Testing device for simulating natural environment to act on saline soil

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of saline soil test devices, and discloses a test device for simulating a natural environment to act on saline soil, comprising: a sample assembly having a first cavity capable of holding a saline soil sample; the rainfall simulation assembly is arranged right above the sample assembly; the irradiation simulation assembly is arranged above the sample assembly; the heating assembly is arranged below the sample assembly; the underground water simulation assembly is provided with a cavity II capable of containing a salt solution, and the bottom of the cavity II is communicated with the bottom of the cavity I; the saline solution in the cavity II can permeate into the salinized soil sample to supplement the salinized soil sample with the saline solution; the monitoring assembly can monitor parameters of the salinized soil sample in the simulation experiment process; and the data acquisition and processing system is electrically connected with the rainfall simulation assembly, the irradiation simulation assembly, the heating assembly, the underground water simulation assembly and the monitoring assembly. According to the test device disclosed by the invention, by simulating various natural environments, the tested test data are more real and effective.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of saline soil testing devices, and in particular to a testing device that simulates the effects of the natural environment on saline soil. Background Technology

[0002] Saline soil is a general term for saline soil, alkaline soil, and various salinized and alkali-treated soils. Saline soil has significant water-heat-salt-mechanical coupling characteristics. The internal water migration, salt dissolution, and precipitation processes of saline soil directly affect the structure and mechanical properties of the soil. This coupling effect has a profound impact on the regional ecological environment, agricultural production, and water resource utilization.

[0003] Currently, there are many studies on water and salt transport in saline soils under single-factor effects such as rainfall or evaporation. However, research on the spatiotemporal distribution patterns of water, heat, and salt in saline soils under the combined effects of multiple factors such as rainfall, evaporation, and groundwater, and their relationship with salt swelling and solution deformation characteristics, remains insufficient. Most of the aforementioned studies are conducted using simulation testing devices, but existing simulation testing devices have the following drawbacks: 1. Most simulation testing devices can only simulate one of the conditions—rainfall, evaporation, or groundwater—making it difficult to combine multiple conditions simultaneously; 2. Under the corresponding experimental conditions, it is impossible to simultaneously obtain parameters such as moisture, temperature, salinity, and deformation response, making it difficult to establish a quantitative relationship between water, heat, salt, and salt swelling and solution deformation; 3. Due to limited control precision over environmental conditions (such as thermal radiation intensity, rainfall intensity, underground temperature, and groundwater concentration), the measured experimental data are not accurate enough. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides an experimental device that simulates the effects of the natural environment on saline soil.

[0005] This invention provides a test apparatus for simulating the effects of natural environment on saline soil, comprising: a sample assembly having a cavity capable of holding a saline soil sample, the top of the cavity being open; a rainfall simulation assembly positioned directly above the sample assembly, capable of spraying water onto the saline soil sample in the sample assembly to simulate a natural rainfall process; an irradiation simulation assembly positioned above the sample assembly, capable of releasing radiation energy to irradiate the saline soil sample, causing the water in the saline soil sample to evaporate, thereby simulating the process of water evaporation from saline soil by the sun; and a heating assembly positioned below the sample assembly for heating. The component can heat the bottom of the saline soil sample and control the temperature at the bottom of the saline soil sample; the groundwater simulation component has a second cavity that can hold salt solution, and the bottom of the second cavity is connected to the first cavity; the salt solution in the second cavity can seep into the saline soil sample to replenish the saline soil sample, thereby simulating the process of groundwater replenishing salt to the saline soil; the monitoring component can monitor the parameters of the saline soil sample during the simulation experiment; the data acquisition and processing system is electrically connected to the rainfall simulation component, the irradiation simulation component, the heating component, the groundwater simulation component, and the monitoring component.

[0006] Optionally, the rainfall simulation component includes a pumping unit that can be connected to an external water source, and a spraying unit that is connected to the pumping unit. The pumping unit can extract water from the external water source and deliver it to the spraying unit, which sprays water onto the saline soil sample.

