A self-feeding slope splash erosion simulation device and method

Abstract

This invention discloses a self-feeding slope splash erosion simulation device and method. The device includes a rainfall system, a test soil trough, and a control system. The device can accurately simulate different types of rainfall conditions, such as light, moderate, and heavy rain, and can generate raindrops of different sizes during rainfall to simulate the splash erosion process of raindrops on the soil surface in natural rainfall. The size of the raindrops can be adjusted and controlled according to actual needs. The proposed atomization-sublimation technique ensures the uniformity of the entire rainfall simulation and enables accurate simulation of rainfall intensity and raindrop size. The automatic lifting system of the entire model soil trough, linked with the rainfall control, further enhances the accuracy of the simulated splash erosion effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of geotechnical technology, and particularly relates to a self-feeding slope splash erosion simulation device and method. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, extreme weather events have become more frequent, with perennial droughts and short-duration heavy rainfall exacerbating soil erosion in plateau and desertified areas, leading to environmental degradation and increasingly infertile land. Current research on soil erosion mainly relies on field monitoring and surveys, but these methods are costly and cannot detect the underlying mechanisms of soil erosion during periods of low rainfall. To investigate slope splash erosion under rainfall conditions, artificial rainfall simulation experiments can be conducted to study the splash erosion and runoff processes on slopes under different conditions. This will provide optimized technical solutions for soil erosion control and slope protection in areas with concentrated soil and rock formations. Therefore, a large-scale indoor simulation experimental device capable of simulating field conditions, topography, and geomorphological features is urgently needed. This device should not only be able to simulate different rainfall intensities but also address the problem of slope splash erosion damage under different rainfall angles. This invention has a wide range of applications. It can be used to conduct real simulation tests on arsenic sandstone slope soils, Northeast black soil slope soils, Loess hilly gully slope soils, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau meadow slope soils, and clay gravel layer slope soils in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in Anhui Province. It provides an effective method for exploring the mechanism of rainfall-induced slope erosion and damage, and lays the foundation for soil and water conservation and slope stability protection.

[0003] Currently, indoor artificial rainfall simulation experiments cannot simulate the splash erosion process of slopes under different rainfall angles. The technology is limited to vertical rainfall and cannot change the rainfall angle or the physical form of water during rainfall. A series of factors make the experiment unable to reproduce the various situations of real rainfall, resulting in a single experimental result.

[0004] Existing technologies use sprinkler heads (sparkler-style or fire-fighting nozzles) to test slope splash erosion. Existing rainfall equipment uses a cubic frame with water pipes for experimental simulation. Existing technologies use manually controlled valves to supply the required amount of rainfall to test slope splash erosion. Existing technologies use vertical rainfall to test slope splash erosion. Existing technologies use test troughs with one side fixed and the other side having a variable height, creating different slope angles, to test slope splash erosion.

[0005] The disadvantages of existing technologies are as follows:

[0006] The rainfall in indoor artificial rainfall simulation experiments is uneven. The current nozzle design makes the rainfall appear as an inverted cone-shaped mist with a hollow center. The limited variety of nozzles also makes it impossible to reproduce the diverse conditions of real rainfall.

[0007] Indoor artificial rainfall simulation experiments are limited to vertical rainfall and cannot change the angle of rainfall.

[0008] The water supply required for indoor artificial rainfall simulation experiments requires manual valve control, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and the valves cannot be controlled in a timely manner to change the water, thus failing to guarantee uniform rainfall.

