Early warning method and system for implementation benefit analysis of mountain and water engineering

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of engineering benefit analysis, in particular to a mountain and water engineering implementation benefit analysis early warning method and system. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a sky-air-ground multi-source monitoring data set, and based on the sky-air-ground multi-source monitoring data set, analyzing a change track of benefit key indexes in a multi-dimensional field before and after engineering implementation to obtain an engineering multi-dimensional benefit characteristic parameter set; based on the engineering multi-dimensional benefit characteristic parameter set, a benefit-restriction associated characteristic information set is obtained by coupling a cooperation and antagonism relationship among sand-water-mountain analysis key indexes; and deducing a future scene based on the benefit-restriction associated feature information set, generating an engineering benefit health diagnosis regulation and control strategy by taking inhibition of benefit attenuation and ecological restoration risk as a target, and outputting an engineering benefit optimization management decision report. Multi-dimensional evaluation and association relationship analysis of mountain and water engineering implementation benefits are realized, and comprehensive technical support is provided for scientific management of ecological restoration engineering.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of engineering benefit analysis technology, and in particular to a method and system for early warning analysis of the implementation benefits of landscape engineering. Background Technology

[0002] The integrated protection and restoration project of sand, water and mountains is a major initiative for my country to promote ecosystem governance. In order to scientifically evaluate the implementation effectiveness of such major projects, it has become an industry consensus to build an integrated three-dimensional monitoring system of "sky-air-ground". Through multi-source technical means, massive amounts of multi-scale ecological and environmental monitoring data can be obtained.

[0003] Existing engineering assessment methods often rely on static threshold judgments of monitoring indicators or periodic macroscopic effect comparisons, or only on phased evaluations based on changes in a single indicator. An ecosystem is an organic whole, and the interaction between its various elements is a dynamic coupling process. The balance relationship evolves in real time with conditions such as climate change, engineering intervention, and human activities. This results in the dominant factors and potential risks of engineering benefits changing dynamically at different stages. The response speed, mode, and position of various ecological indicators to disturbances also vary significantly. Static and isolated assessment models are difficult to adapt to the actual needs of this dynamic "benefit-risk" game within complex ecosystems. This leads to frequent occurrences of one-sided assessment conclusions, delayed discovery of potential risks, and mismatch between control measures and actual needs. It may cause irreversible risks such as the decline of engineering benefits and the degradation of ecological functions, which greatly restricts the development of refined and intelligent management of landscape engineering. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a method and system for analyzing and providing early warning of the implementation benefits of landscape engineering projects, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0005] Firstly, this application provides a method for analyzing and early warning the implementation benefits of a landscape engineering project. The method includes: acquiring a multi-source monitoring dataset from the sky, air, and ground; analyzing the change trajectories of key benefit indicators in multiple dimensions before and after project implementation based on the multi-source monitoring dataset to obtain a multi-dimensional benefit characteristic parameter set; based on the multi-dimensional benefit characteristic parameter set, analyzing the synergistic and antagonistic relationships between key indicators by coupling sand, water, and mountains to obtain a benefit-constraint correlation characteristic information set; and based on the benefit-constraint correlation characteristic information set, extrapolating future scenarios, generating a project benefit health diagnosis and control strategy with the goal of suppressing benefit decay and ecological restoration risks, and outputting a project benefit optimization management decision report.

[0006] Optionally, the space-air-ground multi-source monitoring dataset includes space-based remote sensing monitoring data, airborne remote sensing monitoring data, and ground-based sensor network data. Based on the space-based remote sensing monitoring data, the changes in land cover and the evolution of ecological patterns in the engineering construction area are analyzed to identify abnormal fluctuation areas of key benefit indicators, resulting in a macro-abnormal area dataset. Based on the macro-abnormal area dataset, targeted analysis is performed to analyze the fine trajectory of soil and water conservation, soil erosion, and slope topography changes within the macro-abnormal area dataset, generating an airborne diagnostic index set. Based on the airborne diagnostic index set, combined with the ground-based sensor network data, precise on-site measurements of surface processes and ecological parameters are performed to analyze the sediment source characteristics, water transport information, and the intrinsic mechanism of slope stability in the airborne diagnostic index set, generating a ground-based verification parameter set. Based on the ground-based verification parameter set, a closed-loop feedback is provided to the space-based remote sensing monitoring data to trace the complete benefit evidence chain from macroscopic phenomena to microscopic mechanisms across the three spatial dimensions of sand, water, and mountains, generating a causally related multi-dimensional benefit characteristic parameter set for the project.

[0007] Optionally, based on the characteristics of sediment sources and the soil erosion situation, the migration trajectories of key sediment sources and deposition hotspots during sediment generation and transport are analyzed to generate a set of sediment source migration trajectories; based on the water transport information and the soil and water conservation status, the dynamic path of water from the source area to the sink area and the process of water balance change are analyzed to generate a set of water transport paths; based on the detailed trajectory of slope topographic changes and the intrinsic mechanism of slope stability, the driving mechanism of slope stability from local failure to macroscopic evolution is analyzed to generate a set of slope stability evolutions; integrating the set of sediment source migration trajectories, the set of water transport paths, and the set of slope stability evolutions, a causal relationship network with the synergistic effect of sand, water, and mountains as the core is constructed to generate a set of multi-dimensional benefit characteristic parameters of the project.

[0008] Optionally, based on the set of sand source migration trajectories, the evolution characteristics of sediment sources, fluxes, and depositional morphology after project implementation are analyzed to generate a set of sediment constraint factors; based on the set of sediment constraint factors, the coupling relationship between sediment changes and surface runoff, groundwater level, and water conservation capacity is analyzed to generate a set of water-soil interaction relationships; based on the set of water-soil interaction relationships, the impact characteristics of water and sediment changes on mountain stability, slope safety, and ecological geological environment are analyzed to determine a set of constraint characteristics for mountain response; based on the set of constraint characteristics, the causes of benefit attenuation and ecological restoration risks resulting from sediment siltation are determined to generate the set of benefit-constraint correlation feature information.

[0009] Optionally, based on the set of sediment constraint factors, the dynamic response relationship between surface hydrodynamic conditions and sediment transport and deposition processes within the engineering area is analyzed to obtain a surface runoff-sediment transport correlation set; based on the surface runoff-sediment transport correlation set, combined with the ground sensor network data, the potential sediment transport paths that affect soil moisture content and erosion during groundwater level fluctuations are analyzed to obtain a groundwater-sediment erosion correlation set; based on the groundwater-sediment erosion correlation set, the impact of the project implementation on the regional water conservation capacity is analyzed to obtain information on changes in conservation capacity; based on the information on changes in conservation capacity, the feedback mechanism of changes in conservation capacity on surface-groundwater hydrological processes and sediment activity is analyzed to obtain the set of water-soil interaction relationships that comprehensively characterize the influence of sediment on the direction and magnitude of water flow.

[0010] Optionally, based on the set of water-soil interaction relationships, the stress state changes of slope rock and soil under the combined action of surface runoff erosion and groundwater erosion are analyzed to identify several high-risk areas for slope instability, thus obtaining high-risk areas for slope instability; based on the high-risk areas for slope instability, combined with the set of multi-dimensional benefit characteristic parameters of the project, the dynamics of the surface erosion resistance of the mountain under the coupling effect of vegetation root soil stabilization capacity and rock and soil mechanical properties in each high-risk area for slope instability are analyzed to obtain the set of ecological and geological environment vulnerability evolution; based on the set of ecological and geological environment vulnerability evolution, the chain effect path from water and sediment transport to rock and soil response and then to ecological function degradation in each high-risk area for slope instability is connected to determine the set of constraints on mountain response with slope safety and ecological and geological stability as the core.

[0011] Optionally, based on the constraint feature set, the spatial coupling relationship between each high-risk area for slope instability and the ecologically and geologically fragile area is analyzed to identify the areas of synergistic decline in engineering benefits, thus obtaining a spatial distribution set of benefit decline. Based on the spatial distribution set of benefit decline, combined with the water-soil interaction relationship set, the dominant driving factors of benefit decline in each segment of the spatial distribution set of benefit decline are analyzed. Based on several dominant driving factors, the multi-dimensional benefit feature parameter set of the project is associated to analyze the chain reaction process of increased sediment source, changed water transport path, and decreased mountain stability under the action of each dominant driving factor, thus obtaining the benefit-constraint correlation feature information set from phenomenon to mechanism.

[0012] Optionally, based on the constraint feature set, the spatial distribution of several high-risk areas for sediment blockage and their correspondence with hydrogeological units are analyzed to identify the main sediment collection areas and main sediment transport paths. Based on the main sediment collection areas and the main sediment transport paths, combined with the influence of sediment on the direction and magnitude of water flow, the interaction between sediment deposition intensity and surface runoff scouring force, groundwater level fluctuation amplitude, and soil permeability within each collection area is analyzed to determine the sediment blockage causal set that leads to continuous sediment blockage. Based on the sediment blockage causal set, combined with the sand source migration trajectory set, the water transport path set, and the slope stability evolution set, the phenomenon of slope stability decline and vegetation degradation caused by sediment blockage is analyzed to obtain the benefit-constraint correlation feature information set.

[0013] Optionally, based on the benefit-constraint correlation feature information set, the water and sediment transport process and slope stability evolution trend in the main sediment collection area under different hydrological and meteorological conditions are simulated to obtain a benefit attenuation path set; based on the benefit attenuation path set, combined with the sediment siltation cause set, the formation mechanism of sediment concentration siltation area and slope instability section in the benefit attenuation path is analyzed in reverse; based on the formation mechanism, the cascade feedback information of multi-level siltation-seepage-stress chain is analyzed to generate a targeted control measure library including engineering interception, ecological restoration and management control; based on the targeted control measure library, the water and sediment transport process and mountain stability response under different control measure combinations are simulated, the effect of each measure combination on inhibiting sediment siltation, improving water conservation capacity and enhancing slope stability is evaluated, and a multi-scenario control effect set is generated; based on the multi-scenario control effect set, a benefit-risk trade-off analysis is performed, with the goal of engineering benefit sustainability and ecological risk minimization, the optimal control measure combination is selected, the engineering benefit health diagnosis control strategy is generated, and the engineering benefit optimization management decision report is output.