[0007] Optionally, the pumping unit includes a motor, a gearbox, and a piston cylinder. The motor output shaft is connected to the gearbox input shaft, and the gearbox output shaft is connected to a threaded rod with a nut threaded onto the rod. A bellows is inserted into one side of the piston cylinder, and the other side is closed and equipped with an inlet pipe that can communicate with an external water source, and an outlet pipe that can communicate with a spray unit. Both the inlet and outlet pipes are equipped with check valves. The nut is installed inside one end of the bellows, and a piston that slides in the piston cylinder is installed at the other end of the bellows.

[0008] Optionally, the heating assembly includes a chassis and a temperature control bath. The chassis has a heating channel inside, the inlet of the heating channel and the outlet of the temperature control bath are connected through an output pipe, and the outlet of the heating channel and the inlet of the temperature control bath are connected through a circulation pipe.

[0009] Optionally, the groundwater simulation component includes a weighing unit capable of measuring mass, and a Marshall bottle replenisher mounted on the weighing unit. The outlet of the Marshall bottle replenisher is connected to a replenishment pipe, one end of which is connected to the bottom of the cavity.

[0010] Optionally, the monitoring components include a radar rangefinder and a humidity sensor positioned above the saline soil sample, as well as multiple heat-water-salt sensors positioned at different depths of the saline soil sample.

[0011] Optionally, the sample assembly is cylindrical and disposed on the upper surface of the heating assembly. Multiple mounting holes are spaced apart on the outer wall of the sample assembly along its height direction. Multiple hot-water-salt sensors are installed in the corresponding mounting holes, and one end of each hot-water-salt sensor extends into the saline soil sample.

[0012] Optionally, the sample assembly includes a transparent glass sleeve evenly distributed on the upper surface of the heating assembly, and an insulating sleeve fitted over the glass sleeve.

[0013] Optionally, the data acquisition and processing system includes a data acquisition instrument and a computer. The data acquisition instrument is electrically connected to the rainfall simulation component, the irradiation simulation component, the heating component, the groundwater simulation component, and the monitoring component, respectively. The data acquisition instrument and the computer are electrically connected.

[0014] Optionally, an environmental chamber is also included, in which the sample assembly is placed.

[0015] The technical solution provided by the embodiments of the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art: 1. By setting up rainfall simulation components, irradiation simulation components, heating components, and groundwater simulation components, the natural environment of rainfall replenishment, solar irradiation evaporation, groundwater salinity replenishment, and soil temperature regulation can be simulated simultaneously. Compared with existing test devices that can only simulate a single factor, this device can realistically reproduce the stress situation of saline soil under complex natural environments, making the test conditions of the water-heat-salt-force coupling theory research of saline soil closer to the actual environment, thereby reducing the error of the obtained test data.

[0016] 2. By setting up a data acquisition and processing system, environmental parameters and saline soil parameters can be collected simultaneously during the test, and complete data on environmental parameters, hydrothermal-salt parameters and deformation response parameters can be obtained simultaneously, providing continuous and systematic test data for analyzing the quantitative relationship between water-heat-salt and salt swelling-dissolution deformation.

[0017] 3. The data acquisition and processing system can precisely control each simulation component. By controlling the rainfall simulation component, the spray intensity can be controlled to simulate different rainfall levels; by controlling the irradiation simulation component, the solar irradiation intensity of different areas can be simulated; by controlling the heating component, the groundwater temperature gradient can be simulated; and by controlling the groundwater simulation component, the salt solution concentration and replenishment rate in cavity two can be controlled to simulate groundwater environments with different salt contents. Therefore, the experimental device of this invention can measure relatively accurate experimental data by precisely controlling each simulation component. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an experimental device for simulating the effects of the natural environment on saline soil, provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0019] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1. Motor; 2. Gearbox; 3. Bellows; 4. Base; 5. Piston; 6. Inlet pipe; 7. Check valve; 8. Outlet pipe; 9. Temperature-controlled bath; 10. Output pipe; 11. Circulation pipe; 12. Temperature-controlled bath control window; 13. Irradiation simulation component; 14. Radar rangefinder; 15. Rainfall simulation component; 16. Humidity sensor; 17. Sample assembly; 18. Insulation sleeve; 19. Hot-water-salt sensor; 20. Saline soil sample; 21. Environmental chamber; 22. Data acquisition instrument; 23. Data transmission line; 24. Computer; 25. Groundwater simulation component; 26. Replenishment pipe; 27. Weighing component; 28. Heating component. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The following detailed description of a specific embodiment of the present invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiment.