[0009] The height of the test trough in indoor artificial rainfall simulation experiments cannot be changed as a whole. The size and state of the raindrops received are different, so it cannot be guaranteed that the degree of splash erosion on the slope is the same. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The purpose of this invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems and provide a self-feeding slope splash erosion simulation device, which has the following structure: a drain outlet is located at the lower part of the rain frame, and the test observation window, rain rod, rain linkage rod, and windproof cloth are all located at the upper part of the rain frame. Rain nozzles are evenly arranged at a certain distance on the rain rod, and gears are installed at the extended ends to engage with the rain linkage rod. Hydraulic telescopic rods are installed at both ends of the rain linkage rod. The extension and retraction of the hydraulic telescopic rods are set through a line connection to a control terminal, thereby causing the gears on the rain linkage rod to tilt the rain rod to achieve the required rainfall angle for the test. Combined with a height-adjustable test trough, a rainfall system that meets the test objectives is formed, ensuring the uniformity of rainfall. A drain outlet is connected to the top end of the test trough, and the test trough base is connected to universal wheels. A hydraulic telescopic system is installed around the base. In conjunction with the rain linkage rod, the required height and slope for the test are calculated by computer and automatically adjusted through a connection to the control terminal. The hydraulic telescopic system uses hydraulic fluid. The telescopic rod ensures the required height and load-bearing capacity for the test conditions. The hydraulic telescopic system connects upwards to the test soil trough slot, allowing the test soil trough and its base equipped with the telescopic system to be detachable. The water tank base is connected to casters at the bottom and supports the water tank at the top. The water tank is connected to a pressure tank via a solenoid valve, precisely controlling water exchange, supply, and drainage. The water tank vent valve maintains pressure balance within the tank by venting air, and works in conjunction with the pressure tank's pressurization mechanism to ensure the normal operation of the water storage system during water storage, exchange, and drainage. A pressure tank drain valve is located at the bottom of the pressure tank. The air compressor and pressure tank are connected to a control terminal via wiring, and together with the solenoid valve between the water tank and pressure tank, automated control is achieved. The water supply system, consisting of the water tank and air compressor, provides the required amount of water for rainfall. Water pipes connect to the rainfall rods, and the rainfall is then carried out through the combined action of the rainfall linkage system and the sprinkler head condensation system. By adjusting the height and slope of the test soil trough, different rainfall conditions can be simulated.

[0011] The hydraulic telescopic rod is an SMC-NH type hydraulic telescopic rod.

[0012] The air compressor and pressure tank are linked together, storing the compressed air generated by the air compressor in the pressure tank for subsequent use. This enables centralized supply and management of compressed air, improves the working efficiency and stability of the air compressor, and meets the compressed air needs of different equipment.

[0013] The water inlet pipe connects to the faucet via a water pipe to supply water to the water tank, completing the water flow from the faucet to the water tank through the water inlet pipe.

[0014] It also includes a hydraulic telescopic rod, which allows the test soil trough to be raised and lowered according to the test requirements, while forming the slope angle required for the test, and also ensuring the stability and firmness of the entire hydraulic telescopic system; a hydraulic rod bolt is installed between the test soil trough base and the test soil trough, and the hydraulic rod bolt connects the hydraulic telescopic rod.

[0015] The upper part of the rain frame is equipped with rain frame diagonal braces, rain rod positioning holes, and rain linkage rod positioning holes. The rain rod is installed between the rain rod positioning holes, and the rain linkage rod and the hydraulic telescopic rod are installed between the rain linkage rod positioning holes. The rain linkage rod positioning holes ensure that the rain linkage rod is tightly connected with the hydraulic rod when it is installed, avoiding misalignment during the extension and retraction of the hydraulic rod, and making the change of the rain angle more accurate.

[0016] The outer surface of the condensing cone is equipped with a condensing tube. The antifreeze in the condensing tube circulates at low temperature, which cools the condensing cone, causing the rain mist sprayed from the nozzle to cool and condense, ultimately changing the rainfall pattern from atomization to raindrops. The nozzle condensing device is connected to the control system by a connecting line. According to the test requirements, the temperature of the antifreeze in the condensing tube and the temperature and wind speed of the cold air generated by the cold air exchanger are set to achieve raindrop control.

[0017] The function of the condenser connection thread is to connect the rain nozzle to the nozzle condenser, so that the nozzle condenser can be installed or removed according to the test requirements.