[0014] Secondly, this application provides a system for analyzing and warning the implementation benefits of landscape engineering projects, the system comprising: The feature extraction module is used to acquire a multi-source monitoring dataset from the sky, air, and ground. Based on the multi-source monitoring dataset, the module analyzes the change trajectory of key benefit indicators in multiple dimensions before and after the project implementation, and obtains a multi-dimensional benefit feature parameter set for the project. The benefit constraint module is used to obtain a benefit-constraint correlation feature information set by coupling the sand-water-mountain analysis of the synergistic and antagonistic relationships between key indicators based on the multi-dimensional benefit characteristic parameter set of the project. The benefit projection module is used to project future scenarios based on the benefit-constraint correlation feature information set, with the goal of suppressing benefit decay and ecological restoration risks, to generate engineering benefit health diagnosis and control strategies, and output engineering benefit optimization management decision reports. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an application scenario provided in one embodiment of this application; Figure 2 A flowchart of a method for analyzing and providing early warning of the implementation benefits of a landscape engineering project, provided as an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a landscape engineering implementation benefit analysis and early warning system provided in one embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0018] Furthermore, the term "and / or" in this article is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this article, unless otherwise specified, generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0019] The embodiments of this application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0020] Existing engineering assessment methods, which are confined to static thresholds and isolated indicators, are no longer able to cope with the dynamic reality of ecosystems. The coupling and interaction of various elements, the balance relationship and the dominant factor of "benefit-risk" are always in flux. The rigidity of assessment and the flexibility of the system are deeply intertwined, which directly leads to misjudgment, delays and control failures. This not only erodes the long-term benefits of engineering projects, but also traps us in the predicament of extensive management, becoming the core bottleneck for improving the level of refinement and intelligence.

[0021] Based on this, this application provides a method and system for analyzing and warning about the implementation benefits of landscape engineering projects. It analyzes multi-source monitoring datasets from the sky, air, and ground to derive a set of multi-dimensional benefit characteristic parameters, enabling subsequent analysis to comprehensively reflect the project's benefits. Based on the parameter set, through coupled sand-water-mountain analysis, it obtains a set of benefit-constraint correlation characteristic information, revealing the intrinsic relationship between benefits and constraints. Furthermore, based on the correlation information set, it extrapolates future scenarios, generates a health diagnosis and control strategy for project benefits, and outputs an optimized management decision report. This ensures the sustainability and ecological security of the project, promotes efficient management of landscape engineering projects, and constructs a complete technical system from data collection to decision support. It realizes multi-dimensional assessment, correlation analysis, and forward-looking control of the implementation benefits of landscape engineering projects, providing comprehensive technical support for the scientific management of ecological restoration projects.

[0022] Figure 1 This application provides an application scenario diagram. In the process of analyzing the benefits of implementing mountain and water engineering projects, forward-looking hydrological and meteorological scenario simulation and benefit attenuation path analysis can identify potential risks of the project in advance, so that regulation can be shifted from "post-event remediation" to "pre-event prevention", avoiding large-scale benefit losses and high repair costs caused by risk accumulation.

[0023] Specifically, the method provided in this application can be applied to any server, where the server interacts with the monitoring equipment to obtain multi-source monitoring datasets from the sky, air, and ground provided by the monitoring equipment. This ensures the sustainability and ecological security of the project, promotes the efficient management of landscape engineering, constructs a complete technical system from data acquisition to decision support, and outputs a project benefit optimization management decision report to benefit analysts. This enables multi-dimensional evaluation of the benefits of landscape engineering implementation, correlation analysis, and forward-looking regulation, providing comprehensive technical support for the scientific management of ecological restoration projects.

[0024] For specific implementation details, please refer to the following examples.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for analyzing and providing early warning of the implementation benefits of a landscape engineering project, as provided in one embodiment of this application. The method of this embodiment can be applied to servers in the above-mentioned scenarios. Figure 2 As shown, the method includes: S201. Obtain a multi-source monitoring dataset from the sky, air, and ground. Based on the multi-source monitoring dataset, analyze the change trajectory of key benefit indicators in multiple dimensions before and after the project implementation, and obtain a multi-dimensional benefit characteristic parameter set for the project.

[0026] A multi-source monitoring dataset encompassing space, air, and ground can be a collection of various monitoring data acquired from satellite remote sensing, aerial photography, and ground sensors, provided by the monitoring equipment. A multi-dimensional benefit characteristic parameter set for an engineering project can be a set of key parameters demonstrating the project's benefits across ecological, economic, and social dimensions.

[0027] Specifically, mountain and water engineering involves multiple fields such as ecological restoration, water resource management, and soil conservation. Existing assessment methods often rely on a single data source, making it difficult to comprehensively capture the overall benefits after project implementation. This results in biased or delayed assessment results, failing to provide real-time and accurate decision support for project management. By acquiring multi-source monitoring datasets from the sky, air, and ground, and integrating multi-source data using data fusion technology, we can analyze the changes in key benefit indicators in multiple dimensions before and after project implementation. This yields a multi-dimensional set of characteristic parameters reflecting the overall benefits of the project, providing basic data support for subsequent correlation analysis and early warning.

[0028] S202. Based on the multi-dimensional benefit characteristic parameter set of the project, the synergistic and antagonistic relationships between key indicators are analyzed by coupling sand-water-mountain, and a benefit-constraint correlation characteristic information set is obtained.

[0029] Synergistic and antagonistic relationships can refer to the interactions among key indicators of sand, water, and mountains. A synergistic relationship means that a positive change in one indicator promotes the positive development of another, while an antagonistic relationship means that a negative change in one indicator inhibits the development of another. The benefit-constraint correlation characteristic information set can be the set of information relating to benefits and constraints.

[0030] Specifically, in mountain and water engineering, elements such as sand, water, and mountains influence each other, and there may be complex interactions between benefit indicators (such as vegetation restoration may improve soil retention but increase water consumption). Existing methods often ignore these coupling relationships, leading to one-sided optimization strategies and even causing secondary ecological problems. This scheme reveals the synergistic and antagonistic relationships between key indicators through coupled sand-water-mountain analysis, thereby identifying benefit-driving mechanisms and limiting factors, avoiding blind spots in engineering management, and providing a scientific basis for formulating balanced strategies.

[0031] S203. Based on the benefit-constraint correlation feature information set, extrapolate future scenarios, generate engineering benefit health diagnosis and control strategies with the goal of suppressing benefit decay and ecological restoration risks, and output engineering benefit optimization management decision report.

[0032] Engineering benefit health diagnosis and control strategies can be strategies for assessing the health status of an engineering project and proposing adjustment measures.

[0033] Specifically, landscape engineering is a long-term process, and its benefits may diminish over time (such as vegetation degradation and water quality deterioration) or pose ecological risks (such as increased soil desertification). Current management lacks foresight and often resorts to post-hoc remediation, which is costly and ineffective. By extrapolating future scenarios, predicting future trends based on current relationships, and aiming to mitigate benefit decay and risks, adaptive control strategies can be generated to achieve sustainable management of the project and improve response speed and decision-making efficiency.

[0034] This embodiment analyzes a multi-source monitoring dataset from the sky, air, and ground to derive a set of multi-dimensional benefit characteristic parameters for the project, enabling subsequent analysis to comprehensively reflect the project's benefits. Based on the parameter set, a set of benefit-constraint correlation characteristic information is obtained through coupled sand-water-mountain analysis, revealing the intrinsic relationship between benefits and constraints. Furthermore, future scenarios are extrapolated based on the correlation information set, generating a health diagnosis and control strategy for the project's benefits, and outputting an optimized management decision report. This ensures the project's sustainability and ecological security, promotes efficient management of mountain and water projects, and constructs a complete technical system from data collection to decision support. It realizes multi-dimensional assessment, correlation analysis, and forward-looking control of the benefits of mountain and water project implementation, providing comprehensive technical support for the scientific management of ecological restoration projects.

[0035] In some embodiments, the space-air-ground multi-source monitoring dataset includes space-based remote sensing monitoring data, airborne remote sensing monitoring data, and ground-based sensor network data. Based on the space-based remote sensing monitoring data, the changes in land cover and the evolution of ecological patterns in the engineering construction area are analyzed to identify abnormal fluctuation areas of key benefit indicators, resulting in a macro-abnormal area dataset. Based on the macro-abnormal area dataset, targeted analysis is performed to analyze the fine trajectory of soil and water conservation, soil erosion, and slope topography changes within the macro-abnormal area dataset, generating an airborne diagnostic index set. Based on the airborne diagnostic index set, combined with ground-based sensor network data, precise on-site measurements of surface processes and ecological parameters are performed to analyze the sediment source characteristics, water transport information, and the intrinsic mechanism of slope stability in the airborne diagnostic index set, generating a ground-based verification parameter set. Based on the ground-based verification parameter set, a closed-loop feedback is provided to the space-based remote sensing monitoring data to trace the complete benefit evidence chain from macroscopic phenomena to microscopic mechanisms across the three spatial dimensions of sand, water, and mountains, generating a multi-dimensional benefit characteristic parameter set with causal correlation.

[0036] In a multidimensional domain, key benefit indicators can refer to a set of indicators covering the core impact areas of landscape engineering, such as ecology, geology, and hydrology. The change trajectory refers to the dynamic trend of key benefit indicators over time. The macroscopic anomaly dataset can be a set of areas where key benefit indicators exceed normal ranges, identified through space-based remote sensing data. Ground sensor network data can be real-time monitoring data acquired by deploying ground sensors in the engineering area from a multi-source monitoring dataset (space-air-ground). Space-based remote sensing monitoring data can be macroscopic monitoring data of the engineering construction area acquired through satellite remote sensing equipment. The space-based diagnostic indicator set can be a set of indicators obtained through detailed analysis of macroscopic anomaly areas. The ground-based verification parameter set can be a set of verification parameters obtained through ground sensing and field measurements. The three spatial dimensions of sand, water, and mountain can refer to the three core spatial categories of sediment transport, water cycle, and mountain stability in landscape engineering. The complete benefit evidence chain can be a set of benefit-related evidence from macroscopic phenomena to microscopic mechanisms. Causal correlation can refer to the causal relationship between key benefit indicators.

