High-pressure hydrogen storage bottle opening combination valve with streamline flow channel and control method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of high-pressure hydrogen storage of hydrogen fuel cell automobiles, and provides a high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle opening combination valve with a streamline runner and a control method. The combination valve integrates a high-pressure stop valve, a two-way flow regulating valve, a filter and a pressure / temperature / flow sensor, an air supply channel, an air inflation channel, a discharge channel and a cooling channel are designed, and the air supply channel and the air inflation channel are provided with a common rail type channel. A pilot-operated pressure reducing valve and a main runner bidirectional flow regulating valve are additionally arranged on the gas supply channel to form a two-stage pressure reducing system, so that the pressure and flow of hydrogen at an outlet are effectively limited, and the hydrogen is safely conveyed to a fuel cell; a redundant one-way valve is additionally arranged on an inflation channel to achieve rapid filling. Flow resistance and turbulent flow dissipation are remarkably reduced through a streamline channel, a sealing interface is reduced through modular integration, actuation response and power density are improved, and safety and stability of pressure reduction gas supply and high-pressure filling working conditions, intrinsic safety of the system and reliability of the whole life cycle are ensured.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of high-pressure hydrogen storage of hydrogen fuel cell vehicle storage system, in particular to a high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle port combined valve with a streamlined flow channel and a control method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles generally use high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage, and the nominal pressure of the hydrogen storage bottle of a passenger vehicle reaches 70 MPa, and that of a commercial vehicle is 35 MPa, while the working pressure of the fuel cell system needs to be reduced to 0.5-1.5 MPa. The bottle port combined valve is a core component for controlling hydrogen charging, supply and safety relief, and its performance is directly related to the safety and reliability of the system. However, the current mainstream bottle port valve adopts a "split layout", that is, external electromagnetic valves, manual stop valves, TPRD and other single components are connected through pipelines outside the main valve body, resulting in large overall space occupation, many sealing nodes (increasing the risk of leakage), and increased flow resistance and turbulent dissipation caused by pipeline redundancy, affecting the filling efficiency and system response speed.

[0003] However, the traditional filling scheme of the high-pressure hydrogen storage system of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle has the following significant shortcomings: 1. Low integration leads to reduced reliability: The increase in external pipelines and sealing interfaces increases the risk of leakage due to material fatigue under temperature alternation of -40-85°C and high pressure of 70 MPa, and the number of leakage points of the split valve body can be more than 3 times that of the integrated valve body; 2. Weak safety logic: Key functional components such as pressure reducing valves, flow limiting valves and relief devices are arranged in a scattered manner and lack coordinated control, making it difficult to achieve rapid linkage response in over-temperature / over-pressure conditions, such as the fixed trigger temperature of the traditional TPRD, which has no real-time interaction with the temperature sensor and emergency shut-off valve, and cannot build a hierarchical safety barrier; 3. Technical dependence and lack of standards: The 70 MPa high-pressure bottle valve technology is not mature enough, and there is a lack of performance testing standards and safety design guidelines for the entire combined valve, resulting in poor product consistency and high maintenance costs.

[0004] In addition, the 70 MPa high-pressure hydrogen storage system of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle needs to realize safe hydrogen supply and filling through the bottle port combined valve, and the existing technology faces three major challenges: 1. Insufficient precision of pressure reduction control: Traditional single-stage pressure reducing valves cannot simultaneously supply 20 MPa to 35 MPa and 0.5 MPa to 1.5 MPa, and a large pressure difference can easily cause uncontrolled hydrogen throttling temperature rise, leading to material embrittlement or seal failure, and sudden changes in flow such as valve opening and closing can easily cause outlet pressure oscillation, affecting the stable operation of the electric pile; 2. Multi-condition safety coordination defect: The supply and filling conditions need independent control logic, but the existing system lacks a dynamic parameter coupling mechanism. The Joule-Thomson effect generated by high-speed hydrogen flow during filling can cause a sudden temperature rise in the local area, and the traditional TPRD can only respond to over-temperature and cannot prevent the risk of excessive temperature rise rate. 3. Emergency response lag: There is a millisecond-level delay in pressure / temperature detection. When a single parameter such as pressure suddenly increases to a critical value, the existing stop valve is not fast enough to block the chain reaction, increasing the probability of explosion.

[0005] In this context, there is an urgent need to develop a new type of high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle valve and control method to effectively solve the above technical defects and avoid potential safety risks and performance bottlenecks. SUMMARY

[0006] To solve the above technical deficiencies, the present application provides a high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle valve with a streamlined flow passage and a control method. The core is to use integrated two-stage pressure gradient control and real-time multi-parameter coordinated safety protection mechanism to achieve safe and stable gas supply from 70MPa hydrogen storage bottle to 0.5MPa to 1.5MPa fuel cell. Through the millisecond-level linkage response of high-pressure stop valve and TPRD temperature-sensitive relief device, dynamic regulation of temperature rise rate and pressure fluctuation by redundant one-way valve under filling condition, the problems of insufficient precision of traditional pressure reduction and multi-condition coordination failure are completely solved. The problem of dynamic parameter coordination failure caused by the separation of control logic in the supply / filling dual condition is solved, the risk of excessive temperature rise rate is eliminated, and a dual-mode safety dynamic balance is achieved. A dual-channel synchronous monitoring and dual-actuator linkage relief mechanism is constructed to improve the emergency response efficiency to milliseconds and eliminate the response lag. The streamlined design combined with the optimized flow passage eliminates hydrogen retention dead angle, suppresses water hammer phenomenon, and avoids the risk of -50℃ low temperature embrittlement caused by Joule-Thomson effect during 70MPa relief. At the same time, it can improve the flow capacity and hydrogen filling rate, the flow field uniformity prolongs the valve life, and ensures the durability of the fuel cell.