[0018] A self-feeding slope splash erosion simulation method is proposed. The relationship between the slope angle α formed by the raising of the test trough and the distance h between the highest point of the test trough after it is raised and the rain rack is raised is as follows: According to experimental requirements, the distance of raindrop splash erosion on the slope can be set by raising or lowering the height of the rain rack or raising or lowering the test trough to achieve the splash erosion degree required by the experimental design. It can be assumed that the distance between the rain rack and the test trough before raising (i.e., when it is parallel to the ground) is a constant value M. Then the relationship between h, l, and M is: l = Mh — ①. From trigonometric relationships, in the triangle formed at the bottom by the trough length L, the trough raising height l, and the trough raising angle α, we can obtain: l = L × sinα — ②. Combining equations ① and ②, we can obtain the relationship between the distance h between the highest point of the test trough after it is raised and the rain rack and the slope angle α formed by the raising of the test trough: h = ML × sinα;

[0019] Where: h - the distance between the highest point of the test soil trough after it is raised and the rain rack; l - the height of the test soil trough after it is raised; L - the length of the test soil trough; α - the slope angle formed by the raising of the test soil trough; β - the angle between the raindrop and the slope during rainfall.

[0020] When using the device provided by this invention to conduct indoor artificial rainfall, the slope angle and the height of the test soil trough are used in combination during rainfall. The control terminal is connected and the required slope angle and test soil trough height are directly set using computer software, realizing multiple possibilities of rainfall. This breaks the traditional manual calculation and manual setting mode, making the experimental results richer and more realistic. Based on this model, the outdoor rainfall splash erosion and runoff generation process can be reproduced.

[0021] The device provided by this invention does not require manual valve control after being connected to the water supply equipment, saving time and effort while ensuring stable water supply, making rainfall uniform, and greatly reducing data errors caused by rainfall.

[0022] The rain nozzle provided by this invention can be connected to a control system. The condenser temperature can be set and the cold air exchanger controlled according to the test requirements to achieve raindrop control and form multiple rain patterns. This solves the problem that the raindrop types in previous tests were limited and could not be changed, while also increasing the realism and reliability of the simulation test.

[0023] Beneficial effects:

[0024] 1. This invention utilizes automatic motor control to change the angle of the rain nozzles, enabling slopes to withstand splash erosion under different rainfall angles. The main components of this device are modified from existing nozzles and pipes. The motor controls the extension and retraction of a hydraulic rod, which in turn moves the rain linkage rod, thereby changing the inclination angle of the pipes. Simultaneously, by coordinating with the height variation of the model test trough, it overcomes the limitation of existing rain equipment that can only deliver rainfall vertically, increasing the diversity of rainfall types and making the simulated rainfall more closely resemble real rainfall. The resulting experimental results are more accurate, comprehensive, and reliable.

[0025] 2. This invention changes the structure of the nozzle, so that the form of rainfall is no longer limited to shower head or fire sprinkler head. The device changes the physical form of rain during rainfall by adding a condensation device consisting of a condenser and a cold air exchanger to the existing nozzle. At the same time, a wireless signal transmitter and control system are added to connect the nozzle to the computer software. During rainfall, the temperature of the condenser and the cold air exchanger can be set according to the test requirements to achieve raindrop control and reproduce the real outdoor rainfall situation as much as possible.

[0026] 3. This invention changes the traditional manual control of water tank valves to supply rainfall, and uses electromagnetic valves to control the water tank's water storage, water exchange, and water supply. This saves time and can accurately control the amount of water required for rainfall in the tank, overcoming the shortcomings of manual control that leads to untimely changes in rainfall and uneven rainfall, resulting in large errors in experimental results.

[0027] 4. This invention changes the traditional cubic frame water pipe form of the rainfall device. It is no longer limited to generating uneven raindrops, but instead generates a solid cone-shaped rainfall surface by changing the water supply pressure to atomize the raindrops.

[0028] 5. This invention changes the traditional test soil trough by adding a slot for a detachable upper soil trough, making the process of loading and cleaning the soil trough more convenient and simple; it also adds a hydraulic telescopic system to control the overall lifting and lowering of the test soil trough, while achieving the required slope for the test, thus overcoming the shortcomings of uneven rainfall on the slope surface and the large error in test results caused by different water forms during rainfall. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 Overall schematic diagram of the invention

[0030] Figure 2 Water tank diagram

[0031] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the test soil tank

[0032] Figure 4 Rain rack diagram

[0033] Figure 5 Detailed diagram of the rainfall linkage system

[0034] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of nozzle condensation system