[0037] Specifically, in the process of benefit analysis of mountain and water engineering projects, the multi-dimensional benefit characteristic parameter set of the project is the foundation for benefit analysis and early warning. It can solve the limitations of single monitoring and fill blind spots, such as the difficulty in identifying micro-topography by space-based systems, the narrow coverage of air-based systems, and the scarcity of ground points. It can establish macro-micro causal relationships, avoid the disconnect between data and mechanisms, ensure the comprehensiveness of indicators, and prevent one-sided analysis. The output parameter set is the premise for subsequent benefit constraint analysis and strategy generation. Without this step, subsequent analysis will lack a reliable foundation, so it is indispensable. This step solves the above problems through the following methods: First, clarify the composition and acquisition method of the space-air-ground multi-source monitoring dataset. Use supervised classification to interpret the space-based remote sensing monitoring data. Analyze the change ratio of land cover type (such as forest, grassland, bare land) before and after the project implementation (such as the bare land area decreasing from 20% before implementation to 8% after implementation) and the evolution trend of patch connectivity in the ecological pattern (such as the connectivity index increasing from 0.3 to 0.6). By setting abnormal thresholds for key benefit indicators (such as soil erosion modulus exceeding 500t / (km²)... 2 •a) If the slope displacement exceeds 5 mm / month, it is considered abnormal. Identify abnormal fluctuation areas of key benefit indicators (e.g., a soil erosion modulus of 650 t / (km²) in a certain construction section due to vegetation destruction). 2 •a) The macro-anomaly region dataset was included. Then, ArcGIS spatial overlay analysis tools were used to overlay the macro-anomaly region dataset with space-based remote sensing images. Targeted analysis of the macro-anomaly regions was performed. Utilizing the high-resolution advantage of space-based remote sensing, the slope value of the slope topography change was calculated using the 3DAnalyst tool (e.g., a slope with a slope of 25° before implementation, becoming 32° after excavation). Combined with soil samples collected on-site (e.g., 10 soil samples were collected in the anomaly area, and the average soil erosion depth was measured to be 6 cm), the soil and water conservation status within the macro-anomaly region was analyzed (e.g., the soil and water conservation rate in the area decreased from 85% before implementation to 60% after implementation), and the spatial distribution of soil erosion (e.g., the severely eroded area was concentrated in the lower part of the slope, covering an area of ​​approximately 0.5 km²). 2This involves analyzing the fine trajectory of slope topographic changes (e.g., a 10-meter-long crack appearing at the top of the slope) to generate a set of empty-base diagnostic indicators, including soil and water conservation rate, soil erosion modulus, and slope gradient changes. Then, based on this set, eight surface runoff observation points were deployed in the abnormal area using in-situ monitoring (monitoring surface runoff velocity, with a measured average velocity of 0.3 m / s). Combined with real-time soil moisture data collected by a ground-based sensor network (e.g., soil moisture content at one observation point was 18%), precise on-site measurements of surface processes (e.g., the path and flow rate of surface runoff) and ecological parameters (e.g., vegetation cover, measured at 40% through field quadrat surveys) were performed. Indoor particle size distribution tests were used to analyze the collected sediment samples (e.g., 70% of the sediment had a particle size less than 0.05 mm, indicating that the sediment was mainly fine sand). The sediment source characteristics within the empty-base diagnostic indicator set were analyzed (e.g., the sediment mainly originated from bare slope areas, accounting for 80% of the total sediment volume). Information on water transport (e.g., water transport from the top to the bottom of the slope at an average velocity of 0.1 m / d) and the intrinsic mechanism of slope stability (e.g., indoor geotechnical tests showed a soil-rock cohesion of 22 kPa and an internal friction angle of 30°, indicating the slope is currently in a basically stable state) were used to generate a foundation verification parameter set containing sediment particle size distribution, water transport velocity, and geotechnical parameters. Finally, based on this parameter set, ArcGIS spatial correlation analysis was used to spatially match the sediment source locations (e.g., bare slope sampling points) with sediment deposition areas (e.g., downstream river deposition areas) in space-based remote sensing images. This was then fed back to the space-based remote sensing monitoring data in a closed loop. By constructing a sand-water-mountain correlation model (e.g., analyzing the spatial correspondence between sediment source areas and water sink areas, determining that the overlap between water transport paths and sediment transport paths reaches 90%), the model was traced back to macroscopic phenomena (the downstream river deposition area observed by space-based systems reached 0.2 km²). 2 The study integrates a complete chain of benefit evidence from the micro-mechanism (slope erosion leading to sediment transport in foundation analysis), the set of sediment source migration trajectories (e.g., sediment transport from bare slopes to downstream river channels via surface runoff, a transport distance of approximately 2 km), the set of water transport paths (e.g., water transport along the slope direction, passing through 3 monitoring points), and the set of slope stability evolution (e.g., the slope stability coefficient increases from 1.1 before implementation to 1.3 after implementation). Finally, it generates a set of multi-dimensional engineering benefit characteristic parameters with causal relationships. This parameter set includes 20 core parameters such as sediment migration (e.g., annual migration decreases from 800t before implementation to 300t after implementation), water transport velocity, and slope stability coefficient, and clarifies the causal relationship of "slope vegetation restoration → reduced soil erosion → reduced sediment deposition → improved river ecology".

[0038] The method provided in this embodiment, through multi-source monitoring data collaboration and causal chain reconstruction, significantly improves the comprehensiveness, accuracy, and mechanism interpretability of the assessment of the benefits of landscape engineering, and provides effective support for the precise management and risk early warning of ecological restoration projects.

[0039] In some embodiments, based on sediment source characteristics and soil erosion, the migration trajectories of key sediment sources and deposition hotspots during sediment generation and transport are analyzed to generate a set of sediment source migration trajectories. Based on water transport information and soil and water conservation status, the dynamic path of water from the source area to the sink area and the process of water balance change are analyzed to generate a set of water transport paths. Based on the detailed trajectory of slope topographic changes and the intrinsic mechanism of slope stability, the driving mechanism of slope stability from local failure to macroscopic evolution is analyzed to generate a set of slope stability evolutions. Integrating the set of sediment source migration trajectories, the set of water transport paths, and the set of slope stability evolutions, a causal relationship network with the synergistic effect of sand, water, and mountains is constructed to generate a set of multi-dimensional benefit characteristic parameters for the project. A complete benefit evidence chain can be a set of evidence that is traceable, verifiable, and has a clear causal relationship between macroscopic phenomena and microscopic mechanisms. The set of sediment source migration trajectories can be a dataset that records the complete movement process and key characteristics of sediment from the "source" to the "transport path" and then to the "deposition area" after the implementation of the project. A water transport path set can be a dataset describing the dynamic flow paths and water balance changes of water from the "source area" to the "sink area" within an engineering area. A slope stability evolution set can be a dataset reflecting the driving mechanisms and process characteristics of slope changes from "local minor damage" to "macroscopic stability changes".

[0040] Specifically, the benefit analysis of mountain and water engineering projects involves complex multi-dimensional interactions. Existing methods often analyze sand, water, and mountain elements in isolation, failing to reveal the causal chain between macro and micro levels, leading to one-sided benefit assessments and delayed risk warnings. This step addresses these issues through the following methods: Based on sediment source characteristics and soil erosion, using geographic information systems (such as ArcGIS) and sediment transport models (such as the USLE model), analyze sediment generation and transport processes, identify key sediment source migration trajectories (such as the path of sediment from upstream to downstream) and deposition hotspots (such as areas with high deposition), and generate a set of sediment source migration trajectories; based on water transport information and soil and water conservation status, using hydrological models (such as the SWAT model) and path analysis algorithms, simulate the movement of water from source areas (such as rainfall areas) to sink areas (such as reservoirs). The system analyzes the dynamic paths and water balance changes (such as changes in evaporation, runoff, and infiltration) to generate a set of water transport paths. Based on the detailed trajectory of slope topographic changes (such as monthly topographic change data) and the intrinsic mechanism of slope stability (such as the internal friction angle of soil and rock), it uses geotechnical mechanics models (such as the limit equilibrium method) and stability analysis software (such as Slide software) to analyze the driving mechanism (such as rainfall infiltration) of slope stability from local failure (such as surface slippage) to macroscopic evolution (such as overall collapse), generating a set of slope stability evolution. Finally, it integrates the set of sand source migration trajectories, the set of water transport paths, and the set of slope stability evolution, and uses network analysis tools (such as Gephi) to construct a causal relationship network with sand-water-mountain synergy as the core, thereby generating a set of multi-dimensional benefit characteristic parameters for the project.

[0041] The method provided in this embodiment enables a comprehensive analysis of the benefits of landscape engineering from multiple dimensions, revealing the intrinsic connections between sand, water, and mountains, improving the accuracy and reliability of benefit assessment, providing a scientific basis for project management, supporting the formulation of targeted control measures, effectively suppressing the decline of benefits and the occurrence of ecological restoration risks, and promoting the sustainability of the project.

[0042] In some embodiments, based on the set of sediment source migration trajectories, the evolution characteristics of sediment sources, fluxes, and depositional morphology after project implementation are analyzed to generate a set of sediment constraint factors. Based on the set of sediment constraint factors, the coupling relationship between sediment changes and surface runoff, groundwater level, and water conservation capacity is analyzed to generate a set of water-soil interaction relationships. Based on the set of water-soil interaction relationships, the impact characteristics of water and sediment changes on mountain stability, slope safety, and the ecological geological environment are analyzed to determine a set of constraint characteristics for mountain response. Based on the set of constraint characteristics, the causes of benefit attenuation and ecological restoration risks resulting from sediment siltation are determined to generate a set of benefit-constraint correlation characteristic information.

[0043] The set of sediment constraint factors can be a collection of key sediment-related factors that affect the project's benefits after implementation. Groundwater level can be the depth of groundwater within the project area. The set of water-soil interaction relationships can be a collection of relationships that clearly define the coupling mechanism between sediment changes and surface runoff, groundwater level, and water conservation capacity. The set of constraint characteristics can be a collection of key constraint factors that clearly define the impact on mountain response. Sedimentation blockage can be the accumulation and blockage of sediment in river channels, underground pores, and pipe networks. Benefit attenuation can be the decline in expected benefits after project implementation. Causes of ecological restoration risks can be the reasons leading to poor or failed ecological restoration results.

