecting energy dissipation mechanism of the embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 A working schematic view of the spillway system of the embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 A schematic view of the structure of the spillway structure of the embodiment of the present application.

[0027] Explanation of reference signs: 1, spillway structure; 101, rectangular groove section; 102, trapezoidal groove section; 201, air bag cushion unit; 202, connecting piece; 203, exhaust valve; 301, support rope; 302, energy dissipation element; 401, flow rate sensor; 402, control unit; 403, hydrological monitoring unit; 404, structural safety monitoring unit; 501, gate body; 502, hydraulic cylinder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below in connection with the drawings of the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are some but not all of the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0029] The embodiments of the present application will be described below in connection with Figures 1 to 5 .

[0030] According to the embodiments of the present application, in one aspect, a spillway system for damming lake danger relief is provided, as shown in Figures 1 to 5 , the spillway system comprises a spillway structure 1, a scour protection layer and a monitoring system; the spillway structure 1 is adapted to be arranged on the upper end of the dam body 7, the scour protection layer comprises a plurality of air bag cushion units 201, and the plurality of air bag cushion units 201 are laid on the spillway structure 1.

[0031] In the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 4 , the monitoring system comprises a flow rate sensor 401 and a control unit 402, the flow rate sensor 401 is used for monitoring the flow rate of water flow in the spillway; the control unit 402 is in communication connection with the flow rate sensor 401, and the control unit 402 is in communication connection with the air bag cushion unit 201.

[0032] The control unit 402 is configured to control the air bag cushion unit 201 to start the sinking action when the received flow rate data reaches the preset scouring critical value, so that the air bag cushion unit 201 is at the bottom of the spillway and a continuous anti-scouring cover layer is formed.

[0033] The application can realize dynamic regulation and control of the scouring process of the spillway by integrating the spillway structure 1, the anti-scouring layer and the monitoring system. When the flow rate sensor 401 detects that the water flow reaches the preset scouring critical value, the control unit 402 starts the sinking of the air bag cushion unit 201 to form a continuous anti-scouring cover layer to inhibit the impact erosion of the water flow on the bottom of the spillway. The anti-scouring cover layer reduces the damage of high-speed water flow phenomena such as cavitation and pulsating pressure to the spillway body, and improves the stability of the bottom of the spillway. In addition, the repeated floating and sinking operation of the air bag cushion unit 201, such as inflation floating to allow normal scouring and deflation sinking to form protection, can control the discharge flow in stages to avoid the risk of instability and dam collapse caused by the sharp change of the elevation of the bottom of the spillway.

[0034] In specific embodiments, as shown in FIG. 1, the spillway structure 1 is a composite cross-section structure, which includes a lower rectangular slot section 101 and an upper trapezoidal slot section 102, and the rectangular slot section 101 is in communication with the trapezoidal slot section 102. Figure 5 In specific embodiments, as shown in FIG. 1, the spillway structure 1 is a composite cross-section structure, which includes a lower rectangular slot section 101 and an upper trapezoidal slot section 102, and the rectangular slot section 101 is in communication with the trapezoidal slot section 102.

[0035] In specific embodiments, the length of the rectangular slot section 101 is 80-120m, and the width is 8-12m; the length of the trapezoidal slot section 102 is 130-170m, and the top width is 13-17m; the length ratio of the rectangular slot section 101 to the trapezoidal slot section 102 is 0.6-0.8, and the width ratio is 0.6-0.8.

[0036] For such a ratio design of the rectangular slot section 101 and the trapezoidal slot section 102, the length ratio is 0.6-0.8, and the width ratio is 0.6-0.8, which can ensure that there is no large change impact when the water flow transitions from the trapezoidal section to the rectangular section, and reduce local scouring. The short and narrow design of the rectangular section can accelerate the water flow incision, and the long and wide design of the trapezoidal section can delay the convergence time and control the flood peak. In addition, the excavation cost can be optimized by balancing the excavation volume and the flow capacity of the spillway structure 1.