[0035] Figure 7 A schematic diagram showing the relationship between the slope angle and the height of the test soil trough. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The following will refer to the appendices in the embodiments of the present invention. Figure 1-7 The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described herein. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] A self-feeding slope splash erosion simulation device, comprising the following components: Figure 11- Drainage Outlet: The drainage outlet is mainly used to drain accumulated water and silt generated during rainfall, preventing long-term mud accumulation on the ground; 2- Test Observation Window: The test observation window is mainly used to place a photography bracket, allowing observation and recording of the experiment from any angle; 3- Rainfall Rod: Rainfall nozzles are evenly spaced on the rainfall rod; 4- Gear: Located at the end of the extended rainfall rod, the gear meshes to drive the rainfall rod to deflect; 5- Rainfall Linkage Rod: The side of the rainfall linkage rod that contacts the rainfall rod is set with serrations that mesh with the gear, its main function being to drive the rotation of the gear to deflect the rainfall rod; 6- Windproof Cloth: The windproof cloth mainly reduces the influence of external wind force on the angle of raindrops; 7- SMC-NH Type Hydraulic Telescopic 8-Rain Sprinkler: The main function of the hydraulic telescopic rod is to control the movement of the rain linkage rod by extending or retracting a certain length; 9-Rain Sprinkler: The rain sprinkler is not clearly shown in this figure. Its main function is to atomize or droplet the rainwater under pressure; 10-Test Soil Tank Slot: Its main function is to connect the upper box of the test soil tank to the lower base. The slot is designed to be flexible and detachable, making the sample loading and cleaning of the soil tank convenient and quick; 11-Hydraulic Telescopic System: Allows the test soil tank to be raised or lowered and the slope angle set according to the test requirements; 12-Test Soil Tank: The test soil tank is used to fill soil samples to form the slope required for the test; 13-Test Soil Tank Casters: Used to move the test soil tank, making it easy to change the experimental setup. 13- Drainage Outlet: The drainage outlet of the test soil trough is used to observe and calculate the degree of splash erosion on the slope and the soil loss, thereby realizing the scientific simulation of the rainfall erosion process, and can completely and effectively collect the runoff sediment generated by rainfall erosion, ensuring the accurate measurement of rainfall erosion; 14- Test Soil Trough Base: Used to support the upper box of the test soil trough and provide a carrier for installing the hydraulic telescopic system; 15- Control Terminal: The main function of the control terminal is to control and monitor each part through the connection lines, and to set the conditions of each part according to the test requirements; 16- Connection Line: Used to connect the motors of each part to the control terminal for unified control; 17- Water Tank: Used to store rainfall test water. The required water volume is as follows: 18-Water tank air vent valve: The main function of the water tank air vent valve is to remove air and maintain the pressure balance inside the water tank; 19-Solenoid valve: The solenoid valve is used to precisely control the flow of rainwater supply. It can be automatically opened or closed by an electrical signal to achieve self-feedback control of the water supply to the water tank; 20-Pressure tank drain valve: The pressure tank drain valve can discharge the water that flows back into the pressure tank when the pressure is reduced, ensuring the normal operation of the pressure tank; 21-Water tank casters: Facilitate the movement of the water tank and control the placement and orientation of the water tank; 22-Water tank base: Its function is to support the water tank; 23-Pressure tank: The pressure tank is used to pressurize the water in the water tank; 24-Air compressor: The function of the air compressor is to generate compressed air and store it in the pressure tank. The linkage operation between the various devices in this invention is as follows: In this invention, 1-drain outlet is set at... Figure 4The lower part of the rain frame includes 2-test observation windows, 3-rain rods, 5-rain linkage rods, and 6-windproof cloth, all located on the upper part of the rain frame. 8-rain nozzles are evenly arranged at certain intervals on the rain rods, with 4-gears at the extended ends to engage with the rain linkage rods. 7-SMC-NH type hydraulic telescopic rods are installed at both ends of the rain linkage rods. The extension / retraction amount of the hydraulic telescopic rods is set via 16-line connection to 15-control terminal, thereby causing the gears on the rain linkage rods to tilt the rain rods to achieve the required rainfall angle for the test. This is complemented by a height-adjustable... Figure 3 The test trough forms a rainfall system that meets the experimental requirements while ensuring uniform rainfall. 11-The top end of the test trough is connected to 13-Drainage outlet. 14-The base of the test trough is connected to 12-Test trough casters. A 10-Hydraulic telescopic system is installed around the base, working in conjunction with a rainfall linkage rod. The required height and slope for the experiment are calculated by computer and automatically adjusted via a connection to a control terminal. The hydraulic telescopic system uses SMC-NH type hydraulic telescopic rods to ensure the required height and load-bearing capacity for the experiment. The hydraulic telescopic system connects upwards to 9-Test trough slots, allowing for detachment of the trough from the base equipped with the telescopic system. 22-The lower part of the water tank base is connected to 21-Water tank casters, while the upper part supports 17-Water tank. The water tank is connected to 23-Pressure tank via 19-Solenoid valve, allowing precise control of water exchange, supply, and drainage. 18-Water tank vent valve maintains pressure balance within the water tank by expelling air, working in conjunction with the pressure tank for pressurization, ensuring the normal operation of the water storage system during storage, exchange, and drainage. A 20-pressure tank drain valve is installed at the bottom of the pressure tank. The 24-air compressor and pressure tank linkage refers to a working method where compressed air generated by the air compressor is stored in the pressure tank through a specific control system and equipment for subsequent rainfall use. This linkage enables centralized supply and management of compressed air, improves the working efficiency and stability of the air compressor, and meets the compressed air needs of different equipment. The system characteristics of air compressor and pressure tank linkage are high efficiency and energy saving, stable supply, and safety and reliability. The air compressor and pressure tank also need to be connected to a control terminal. Computer software can be used to set rainfall intensity, monitor the water storage in the tank in real time, and, in conjunction with the solenoid valve between the tank and pressure tank, achieve automated control. The overall linkage of this invention provides the required water volume for rainfall through a water supply system composed of a water tank and an air compressor, connected to a rainfall rod system via water pipes, and then linked by the rainfall linkage rod system. Figure 6 The sprinkler condensation system works in conjunction with rainfall, and the height and slope of the test trough are varied to simulate different rainfall conditions.

