Black pig breeding method with southern Yunnan small-ear pigs as main breeding materials

Abstract

The invention discloses a black pig breeding method with southern Yunnan small-ear pigs as main breeding materials, and relates to the technical field of animal breeding, and the black pig breeding method is technically characterized by comprising the following steps: S1, screening an optimal hybridized combination: carrying out a hybridized combination test on the southern Yunnan small-ear pigs, Berkshire pigs, Duroc pigs, Meishan pigs and other pig breeds, and screening out the optimal hybridized combination; s2, establishing a breeding core group: selecting ideal type individuals with target traits tending to be consistent in the optimal hybrid combination, and establishing the breeding core group; s3, group subculture breeding: continuously performing group subculture breeding on the breeding core group to obtain a black pig variety which is good in reproductive performance, high in growth speed, high in feed conversion and stable in hereditary character; according to the method, the advantages of the southern Yunnan small-ear pigs are utilized, dominant characters of other pig breeds are combined, and a new black pig variety is bred through the technical means of group subculture breeding, cross-breeding fixation and the like; the new pigs are good in reproductive performance, high in growth speed, high in feed reward and very high in economic value.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of animal breeding technology, in particular to a black pig breeding method taking Dianan small-ear pig as main breeding material. BACKGROUND

[0002] Dianan small-ear pig is a small-sized pig breed unique to the south of Yunnan Province and a national-level protected breed of livestock and poultry genetic resources. The meat of Dianan small-ear pig is tender and delicate, and has a fresh, fragrant, tender and glutinous taste. In addition, Dianan small-ear pig can well adapt to the hot and humid climate of tropical and subtropical regions, and is resistant to coarse feeding and easy to raise. Therefore, Dianan small-ear pig is a valuable resource for the industrial production of characteristic high-quality pork in the southern region of Yunnan Province. However, Dianan small-ear pig still has defects such as small body size, slow growth and poor reproductive capacity.

[0003] Therefore, the present application aims to provide a black pig breeding method taking Dianan small-ear pig as main breeding material to solve the above problems. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application aims to solve the above problems and provide a black pig breeding method taking Dianan small-ear pig as main breeding material. The advantages of Dianan small-ear pig are utilized, and the new breeding material is created by combining the advantageous traits of other pig breeds. Then, a new black pig breed is bred through population subculture breeding, horizontal cross fixation and other technical means.

[0005] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the present application is as follows:

[0006] The present application provides a black pig breeding method taking Dianan small-ear pig as main breeding material. The method comprises the following steps:

[0007] S1, screening the optimal cross combination: 10 cross combination tests are carried out by using Dianan small-ear pig and pig breeds such as Berkshire pig, Duroc pig and Meishan pig. The 10 cross combinations are DuxDian, BaxDian, DuxBaxDian, BaxBaxDian, DuxDuxDian, BaxDuxDian, DuxDuxDian, DuxDianxDux, DianxDux, DianxDuxDux. Under the same feeding conditions, the reproductive performance, growth performance, body appearance, disease resistance and other traits are compared to screen the optimal cross combination. The combination can also be used for economic crossbreeding and popularized application.

[0008] S2, establishing a breeding core group: the excellent offspring (ideal type individuals) of the optimal cross combination are selected. The target traits such as body appearance, growth performance and reproductive traits tend to be consistent. A breeding core group of 10 or more families is established. The requirements are that there are not less than 20 breeding boars and 150 breeding sows, and the kinship coefficient between families is not higher than 0.05. When subculture breeding is carried out, the generations cannot overlap. For example, the breeding pigs of the first generation can only mate with the breeding pigs of the first generation to breed the next generation, and cannot mate with the breeding pigs of other generations. The same applies to the other generations.

[0009] S3, group succession breeding: the black pig breeding core group carries out group succession breeding for four generations or more than four generations, each generation has orderly breeding work such as pig selection and mating, pig determination, genetic evaluation and pig selection and reservation, and finally realizes the goal of breeding a new black pig variety with good reproductive performance, fast growth speed, high feed reward and stable genetic traits.

[0010] The piglet is registered in the pedigree file in the breeding software as soon as it is born, including parent, grandparent, grandparent, birth weight, number of teats, hair color, birth place, litter size, genotype, generation, whether it is a deformity and the like. Subsequently, the core performance indexes such as growth rate, daily gain, back fat thickness, eye muscle area and feed conversion ratio of the candidate breeding pig are determined during the growth period. After the determination is completed, the genetic index is calculated by using the BLUP technology, and a quantitative basis is provided for selection and mating. The candidate breeding pig is strictly screened according to the genetic index, phenotype and appearance, the unselected boar is castrated immediately, and the unselected sow can be sold externally. The selected breeding pig follows the principle of'mating with the best', and a targeted mating plan is made, so as to lay a foundation for breeding a better next generation of breeding pig.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0012] The present application takes Dianan small ear pig as the main breeding material to breed a new black pig variety. The variety contains 25% of Dianan small ear pig blood, 25% of Berkshire pig blood and 50% of Duroc pig blood, has the advantages of high reproductive ability, fast growth and low feed conversion ratio, significantly improves the economic traits, and at the same time retains the excellent meat quality of Dianan small ear pig, and has good popularization value. Compared with the purebred Dianan small ear pig, the total number of piglets born per pregnancy is increased from 7.7 to 11.05, the birth weight is increased from 0.6 kg to 1.3 kg, the daily gain during the fattening stage is increased from 360 g to 730 g, the lean meat rate of carcass is increased from 31% to 55%, the feed conversion ratio is reduced from 5.0 to 3.2, the slaughter rate is increased to 76%, the average back fat thickness is reduced to 25.7 mm, the eye muscle area reaches 56.38 cm 2 , the proportion of hind legs accounts for 33.36% of the carcass weight, the muscle marble score is 3.3, and the intramuscular fat content is 3.5%. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 It is the flow chart of the breeding method in the embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] In order to make the person skilled in the art better understand the present application, the technical solutions of the present application will be further described in detail below in combination with the embodiments of the present application and the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor should belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0015] It should be noted that the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below in combination with the embodiments.