[0007] In a first aspect, the present application provides a high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle valve with a streamlined flow passage, which includes an integrated valve body. The integrated valve body is internally provided with a common rail type gas main flow passage, a supply flow passage, a filling flow passage, a relief flow passage, a cooling channel, a pressure sensor, a flow sensor, and a temperature sensor. The integrated valve body is internally formed with a gas flow channel with continuous and gradually changing curvature based on three-dimensional fluid dynamics optimization, the gas flow channel comprises a common rail type gas main flow channel, a gas supply flow channel and a gas charging flow channel, the common rail type gas main flow channel is sequentially integrated with a high-pressure stop valve, a two-way flow regulating valve, a central control integrated valve and a first filter, and the central control integrated valve is provided with a pressure sensor, a flow sensor and a temperature sensor; the gas flow channel and the internal components thereof are of streamline topology, the common rail type gas main flow channel is provided with the gas supply flow channel and the gas charging flow channel on the two sides of the middle part, the gas supply flow channel is integrated with a pilot type pressure reducing valve and a check valve, the gas charging flow channel is integrated with a redundant check valve, a relief device is arranged in the relief flow channel, and a cooling channel is arranged around the valve body of the integrated valve, the central control integrated valve and the valve body of the high-pressure stop valve; During the hydrogen supply process, hydrogen flows out of the high-pressure bottle opening of the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage cylinder, sequentially flows through the high-pressure stop valve, the two-way flow regulating valve, the central control integrated valve and the first filter of the common rail type gas main flow channel, the pilot type pressure reducing valve and the check valve of the gas supply flow channel, and finally enters the hydrogen fuel cell reaction device; During the hydrogen filling process, hydrogen sequentially flows through the redundant check valve of the gas charging flow channel, the first filter, the central control integrated valve, the two-way flow regulating valve and the high-pressure stop valve of the common rail type gas main flow channel, and finally enters the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage cylinder through the high-pressure bottle opening.

[0008] Preferably, the relief device comprises an automatic / manual relief device and a TPRD thermal trigger relief device, and both are communicated to the relief flow channel.

[0009] Preferably, the TPRD thermal trigger relief device is arranged in parallel with the high-pressure stop valve, and is connected to an external high-pressure metal hose through a high-temperature and high-pressure relief interface, so as to discharge hydrogen to an external safe area.

[0010] Preferably, the redundant check valve in the gas charging flow channel comprises a symmetrical conical valve seat structure and a valve core, and the surface of the valve core is covered with a polytetrafluoroethylene-tungsten carbide composite coating.

[0011] Preferably, the cooling device is a micro-channel phase change cooling unit embedded in the wall surface of the cooling channel.

[0012] Preferably, the cooling medium of the micro-channel phase change cooling unit is perfluoropolyether.

[0013] In the second aspect, the application provides a control method of a high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder bottle opening combination valve with a streamline flow channel, when hydrogen is supplied, the method comprises the following steps: S1: Real-time monitoring of hydrogen pressure and temperature in the hydrogen storage cylinder; S2: System status determination: If both pressure and temperature are within the preset safety threshold, the bidirectional flow regulating valve will be opened and controlled synchronously. If the main gas supply mode conditions are met, the system will switch to S3 to enter the main gas supply mode; otherwise, the system will switch to S6 to enter the emergency relief mode. ; Where P is the pressure inside the bottle, and T is the temperature inside the bottle. These are the minimum and maximum values ​​of the first pressure threshold. These are the minimum and maximum values ​​of the temperature threshold. Represents AND. Represents OR; S3: Start and synchronously control the cooling device. If the dynamic temperature rise rate is less than or equal to the first temperature rise rate threshold, the hydrogen passes through the first filter and is transferred to S4; otherwise, immediately start the cooling program and continue S3 until the dynamic temperature rise rate is less than or equal to the first temperature rise rate threshold. ; Where dT / dt is the rate of temperature rise; S4: Hydrogen gas undergoes secondary pressure reduction via a two-way flow regulating valve and a pilot-operated pressure reducing valve. The outlet pressure is determined to be within the second pressure threshold range and the flow rate is within the second flow rate range to determine whether the pressure reduction is qualified. If yes, proceed to S5; otherwise, continue with S4 until the pressure reduction is qualified. ; Among them, P out Q is the outlet pressure of the pressure reducing valve. out For export flow; ; S5: Hydrogen gas is delivered to the hydrogen fuel cell reactor through a one-way valve; S6: Activate emergency relief mode: If the temperature is abnormal, activate the TPRD thermal trigger relief device for emergency temperature relief; if the temperature is normal, proceed to S7. S7: If the pressure is abnormal, open the high-pressure shut-off valve to release the pressure in an emergency; if the pressure is normal, return to S3.

[0014] Furthermore, the hydrogen filling control method includes the following steps: S1: Hydrogen gas flows sequentially through the high-pressure charging port, the redundant one-way valve of the charging channel, and the first filter of the main gas channel; at the same time, the cooling device is turned on and controlled synchronously, and the state equation and state transition matrix of the charging channel are constructed respectively. ; ; S2: Optimized control of the bidirectional flow regulating valve based on state equations and state transition matrices; ; wherein, K v , K q are proportional coefficients, respectively, cooling gain and flow gain, P set is a target set pressure, is a pressure loss generated by the hydrogen gas passing through the cooling device, is a controllable pressure drop of the hydrogen gas passing through the bidirectional flow regulating valve; S3: the hydrogen gas is finally filled into the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage cylinder.

[0015] Preferably, the first temperature rise rate threshold is 0.3℃ / s, the first pressure threshold range is 40-60Mpa, and the first flow rate is 60g / s.