[0038] Figure 2In the middle: 16-Connecting line; 18-Exhaust valve; 19-Solenoid valve; 20-Pressure tank drain valve; 21-Water tank caster wheel; 22-Water tank base; 23-Pressure tank; 25-Water inlet pipe: The main function of the water inlet pipe is to supply water to the 17-water tank through a water pipe connected to a faucet, completing the water flow from the faucet to the water tank through the water inlet pipe.

[0039] Figure 3 In the middle: 9-Test soil trough slot; 10-Hydraulic telescopic system; 10-1-Hydraulic telescopic rod: The main function of the hydraulic telescopic rod is to allow the test soil trough to be raised and lowered according to the test requirements, while forming the slope angle required for the test, and also to ensure the stability and firmness of the entire hydraulic telescopic system; 10-2-Hydraulic rod bolt: The function of the hydraulic rod bolt is to connect the hydraulic telescopic rod; 11-Test soil trough; 12-Test soil trough casters; 13-Drain outlet; 14-Test soil trough base.

[0040] Figure 4 In the middle section: 1-Drain outlet; 2-Test observation window; 6-Windproof cloth; 26-Rain rack diagonal brace: The function of the rain rack diagonal brace is to stabilize the foundation of the rain rack and prevent damage; 27-Rain rod positioning hole: The rain rod positioning hole is used to install the rain rod with the nozzle, ensuring equal and uniform rainfall spacing; 28-Rain linkage rod positioning hole: The function of the rain linkage rod positioning hole is to install the rain linkage rod so that it is tightly connected with the hydraulic rod, avoiding misalignment during the extension and retraction of the hydraulic rod, and making the change of rainfall angle more accurate. The connection between the components is as follows: 26-Rain rack diagonal brace, 27-Rain rod positioning hole, and 28-Rain linkage rod positioning hole are all located at... Figure 4 On the upper part of the rain frame, 3-rain rods are installed between the rain rod positioning holes, and 5-rain linkage rods and 7-SMC-NH type hydraulic telescopic rods are installed between the rain linkage rod positioning holes.