[0044] Specifically, after the implementation of mountain and water engineering projects, the sustainability of the project benefits faces multiple challenges, especially the chain reaction triggered by sediment activity, which may lead to the decline of benefits and ecological risks. For example, sediment blockage can clog drainage systems, increase surface runoff, and thus erode slopes, threatening mountain stability. At the same time, the coupling relationship between sediment changes and hydrological processes (such as surface runoff and groundwater levels) may damage water conservation capacity and affect the regional ecological balance. This step addresses the aforementioned issues using the following methods: Based on the multi-dimensional benefit characteristic parameter set of the project, GIS spatial overlay analysis, SWAT hydrological model simulation, FLAC3D geotechnical mechanics analysis, and fishbone diagram causal analysis are employed to generate a benefit-constraint correlation characteristic information set by coupling key sand-water-mountain indicators step by step. First, for the sand source migration trajectory set, combined with field sampling (e.g., setting up 10 sediment sampling points to analyze sample characteristics before and after the project), the evolution of sediment sources (e.g., area A, where the sand source accounted for 60% before the project, changed to area B, where it accounted for 30% after the project), flux changes (from 500t / month to 300t / month during the rainy season), and deposition morphology (the thickness of the deposit in front of the dam reaches 1.5m) are analyzed to extract key factors and generate a sediment constraint factor set. Next, based on this factor set, combined with ground sensor data (e.g., data from 8 water level sensors and 5 runoff monitoring stations), the SWAT model is used... The coupling relationship between sediment and surface runoff (flux increased by 100 t / month, flow velocity increased from 0.8 m / s to 1.0 m / s), groundwater level (increased from 2.0 m to 1.5 m), and water conservation capacity (decreased from 400 mm / year to 300 mm / year) was simulated to generate a set of water-soil interaction relationships. Then, using FLAC3D software combined with ecological survey data (such as slope vegetation coverage increasing from 40% to 70%), the impact of water and sediment on mountain stability (coefficient decreased from 1.5 to 1.2), slope safety (coefficient decreased from 1.3 to 1.1), and ecological geological environment (soil organic matter decreased from 2.5% to 1.8%) was analyzed to determine the set of limiting features. Finally, the fishbone diagram analysis method was used to trace the root causes of risks, and it was found that the river channel was silted up by 0.8 m (flood control benefits decreased by 20%) and the underground pipe network was silted up by 40% (vegetation survival rate decreased by 25%). The above results were integrated to generate a set of benefit-limiting correlation feature information.

[0045] By using the method provided in this embodiment to couple and analyze the synergistic and antagonistic relationships among key indicators of sand, water, and mountains, it is possible to comprehensively identify the limiting factors and risk causes of engineering benefits. The resulting benefit-limitation correlation feature information set not only reveals surface phenomena but also delves into the mechanism level, providing accurate data support for subsequent engineering benefit health diagnosis and control strategies. At the same time, it enhances the risk early warning capability and the scientific nature of management decisions for mountain and water engineering, ultimately promoting the sustainability of engineering benefits and ecological security.

[0046] In some embodiments, based on a set of sediment constraint factors, the dynamic response relationship between surface hydrodynamic conditions and sediment transport and deposition processes within the engineering area is analyzed to obtain a surface runoff-sediment transport correlation set. Based on the surface runoff-sediment transport correlation set, combined with ground sensor network data, the potential sediment transport paths that affect soil moisture content and erosion during groundwater level fluctuations are analyzed to obtain a groundwater-sediment erosion correlation set. Based on the groundwater-sediment erosion correlation set, the impact of the project implementation on the regional water conservation capacity is analyzed to obtain information on changes in conservation capacity. Based on the information on changes in conservation capacity, the feedback mechanism of changes in conservation capacity on surface-groundwater hydrological processes and sediment activity is analyzed to obtain a set of water-soil interaction relationships that comprehensively characterize the influence of sediment on the direction and magnitude of water flow.

[0047] Hydrological processes and water balance parameters can refer to the movement and transformation of surface water and groundwater within the engineering area. Water balance parameters can be parameters representing the balance between water inflow and outflow within the engineering area over a certain period. Surface runoff-sediment transport correlation sets can be derived by analyzing the dynamic response of surface water dynamic conditions within the engineering area to sediment transport and deposition processes. Groundwater-sediment erosion correlation sets can be derived by analyzing the potential sediment transport paths that influence soil moisture content and erosion during groundwater level fluctuations. Soil moisture content can be the proportion of water content in soil to its dry weight or volume, a key parameter reflecting soil moisture status. Erodectation can be the geological process by which groundwater dissolves, erodes, and transports soil or rock particles during flow, leading to the formation of cavities or loose zones within the strata; it is one of the important factors causing slope instability and sediment transport. Potential sediment transport pathways can be the channels or paths through which sediment particles may migrate in soil or strata under the influence of groundwater level fluctuations and erosion. These pathways typically require analysis of groundwater dynamics. Information on changes in water conservation capacity can be used to analyze the impact of engineering projects on the regional water conservation capacity, reflecting changes in indicators such as regional water conservation volume and soil infiltration rate before and after the project.

[0048] Specifically, sediment activity in the project area not only directly restricts soil and water conservation benefits but also indirectly affects regional hydrological cycles and ecological stability by altering surface roughness, infiltration channels, and underground water storage space. Ignoring the coupling mechanism between sediment and hydrological elements makes it difficult to identify the underlying causes of benefit degradation, achieve a closed-loop diagnosis from phenomenon to mechanism, and provide a reliable basis for subsequent risk warning and control strategy formulation. This step addresses these issues using the following methods: Based on the set of sediment-constraining factors, a hydrodynamic analysis method is employed (combining theoretical models such as the Manning formula and sediment transport formula), incorporating surface runoff data obtained from field runoff monitoring stations (e.g., flow velocity of 1.5 m / s and runoff depth of 0.3 m during heavy rain, and runoff depth of 0.3 m during light rain). Using a flow velocity of 0.4 m / s and a depth of 0.05 m, the dynamic response of surface hydrodynamic conditions (such as flow shear force and runoff Reynolds number) to sediment transport and deposition processes within the engineering area was analyzed. For example, when the runoff velocity exceeded 0.9 m / s, the sediment transport distance increased from 500 m at 0.6 m / s to 800 m; when the flow velocity was below 0.5 m / s, sediment began to accumulate at a rate of 0.02 m / d. This yielded a correlation set between surface runoff and sediment transport. Based on this correlation set, combined with data from a ground-based sensor network (from sensors deployed at 500 m intervals within the engineering area, such as groundwater levels of 0.6 m in the rainy season and 2.8 m in the dry season with a maximum monthly fluctuation of 1.2 m, and soil moisture content of 28% one day, 15% three days, and 9% one week after rain), the following analysis was conducted. An analytical method combining groundwater dynamics (such as Darcy's law) and soil physics (such as the soil water characteristic curve theory) is used to analyze the impact of groundwater level fluctuations on soil moisture content and erosion (such as soil silt migration leading to an increase in porosity from 30% to 35%). This identifies potential sediment transport pathways (e.g., when groundwater level fluctuations exceed 1m and soil moisture content is higher than 16%, sandy loam areas are prone to forming transport channels with a diameter of 5-10cm, extending from 2m to 5m underground along the sand layer), generating a groundwater-sediment erosion correlation set. Based on this correlation set, an eco-hydrological assessment method (combining the InVEST model's water conservation module and soil infiltration rate measurement experiments) is employed, along with vegetation monitoring data from the engineering area (e.g., tree coverage increasing from 25%). The impact of the project on water conservation capacity was analyzed using measured data on vegetation cover (from 30% to 70%) and soil infiltration rate (e.g., 0.4 mm / min before the project and 1.3 mm / min after the project). For example, when the average monthly water conservation volume in the region increased from 18 mm to 42 mm (the contribution of vegetation interception increased from 30% to 50%, and the contribution of soil infiltration increased from 40% to 45%), information on changes in water conservation capacity was obtained. Based on this information, a system feedback analysis method was used (constructing a causal loop diagram of the water-sediment-water conservation capacity coupled system) to analyze the feedback mechanism of changes in water conservation capacity on surface-groundwater hydrological processes and sediment activity. For example, when the monthly water conservation volume increased by 24 mm, the total surface runoff decreased by 18% (e.g., when the average monthly flow of a certain river section increased from 12 m³ / min to 55%). 3 / s decreased to 9.8m 3 The increase in groundwater recharge (e.g., an average rise in groundwater level of 0.3m) leads to a 13% decrease in sediment transport (e.g., sediment transport at monitoring sections decreases from 350kg / s to 305kg / s) and a decrease in the erosion rate from 0.01m / d to 0.005m / d. This ultimately generates a comprehensive characterization of the direction of sediment flow (e.g., sediment deposition on the left bank causes runoff to shift from due north to northeast, a deflection of approximately 30°) and magnitude (e.g., sediment blockage reduces the flow rate of a tributary from 5m³ / s to 0.005m / d). 3 / s decreased to 3.2m 3 The set of water and soil interaction relationships influenced by / s).

[0049] The method provided in this embodiment realizes multi-process coupled analysis from sediment constraints to hydrological responses, accurately revealing the disturbance mechanism of sediment activity on the water cycle process, providing a scientific basis for identifying the risk of benefit decay and formulating targeted water and soil regulation strategies, and significantly improving the accuracy of comprehensive benefit assessment and the reliability of early warning capabilities of mountain and water engineering.

[0050] In some embodiments, based on the water-soil interaction relationship set, the stress state changes of slope rock and soil under the combined action of surface runoff erosion and groundwater erosion are analyzed to identify several high-risk areas for slope instability, thus obtaining high-risk areas for slope instability. Based on the high-risk areas for slope instability, combined with the multi-dimensional benefit characteristic parameter set of the engineering, the dynamics of the mountain surface erosion resistance under the coupling effect of vegetation root soil stabilization capacity and rock and soil mechanical properties in each high-risk area for slope instability are analyzed to obtain the ecological geological environment vulnerability evolution set. Based on the ecological geological environment vulnerability evolution set, the chain effect path from water and sediment transport to rock and soil response and then to ecological function degradation in each high-risk area for slope instability is connected to determine the constraint characteristic set of mountain response with slope safety and ecological geological stability as the core.