[0037] The drainage groove system provided by the embodiment has a composite cross-section design, and the combination of the rectangular bottom and the trapezoidal upper part can actually increase the unit width flow by 15-20%, improve the drainage efficiency, quickly drain the accumulated water of the dammed lake, reduce the upstream water level, and effectively eliminate the risk of dammed lake breaching.

[0038] In specific embodiments, the thickness of the air bag cushion unit 201 is 4-6 mm, and the internal pressure of the air bag cushion unit 201 is 0.5-1.0 MPa; the air bag cushion units 201 are fixedly connected to each other through the connecting pieces. The thickness of the air bag cushion unit 201 can balance the tearing resistance and flexibility, and the flexibility can adapt to the bottom terrain of the groove to fully cover the bottom terrain of the groove; the pressure range design can ensure that the air bag cushion maintains its shape under the impact of the drainage and fully adheres to the bottom when sinking.

[0039] In the scheme, the air bag cushion units 201 are firmly connected as a whole through the connecting pieces 202 to prevent being overturned by the water flow impact; the connecting pieces can be set as buckle connecting pieces.

[0040] In specific embodiments, the air bag cushion unit 201 includes an air bag piece and an exhaust valve 203, the exhaust valve is arranged in communication with the inner cavity of the air bag piece, and the compressed gas in the inner cavity of the air bag piece is overflowed by opening the exhaust valve; the exhaust valve can be set as an electric exhaust valve.

[0041] In a specific embodiment, when the flow rate monitored by the flow rate sensor 401 reaches 6 m / s or more, the air bag cushion unit 201 automatically sinks to form an anti-scouring cover layer.

[0042] In specific embodiments, the drainage groove system further includes a connecting energy consumption mechanism adapted to connect the dammed body 7 and the drainage groove structure 1; the connecting energy consumption mechanism is provided with multiple connecting energy consumption mechanisms. The connecting energy consumption mechanism plays a role in absorbing part of the water flow energy and reducing the lateral tension during the drainage process; at the same time, it also plays a role in connecting and reinforcing the dammed body 7 itself.

[0043] Specifically, as shown in FIG. 8, the connecting energy consumption mechanism includes a connecting piece 202 and a connecting energy consumption mechanism 204. Figure 3As shown, the energy-dissipating mechanism includes an anchoring device, a support rope 301, and a protective energy-dissipating component. The two ends of the support rope 301 are anchored to the mountain via the anchoring device. The protective energy-dissipating component includes several energy-dissipating elements 302, which are connected in series to the support rope 301. These energy-dissipating elements 302 are used to absorb and dissipate the impact energy of the water flow on the spillway structure 1. Connecting multiple energy-dissipating components in series on the support rope 301 can absorb the impact kinetic energy of the water flow, reduce the direct stress on the spillway structure 1, and prevent sidewall collapse. The support rope 301, fixed to the mountain via the anchoring device, can form a lateral restraint force, improving the overall connection between the landslide dam 7 and the spillway structure 1, and is suitable for loose landslide dam geological conditions. Distributing multiple energy-dissipating mechanisms can resist impacts in different sections and adapt to the irregular terrain of the landslide dam 7.

[0044] In a specific embodiment, the anchoring device includes anchor rods (not shown in the figure) and anchor holes (not shown in the figure) fixed on both sides of the mountainside of the landslide dam 7. The anchor rods and anchor holes are threaded together. The anchoring depth of the anchoring device is 3-5m. The combined threaded connection of the anchor rods and anchor holes simplifies the installation process, allows for rapid deployment in the scenario, and also allows for later adjustments. The anchoring depth of 3-5m may penetrate the loose surface layer of the landslide dam 7 and anchor to the stable rock mass, preventing overall slippage.

[0045] In a specific embodiment, the anchor rod is made of high-strength alloy steel with a diameter of 48-52mm; the hole diameter of the anchor hole is set to 58-62mm.

[0046] In a specific embodiment, the support rope 301 extends horizontally, and the energy-dissipating element 302 is configured as a spring element and a shock absorber element. The spring element provides elastic buffering force, and the shock absorber element dissipates energy through hydraulic damping. Both can cover impact fluctuations of different frequencies, thereby improving energy dissipation efficiency.

[0047] In a specific embodiment, the spring element is made of stainless steel and has a cylindrical structure; the outer diameter is 18-22mm and the free length is 180-220mm.