[0041] Figure 5 In the middle section: 2-Experimental observation window; 3-Rainfall bar; 4-Gear; 5-Rainfall linkage bar; 6-Windproof cloth; 7-SMC-NH type hydraulic telescopic bar; 8-Rainfall nozzle. The main functions of 2-8 have been described previously and will not be described in detail here.

[0042] Figure 629-Sprinkler Pressure Chamber: The main function of the sprinkler pressure chamber is to apply a certain pressure to the sprinkler head, which can precisely control a series of parameters of rainfall spraying, so that water is evenly and continuously sprayed out from the sprinkler head connected at the bottom; 30-Condensing Device Connection Thread: The function of the condensing device connection thread is to connect the sprinkler head and the condensing system, so that the condensing system can be installed or removed according to the test requirements: if the test requires vertical raindrops or drizzle, the condensing device can be installed on the sprinkler head; if the test requires atomized rain with a change in the rain angle, the condensing device can be removed; 31-Condensing Tube: The main function of the condensing tube is to cool the wound condensing cone by circulating the antifreeze in the tube. The outside of the condensing tube is wrapped with a heat insulation layer to maintain the stability of the antifreeze temperature in the condensing tube and ensure that the degree of rain and fog condensation is equal; 32-Condensing Cone: The main function of the condensing cone is to provide a low temperature environment for the rain and fog to condense and sublimate, and it is the carrier for installing the condensing tube and the cold air exchanger. The inner and outer surfaces of the condensing cone are coated with a material to prevent water mist from condensing into droplets during cooling. This prevents water droplets formed by condensation from sliding off the inner and outer surfaces of the condensing cone and splashing onto the slope, which could cast doubt on the accuracy and precision of the test results. 33-Cold Air Displacement Device: The function of the cold air displacement device is to generate a certain degree of saturated cold air, which enters the rain collection pipe and mixes with the early micro-raindrops, causing sublimation and enlarging the raindrops. 34-Wireless Signal Transmitter: The wireless signal receiver is the interface between the nozzle and the computer software. The condensation system operates in conjunction as follows: 32-The outer surface of the condensing cone is equipped with 31-condensing tubes. The antifreeze circulating in the condensing tubes at low temperatures cools the condensing cone, causing the rain mist sprayed from the nozzles (29) to cool and condense, ultimately changing the rainfall form from atomization to raindrops. Different types of rainfall can be set according to experimental needs: If the rainfall experiment requires raindrops, the condensing tubes and 33-cold air displacement device are used simultaneously to cause the atomized water to condense and sublimate, forming raindrops; if simulating drizzle or water mist, [the following can be added]... Figure 6 The condensation system can be disassembled; alternatively, the condenser tube or the air exchanger can be used separately to meet different rainfall simulations under various working conditions. The nozzle condensation device is connected to the control system via wiring. The temperature of the antifreeze in the condenser tube and the temperature and wind speed of the cold air generated by the air exchanger are set according to the test requirements to achieve raindrop control.

[0043] Figure 7In the diagram: h - distance between the highest point of the test trough after it is raised and the rain rack; l - height of the test trough after it is raised; L - length of the test trough; α - slope angle formed by the raising of the test trough; β - angle between the raindrop and the slope during rainfall. The relationship between the slope angle α formed by the raising of the test trough and the distance h between the highest point of the test trough after it is raised and the rain rack is raised and lowered can be used to set the distance of the raindrop splash erosion of the slope, so as to achieve the splash erosion degree required by the test design. It can be assumed that the distance between the rain rack and the test trough before it is raised, i.e., when it is parallel to the ground, is a constant value M. Then the relationship between h, l, and M is: l = Mh — ①. From the trigonometric function relationship, in the triangle formed by the length L of the trough, the height l of the trough, and the angle α of the trough at the bottom, we can obtain: l = L × sinα — ②. By combining equations ① and ②, we can obtain the relationship between the distance h between the highest point of the test soil trough and the rain rack after the test soil trough is raised and the slope angle α formed by the rise of the test soil trough: h=ML×sinα.