[0051] The process of water and sediment change can be described as the dynamic evolution of water transport and sediment migration within the region after the implementation of the project. Mountain stability refers to the state in which a mountain maintains its overall structure and does not experience geological disasters such as collapse or landslides under the influence of the natural environment and engineering activities. Slope safety refers to the state in which slopes within the project area do not become unstable or fail under the influence of factors such as water and sediment action and the self-weight of the soil and rock mass. The ecological geological environment refers to the coupled ecological and geological system within the project area, composed of geological structures, soil and rock mass, vegetation, hydrology, and other elements; its state can be characterized by parameters such as vegetation cover, soil erosion modulus, and soil and rock mass porosity. The set of constraints on mountain response refers to the set of characteristics that constrain mountain stability, slope safety, and the ecological geological environment under the influence of water and sediment change processes. Surface runoff erosion refers to the erosion and transportation of surface soil and rock mass by surface runoff during its flow; its intensity can be measured by parameters such as erosion force and erosion depth. Groundwater erosion refers to the process by which flowing groundwater dissolves and transports fine particles in soil and rock, leading to structural damage. The stress state of slope soil and rock mass refers to the force exerted per unit area within the slope soil and rock mass. High-risk areas for slope instability are areas where the stress state of the slope soil and rock mass exceeds the safety threshold, making them prone to landslides, collapses, and other instability accidents. These areas are defined based on factors such as the slope stability coefficient and the rate of change of soil and rock stress. The soil-fixing capacity of vegetation roots refers to the characteristic of vegetation roots enhancing the soil's resistance to erosion and shear through entanglement and penetration; its magnitude can be measured by parameters such as root soil-fixing strength and root distribution depth. Soil and rock mechanical properties refer to the physical and mechanical characteristics of soil and rock mass in resisting external forces. Dynamics of mountain surface erosion resistance refer to the dynamic changes in the erosion resistance of the mountain surface under the influence of factors such as water and sediment action and changes in vegetation cover. The evolutionary set of ecological and geological environmental vulnerability refers to a set of characteristics reflecting the evolution of the ecological and geological environmental vulnerability within the engineering area over time. The chain reaction path can be a continuous causal chain within the engineering area, from abnormal water and sediment transport triggering the response of the soil and rock mass to the degradation of ecological functions.

[0052] Specifically, in the analysis and early warning of the benefits of mountain and water engineering projects, from the perspective of engineering safety, it can integrate the analysis of surface and subsurface interactions to accurately identify high-risk areas for slope instability and avoid omissions in early warning; from the perspective of ecological assessment, it couples vegetation and soil interactions to truly reflect the vulnerability of the ecological and geological environment and ensure the objectivity of the assessment; from the perspective of strategy generation, it connects the chain effect paths to provide the root basis for regulation strategies and ensures the scientific nature of the strategies; from the perspective of process connection, it integrates preceding data and supports subsequent steps to avoid process gaps and ensure the integrity of the system. This step addresses the aforementioned issues using the following methods: First, based on the water-soil interaction relationship set comprehensively characterizing the influence of sediment on water flow direction and magnitude, geomechanical stress analysis, hydrodynamic coupling simulation, and geographic information system (GIS) spatial overlay analysis are employed to focus on analyzing the internal stress distribution and plastic zone development of slope soil and rock under the combined effects of surface runoff erosion and groundwater erosion (e.g., using the Mohr-Coulomb criterion to assess changes in shear strength parameters). High-risk areas for slope instability due to shear stress concentration or increased permeability are identified (e.g., areas with slopes steeper than 25 degrees, cohesion below 20 kPa, and groundwater depth less than 2 meters), forming a spatial distribution set of high-risk areas. Next, combining the multi-dimensional engineering benefit characteristic parameter set including sediment source migration trajectory, water transport path, and slope deformation history, ecological geomechanical coupling is applied... The assessment method, combined with time-series remote sensing interpretation technology, analyzes the dynamic coupling process between the soil stabilization effect of vegetation root system (e.g., inverting additional shear strength based on root density and depth) and the physical and mechanical properties of rock and soil (e.g., the relationship between internal friction angle and water content) in high-risk areas. This quantitatively assesses the evolution trend of the mountain surface's resistance to erosion over time and under external disturbances, generating a quantitative evolution set of ecological and geological environmental vulnerability. Furthermore, using system chain path analysis and multi-factor contribution assessment methods, the complete causal chain of each high-risk area is established, from water and sediment transport (e.g., runoff carrying sediment particles into rock fissures), to rock and soil mechanical response (e.g., increased pore water pressure leading to reduced effective stress), and then to ecological function degradation (e.g., vegetation cover decreasing to below 0.3 causing surface soil erosion). Ultimately, this accurately determines the constraint feature set of mountain response, with slope safety and ecological and geological system stability as the core.

[0053] By combining mechanical analysis and ecological geological assessment methods, this embodiment achieves a precise mapping from water and sediment dynamics processes to soil and rock stability responses, revealing the slope instability mechanism under the chain reaction of multiple factors. This is beneficial to improving the comprehensiveness of risk identification and early warning capabilities in mountain and water engineering areas, and supports the generation of targeted control strategies.

[0054] In some embodiments, based on a constraint feature set, the spatial coupling relationship between each high-risk area for slope instability and the ecologically and geologically vulnerable area is analyzed to identify areas of synergistic decline in engineering benefits, resulting in a spatial distribution set of benefit decline. Based on this spatial distribution set, combined with a water-soil interaction relationship set, the dominant driving factors for benefit decline in each segment of the spatial distribution set are analyzed. Based on several dominant driving factors, a multi-dimensional set of engineering benefit characteristic parameters is associated to analyze the chain reaction process of increased sediment sources, altered water transport paths, and decreased mountain stability under the influence of each dominant driving factor, resulting in a benefit-constraint correlation feature information set from phenomenon to mechanism. The ecologically and geologically vulnerable evolution set can be a dataset formed by the dynamics of surface erosion resistance of the mountain under the coupling effect of vegetation root soil stabilization capacity and rock and soil mechanical properties in each high-risk area for slope instability. High-risk areas for slope instability can be specific areas prone to slope instability identified by analyzing changes in the stress state of slope rock and soil under the combined action of surface runoff erosion and groundwater erosion. Water and sediment transport can be the flow path of water and the transport process of sediment within the engineering area. Geotechnical response can refer to changes in the mechanical properties and structural state of soil and rock masses under the influence of water and sediment. Ecological function degradation can refer to the decline in the function of the ecosystem within the engineering area. Chain reaction pathways can be a continuous chain of action from abnormal water and sediment transport to changes in the state of soil and rock masses, and then to a decline in ecological function. Slope safety can be the state in which a slope remains stable and does not collapse under natural conditions and engineering actions. Ecological geological stability can be the state in which the geological environment and ecosystem within the engineering area maintain stability in synergy. The constraint characteristic set of mountain response can be a set of constraints and characteristics of mountains under the influence of external factors, with slope safety and ecological geological stability as the core. The spatial distribution set of benefit attenuation can be a dataset of regions and their spatial distributions of synergistic decline in engineering benefits identified by analyzing the spatial coupling relationship between high-risk areas of slope instability and ecologically fragile areas. The dominant driving factor can be the factor that plays a major role in the benefit attenuation process.

[0055] Specifically, after the implementation of mountain and water engineering projects, the decline in benefits and the risk of ecological restoration often stem from a chain reaction of multiple factors. Simply analyzing a single dimension (such as sediment or water flow) cannot fully capture the causes of the risks. For example, slope instability may be triggered by water and sediment transport, leading to changes in soil and rock stress and degradation of ecological functions, forming a chain effect. If this path is not understood, project management may only focus on surface phenomena (such as sediment deposition) while ignoring deeper mechanisms (such as soil and rock response or ecological degradation), resulting in the failure of control measures. This step addresses the aforementioned issues using the following methods: First, employing multi-source data fusion and causal chain analysis, based on the ecological and geological environment vulnerability evolution set, the spatial location and vulnerability parameters (such as vulnerability index) of each slope instability high-risk area are extracted. Spatial overlay analysis is then performed using a Geographic Information System (GIS) to identify the intersection points of water and sediment transport paths with high-risk areas. Second, the impact of water and sediment transport on soil and rock stress is simulated using geotechnical models (such as finite element analysis) to obtain soil and rock response parameters (such as stress change rate). Then, combined with ecological function assessment models (such as vegetation cover change analysis), the degree of ecological function degradation (such as degradation rate) is quantified. Finally, path analysis methods (such as structural equation modeling) are used to connect the chain effects of water and sediment transport, soil and rock response, and ecological function degradation, constructing a causal network to determine the constraint feature set centered on slope safety and ecological and geological stability, including key constraint factors (such as sediment deposition intensity) and risk levels.

[0056] The method provided in this embodiment connects the chain effect path from water and sediment transport to ecological function degradation, enabling the determined set of constraint features to comprehensively reflect the multidimensional constraint relationship of mountain response, improving the accuracy and pertinence of engineering benefit early warning, providing a reliable data foundation for subsequent generation of control strategies, and enhancing the risk prevention and control capabilities of engineering management.

[0057] In some embodiments, based on a set of constraints, the spatial distribution of several high-risk areas for sediment blockage and the correspondence between them and hydrogeological units are analyzed to identify the main sediment collection areas and main sediment transport paths. Based on the main sediment collection areas and main sediment transport paths, and combined with the influence of sediment on the direction and magnitude of water flow, the interaction between sediment deposition intensity and surface runoff scouring force, groundwater level fluctuation amplitude, and soil permeability in each collection area is analyzed to determine the set of sediment blockage causes that lead to continuous sediment blockage. Based on the set of sediment blockage causes, and combined with the set of sand source migration trajectories, water transport paths, and slope stability evolution, the phenomenon of slope stability decline and vegetation degradation caused by sediment blockage is analyzed to obtain a set of benefit-constraint correlation feature information.

[0058] The constraint feature set can be a set of parameters derived from mountain response analysis that reflects the limitations on slope safety and ecological geological stability. Sedimentation can be a natural phenomenon where sediment accumulation in a specific area leads to obstructed water flow or changes in geological structure. Benefit attenuation can be the process by which the expected ecological or economic benefits gradually weaken over time after the implementation of a water conservancy project. High-risk areas for sedimentation can be areas prone to sediment accumulation identified based on spatial distribution and hydrogeological characteristics. Hydrogeological units can be geographical areas with similar hydrological and geological characteristics. Major sediment collection areas can be hotspots where sediment is ultimately deposited during transport. Major sediment transport pathways can be transport channels from the source area to the sink area. The impact of sediment on water flow direction and magnitude can be the effect of sediment accumulation altering the direction or flow rate of water, such as river channel diversion or increased flooding. Sedimentation intensity can be the thickness or volume of sediment accumulation per unit time. Surface runoff erosion force can be the ability of surface water to erode soil or sediment, influenced by slope, rainfall intensity, and vegetation cover. Groundwater level fluctuation range can be defined as the range of groundwater level changes over time. Soil and rock permeability can be defined as the ability of soil and rock media to allow water flow. Sedimentation causation set can be a set of factors leading to continuous sediment accumulation. Sediment source migration trajectory set can be a set of paths from sediment generation to transport. Water transport trajectory set can be a set of dynamic paths of water from source areas to sink areas. Slope stability evolution set can be a set of trends in slope stability over time. Decreased slope stability can be a phenomenon where the slope's resistance to sliding weakens, leading to an increased risk of instability. Vegetation degradation can be defined as reduced vegetation cover or deterioration in vegetation health, affecting soil and water conservation.