[0016] Preferably, in step S5 of the hydrogen supply control method, the single-way valve is subjected to closed-loop flow rate regulation based on pressure feedback, so that the system dynamic temperature rise rate is ≤0.3℃ / s; at the same time, the bidirectional flow regulating valve and the pilot-operated pressure reducing valve cooperatively constitute a two-stage pressure gradient control system, so as to adjust the hydrogen pressure from 20MPa to 35MPa to the range of 0.5MPa to 1.5MPa.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects: 1. Two-stage gradient pressure reduction and cooperative control: through the bidirectional flow regulating valve to constrain the high-pressure outlet (20-35MPa, flow rate ≤60g / s, temperature rise ≤0.3℃ / s), the pilot-operated pressure reducing valve two-stage control (0.5-1.5MPa, flow rate ≤5g / s) and the single-way valve output, combined with multi-parameter cooperative control, and integrated with the millisecond-level linkage relief of the high-pressure stop valve and the TPRD and the dynamic regulation and control of the redundancy valve in the filling condition, the problems of throttle temperature rise out of control, pressure oscillation and multi-condition cooperative failure of the traditional single-stage pressure reduction are completely solved; 2. Dynamic regulation and active safety architecture: through the central control valve to implement pressure-flow-temperature rise closed-loop regulation and control on the filling condition, and to build an active prevention architecture of the linkage of the high-pressure stop valve and the TPRD, the double-track integration solves the cooperative failure of the gas supply / filling dual-condition parameters and the defects of the passive response of the traditional TPRD; 3. Double-channel monitoring and linkage relief: the double-channel synchronous monitoring and double-actuator linkage relief mechanism is innovatively built, the pressure / temperature signals are synchronously triggered through parallel acquisition, and the gas path is cut off and directionally relieved in a short time, so that the relief explosion risk caused by time-sharing detection lag is completely eliminated; 4. Flow channel efficiency and space integration breakthrough: the streamline topology architecture based on three-dimensional fluid dynamics optimization integrates the gas supply, inflation and relief channels into a common rail valve body, and embeds the high-pressure stop valve, bidirectional flow regulating valve, cooling module and first filter, and the highly modular design significantly compresses the space, reduces the flow resistance, improves the inflation efficiency and power density; 5. Intrinsic safety and reliability leap: Through multiple redundancy mechanisms, the gas supply passage pilot pressure reducing valve + check valve prevent overpressure and reverse flow; the gas filling passage redundant check valve group prevents misoperation leakage; TPRD over-temperature protection, embedded sealing structure, streamlined channel and multi-source state monitoring sensor array significantly improve the intrinsic safety of the system, and realize full life cycle state perception and reliability guarantee; 6. Function integration and maintenance optimization: Four-in-one integration of gas supply, gas filling, venting and communication simplifies system structure, reduces components / connection points, extends maintenance cycle and reduces maintenance complexity; embedded functional units (cooling, filtering) combined with common rail flow channel ensure performance while realizing sealing interface convergence and response leap; 7. Module reuse and precise matching: Modular design embeds high-pressure stop valve, bidirectional flow regulating valve, cooling device and first filter as a dual-channel common core unit in the main valve body, gas supply channel is exclusively integrated with pilot pressure reducing valve and check valve, gas filling flow passage is equipped with redundant check valve, and venting flow path is independently configured with TPRD; This architecture improves the reuse rate of the four basic function modules by 100%, and precisely matches special components according to circuit requirements, ensuring independent operation of all functions while significantly reducing sealing interfaces, device size, space utilization and system reliability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 The high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle valve combination designed for the principle diagram of the application; Figure 2 The structure schematic diagram of the high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle valve combination of the application; Figure 3 The A-A sectional view of the high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle valve structure of the application; Figure 4 The local sectional view of the high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle valve structure of the application; Figure 5 The installation structure schematic diagram of the pilot pressure reducing valve of the application; Figure 6 The structure schematic diagram of the filter type redundant check valve of the application; Figure 7 The installation structure schematic diagram of the pressure sensor of the application; Figure 8 The structure schematic diagram of the bidirectional flow regulating valve of the application; Figure 9 The structure schematic diagram of the high-pressure stop valve of the application; Figure 10 The hydrogen supply control method of the high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle valve combination of the application; Figure 11 The hydrogen filling control method of the high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle valve combination of the application; Figure 12 Flow chart of emergency relief mode of the present application.

[0019] Main reference signs: 1 - high pressure cut-off valve; 101 - gas supply passage; 102 - cut-off valve cooling passage; 110 - cut-off valve stem; 120 - cut-off valve cover; 130 - cut-off valve end cover; 140 - guide sleeve; 150 - cut-off valve switch steel ball; 2 - bidirectional flow regulating valve; 21 - bidirectional flow regulating valve body; 22 - first locking bolt; 23 - spring seat adjusting screw rod assembly; 24 - adjusting spring; 25 - gasket; 26 - second locking bolt; 27 - sealing nut; 28 - second adjusting screw rod; 29 - adjusting switch steel ball; 210 - first adjusting screw rod; 3 - central control valve; 301 - central control valve cooling passage; 31 - central control valve body; 32 - fixed pressure disc; 33 - wire harness end cover; 34 - wire harness; 4 - pilot pressure reducing valve; 41 - regulating valve seat; 42 - spring seat; 43 - cone valve; 44 - cone valve seat; 45 - pilot spring; 46 - damping hole; 47 - main valve body; 48 - pressure regulating spring; 5 - filter type redundant one-way valve; 51 - filter valve core; 52 - valve core seat; 53 - redundant one-way valve body; 54 - redundant one-way valve spring; 55 - one-way valve core; 6 - integrated valve body; 601 - gas main flow channel; 602 - gas supply flow channel; 603 - relief flow channel; 604 - inflation flow channel; 605 - first relief branch; 606 - second relief branch; 607 - relief gas outlet; 608 - gas flow channel; 609 - valve body cooling passage; 7 - manual relief device; 71 - manual relief valve body; 72 - connecting sleeve; 73 - manual adjusting sleeve; 74 - steel ball; 75 - spring; 8 - redundant one-way valve; 9 - TPRD thermal trigger relief device; 91 - sealing ring; 92 - guide blocking sleeve; 93 - TPRD valve body; 94 - temperature sensing glass ball; 95 - O-shaped sealing ring; 10 - first filter; 11 - pressure sensor; 111 - pressure probe; 112 - pressure sensor body; 12 - flow sensor; 121 - flow probe; 122 - flow sensor body; 13 - temperature sensor; 131 - temperature probe; 132 - temperature sensor body; 14 - cooling device; 15 - cooling passage; 16 - high pressure inflation device; 17 - hydrogen fuel cell reaction device; 18 - hydrogen fuel cell vehicle hydrogen storage bottle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] Hereinafter, the embodiments of the present application will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0021] The present application provides a high pressure hydrogen storage bottle mouth combination valve with streamlined flow channel, such as Figures 1-3As shown, it includes integrated valve body 6, gas supply passage 101, gas flow channel 608, high-pressure stop valve 1, bidirectional flow regulating valve 2, central control valve 3, first filter 10, pilot pressure reducing valve 4, filter-equipped redundant one-way valve 5, redundant one-way valve 8, pressure sensor 11, flow sensor 12, temperature sensor 13, cooling device 14, cooling channel 15, manual relief device 7, and TPRD thermal trigger relief device 9.