[0016] Embodiment 1

[0017] As shown in FIG. 1, a black pig breeding method taking Dianan small ear pig as the main breeding material, the method comprising the following steps: S1, screening the optimal hybrid combination: using Dianan small ear pig and Berkshire pig, Duroc pig and Meishan pig and other pig breeds to carry out 10 hybrid combination tests, and screening the optimal hybrid combination.

[0018] S2, establishing a breeding core group: selecting excellent offspring (ideal type individuals) of the optimal hybrid combination, the target traits such as body shape, growth performance, reproductive traits, etc. tend to be consistent, and a breeding core group of more than 10 families is formed, requiring no less than 20 breeding boars and 150 breeding sows, and the kinship coefficient between families is not higher than 0.05.

[0019] S3, population subculture breeding: the black pig breeding core group continuously carries out population subculture breeding for more than four generations, and each generation orderly carries out pedigree registration, performance measurement, genetic evaluation, breeding boar selection and mating, etc. breeding work, and finally realizes breeding a new black pig product with good reproductive performance, fast growth speed, high feed reward and stable genetic traits.

[0020] Embodiment 2

[0021] Selection of breeding stock:

[0022] Select healthy and excellent new breed black pig breeding boars and boars as breeding sows and boars.

[0023] Pregnancy management:

[0024] Provide high-quality feed for pregnant new breed black sow to ensure sufficient nutrition of the sow. The feed should be rich in protein, minerals and vitamins to promote the healthy development of the fetus.

[0025] Delivery and lactation period:

[0026] Sows are given a quiet, clean, and comfortable environment for delivery. After delivery, piglets are allowed to suckle as soon as possible, and the lactation period is 3-4 weeks, during which the piglets can obtain sufficient nutrients from the sow's milk.

[0027] Weaning and fattening period:

[0028] Piglets are weaned at 4-6 weeks of age and enter the fattening stage. During this stage, high-protein feed is provided to promote growth. Meanwhile, environmental temperature, humidity, and ventilation are controlled to prevent disease transmission.

[0029] Growth and development period management:

[0030] During the growth stage, efficient and comprehensive feed is provided to the new breed of black pigs to increase their body weight.

[0031] Pre-market management:

[0032] The growth state of the new breed of black pigs is maintained, and feed intake is reasonably controlled to ensure that the pig body weight meets market requirements.

[0033] Black pig new breed breeding data performance:

[0034] Reproduction data:

[0035] The average total number of piglets is 11.05, and the average number of live piglets is 9.52, indicating that this pig has high productivity.

[0036] Feed conversion data:

[0037] The average daily gain during the 30kg-100kg stage is 730g, and the feed conversion ratio is 3.2, indicating that this pig has fast growth speed and good feed conversion efficiency.

[0038] Meat quality and slaughter yield:

[0039] Slaughter data shows that the slaughter rate is 78.5%, the carcass lean meat rate is 55%, the muscle marble score is 3.3, and the intramuscular fat content is more than 3.5%, indicating that this pig has excellent meat quality and high slaughter yield.

[0040] The above specific embodiments are merely an explanation of the invention, and are not a limitation of the invention. Those skilled in the art can make modifications to the embodiments without creative contribution after reading the specification, as long as the modifications are within the scope of the claims of the invention.

Claims

1. A black pig breeding method using Yunnan South Miniature Pig as the main breeding material, characterized by: The method comprises the following steps: ​ S1, screening the optimal cross combination: using Dian'nan miniature pigs and Berkshire pigs, Duroc pigs and Meishan pigs to carry out 10 cross combination tests, and the 10 cross combinations are Du×Dian, Ba×Dian, Du×BaDian, Ba×BaDian, Du×DuDian, Ba×DuDian, DuTai×DuDian, DuDian×DuTai, Dian×DuTai, and Dian×DuDuTai, and the optimal cross combination is screened from them; S2, establishing a breeding core group: selecting ideal type individuals with consistent target traits in the optimal cross combination to establish a breeding core group; S3, population successive generation breeding: the breeding core group is continuously subjected to population successive generation breeding for four generations or more to obtain a black pig breed with good reproductive performance, fast growth rate, high feed reward, and stable genetic traits.

2. The method for breeding black pigs using Yunnan small-eared pigs as the main breeding material as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, under the same feeding conditions, the optimal cross combination is screened through comparison of reproductive performance, growth performance, body appearance, and disease resistance.

3. The method for breeding black pigs using Yunnan small-eared pigs as the main breeding material as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In the breeding core group of S2, the individual pigs have pedigree data of 3 generations or more; The breeding core group comprises at least 20 boars and 150 sows; The breeding core group comprises 10 or more families, and the family coefficient is 0-0.

05.

4. The method for breeding black pigs using Yunnan small-eared pigs as the main breeding material as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, the breeding work is carried out on the boars of each generation after population successive generation breeding.

5. The method for breeding black pigs using Yunnan small-eared pigs as the main breeding material as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The breeding work comprises pedigree registration, performance determination, genetic evaluation, boar selection and mating.

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