[0021] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the technical solution of this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0022] Example 1: like Figure 1As shown, this embodiment provides a test device for simulating the effects of natural environment on saline soil, including: a sample assembly 17 having a cavity capable of holding a saline soil sample 20, the top of which is open; a rainfall simulation assembly 15 disposed directly above the sample assembly 17, capable of spraying water onto the saline soil sample 20 in the sample assembly 17 to simulate a natural rainfall process; an irradiation simulation assembly 13 disposed above the sample assembly 17, capable of releasing radiation energy to irradiate the saline soil sample 20, causing the water in the saline soil sample 20 to evaporate, thereby simulating the process of solar evaporation of water from saline soil; and a heating assembly 28 disposed above the sample assembly 17. Below, the heating component 28 can heat the bottom of the saline soil sample 20 and control the temperature of the bottom of the saline soil sample 20; the groundwater simulation component 25 has a second cavity that can hold a salt solution, and the bottom of the second cavity is connected to the first cavity; the salt solution in the second cavity can seep into the saline soil sample 20 to replenish the saline soil sample 20, thereby simulating the process of groundwater replenishing salt to the saline soil; the monitoring component can monitor the parameters of the saline soil sample 20 during the simulation experiment; the data acquisition and processing system is electrically connected to the rainfall simulation component 15, the irradiation simulation component 13, the heating component 28, the groundwater simulation component 25 and the monitoring component respectively.

[0023] In this embodiment, the irradiation simulation component 13 is a temperature-controlled radiation lamp. The rainfall simulation component 15 includes a pumping unit that can be connected to an external water source, and a spraying unit that is connected to the pumping unit. The pumping unit can extract water from the external water source and transport it to the spraying unit, which sprays water onto the saline soil sample 20.

[0024] In this embodiment, the spray unit uses a spray head.

[0025] The pumping unit includes a motor 1, a gearbox 2, and a piston cylinder. The output shaft of the motor 1 is connected to the input shaft of the gearbox 2. The output shaft of the gearbox is connected to a threaded rod, and a nut is threaded onto the threaded rod. A bellows 3 is inserted into one side of the piston cylinder, and the other side is closed and equipped with an inlet pipe 6 that can communicate with an external water source, and an outlet pipe 8 that can communicate with a spray unit. A one-way valve 7 is installed on both the inlet pipe 6 and the outlet pipe 8. A nut is installed inside one end of the bellows 3, and a piston 5 that is slidably installed in the piston cylinder is installed at the other end of the bellows 3.

[0026] In this embodiment, the motor 1, gearbox 2, and piston cylinder are all mounted on the base 4. When the threaded rod and nut are engaged in transmission, the piston 5, bellows 3, nut, and threaded rod may rotate together. Therefore, by setting a slider inside one end of the piston cylinder and installing a groove outside the bellows 3, the bellows 3 can only slide in the horizontal direction and cannot rotate, thus preventing the problem of them rotating together.

[0027] In addition, by setting a one-way valve 7, when water is pumped, water can enter the piston cylinder through the one-way valve on the inlet pipe 6, but water cannot pass through the one-way valve on the outlet pipe 8; when water is supplied to the spray unit, water cannot pass through the one-way valve on the inlet pipe 6, but can pass through the one-way valve on the outlet pipe 8.

[0028] The heating component 28 includes a chassis and a temperature control bath 9. The chassis has a heating channel inside. The inlet of the heating channel and the outlet of the temperature control bath are connected through an output pipe 10. The outlet of the heating channel and the inlet of the temperature control bath are connected through a circulation pipe 11.

[0029] In this embodiment, the temperature control bath 9 is a Xinzhi Bio-thermal reaction bath DLBC-4050, and the front of the temperature control bath 9 has a temperature control window 12.

[0030] The groundwater simulation component 25 includes a weighing unit 27 capable of measuring mass, and a Marshall bottle replenisher disposed on the weighing unit 27. The outlet of the Marshall bottle replenisher is connected to a replenishment pipe 26, one end of which is connected to the bottom of the cavity.

[0031] In this embodiment, the weighing unit 27 can weigh in real time, and the total amount of salt solution input can be obtained by calculating the change in the weight of the Marshall bottle replenisher.