[0022] The gas flow channel 608 inside the integrated valve body 6 is formed based on three-dimensional fluid dynamics optimization with continuous gradual curvature, and includes common rail gas main flow channel 601, gas supply flow channel 602 and inflation flow channel 604, which are respectively arranged on the first side and the second side of the middle part of the gas main flow channel 601, and the common rail gas main flow channel 601 is sequentially integrated with high-pressure stop valve 1, bidirectional flow regulating valve 2, central control valve 3 and first filter 10. The internal channels of the gas flow channel 608 together form the gas passage 101, which is designed as a streamline topology. The pilot pressure reducing valve 4 and the filter-equipped redundant one-way valve 5 are integrated in the gas supply flow channel 602, the redundant one-way valve 8 is integrated in the inflation flow channel 604, and the relief device is integrated in the relief flow channel 603, which includes the automatic / manual relief device 7 and the TPRD thermal trigger relief device 9. The TPRD thermal trigger relief device 9 is connected to the external high-pressure metal hose through the high-temperature and high-pressure relief port, and simultaneously connected in parallel with the high-pressure stop valve 1, so as to discharge excess hydrogen to a safe space. The pressure sensor 11, the flow sensor 12 and the temperature sensor 13 are installed on the central control valve 3, and the cooling channel 15 is arranged around the valve body of the integrated valve body 6, the central control valve 3 and the high-pressure stop valve 1, and the cooling device 14 is installed at the outlet of the cooling channel 15.

[0023] During hydrogen supply, hydrogen flows out of the high-pressure inlet of the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage cylinder, and then passes through the high-pressure stop valve 1, the bidirectional flow regulating valve 2, the central control valve 3, the first filter 10, the pilot pressure reducing valve 4 and the filter-equipped redundant one-way valve 5, and finally enters the hydrogen fuel cell reaction device 17.

[0024] During hydrogen refueling, hydrogen passes through the redundant one-way valve 8, the first filter 10, the central control valve 3, the bidirectional flow regulating valve 2 and the high-pressure stop valve 1 in sequence, and finally enters the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage cylinder through the high-pressure inlet.

[0025] The redundant one-way valve 8 of the inflation flow channel 604 adopts a symmetrical conical valve seat structure, the forward opening pressure is ≤0.1 MPa, the reverse sealing pressure is ≥100 MPa, and the valve core surface is covered with a polytetrafluoroethylene-tungsten carbide composite coating.

[0026] TPRD thermal trigger relief device 9, trigger temperature is 85±5℃, minimum relief diameter is set to 9.5mm, response time is ≤50ms. The cooling device 15 is a micro-channel phase change cooling unit, the cooling medium of the micro-channel phase change cooling unit is perfluoropolyether, the heat exchange efficiency is ≥95%, and the micro-channel phase change cooling unit is embedded in the wall surface of the valve body flow channel. The integrated valve body 6 satisfies the local flow resistance coefficient Cf≤0.15.

[0027] The pressure sensor 11 is selected to have a range of 0~100MPa, and the accuracy is ±0.1%FS. The temperature sensor 13 measures the temperature in the range of -40~150℃, and the resolution is 0.1℃.

[0028] On the other hand, the application provides a control method of a high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle valve with a streamlined flow channel. When hydrogen is supplied, as shown in the figure, the method comprises the following steps: Figure 10 S1: Real-time monitoring of hydrogen pressure and temperature in the hydrogen storage bottle.

[0029] S2: Monitoring the system state, if the pressure and temperature are within the preset safety threshold, then opening and synchronously controlling the bidirectional flow regulating valve, so as to meet the main gas supply mode condition, then executing step S3 to enter the main gas supply mode, if the pressure or temperature is outside the preset safety threshold, then executing step S6 to enter the emergency relief mode. The emergency relief mode flow is shown in the figure. Figure 12

[0030] ; Wherein, P is the pressure in the bottle, T is the temperature in the bottle, Pmin and Pmax are the minimum and maximum values of the first pressure threshold, Tmin and Tmax are the minimum and maximum values of the temperature threshold, AND represents AND, and OR represents OR.

[0031] S3: Opening and synchronously controlling the cooling device, so as to meet the dynamic temperature rise rate less than or equal to the first temperature rise rate threshold, if the dynamic temperature rise rate is not met, then immediately starting the cooling program and executing step S3, if the dynamic temperature rise rate is met, then the hydrogen passes through the first filter and executes step S4; the cooling power of the cooling program is shown as follows: ; Wherein, dT / dt is the temperature rise rate.

[0032] S4: The hydrogen passes through the pilot-operated pressure reducing valve for secondary pressure reduction, and judges whether the outlet pressure range is within the second pressure threshold range and the flow rate is within the second flow range, and judges whether the pressure reduction is qualified, if yes, then executing step S5, if no, then executing step S4 again. The judgment formula of the qualified pressure reduction is as follows: ​​​​​​; where P out is the outlet pressure of the pressure reducing valve, Q out is the outlet flow rate; .

[0033] S5: The hydrogen gas passes through the filter-equipped redundant one-way valve and is delivered to the hydrogen fuel cell reaction device.

[0034] S6: The temperature is detected to determine whether it is normal. If it is abnormal, the TPRD thermal power trigger relief device is opened to perform temperature emergency relief. If it is normal, step S7 is performed.