[0059] Specifically, siltation is the core root cause of the decline in the benefits and ecological risks of water conservancy projects. Existing methods only observe the surface and fail to delve into its connection with hydrogeology and the causal chain with data such as sediment sources and water content. This easily leads to mistargeted regulation, treating symptoms but not the root cause, and warnings that are out of touch with reality. The benefit-constraint correlation feature set, which builds upon previous data and facilitates subsequent inferences, analyzes the spatial distribution, causes, and correlations of siltation, and provides accurate problem diagnosis. It is a core prerequisite and indispensable for ensuring accurate analysis and warning and targeted regulation strategies. This step addresses the above problems through the following method: Based on the constraint feature set, GIS spatial overlay analysis technology is used to overlay and match the vector boundaries of high-risk areas of siltation (such as valley outlets and reservoir tails around the project) with the distribution maps of hydrogeological units (such as porous aquifer areas and fractured rock strata outcrops with uniform hydrogeological conditions). Through spatial intersection analysis, the main sediment collection areas (such as a gentle area of ​​about 6,000 square meters at the outlet of a valley) and sediment transport areas are identified. The main sediment transport pathways (such as narrow passages about 7 meters wide extending along gullies from the mountain slope) were identified. Subsequently, based on the aforementioned main sediment collection areas and transport pathways, and combined with relevant information from the water-soil interaction relationship set (including the influence of sediment on water flow direction and magnitude, such as sediment causing a 18° deflection of the water flow direction and a decrease in flow velocity to 0.15 m / s), a method combining "on-site monitoring + indoor simulation" was adopted. Surface runoff monitoring instruments were deployed in the main collection areas to monitor surface runoff scour force, such as a scour force of 24 N / m² measured after a rainfall event. 2Groundwater level monitoring wells (recording data hourly, with a monthly fluctuation of 1.0 m) and soil permeability test wells (with a permeability coefficient of 1.8 × 10⁻⁵ cm / s measured through pumping tests) were used to collect data over 1-3 months. Combined with indoor soil column simulation tests (simulating water flow under different sediment deposition thicknesses), the interaction between sediment deposition intensity (e.g., a monthly sediment deposition thickness of 4.5 cm in a certain catchment area) and surface runoff scour force, groundwater level fluctuation, and soil permeability was analyzed. Correlation analysis (e.g., calculating the negative correlation coefficient between deposition intensity and scour force) was used to determine the set of causes of sediment blockage (e.g., insufficient scour force, excessively high groundwater levels leading to soil saturation, etc.). Finally, based on... This set of sediment siltation causes, combined with the set of sand source migration trajectories (including the trajectory of a sand source migrating from the upper part of the mountain to the catchment area), the set of water transport paths (including the transport path of water from the source area to the catchment area), and the set of slope stability evolution (including the evolution of a slope's safety factor from 1.3 to 1.1), uses a causal chain analysis method (sorting out the logical relationship of "sediment siltation → rising groundwater level → declining slope stability → vegetation degradation") to analyze the phenomena of declining slope stability (such as the safety factor of a slope around a catchment area decreasing from 1.2 to 1.08) and vegetation degradation (such as the surrounding vegetation coverage decreasing from 58% to 38%) caused by sediment siltation. Finally, it generates a set of benefit-constraint correlation characteristic information that comprehensively reflects the relationship between sediment siltation and benefit attenuation, as well as the risk of ecological restoration.

[0060] The method provided in this embodiment enables a root cause analysis of siltation, scientifically quantifies the causes of benefit attenuation and ecological restoration risks, and improves the accuracy and foresight of landscape engineering management. Through multi-dimensional data coupling, it enhances the ability to trace mechanisms from macro to micro levels, making the generated benefit-constraint correlation feature information set more causally related, providing a reliable data foundation for the formulation of subsequent regulation strategies, and promoting the sustainability of engineering benefits and ecological security.

[0061] In some embodiments, based on the benefit-constraint correlation feature information set, the water and sediment transport process and slope stability evolution trend in the main sediment collection area under different hydrological and meteorological conditions are simulated to obtain a benefit attenuation path set. Based on the benefit attenuation path set, combined with the sediment siltation cause set, the formation mechanism of sediment concentration siltation area and slope instability section in the benefit attenuation path is analyzed in reverse. Based on the formation mechanism, the cascade feedback information of multi-level siltation-seepage-stress chain is analyzed to generate a targeted control measure library including engineering interception, ecological restoration and management regulation. Based on the targeted control measure library, the water and sediment transport process and mountain stability response under different control measure combinations are simulated to evaluate the effect of each measure combination on inhibiting sediment siltation, improving water conservation capacity and enhancing slope stability, generating a multi-scenario control effect set. Based on the multi-scenario control effect set, a benefit-risk trade-off analysis is conducted. With the goal of engineering benefit sustainability and ecological risk minimization, the optimal control measure combination is selected, an engineering benefit health diagnosis and control strategy is generated, and an engineering benefit optimization management decision report is output.

[0062] A slope instability segment can be a section in the benefit decay path where slope stability declines significantly and there is a risk of instability. The formation mechanism can be the causes and logic of the formation of concentrated sediment deposition areas and slope instability segments. A multi-level siltation-seepage-stress chain can be the chain feedback relationship formed between sediment deposition, seepage changes, and soil and rock stress within the engineering area. Cascade feedback information can be the dynamic information of the mutual influence of each link in the multi-level siltation-seepage-stress chain. A targeted control measure library can be a collection of various control methods designed to address the decline in engineering benefits and the risks of ecological restoration. A combination of control measures can be a scheme formed by selecting and combining measures from the targeted control measure library. Mountain stability response can be the change in the stability state of the mountain (including slopes) after implementing the combination of control measures. Control effect assessment can be a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the effects of the combination of control measures on inhibiting sedimentation, improving water conservation capacity, and enhancing slope stability. A multi-scenario control effect set can be a collection of information on the control effects, implementation costs, and ecological risks corresponding to different combinations of control measures. Benefit-risk trade-off analysis can comprehensively consider the engineering benefits (such as soil and water conservation and water source conservation benefits) and ecological risks (such as vegetation destruction and hydrological change risks) of a combination of control measures. Engineering benefit sustainability refers to the characteristic of a project to continuously deliver its expected benefits during long-term operation. Ecological risk minimization aims to control the risk of damage to the ecosystem of the project area to the lowest possible level after the implementation of control measures. The optimal combination of control measures can be the combination of control measures that satisfies both engineering benefit sustainability and ecological risk minimization in the benefit-risk trade-off analysis. Engineering benefit health diagnosis and control strategies can be specific plans developed based on the optimal combination of control measures, used to diagnose the health status of engineering benefits and guide the implementation of control measures. Engineering benefit optimization management decision reports can be reports that integrate information such as engineering benefit health diagnosis and control strategies, implementation steps, expected effects, cost budgets, and division of responsibilities, providing a basis for project management decisions.

[0063] Specifically, the core value of landscape engineering (such as soil and water conservation projects and slope stabilization projects) lies in its long-term role in ecological restoration and benefit enhancement. However, in actual operation, the benefits of these projects are easily diminished by dynamically changing environmental factors (such as hydrological and meteorological fluctuations) and inherent risks (such as siltation and slope instability). Without scientific future scenario projections and targeted control strategies, the projects may gradually shift from "effective" to "inefficient or even ineffective," and may also trigger secondary ecological problems (such as slope landslides damaging surrounding vegetation and siltation blocking river channels, affecting the hydrological cycle). This step addresses these issues through the following methods: analyzing sediment transport trajectories under different rainfall intensities (such as 50 mm / h) and runoff conditions using hydrodynamic simulation; assessing slope stability trends using geomechanical analysis methods; and identifying high-risk areas for benefit degradation (such as 3 locations); based on the siltation causal set, through reverse... The analytical methods clarify the formation mechanisms of concentrated sediment deposition areas (e.g., 5 locations) and slope instability sections (e.g., 2 locations); combining the cascade feedback information of multi-level siltation-seepage-stress chains, and utilizing engineering structure optimization algorithms and ecological adaptability assessment methods, a targeted control measure library is generated, including the deployment of silt-trapping dams, vegetation restoration, and drainage system optimization; a multi-objective system simulation model is used to simulate the water and sediment transport process and mountain stability response under different combinations of measures (e.g., 4 schemes), evaluating the effects of each scheme on inhibiting sediment siltation (e.g., reducing siltation by 0.5 tons / year), improving water conservation capacity (e.g., increasing conservation capacity by 100,000 cubic meters), and enhancing slope stability (e.g., increasing the safety factor by 0.3); finally, through a benefit-risk trade-off analysis algorithm, with sustainability and risk minimization as the objectives, the optimal combination of control measures is selected, generating an engineering benefit health diagnosis control strategy and optimization management decision report. This embodiment achieves advanced early warning and precise control of the risk of diminishing benefits of landscape engineering through multi-method coupled simulation and multi-objective optimization, thereby improving the sustainability and scientific management level of ecological restoration projects.

[0064] The method provided in this embodiment, through forward-looking hydrological and meteorological scenario simulation and benefit attenuation path analysis, identifies potential engineering risks in advance, shifting regulation from "post-event remediation" to "pre-event prevention," avoiding large-scale benefit losses and high restoration costs caused by risk accumulation. By accurately analyzing the formation mechanisms of concentrated sediment deposition areas and slope instability sections, it ensures that regulation measures directly address the root causes of problems, avoiding resource waste and recurring effects caused by "blindly implementing measures," and improving the input-output ratio of regulation. By analyzing the cascading feedback information of multi-level siltation-seepage-stress chains, it ensures that regulation measures cover key links in the risk chain, achieving comprehensive prevention of ecological restoration risks. To control and avoid secondary problems caused by neglecting one aspect for another; through multi-measure combination simulation and benefit-risk trade-off analysis, the optimal solution of "high benefit, low risk, and reasonable cost" is selected, balancing the sustainability of engineering benefits and the needs of ecological protection, avoiding both ecological damage caused by a single engineering measure and insufficient benefits of a single ecological measure; the final output of the engineering benefit optimization management decision report integrates the implementation details of the control strategy, the division of responsibilities, cost budget and expected results, providing clear and actionable action guidelines for engineering managers, improving the long-term management efficiency and quality of landscape engineering, and ensuring that the project continues to play its value in ecological restoration and benefit enhancement.