[0048] In a specific embodiment, the shock absorber element is made of rubber and has a cylindrical structure; the outer diameter is 25-35mm and the compression stroke is 80-120mm.

[0049] In a specific embodiment, the shock absorber element has an assembly cavity inside, and the spring element is disposed inside the assembly cavity of the shock absorber element.

[0050] In specific embodiments, such as Figure 4As shown, the monitoring system further comprises a hydrological monitoring unit 403 and a structure safety monitoring unit 404; the hydrological monitoring unit 403 comprises an ultrasonic water level sensor for monitoring the upstream water level; the structure safety monitoring unit 404 comprises a three-dimensional laser scanner for monitoring the deformation and movement of the dammed body 7; and the control unit 402 is in communication connection with each monitoring unit.

[0051] The drainage groove system provided by the embodiment monitors the upstream water level by means of the ultrasonic water level sensor to assist in judging the reservoir capacity of the dammed lake; the three-dimensional laser scanning system is used to monitor the movement or deformation of the dammed body 7; and the monitoring system dynamically detects the water level and the structural parameters of the dammed body 7 to improve the timeliness and accuracy of emergency disposal, realize early warning, timely discover the risk of breaching, and improve the safety warning capability of the structure to the upstream and downstream regions.

[0052] In the specific working process, the system can be configured with a remote control system, and the monitoring data and control instructions are transmitted in real time to the control center through a wireless communication mode to realize intelligent monitoring and remote control of the drainage process.

[0053] In a further embodiment, the drainage groove system further comprises a flow regulation system, which is arranged at the inlet of the drainage groove structure 1; the flow regulation system is arranged as a hydraulic structure, such as Figure 4 As shown, the flow regulation system comprises a gate body 501 and a hydraulic cylinder 502 for driving the gate body 501 to move. The gate body 501 adjusts the opening degree through the hydraulic cylinder 502 to adjust the flow area of the drainage groove structure 1, realizes the regulation of the flow capacity, and can improve the working flexibility of the drainage groove structure 1; and can limit the inflow when the rainfall increases suddenly to avoid supercritical drainage.

[0054] In the specific type selection and design, the type of the flow regulation system is A10V-DAZ32-30-HD-E, and the size of the drainage section can be flexibly adjusted by controlling the opening degree.

[0055] According to the embodiment of the application, on the other hand, a working method of a drainage groove system for dammed lake risk relief is also provided, which comprises the following steps: Excavating the drainage groove structure 1 on the dammed body 7; Laying a plurality of air bag pad units 201 to form an anti-scouring assembly at the bottom of the drainage groove structure 1, and installing a connecting energy dissipation mechanism on the dammed body 7; Real-time monitoring of the hydrological parameters and the structural parameters of the dammed body 7 by the monitoring system; when the flow velocity reaches the preset scouring critical value, the monitoring system controls the anti-scouring assembly to form an anti-scouring cover layer, and consumes the kinetic energy of the water flow through the connecting energy dissipation mechanism; According to the monitoring data, the operating state of the drainage groove structure 1 is dynamically adjusted.

[0056] The working method provided by the embodiment is used for forming a complete drainage groove system through excavation of the drainage groove structure 1, paving of the air bag pad unit 201, and setting of each monitoring link. When the flow rate sensor 401 detects that the water flow reaches a preset scouring critical value, the monitoring system starts the air bag pad unit 201 to sink, a continuous scouring prevention cover layer is formed, the impact erosion of the water flow on the groove bottom is inhibited, and the stability of the groove bottom is improved. The drainage groove system can safely and quickly respond to the impact of high-speed water flow in a manner of active response execution, and reliable drainage effect is guaranteed.