[0044] This invention primarily protects the technical method of using a motor-driven rain pipe that can change its tilt angle, and a trough that can automatically raise and lower to the required height, so that rainfall can evenly cover the entire slope.

[0045] This invention primarily protects the technical method of using a nozzle to alter the physical state of rainfall through a condensation device, thereby enabling a more comprehensive simulation of rainfall patterns.

[0046] This invention primarily protects the technical method of using electromagnetic valves to control water tank valves for automatic water storage, water exchange, and water supply, thereby enabling more timely supply of rainfall.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] 1. Device assembly: First, connect the hydraulic telescopic rod, test soil tank, sensor, water tank, air compressor and condensation system to the control terminal through connecting lines.

[0049] 2. Device setup: Based on the experimental requirements, the required type of raindrops, rainfall angle, test trough height, and slope are set using computer software.

[0050] 3. Start the test: After setting up all the devices, set the rainfall intensity according to the test requirements, turn on the water tank and air compressor to start the rainfall test, observe the remaining water in the water tank and the sensor readings in the computer, determine the degree of splash erosion on the slope under rainfall scouring conditions and the runoff and sediment production at the drainage outlet of the test soil trough, and provide basic data for subsequent numerical simulation analysis. Rainfall simulation tests under different working conditions can be conducted as needed.

[0051] 4. Completion of the experiment: After the indoor artificial rainfall simulation experiment is completed, the computer controls the rain to stop, the water tank is filled with water, and the test soil trough, sensors and other devices are cleaned. The rainfall equipment needs to be regularly maintained by specialized technicians to ensure the reliability and authenticity of the collected data.

[0052] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment selected based on the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The specific implementation methods described are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements to the technical solutions of the present invention. However, any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-feeding slope splash erosion simulation device, characterized in that, The drainage port (1) is arranged at the lower part of the rainfall frame (41), the test observation window (2), the rainfall rod (3), the rainfall linkage rod (5) and the windproof cloth (6) are arranged at the upper part of the rainfall frame (41), the rainfall rod (3) is uniformly arranged with the rainfall nozzle (8) at a certain distance, the gear (4) is arranged at the extended end of the rainfall rod (3) to engage with the rainfall linkage rod (5), the hydraulic telescopic rod (7) is installed at the two ends of the rainfall linkage rod (5), the control terminal (15) is connected through the line (16) to set the telescopic amount of the hydraulic telescopic rod (7), so that the gear on the rainfall linkage rod (5) drives the rainfall rod (3) to tilt, the required rainfall angle of the test is achieved, the test soil tank (11) is matched to form a rainfall system meeting the test purpose, the uniformity of the rainfall is ensured, the test soil tank base (14) is connected with the test soil tank universal wheel (12), and one hydraulic telescopic system (10) is respectively arranged around the base, the required height and slope of the test are calculated by the rainfall linkage rod (5) and the computer, the height and slope are connected to the control terminal (15) through the connecting line to automatically adjust, the hydraulic telescopic rod (7) is used in the hydraulic telescopic system (10), the height requirement and the bearing requirement of the test condition are ensured, the test soil tank clamping groove (9) is connected to the hydraulic telescopic system (10) upwards, so that the test soil tank (11) and the test soil tank base (14) equipped with the telescopic system meet the detachable requirement, the water tank base (22) is connected with the water tank universal wheel (21) at the lower part and supports the water tank (17) at the upper part, the water tank (17) is connected with the pressure tank (23) through the electromagnetic valve (19), the water tank (17) is accurately controlled in water changing, water supply and water drainage, the water tank exhaust valve (18) maintains the pressure balance in the water tank (17) by excluding air, the linkage mechanism of pressurization is matched with the pressure tank (23), the normal operation of the water storage system in the water storage, water changing and water drainage process is ensured, the pressure tank drain valve (20) is arranged at the bottom of the pressure tank (23), the air compressor (24) and the pressure tank (23) are connected to the control terminal (15) through the line, the automatic control is achieved in cooperation with the electromagnetic valve (19) between the water tank (17) and the pressure tank (23), the required water amount of the rainfall is provided by the water supply system composed of the water tank (17) and the air compressor (24), the water pipe is connected to the rainfall rod (3), and the rainfall is carried out by the cooperation of the rainfall linkage rod (5) and the nozzle condensing system (60), the test soil tank height and slope change are matched to meet the requirement of simulating different working condition rainfall conditions.