[0035] S7: The pressure is detected to determine whether it is normal. If it is abnormal, the high-pressure stop valve is opened to perform pressure emergency relief. If it is normal, the process returns to step S3.

[0036] The relevant parameter constraints during gas supply are as follows: The safety envelope is constructed by strengthening the safety mechanism during control : .

[0037] The boundary trigger mechanism is emergency pressure relief: .

[0038] The system satisfies the global stability condition of verified by Lyapunov function , which is applicable to the vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen supply scenario, and P0 and T0 are the initial pressure and temperature, respectively.

[0039] Further, in specific embodiments, the filter-equipped redundant one-way valve 5 adjusts the flow rate through pressure feedback closed-loop regulation, so that the dynamic temperature rise rate is ≤0.25℃ / s.

[0040] The two-way flow regulating valve 2 and the pilot-operated pressure reducing valve 4 constitute a two-stage pressure gradient control system, which realizes gradient pressure regulation in the range of 20-35 MPa to 0.5-1.5 MPa, and finally realizes the safe conversion of the fuel cell inlet pressure.

[0041] During hydrogen charging, as shown in Figure 11 , the following steps are included: S1: The hydrogen gas passes through the high-pressure charging device 16, the redundant one-way valve, and the first filter in sequence; the cooling device is opened and controlled synchronously, and the charging flow passage state equation and the state transition matrix are constructed, respectively: ; ; wherein, ; Q cool is the flow rate when cooling, .

[0042] S2, the flow regulating valve is optimized control: .

[0043] wherein K v , K q are proportional coefficients, respectively, cooling gain and flow gain, P set is the target set pressure; is the control function of the flow regulating valve, is the pressure loss generated by the hydrogen through the cooling device, is the controllable pressure drop of the hydrogen through the bidirectional flow regulating valve.

[0044] S3: hydrogen enters the high-pressure stop valve and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle hydrogen storage bottle 18 in turn.

[0045] The valve control optimization is: Pressure-flow loop: regulation time ≤ 5s verified by Lyapunov function The system meets the global stability condition , which is suitable for high-pressure fast hydrogen filling scenarios.

[0046] The relevant parameter constraints during filling are as follows: Specifically, the high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle port combination valve with a streamlined flow passage of the application is designed as a streamlined topological structure, the integrated valve body 6 forms a continuous gradually changing curvature gas flow passage 608 based on three-dimensional fluid dynamics optimization, the high-pressure stop valve 1, the bidirectional flow regulating valve 2 and the first filter 10 are cooperatively integrated and installed on the gas main flow passage 601, the gas flow passage 608 includes the gas main flow passage 601, the gas supply flow passage 602, the discharge flow passage 603 and the filling flow passage 604, the gas flow passage 608 realizes flow passage topological integration through the common rail type integrated valve body 6, significantly suppressing local flow resistance and turbulent dissipation. The gas supply flow passage 602 and the filling flow passage 604 share a section of the channel in the integrated valve body 6, thereby saving internal space and reducing volume.

[0047] The high-pressure stop valve 1, the bidirectional flow regulating valve 2 and the first filter 10 are integrated in the gas supply passage 101, which is a module that must be passed through during the hydrogen filling process or the hydrogen supply process of the port combination valve, and the hydrogen filling process and the hydrogen supply process are mutually inverse processes in the gas supply passage 101. The pilot operated pressure reducing valve 4 and the filter type redundant check valve 5 are additionally added in the hydrogen supply passage, and the redundant check valve 8 is additionally added in the hydrogen filling passage.

[0048] In the present application, the device structure used is as follows, as shown in the figure Figures 2-4 The integrated valve body 6 includes a gas main flow channel 601, a gas supply flow channel 602, a discharge flow channel 603, a charging flow channel 604, a first discharge branch 605, a second discharge branch 606, a discharge gas outlet 607, and a gas flow channel 608. The manual discharge device 7 includes a manual discharge valve body 71, a connecting sleeve 72, a manual adjusting sleeve 73, a steel ball 74, and a spring 75. The TPRD thermal trigger discharge device 9 includes a sealing ring 91, a guide blocking sleeve 92, a TPRD valve body 93, a temperature sensing glass ball 94, and an O-shaped sealing ring 95. The internal part of the integrated valve body 6 is based on three-dimensional fluid dynamics optimization to form a continuously gradually changing curvature gas flow channel 608. The gas main flow channel 601 is arranged at the middle position of the integrated valve body 6. The gas supply flow channel 602 and the discharge flow channel 603 are arranged at the first side and the second side of the middle position of the gas main flow channel 601, respectively. The second end of the gas supply flow channel 602 is communicated with the cavity of the pilot pressure reducing valve 4. The second end of the charging flow channel 604 is installed with the redundant one-way valve 8. The first end of the gas main flow channel 601 is installed with the first filter 10. The second end of the gas main flow channel 601 is the discharge flow channel 603. The second end of the discharge flow channel 603 is arranged as the first discharge branch 605. The manual discharge valve body 71 of the manual discharge device 7 is installed at the port of the first discharge branch 605, and the steel ball 74 and the spring 75 are pressed and assembled in the cavity of the manual discharge valve body 71. The second end of the manual discharge valve body 71 is sequentially installed with the manual adjusting sleeve 73 and the connecting sleeve 72. The first end of the first discharge branch 605 is provided with the second discharge branch 606. The TPRD thermal trigger discharge device 9 is installed at the outlet of the second discharge branch 606. The TPRD valve body 93 of the TPRD thermal trigger discharge device 9 is installed in the second discharge branch 606. The guide blocking sleeve 92 is installed in the TPRD valve body 93. The second end of the guide blocking sleeve 92 is installed with the sealing ring 91 and is sleeved with the O-shaped sealing ring 95. The first end of the TPRD valve body 93 is installed with the temperature sensing glass ball 94. The discharge gas outlet 607 is arranged on the side wall of the second discharge branch 606. In addition, the present application is provided with a cooling channel 15, which includes a stop valve cooling channel 102, a central control valve cooling channel 301, and a valve body cooling channel 6-9. The stop valve cooling channel 102 is arranged on the valve body of the high-pressure stop valve 1. The central control valve cooling channel 301 is arranged on the valve body part of the central control valve 3. The valve body cooling channel 609 is designed on the entity part of the integrated valve body 6. The stop valve cooling channel 102, the central control valve cooling channel 301, and the valve body cooling channel 609 are connected with each other. The cooling device 14 is installed at the outlet of the cooling channel 15. The refrigerant flows through all the hydraulic devices through the cooling channel 15 to dissipate heat.