[0057] Although the embodiments of the present application are described in conjunction with the drawings, various modifications and changes can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, and such modifications and changes fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A spillway system for the relief of a dammed lake, characterized in that, The application relates to a spillway system. The spillway structure (1) is arranged on the upper end of the barrier body (7). The anti-scour layer comprises a plurality of air bag cushion units (201), and the air bag cushion units (201) are arranged on the spillway structure (1). The monitoring system comprises a flow rate sensor (401) and a control unit (402), the flow rate sensor (401) is used for monitoring the flow rate of water flow in the spillway, the control unit (402) is in communication connection with the flow rate sensor (401), the control unit (402) is in communication connection with the air bag cushion unit (201), and the control unit (402) is configured to control the air bag cushion unit (201) to start a sinking action when the received flow rate data reaches a preset scour critical value, so that the air bag cushion unit (201) is arranged at the bottom of the spillway and a continuous anti-scour cover layer is formed.

2. The flow chute system of claim 1, wherein, The spillway system further comprises connecting energy consumption mechanisms which are arranged between the barrier body (7) and the spillway structure (1), the connecting energy consumption mechanisms are provided in plurality, the connecting energy consumption mechanisms comprise anchoring devices, support ropes (301) and protective energy consumption components, the two ends of the support rope (301) are anchored to the mountain body through the anchoring devices, and the energy consumption components are connected in series on the support rope (301), so that the energy consumption mechanisms are used for absorbing and dissipating the impact energy of water flow on the spillway structure (1).

3. The flow chute system of claim 2, wherein, The support rope (301) extends in the horizontal direction, the protective energy consumption component comprises a plurality of energy consumption elements (302), and the energy consumption elements (302) are arranged in series on the support rope (301). The energy consumption elements (302) are provided in the form of spring elements and shock absorber elements.

4. The flow chute system of claim 2, wherein, The anchoring device comprises an anchor rod and anchor hole members which are fixedly arranged on the mountain bodies on the two sides of the barrier body (7), the anchor rod is in screw thread connection with the anchor hole members. The anchoring depth of the anchoring device is 3-5 m.

5. The flow chute system of claim 1, wherein, The spillway structure (1) is a composite cross-section structure, the spillway structure (1) comprises a lower rectangular groove section (101) and an upper trapezoidal groove section (102), and the rectangular groove section (101) and the trapezoidal groove section (102) are in communication. The length of the rectangular groove section (101) is smaller than that of the trapezoidal groove section (102), and the width of the rectangular groove section (101) is smaller than that of the trapezoidal groove section (102).

6. The flow chute system of claim 5, wherein, The length of the rectangular groove section (101) is 80-120 m, and the width is 8-12 m. The length of the trapezoidal groove section (102) is 130-170 m, and the top width is 13-17 m. The length ratio of the rectangular groove section (101) to the trapezoidal groove section (102) is 0.6-0.8, and the width ratio is 0.6-0.

8.

7. The flow chute system of claim 1, wherein, The thickness of the air bag cushion unit (201) is 4-6 mm, the internal pressure of the air bag cushion unit (201) is 0.5-1.0 MPa, and the air bag cushion units (201) are fixedly connected to each other through connecting pieces.

8. The spillway system according to any one of claims 1-7, The flow control system is arranged at the inlet of the spillway structure (1) and is arranged as a hydraulic structure, and the flow control system comprises a gate body (501) and a hydraulic cylinder (502) for driving the gate body (501) to move.

9. The flow chute system of any one of claims 1-7, wherein, The monitoring system further comprises: a hydrological monitoring unit (403) comprising an ultrasonic water level sensor for monitoring the upstream water level; a structure safety monitoring unit (404) comprising a three-dimensional laser scanner for monitoring the deformation and movement of the barrier body (7); the control unit (402) is in communication connection with each monitoring unit.

10. A method of operating a drainage channel system for dam break flood risk mitigation according to any one of the preceding claims 1-9, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: excavating the spillway structure (1) on the barrier body (7); laying a scour prevention assembly composed of a plurality of air bag cushion units (201) at the bottom of the spillway structure (1) and installing a connecting energy dissipation mechanism on the barrier body (7); real-time monitoring of hydrological parameters and barrier body (7) structure parameters through the monitoring system; when the flow velocity reaches the preset scour critical value, the monitoring system controls the scour prevention assembly to form a scour prevention cover layer, and the connecting energy dissipation mechanism is used to dissipate the kinetic energy of the water flow; dynamically adjusting the operating state of the spillway structure (1) according to the monitoring data.

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