[0032] The monitoring components include a radar rangefinder 14 and a humidity sensor 16 positioned above the saline soil sample 20, as well as multiple heat-water-salt sensors 19 positioned at different depths of the saline soil sample 20.

[0033] In this embodiment, the heat-water-salt sensor 19 can monitor soil, temperature and moisture, and the sensor selected is the Kenda Renke RS-ECTH-N01-TR-1.

[0034] The sample assembly 17 is cylindrical and disposed on the upper surface of the heating assembly 28. Multiple mounting holes are spaced apart on the outer wall of the sample assembly 17 along its height direction. Multiple hot-water-salt sensors 19 are respectively installed in the corresponding mounting holes, and one end of each hot-water-salt sensor 19 extends into the saline soil sample 20.

[0035] The sample assembly 17 includes a transparent glass sleeve evenly distributed on the upper surface of the heating assembly, and an insulating sleeve 18 fitted outside the glass sleeve.

[0036] The data acquisition and processing system includes a data acquisition instrument and a computer. The data acquisition instrument is electrically connected to the rainfall simulation component 15, the irradiation simulation component 13, the heating component 28, the groundwater simulation component 25, and the monitoring component, respectively. The data acquisition instrument and the computer are electrically connected.

[0037] In this embodiment, the data acquisition device and the computer are connected via data transmission line 23.

[0038] It also includes an environmental chamber 21, in which the sample assembly 17 is disposed.

[0039] In this embodiment, the temperature is controlled by the environmental chamber 21 to simulate the ambient temperature of the saline soil; all components located above the saline soil sample are installed on the inner top wall of the environmental chamber.

[0040] Working principle: 1. Initialization preparation: Before the test, a layer of petroleum jelly was first applied to the inner wall of the sample assembly 17. Then, the saline soil sample 20 was filled into the sample assembly 17 by layered compaction. Heat-water-salt sensors 19 were set at different depths of the saline soil sample. Then, the interface between the heat-water-salt sensors 19 and the sample assembly 17 was sealed with glass putty to realize real-time monitoring of temperature, moisture and solution concentration at different locations of the saline soil sample 20. Before the test, it is necessary to check whether the circulating liquid of the environmental chamber 21 and the temperature control bath 9 can be used for the test. After the check is completed, the environmental chamber 21 and the temperature control bath 9 are started to apply the initial temperature to the saline soil sample 20.

[0041] 2. Rainfall infiltration and evaporation: By starting motor 1, the pumping unit is activated, and water is sprayed onto saline soil sample 20 through the spraying unit to simulate a natural rainfall cycle. The temperature-controlled radiation lamp simulates the natural radiation and heating process. The temperature-controlled radiation lamp acts on the top surface of the saline soil sample to simulate evaporation. During the evaporation process, the salt solution in the Marshall bottle replenishes the saline soil sample with salt solution through the replenishment pipe 26 to simulate the effect of groundwater.

[0042] 3. Water-vapor-heat-salt coupled monitoring: The heat-water-salt sensor 19, weighing component 27, radar rangefinder 14, and humidity sensor 16 can monitor in real time the spatiotemporal response characteristics of water infiltration and solution seepage in saline soil samples under rainfall, the spatiotemporal response characteristics of water-heat-salt in saline soil samples under evaporation, the dynamic change law of solution replenishment, the time history curve of humidity change law, and the deformation behavior of salt swelling-dissolution.

[0043] 4. Data Collection and Analysis: All sensor data is collected by the data acquisition unit 22 and transmitted in real time to the computer 24 via the data transmission line 23 for processing and storage. The supporting software system can perform graphical display, real-time monitoring and historical trend analysis.

[0044] The test apparatus of this invention can realize long-term continuous tests and stably record the physical response changes of soil samples under the influence of multiple factors.