[0049] As shown in the figure Figure 3 and Figure 5As shown in the drawings, the pilot pressure reducing valve 4 includes a regulating valve seat 41, a spring seat 42, a cone valve 43, a cone valve seat 44, a pilot spring 45, a damping hole 46, a main valve body 47 and a pressure regulating spring 48. The second end of the first cavity of the pilot pressure reducing valve 4 is provided with the cone valve seat 44, the cone valve seat 44 is installed with the cone valve 43, the cone valve 43 is sleeved with the pressure regulating spring 48, the pressure regulating spring 48 is top-mounted on the spring seat 42, the first end of the spring seat 42 is installed with the regulating valve seat 41, the pilot spring 45 is installed in the second cavity of the pilot pressure reducing valve 4, the main valve body 47 is installed in the second cavity of the pilot pressure reducing valve 4, and the main valve body 47 is provided with the damping hole 46.

[0050] As shown in the drawings, Figure 3 and Figure 6 The filter type redundant check valve 5 includes a filter valve core 51, a valve core seat 52, a redundant check valve body 53, a redundant check valve spring 54 and a check valve core 55. The first end of the redundant check valve body 53 is installed with the valve core seat 52, the first end of the valve core seat 52 is provided with the filter valve core 51, the middle position of the inside of the redundant check valve body 53 is provided with the check valve core 55, and the check valve core 55 is top-mounted on the second end of the valve core seat 52. The check valve core 55 is sleeved with the redundant check valve spring 54.

[0051] As shown in the drawings, Figure 3 and Figure 7 The central control valve 31 includes a central control valve body 31, a fixed pressure disc 32, a wire passing end cover 33 and a wire harness 34. The pressure sensor 11 includes a pressure probe 111 and a pressure sensor body 112. The flow sensor 12 includes a flow probe 121 and a flow sensor body 122. The temperature sensor 13 includes a temperature probe 131 and a temperature sensor body 132. The first side of the first end of the central control valve body 31 is fixed with the pressure sensor body 112, the flow sensor body 122 and the temperature sensor body 132 through the fixed pressure disc 32. The central control valve body 31 is provided with a plurality of openings. The pressure probe 111, the flow probe 121 and the temperature probe 131 respectively pass through the openings on the central control valve body 31 and contact the fluid in the central control valve 31. The wire passing end cover 33 is installed on the central control valve body 31 and is provided with an opening. The wire harness 34 on the pressure sensor 11, the flow sensor 12 and the temperature sensor 13 communicates with the control system through the opening on the wire passing end cover 33. In addition, a hydrogen concentration laser detector can also be installed on the central control valve 31 for monitoring the hydrogen concentration in the gas supply passage 101.

[0052] As shown in the drawings, Figure 3 and Figure 8As shown, the bidirectional flow regulating valve 2 includes a bidirectional flow regulating valve body 21, a first locking bolt 22, a spring seat adjusting screw combination 23, an adjusting spring 24, a gasket 25, a second locking bolt 26, a sealing nut 27, a second adjusting screw 28, an adjusting switch steel ball 29 and a first adjusting screw 210. The inside of the bidirectional flow regulating valve body 21 is designed with longitudinal and transverse channels. The bidirectional flow regulating valve body 21 has three interfaces. The first interface of the bidirectional flow regulating valve body 21 is connected with the high-pressure stop valve 1. The second interface of the bidirectional flow regulating valve body 21 is provided with the sealing nut 27. The third longitudinal channel of the bidirectional flow regulating valve body 21 is provided with the second adjusting screw 28. The first end of the bidirectional flow regulating valve body 21 is provided with the second locking bolt 26. The second end of the second longitudinal channel of the bidirectional flow regulating valve body 21 is provided with the adjusting switch steel ball 29. The adjusting switch steel ball 29 is provided with the adjusting spring 24. The spring seat adjusting screw combination 23 is installed at the first end of the second longitudinal channel of the bidirectional flow regulating valve body 21 through the gasket 25. The first adjusting screw 210 is installed in the first longitudinal channel of the bidirectional flow regulating valve body 21. The first locking bolt 22 is fixedly installed in the first end of the first longitudinal channel of the bidirectional flow regulating valve body 21 through the first adjusting screw 210.

[0053] As shown in the figure, Figure 9 The high-pressure stop valve 1 includes a stop valve rod 110, a stop valve cover 120, a stop valve end cover 130, a guide sleeve 140 and a stop valve switch steel ball 150. The first end of the high-pressure stop valve 1 is provided with a gas supply passage 101. The gas supply passage 101 is provided with the stop valve switch steel ball 15. The stop valve rod 11 is installed in the valve body of the high-pressure stop valve 1 through the stop valve end cover 13. The second end of the stop valve rod 11 is sleeved with the guide sleeve 14. The first end of the stop valve rod 11 is provided with the stop valve cover 12.

[0054] In the present application, the passage in the gas supply process is that, in the running process of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, the bottle port combined valve needs to pass the 70MPa high-pressure hydrogen gas in the vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle through the high-pressure stop valve 1, the bidirectional flow regulating valve 2, the cooling device 15, the first filter 10, the pilot type pressure reducing valve 4 and the filter type redundant one-way valve 5, safely reduce the hydrogen pressure to 0.5~1.5MPa low pressure, and then supply the hydrogen fuel cell reaction device 17.