[0065] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a landscape engineering implementation benefit analysis and early warning system provided in an embodiment of this application is shown below. Figure 3 As shown, the landscape engineering implementation benefit analysis and early warning system 300 of this embodiment includes: a feature extraction module 301, a benefit constraint module 302, and a benefit deduction module 303.

[0066] Feature extraction module 301 is used to acquire a multi-source monitoring dataset of space-air-ground, and based on the multi-source monitoring dataset of space-air-ground, analyze the change trajectory of key benefit indicators in multiple dimensions before and after the implementation of the project, and obtain a multi-dimensional benefit feature parameter set of the project; The benefit constraint module 302 is used to obtain a benefit-constraint correlation feature information set by coupling the sand-water-mountain analysis of the synergistic and antagonistic relationships between key indicators based on the multi-dimensional benefit feature parameter set of the project. The benefit projection module 303 is used to project future scenarios based on the benefit-constraint correlation feature information set, with the goal of suppressing benefit decay and ecological restoration risks, to generate engineering benefit health diagnosis and control strategies, and output an engineering benefit optimization management decision report.

[0067] Optionally, when the feature extraction module 301 analyzes the change trajectory of key benefit indicators in multiple dimensions before and after project implementation based on the space-air-ground multi-source monitoring dataset to obtain a multi-dimensional benefit feature parameter set for the project, it is specifically used for: The multi-source monitoring dataset encompasses space-based remote sensing monitoring data, airborne remote sensing monitoring data, and ground-based sensor network data. Based on the space-based remote sensing monitoring data, it analyzes land cover changes and ecological pattern evolution in the engineering construction area, identifies abnormal fluctuation areas of key benefit indicators, and obtains a macro-anomaly area dataset. Based on this macro-anomaly area dataset, it performs targeted analysis to analyze the fine trajectory of soil and water conservation, soil erosion, and slope topography changes within the dataset, generating an airborne diagnostic index set. Based on this airborne diagnostic index set, combined with the ground-based sensor network data, it performs precise on-site measurements of surface processes and ecological parameters, analyzes the sediment source characteristics, water transport information, and the intrinsic mechanisms of slope stability within the airborne diagnostic index set, and generates a ground-based verification parameter set. Based on this ground-based verification parameter set, it is fed back in a closed loop to the space-based remote sensing monitoring data, tracing back the complete benefit evidence chain from macroscopic phenomena to microscopic mechanisms across the three spatial dimensions of sand, water, and mountains, generating a causally related multi-dimensional benefit characteristic parameter set for the project.

[0068] Optionally, when the feature extraction module 301 generates the multi-dimensional benefit feature parameter set of the project with causal correlation by tracing the complete benefit evidence chain from macroscopic phenomena to microscopic mechanisms in the three spatial dimensions of sand, water, and mountains, based on the ground-based verification parameter set and feeding it back to the space-based remote sensing monitoring data in a closed loop, the module is specifically used for: Based on the characteristics of sediment sources and the soil erosion situation, the migration trajectories of key sediment sources and deposition hotspots during sediment generation and transport are analyzed to generate a set of sediment source migration trajectories. Based on the water transport information and the soil and water conservation situation, the dynamic path of water from the source area to the sink area and the process of water balance change are analyzed to generate a set of water transport paths. Based on the detailed trajectory of slope topographic changes and the intrinsic mechanism of slope stability, the driving mechanism of slope stability from local failure to macroscopic evolution is analyzed to generate a set of slope stability evolution. By integrating the set of sediment source migration trajectories, the set of water transport paths, and the set of slope stability evolution, a causal relationship network with the synergistic effect of sand, water, and mountains as the core is constructed to generate a set of multi-dimensional benefit characteristic parameters of the project.

[0069] Optionally, when the feature extraction module 301 obtains the benefit-constraint correlation feature information set based on the multi-dimensional benefit feature parameter set of the project by coupling the synergistic and antagonistic relationships between key indicators of sand-water-mountain analysis, it is specifically used for: Based on the aforementioned set of sediment source migration trajectories, the evolution characteristics of sediment sources, fluxes, and depositional morphology after project implementation are analyzed to generate a set of sediment constraint factors. Based on this set of sediment constraint factors, the coupling relationship between sediment changes and surface runoff, groundwater level, and water conservation capacity is analyzed to generate a set of water-soil interaction relationships. Based on this set of water-soil interaction relationships, the impact characteristics of water and sediment changes on mountain stability, slope safety, and the ecological geological environment are analyzed to determine a set of constraint characteristics for mountain response. Based on this set of constraint characteristics, the causes of benefit attenuation and ecological restoration risks resulting from sediment siltation are determined to generate a set of benefit-constraint correlation characteristic information.

[0070] Optionally, when the benefit constraint module 302 analyzes the coupling relationship between sediment change and surface runoff, groundwater level, and water conservation capacity based on the sediment constraint factor set to generate a water-soil interaction relationship set, it is specifically used for: Based on the aforementioned set of sediment constraint factors, the dynamic response relationship between surface hydrodynamic conditions and sediment transport and deposition processes within the engineering area is analyzed to obtain a surface runoff-sediment transport correlation set. Based on this correlation set, and combined with ground-based sensor network data, potential sediment transport paths affecting soil moisture content and erosion during groundwater level fluctuations are analyzed to obtain a groundwater-sediment erosion correlation set. Based on this correlation set, the impact of the project on regional water conservation capacity is analyzed to obtain information on changes in conservation capacity. Based on this information on changes in conservation capacity, the feedback mechanism of changes in conservation capacity on surface-groundwater hydrological processes and sediment activity is analyzed to obtain a set of water-soil interaction relationships that comprehensively characterize the influence of sediment on the direction and magnitude of water flow.

[0071] Optionally, when the benefit constraint module 302 analyzes the impact characteristics of water and sediment changes on mountain stability, slope safety, and ecological geological environment based on the water-soil interaction relationship set, and determines the constraint feature set of mountain response, it is specifically used for: Based on the aforementioned set of water-soil interaction relationships, the stress state changes of slope rock and soil under the combined effects of surface runoff erosion and groundwater erosion are analyzed, identifying several high-risk areas for slope instability. Based on these high-risk areas, and combined with the aforementioned set of multi-dimensional engineering benefit characteristic parameters, the dynamics of the mountain surface's resistance to erosion under the coupled effect of vegetation root system soil-fixing capacity and rock and soil mechanical properties are analyzed, resulting in a set of ecological and geological environment vulnerability evolution. Based on this set of ecological and geological environment vulnerability evolution, the chain reaction path from water and sediment transport to rock and soil response and then to ecological function degradation is traced through each high-risk area for slope instability, determining the set of constraining characteristics for mountain response with slope safety and ecological and geological stability as the core.

[0072] Optionally, when determining the set of limiting features for mountain response with slope safety and ecological geological stability as the core, based on the set of ecological and geological environment vulnerability evolution and tracing the chain effect path from water and sediment transport to soil and rock response to ecological function degradation in each high-risk area of ​​slope instability, the benefit constraint module 302 is specifically used for: Based on the aforementioned constraint feature set, the spatial coupling relationship between each high-risk area for slope instability and the ecologically and geologically fragile area is analyzed to identify the areas of synergistic decline in engineering benefits, thus obtaining a spatial distribution set of benefit decline. Based on the spatial distribution set of benefit decline, combined with the set of water-soil interaction relationships, the dominant driving factors of benefit decline in each segment of the spatial distribution set of benefit decline are analyzed. Based on several dominant driving factors, the multi-dimensional benefit feature parameter set of the project is associated to analyze the chain reaction process of increased sediment source, changed water transport path, and decreased mountain stability under the action of each dominant driving factor, thus obtaining the benefit-constraint correlation feature information set from phenomenon to mechanism.

[0073] Optionally, when the benefit constraint module 302 determines the causes of benefit attenuation and ecological restoration risk based on siltation as the root cause, and generates the benefit-constraint correlation feature information set, it is specifically used for: Based on the aforementioned constraint feature set, the spatial distribution of several high-risk areas for sediment blockage and their correspondence with hydrogeological units are analyzed to identify the main sediment collection areas and main sediment transport paths. Based on the main sediment collection areas and the main sediment transport paths, combined with the influence of sediment on the direction and magnitude of water flow, the interaction between sediment deposition intensity and surface runoff scouring force, groundwater level fluctuation amplitude, and soil permeability within each collection area is analyzed to determine the sediment blockage causal set that leads to continuous sediment blockage. Based on the sediment blockage causal set, combined with the sand source migration trajectory set, the water transport path set, and the slope stability evolution set, the phenomenon of slope stability decline and vegetation degradation caused by sediment blockage is analyzed to obtain the benefit-constraint correlation feature information set.

[0074] Optionally, when the benefit projection module 303 projects future scenarios based on the benefit-constraint correlation feature information set, aims to suppress benefit decay and ecological restoration risks, generates an engineering benefit health diagnosis and control strategy, and outputs an engineering benefit optimization management decision report, it is specifically used for: Based on the aforementioned benefit-constraint correlation feature information set, the water and sediment transport process and slope stability evolution trend in the main sediment collection areas under different hydrological and meteorological conditions are simulated to obtain a benefit attenuation path set. Based on the benefit attenuation path set, combined with the sediment siltation cause set, the formation mechanism of concentrated sedimentation areas and slope instability sections in the benefit attenuation path is analyzed in reverse. Based on the formation mechanism, the cascade feedback information of multi-level siltation-seepage-stress chain is analyzed to generate a targeted control measure library including engineering interception, ecological restoration, and management regulation. Based on the targeted control measure library, the water and sediment transport process and mountain stability response under different control measure combinations are simulated to evaluate the effects of each measure combination on inhibiting sediment siltation, improving water conservation capacity, and enhancing slope stability, generating a multi-scenario control effect set. Based on the multi-scenario control effect set, a benefit-risk trade-off analysis is conducted. With the goal of engineering benefit sustainability and ecological risk minimization, the optimal control measure combination is selected, generating the engineering benefit health diagnosis and control strategy, and outputting the engineering benefit optimization management decision report.

[0075] The system in this embodiment can be used to execute the methods of any of the above embodiments, and its implementation principle and technical effect are similar, so they will not be described again here.