[0045] The above inventions are merely a few specific embodiments of the present invention. However, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and any variations that can be conceived by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An experimental device for simulating the effects of natural environment on saline soil, characterized in that, include: The sample assembly (17) has a cavity (20) capable of holding a saline soil sample (20), with the top of the cavity open. The rainfall simulation component (15) is located directly above the sample assembly (17). The rainfall simulation component (15) can spray water onto the saline soil sample (20) in the sample assembly (17) to simulate the natural rainfall process. The irradiation simulation component (13) is located above the sample component (17). The irradiation simulation component (13) can release radiation energy to irradiate the saline soil sample (20) so that the water in the saline soil sample (20) evaporates, thereby simulating the process of the sun evaporating water from the saline soil. Heating component (28) is located below sample component (17). Heating component (28) can heat the bottom of saline soil sample (20) and control the temperature of the bottom of saline soil sample (20). The groundwater simulation component (25) has a second cavity that can hold a salt solution, and the bottom of the second cavity is connected to the bottom of the first cavity; the salt solution in the second cavity can seep into the saline soil sample (20) to replenish the saline soil sample (20) with salt solution, thereby simulating the process of groundwater replenishing salt to saline soil. The monitoring component is capable of monitoring the parameters of the saline soil sample (20) during the simulation experiment; The data acquisition and processing system is electrically connected to the rainfall simulation component (15), the irradiation simulation component (13), the heating component (28), the groundwater simulation component (25), and the monitoring component, respectively.

2. The experimental apparatus for simulating the effects of natural environment on saline soil as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The rainfall simulation component (15) includes a pumping unit that can be connected to an external water source, and a spraying unit that is connected to the pumping unit. The pumping unit can extract water from the external water source and transport it to the spraying unit, and spray water onto the saline soil sample (20) through the spraying unit.

3. The experimental apparatus for simulating the effects of natural environment on saline soil as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The pumping unit includes a motor (1), a gearbox (2) and a piston cylinder. The output shaft of the motor (1) is connected to the input shaft of the gearbox (2). The output shaft of the gearbox is connected to a threaded rod, and a nut is threaded onto the threaded rod. A bellows (3) is inserted on one side of the piston cylinder, and the other side is closed and equipped with an inlet pipe (6) that can be connected to an external water source, and an outlet pipe (8) that can be connected to the spray unit. A one-way valve (7) is installed on both the inlet pipe (6) and the outlet pipe (8). A nut is installed inside one end of the bellows (3), and a piston (5) is installed at the other end of the bellows (3) and is slidably disposed in the piston cylinder.

4. The experimental apparatus for simulating the effects of natural environment on saline soil as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The heating component (28) includes a chassis and a temperature control bath (9). The chassis is provided with a heating channel. The inlet of the heating channel and the outlet of the temperature control bath are connected through an output pipe (10). The outlet of the heating channel and the inlet of the temperature control bath are connected through a circulation pipe (11).

5. The experimental apparatus for simulating the effects of natural environment on saline soil as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The groundwater simulation component (25) includes a weighing unit (27) capable of measuring mass, and a Maslow bottle replenisher provided on the weighing unit (27). The outlet of the Maslow bottle replenisher is connected to a replenishment pipe (26), and one end of the replenishment pipe (26) is connected to the bottom of the cavity.

6. The experimental apparatus for simulating the effects of natural environment on saline soil as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The monitoring components include a radar rangefinder (14) and a humidity sensor (16) positioned above the saline soil sample (20), as well as multiple heat-water-salt sensors (19) positioned at different depths of the saline soil sample (20).

7. The experimental apparatus for simulating the effects of natural environment on saline soil as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The sample assembly (17) is cylindrical and disposed on the upper surface of the heating assembly (28). Multiple mounting holes are spaced apart on the outer side wall of the sample assembly (17) along its height direction. Multiple hot-water-salt sensors (19) are installed in the corresponding mounting holes. One end of each hot-water-salt sensor (19) extends into the saline soil sample (20).

8. The experimental apparatus for simulating the effect of natural environment on saline soil as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The sample assembly (17) includes a transparent glass sleeve evenly disposed on the upper surface of the heating assembly, and an insulating sleeve (18) disposed outside the glass sleeve.

9. The experimental apparatus for simulating the effects of natural environment on saline soil as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The data acquisition and processing system includes a data acquisition instrument and a computer. The data acquisition instrument is electrically connected to the rainfall simulation component (15), the irradiation simulation component (13), the heating component (28), the groundwater simulation component (25), and the monitoring component, respectively. The data acquisition instrument and the computer are electrically connected.

10. The experimental apparatus for simulating the effects of natural environment on saline soil as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an environmental chamber (21), in which the sample assembly (17) is placed.

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