[0055] The passage in the gas charging process is that, in the case that the hydrogen pressure of the hydrogen storage tank of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is low or the storage amount is small, the hydrogen storage tank of the hydrogen fuel cell needs to be charged with hydrogen through the gas charging passage. Specifically, the hydrogen is passed through the redundant one-way valve 8, the first filter 10, the cooling device 15, the bidirectional flow regulating valve 2 and the high-pressure stop valve 1, is boosted in pressure, is then safely delivered to the hydrogen storage tank of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, and the charging of the high-pressure hydrogen is completed.

[0056] The venting passage is when the bottle port combination valve ambient environment is in high pressure or high temperature emergency situation, or the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle hydrogen storage tank is in danger, the bottle port combination valve opens the high pressure stop valve 1 or the TPRD thermal trigger venting device 9, and the high pressure hydrogen gas of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle hydrogen storage tank is fully vented to the high altitude dilution area safe environment through the high temperature and high pressure venting port.

[0057] The communication passage is embedded with a communication cable of a pressure sensor 11, a temperature sensor 13 and a flow sensor 12 for maintenance and repair.

[0058] In the gas supply passage, the outlet pressure of the pilot operated pressure reducing valve 4 is set to 0.5-1.5 MPa, and the filter type redundant check valve 5 includes two-stage titanium alloy filter screen and double spring loaded valve core in series.

[0059] The redundant check valve 8 of the gas charging passage adopts a symmetrical conical seat structure, the forward opening pressure is ≤0.1 MPa, the reverse sealing pressure is ≥100 MPa, and the valve core surface is covered with polytetrafluoroethylene-tungsten carbide composite coating.

[0060] The TPRD thermal trigger venting device 9 of the venting passage has a trigger temperature of 85±5℃, the minimum venting diameter is specified as 9.5 mm, and the response time is ≤50 ms.

[0061] The communication passage is provided with a multi-source state monitoring sensor array, including a pressure sensor 11 with a range of 0-100 MPa and an accuracy of ±0.1% FS, and a temperature sensor 13 with a temperature measurement range of -40-150℃ and a resolution of 0.1℃. In addition, a hydrogen concentration laser detector is added, and the lower limit of the hydrogen concentration laser detector is ≤10 ppm.

[0062] The cooling device 15 is a micro-channel phase change cooling unit embedded in the valve body flow channel wall, and the cooling working medium is perfluoropolyether, and the heat exchange efficiency is ≥95%.

[0063] The streamline topology integrated valve body 6 satisfies that the local flow resistance coefficient Cf is ≤0.15; compared with the traditional right-angle flow channel, the turbulent dissipation energy is reduced by ≥40%.

[0064] Each device interface adopts an embedded sealing structure, the embedded sealing structure adopts a metal-ceramic composite sealing ring with a linear expansion coefficient matching error of ≤5%, and a self-tightening wedge-shaped sealing interface, and the leakage rate is ≤1×10-6 MPa·L / s under a pressure of 70 MPa.

[0065] In actual operation, the following hierarchical structure and steps are realized: The gas supply path is integrated by the high-pressure stop valve 1, the bidirectional flow regulating valve 2, the first filter 10, the pilot-operated pressure reducing valve 4 and the filter-equipped redundant check valve 5, the first port of the high-pressure stop valve 1 is sealed to connect the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder, the second port of the high-pressure stop valve 1 is sealed to connect the first port of the bidirectional flow regulating valve 2, the second port of the bidirectional flow regulating valve 2 is sealed to connect the first port of the first filter 10, the second port of the first filter 10 is sealed to connect the first port of the pilot-operated pressure reducing valve 4, the second port of the pilot-operated pressure reducing valve 4 is sealed to connect the first port of the filter-equipped redundant check valve 5, and the second port of the filter-equipped redundant check valve 5 is sealed to connect the low-pressure gas supply port of the hydrogen fuel cell. The high-pressure hydrogen in the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage cylinder is safely reduced to the required pressure of the hydrogen fuel cell reaction device 17 after passing through the high-pressure stop valve 1, the bidirectional flow regulating valve 2, the first filter 10, the pilot-operated pressure reducing valve 4 and the filter-equipped redundant check valve 5.

[0066] The gas charging path is integrated by the redundant check valve 8, the first filter 10, the bidirectional flow regulating valve 2 and the high-pressure stop valve 1, the first port of the redundant check valve 8 is sealed to connect the hydrogen refueling gun of the hydrogen refueling station, the second port of the redundant check valve 8 is sealed to connect the first port of the first filter 10, the second port of the first filter 10 is sealed to connect the first port of the bidirectional flow regulating valve 2, the second port of the bidirectional flow regulating valve 2 is sealed to connect the first port of the high-pressure stop valve 1, and the second port of the high-pressure stop valve 1 is sealed to connect the vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder. The high-pressure hydrogen of the hydrogen refueling station hydrogen refueling machine is safely delivered into the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder after passing through the redundant check valve 8, the first filter 10, the bidirectional flow regulating valve 2 and the high-pressure stop valve 1.

[0067] The relief path has two independent routes of the high-pressure stop valve 1 and the TPRD thermal trigger relief device 9, and the high-pressure stop valve 1 or the TPRD thermal trigger relief device 9 is automatically opened when the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder is in an extreme case of high pressure or high temperature, or an emergency pressure relief is required due to internal failure of the combined valve body, the high-pressure hydrogen is safely released through the high-temperature and high-pressure emergency relief port, and the finally released high-pressure hydrogen is safely released into the high-altitude dilution area after passing through the high-pressure metal hose and the flame arrester.