Claims

1. A method for analyzing and providing early warning of the implementation benefits of landscape engineering projects, characterized in that, include: Obtain a multi-source monitoring dataset from the sky, air, and ground. Based on the multi-source monitoring dataset, analyze the change trajectory of key benefit indicators in multiple dimensions before and after the project implementation to obtain a multi-dimensional benefit characteristic parameter set for the project. Based on the multi-dimensional benefit characteristic parameter set of the project, the synergistic and antagonistic relationships between key indicators are analyzed by coupling sand, water and mountain to obtain a benefit-constraint correlation characteristic information set; Based on the aforementioned benefit-constraint correlation feature information set, future scenarios are deduced. With the goal of suppressing benefit decay and ecological restoration risks, a health diagnosis and control strategy for engineering benefits is generated, and an engineering benefit optimization management decision report is output.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the aforementioned space-air-ground multi-source monitoring dataset, the changes in key benefit indicators across multiple dimensions before and after project implementation are analyzed to obtain a multi-dimensional benefit characteristic parameter set for the project, including: The space-air-ground multi-source monitoring dataset includes space-based remote sensing monitoring data, air-based remote sensing monitoring data, and ground-based sensor network data; Based on the aforementioned space-based remote sensing monitoring data, the changes in land cover and the evolution of ecological patterns in the engineering construction area are analyzed, and areas of abnormal fluctuations in key benefit indicators are identified, resulting in a macro-abnormal area dataset. Based on the aforementioned macro-anomaly region dataset, targeted analysis is performed to analyze the fine trajectory of soil and water conservation status, soil erosion, and slope topography changes within the macro-anomaly region dataset, generating a set of empty-based diagnostic indicators. Based on the aforementioned spatial diagnostic index set, combined with the ground sensor network data, precise on-site measurements of surface processes and ecological parameters are performed. The intrinsic mechanisms of sediment source characteristics, water transport information, and slope stability in the spatial diagnostic index set are analyzed to generate a ground verification parameter set. Based on the ground-based verification parameter set, a closed-loop feedback is provided to the space-based remote sensing monitoring data to trace the complete benefit evidence chain from macroscopic phenomena to microscopic mechanisms across the three spatial dimensions of sand, water, and mountains, generating a multi-dimensional benefit characteristic parameter set of the project with causal correlation.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Based on the ground-based verification parameter set, a closed-loop feedback is provided to the space-based remote sensing monitoring data to trace the complete benefit evidence chain from macroscopic phenomena to microscopic mechanisms across the three spatial dimensions of sand, water, and mountains. This generates a multi-dimensional benefit characteristic parameter set of the project with causal correlation, including: Based on the characteristics of sediment sources and the soil erosion situation, the migration trajectories of key sediment sources and deposition hotspots during sediment generation and transport are analyzed to generate a set of sediment source migration trajectories. Based on the water transport information and the soil and water conservation status, the dynamic path of water from the source area to the sink area and the water balance change process are analyzed to generate a set of water transport paths. Based on the detailed trajectory of the slope topography change, combined with the intrinsic mechanism of slope stability, the driving mechanism of slope stability from local failure to macroscopic evolution is analyzed, and a slope stability evolution set is generated. By integrating the set of sand source migration trajectories, the set of water transport paths, and the set of slope stability evolution, a causal relationship network with sand-water-mountain synergy as the core is constructed, and a set of multi-dimensional benefit characteristic parameters of the project is generated.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Based on the multi-dimensional benefit characteristic parameter set of the project, the synergistic and antagonistic relationships among key indicators are analyzed by coupling sand, water, and mountain, resulting in a benefit-constraint correlation characteristic information set, including: Based on the aforementioned set of sand source migration trajectories, the evolution characteristics of sediment sources, fluxes, and deposition patterns after the implementation of the project are analyzed, and a set of sediment constraint factors is generated. Based on the set of sediment constraint factors, the coupling relationship between sediment change and surface runoff, groundwater level and water conservation capacity is analyzed to generate a set of water-soil interaction relationships. Based on the aforementioned set of water-soil interaction relationships, the impact characteristics of water and sediment change processes on mountain stability, slope safety, and ecological geological environment are analyzed, and the set of constraints on mountain response is determined. Based on the aforementioned constraint feature set, the causes of benefit attenuation and ecological restoration risks arising from siltation are determined, and the benefit-constraint correlation feature information set is generated.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, Based on the set of sediment constraint factors, the coupling relationship between sediment changes and surface runoff, groundwater level, and water conservation capacity is analyzed to generate a set of water-soil interaction relationships, including: Based on the set of sediment constraint factors, the dynamic response relationship between surface hydrodynamic conditions in the engineering area and sediment transport and deposition processes is analyzed to obtain the surface runoff-sediment transport correlation set. Based on the surface runoff-sediment transport correlation set and combined with the ground sensor network data, the potential sediment transport paths that affect soil moisture content and erosion during groundwater level fluctuations are analyzed to obtain the groundwater-sediment erosion correlation set. Based on the groundwater-sediment erosion correlation set, the impact of the project implementation on the regional water conservation capacity is analyzed, and information on changes in conservation capacity is obtained. Based on the information on changes in water conservation capacity, the feedback mechanism of changes in water conservation capacity on surface-groundwater hydrological processes and sediment activity is analyzed, and the set of water-soil interaction relationships that comprehensively characterize the influence of sediment on the direction and magnitude of water flow is obtained.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, Based on the aforementioned set of water-soil interaction relationships, the impact characteristics of water and sediment changes on mountain stability, slope safety, and the ecological geological environment are analyzed, and the constraint characteristic set of mountain response is determined, including: Based on the set of water-soil interaction relationships, the stress state changes of slope rock and soil under the combined action of surface runoff scouring and groundwater erosion are analyzed, and several high-risk areas of slope instability are identified, thus obtaining the high-risk areas of slope instability. Based on the high-risk areas of slope instability, and combined with the multi-dimensional benefit characteristic parameter set of the project, the dynamics of the erosion resistance of the mountain surface under the coupling effect of the soil stabilization capacity of vegetation roots and the mechanical properties of rock and soil in each high-risk area of ​​slope instability are analyzed to obtain the set of ecological and geological environment vulnerability evolution. Based on the aforementioned set of ecological and geological environment vulnerability evolution, the chain reaction path from water and sediment transport to soil and rock response and then to ecological function degradation in each of the aforementioned high-risk areas of slope instability is connected, and the set of constraints on mountain response with slope safety and ecological and geological stability as the core is determined.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, Based on the aforementioned set of ecological and geological environmental vulnerability evolutions, the chain reaction path from water and sediment transport to soil and rock response and then to ecological function degradation is traced through each of the aforementioned high-risk areas for slope instability. This leads to the determination of a set of constraining characteristics for mountain response, with slope safety and ecological and geological stability at its core, including: Based on the aforementioned constraint feature set, the spatial coupling relationship between each of the high-risk areas for slope instability and the ecologically and geologically fragile areas is analyzed, the areas of synergistic attenuation of engineering benefits are identified, and the spatial distribution set of benefit attenuation is obtained. Based on the aforementioned spatial distribution set of benefit attenuation, and combined with the aforementioned set of water-soil interaction relationships, the dominant driving factors of benefit attenuation in each segment of the aforementioned spatial distribution set of benefit attenuation are analyzed. Based on the aforementioned dominant driving factors, and in conjunction with the multi-dimensional benefit characteristic parameter set of the project, the chain reaction process of increased sediment source, altered water transport path, and decreased mountain stability under the influence of each dominant driving factor is analyzed, resulting in the benefit-constraint correlation characteristic information set from phenomenon to mechanism.

8. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, Based on the constraint feature set, the causes of benefit attenuation and ecological restoration risks arising from siltation are determined, and the benefit-constraint correlation feature information set is generated, including: Based on the aforementioned constraint feature set, the spatial distribution of several high-risk areas for sediment blockage and the correspondence between them and hydrogeological units were analyzed, and the main sediment accumulation areas and main sediment transport pathways were identified. Based on the main sediment collection areas and the main sediment transport paths, and combined with the influence of sediment on the direction and magnitude of water flow, the interaction between sediment deposition intensity and surface runoff scouring force, groundwater level fluctuation amplitude and soil permeability in each collection area is analyzed to determine the set of sediment siltation causes that lead to continuous sediment siltation. Based on the set of causes of sediment blockage, combined with the set of sand source migration trajectories, the set of water transport paths, and the set of slope stability evolution, the phenomenon of slope stability decline and vegetation degradation caused by sediment blockage is analyzed, and the set of benefit-constraint correlation feature information is obtained.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, Based on the benefit-constraint correlation feature information set, future scenarios are deduced to generate engineering benefit health diagnosis and control strategies with the goal of suppressing benefit decay and ecological restoration risks, and an engineering benefit optimization management decision report is output, including: Based on the aforementioned benefit-constraint correlation feature information set, the water and sediment transport process and slope stability evolution trend of the main sediment collection area under different hydrological and meteorological conditions are simulated to obtain the benefit attenuation path set. Based on the set of benefit attenuation paths and the set of causes of sediment blockage, the formation mechanism of concentrated sediment accumulation areas and slope instability sections in the benefit attenuation paths is analyzed in reverse. Based on the aforementioned formation mechanism, the cascade feedback information of the multi-level siltation-seepage-stress chain is analyzed to generate a targeted control measure library that includes engineering interception, ecological restoration and management control. Based on the aforementioned targeted control measures library, the water and sediment transport process and mountain stability response under different combinations of control measures are simulated. The effects of each combination of measures on inhibiting sediment blockage, improving water conservation capacity and enhancing slope stability are evaluated, and a multi-scenario control effect set is generated. Based on the multi-scenario regulation effect set, a benefit-risk trade-off analysis is conducted. With the goal of balancing the sustainability of engineering benefits with the minimization of ecological risks, the optimal combination of regulation measures is selected, the engineering benefit health diagnosis and regulation strategy is generated, and the engineering benefit optimization management decision report is output.

10. A system for analyzing and early warning the implementation benefits of landscape engineering projects, characterized in that, The method applied to any one of claims 1-9 includes: The feature extraction module is used to acquire a multi-source monitoring dataset from the sky, air, and ground. Based on the multi-source monitoring dataset, the module analyzes the change trajectory of key benefit indicators in multiple dimensions before and after the project implementation, and obtains a multi-dimensional benefit feature parameter set for the project. The benefit constraint module is used to obtain a benefit-constraint correlation feature information set by coupling the sand-water-mountain analysis of the synergistic and antagonistic relationships between key indicators based on the multi-dimensional benefit characteristic parameter set of the project. The benefit projection module is used to project future scenarios based on the benefit-constraint correlation feature information set, with the goal of suppressing benefit decay and ecological restoration risks, to generate engineering benefit health diagnosis and control strategies, and output engineering benefit optimization management decision reports.

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