2. A self-feeding slope sputtering erosion simulation device according to claim 1, wherein The hydraulic telescopic rod (7) is an SMC-NH type hydraulic telescopic rod.

3. A self-feeding slope sputtering erosion simulation device according to claim 1, wherein The air compressor (24) and the pressure tank (23) are interconnected, the compressed air generated by the air compressor (24) is stored in the pressure tank (23) for subsequent rainfall use, the centralized supply and management of the compressed air can be realized, the working efficiency and stability of the air compressor are improved, and the demand of different equipment for compressed air is met.

4. A self-feeding slope sputtering erosion simulation device according to claim 1, wherein The water inlet pipe (25) supplies water to the water tank (17) through the water pipe connected with the faucet, and completes the water storage line of supplying water from the faucet outlet to the water tank (17) through the water inlet pipe (25).

5. A self-feeding slope sputtering erosion simulation device according to claim 1, wherein The hydraulic telescopic rod (10-1) can lift the test soil tank (11) according to the test requirements, form the required slope angle, and ensure the stability and firmness of the whole hydraulic telescopic system; the hydraulic rod bolt (10-2) is arranged between the test soil tank base (14) and the test soil tank (11), and the hydraulic telescopic rod (7) is connected to the hydraulic rod bolt (10-2).

6. A self-feeding slope sputtering erosion simulation device according to claim 1, wherein The upper part of the rainfall frame (41) is provided with a rainfall frame inclined support (26), a rainfall rod positioning hole (27) and a rainfall linkage rod positioning hole (28), the rainfall rod (3) is installed between the rainfall rod positioning hole (27), and the rainfall linkage rod (5) and the hydraulic telescopic rod (7) are installed between the rainfall linkage rod positioning hole (28), the rainfall linkage rod positioning hole (28) makes the rainfall linkage rod (5) closely combined with the hydraulic rod during installation, avoids dislocation during the extension and contraction of the hydraulic rod, and makes the rainfall angle change more accurately.

7. A self-feeding slope sputtering erosion simulation device according to claim 1, wherein The outer surface of the condensing cone cylinder (32) is provided with a condensing pipe (31), the low-temperature circulation of the antifreeze in the condensing pipe (31) cools the condensing cone cylinder (32), causes the rain mist sprayed from the nozzle (29) to be cooled and condensed, finally makes the rain form change from atomization to raindrop, and the nozzle condensing device (61) is connected to a control system through a connection line, the temperature of the antifreeze in the condensing pipe and the temperature and wind speed of the cold air generator are set according to test requirements, and raindrop control is realized.

8. A self-feeding slope sputtering erosion simulation device according to claim 7, wherein The condensing device connecting thread (30) is used for connecting the rainfall nozzle (8) and the nozzle condensing system (60), so that the nozzle condensing system (60) can be installed or removed according to test requirements.

9. A self-feeding slope-splash erosion simulation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The relationship between the slope angle α formed by the test soil tank lifting and the distance h between the highest point of the test soil tank after lifting and the rainfall frame is as follows: according to test requirements, the distance of the raindrop splash erosion slope can be set by raising or lowering the height of the rainfall frame or lifting the test soil tank, the splash erosion degree required by test design can be achieved, the distance between the rainfall frame and the test soil tank in parallel with the ground before lifting can be assumed as a certain value M, and the relationship among h, l and M is as follows: l=M-h; according to the trigonometric function relationship, in the triangle formed by the soil tank length L, the soil tank lifting height l and the soil tank lifting angle α, the following can be obtained: l=L*sinα; and the relationship between the distance h between the highest point of the test soil tank after lifting and the rainfall frame and the slope angle α formed by the test soil tank lifting is as follows: h=M-L*sinα. Wherein, h is the distance between the highest point of the test soil tank after lifting and the rainfall frame; l is the test soil tank lifting height; L is the test soil tank length; α is the test soil tank lifting angle; and β is the angle between the raindrop and the slope during rainfall. ​

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