[0068] The above-described embodiments are only used to describe the preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not used to limit the scope of the present application, and various modifications and improvements to the technical solutions of the present application made by those skilled in the art without departing from the design spirit of the present application shall fall within the protection scope of the present application defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A combination valve for the neck of a high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder with a streamlined flow channel, characterized in that: It includes an integrated valve body, which contains a common rail gas main channel, a supply gas channel, a charging gas channel, a venting channel, a cooling channel, a pressure sensor, a flow sensor, and a temperature sensor. The integrated valve body features a continuously varying curvature gas flow channel optimized based on three-dimensional fluid dynamics. This gas flow channel includes a common rail gas main channel, a supply gas channel, and a charging gas channel. The common rail gas main channel sequentially integrates a high-pressure shut-off valve, a bidirectional flow regulating valve, a central control integrated valve, and a first filter. The central control integrated valve is equipped with a pressure sensor, a flow sensor, and a temperature sensor. The gas flow channel and its internal components all feature a streamlined topology. The supply gas channel and charging gas channel are respectively located on both sides of the middle of the common rail gas main channel. The supply gas channel integrates a pilot-operated pressure reducing valve and a check valve. The charging gas channel integrates a redundant check valve. The venting channel is equipped with a venting device. A cooling channel surrounds the exterior of the integrated valve body, the central control integrated valve, and the high-pressure shut-off valve. During the hydrogen supply process, hydrogen flows out from the high-pressure port of the on-board hydrogen storage cylinder, and flows sequentially through the high-pressure shut-off valve, bidirectional flow regulating valve, central control integrated valve and first filter of the common rail gas main channel, the pilot pressure reducing valve and one-way valve of the gas supply channel, and finally enters the hydrogen fuel cell reactor. During the hydrogen refueling process, the hydrogen flows sequentially through the redundant one-way valves of the filling channel, the first filter of the common rail gas main channel, the central control integrated valve, the bidirectional flow regulating valve, and the high-pressure shut-off valve, and finally enters the on-board hydrogen storage cylinder through the high-pressure cylinder port.

2. The high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder nozzle combination valve with streamlined flow channel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The discharge device includes an automatic / manual discharge device and a TPRD thermally triggered discharge device, both of which are connected to the discharge channel.

3. The high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder neck combination valve with streamlined flow channel according to claim 2, characterized in that: The TPRD thermally triggered venting device is connected in parallel to the high-pressure shut-off valve and is connected to an external high-pressure metal hose through a high-temperature and high-pressure venting interface to vent hydrogen to an external safe area.

4. The high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder neck combination valve with streamlined flow channel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The redundant one-way valve in the charging channel includes a symmetrical conical valve seat structure and a valve core, the surface of which is covered with a polytetrafluoroethylene-tungsten carbide composite coating.

5. The high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder nozzle combination valve with streamlined flow channel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooling device is a microchannel phase change cooling unit embedded in the wall of the cooling channel.

6. The high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder neck combination valve with streamlined flow channel according to claim 5, characterized in that: The cooling medium of the microchannel phase change cooling unit is perfluoropolyether.

7. A control method for a high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder neck combination valve with a streamlined flow channel as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The hydrogen supply control method includes the following steps: S1: Real-time monitoring of hydrogen pressure and temperature inside the hydrogen storage cylinder; S2: System status determination: If both pressure and temperature are within the preset safety threshold, the bidirectional flow regulating valve will be opened and controlled synchronously. If the main gas supply mode conditions are met, the system will switch to S3 to enter the main gas supply mode; otherwise, the system will switch to S6 to enter the emergency relief mode. ； Where P is the pressure inside the bottle, and T is the temperature inside the bottle. These are the minimum and maximum values ​​of the first pressure threshold. These are the minimum and maximum values ​​of the temperature threshold. Represents AND. Represents OR; S3: Start and synchronously control the cooling device. If the dynamic temperature rise rate is less than or equal to the first temperature rise rate threshold, the hydrogen passes through the first filter and is transferred to S4; otherwise, immediately start the cooling program and continue S3 until the dynamic temperature rise rate is less than or equal to the first temperature rise rate threshold. ； Where dT / dt is the rate of temperature rise; S4: Hydrogen gas undergoes secondary pressure reduction via a two-way flow regulating valve and a pilot-operated pressure reducing valve. The outlet pressure is determined to be within the second pressure threshold range and the flow rate is within the second flow rate range to determine whether the pressure reduction is qualified. If yes, proceed to S5; otherwise, continue with S4 until the pressure reduction is qualified. ； Among them, P out Q is the outlet pressure of the pressure reducing valve. out For export flow; ； S5: Hydrogen gas is delivered to the hydrogen fuel cell reactor through a one-way valve; S6: Activate emergency relief mode: If the temperature is abnormal, activate the TPRD thermal trigger relief device for emergency temperature relief; if the temperature is normal, proceed to S7. S7: If the pressure is abnormal, open the high-pressure shut-off valve to release the pressure in an emergency; if the pressure is normal, return to S3.

8. A control method for a high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder nozzle combination valve with a streamlined flow channel as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The hydrogen filling control method includes the following steps: S1: Hydrogen gas flows sequentially through the high-pressure charging port, the redundant one-way valve of the charging channel, and the first filter of the main gas channel; at the same time, the cooling device is turned on and controlled synchronously, and the state equation and state transition matrix of the charging channel are constructed respectively. ； ； S2: Optimized control of the bidirectional flow regulating valve based on state equations and state transition matrices; ； Among them, K v K q Both are proportional coefficients, representing cooling gain and flow rate gain, respectively, P set Set pressure on the goal. This refers to the pressure loss caused by hydrogen passing through the cooling device. The controllable pressure drop of hydrogen gas passing through the bidirectional flow regulating valve; S3: Hydrogen is finally filled into the onboard hydrogen storage cylinder.

9. The control method for the combined valve at the mouth of a high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder with a streamlined flow channel according to claim 8, characterized in that: The first temperature rise rate threshold is 0.3℃ / s, the first pressure threshold range is 40~60Mpa, and the first flow rate is 60g / s.

10. The control method for the combined valve at the mouth of a high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S5 of the hydrogen supply control method, the one-way valve is closed-loop flow regulation based on pressure feedback to make the dynamic temperature rise rate of the system ≤0.3℃ / s; at the same time, the two-way flow regulating valve and the pilot-operated pressure reducing valve work together to form a two-stage pressure gradient control system to adjust the hydrogen pressure from 20MPa to 35MPa to the range of 0.5MPa to 1.5MPa.

Images