Treatment device for treating medulloblastoma based on radiation method

Abstract

The invention provides a treatment device for treating medullary blastoma based on a radiation method, which comprises a supporting plate, an arc-shaped shell is arranged on the supporting plate, an arc-shaped track is arranged on the inner side of the shell, two groups of fixing plates capable of relatively sliding are further arranged on one side of the shell, arc-shaped blocks are slidably clamped in the arc-shaped track, and the two groups of arc-shaped blocks are connected through a fixing band. The arc-shaped block drives the fixing plate to slide through the transmission mechanism when sliding, a driving mechanism connected with the shell is arranged on the arc-shaped block, the arc-shaped block is driven to slide through the driving mechanism, power of the arc-shaped block is switched to winding of the end of the fixing belt when movement of the fixing plate is blocked, and a locking mechanism is further arranged on the arc-shaped block. And when the fixing belt is tensioned, the positions of the wound fixing belt and the arc-shaped block are fixed. The device can rapidly complete automatic fixation of different head types, the whole process does not need any adjustment, the forehead and cheeks of a patient can be fixed at the same time, operation is convenient and rapid, the structure is ingenious, and the treatment efficiency is effectively improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a treatment device for treating medulloblastoma based on radiotherapy. BACKGROUND

[0002] Medulloblastoma is a common malignant brain tumor in children, which seriously threatens the life and health of patients. Radiotherapy is a key part of the comprehensive treatment plan for medulloblastoma. Precise radiotherapy can effectively kill tumor cells and control disease progression. During radiotherapy, accurate fixation of the head is crucial. Stable and accurate head fixation is the basis for ensuring the accuracy of radiotherapy, which can ensure that the rays accurately irradiate the tumor site and avoid damage to normal brain tissue or insufficient tumor irradiation dose due to head movement. Therefore, a more reliable device is needed to fix the patient's head during radiotherapy.

[0003] For example, Chinese patent CN111821586A provides a head tumor radiotherapy fixing device, which can realize all-round fixation of the patient's head, support the rotation of the patient's head during use, and thus adjust the patient's head posture, adapt to precise radiotherapy of tumors at different positions of the head, and reduce the pain of patients and the labor intensity of medical workers.

[0004] However, in clinical practice, it is found that the existing treatment device is not convenient for quick self-adaptive adjustment of the fixing range according to the head shape of the patient, and a tedious adjustment process is required during the fixation of the patient's head, which leads to a decrease in treatment efficiency. Therefore, a treatment device for treating medulloblastoma based on radiotherapy is proposed to solve the above technical problems. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present application provides a treatment device for treating medulloblastoma based on radiotherapy to solve the technical problem that the existing treatment device is not convenient for quick self-adaptive adjustment of the fixing range according to the head shape of the patient, and a tedious adjustment process is required during the fixation of the patient's head, which leads to a decrease in treatment efficiency.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following technical scheme, a treatment device for treating medulloblastoma based on radiotherapy, comprising: A support plate is provided with an arc-shaped shell, an arc-shaped track is formed in the inner side of the shell, and two groups of fixed plates are arranged on one side of the shell and can slide relative to each other; An arc-shaped block is slidably clamped in the arc-shaped track, and the two groups of arc-shaped blocks are connected by a fixed belt, and the fixed plates are driven to slide by a transmission mechanism when the arc-shaped blocks slide; A driving mechanism is arranged on the arc-shaped block and connected with the shell to drive the arc-shaped block to slide and switch the power to the fixed band end when the fixed plate is blocked. A locking mechanism is arranged on the arc-shaped block to fix the position of the fixed band and the arc-shaped block after winding when the fixed band is tensioned.

[0007] Preferably, a mounting plate is fixedly arranged on the arc-shaped block, a mounting frame is slidably arranged on the mounting plate, and the driving mechanism is arranged on the mounting frame.

[0008] Preferably, the driving mechanism comprises: A driving motor is arranged on the mounting frame, a winding drum is arranged on the output shaft of the driving motor, and a connecting sleeve is arranged on the fixed band end and sleeved on the winding drum. An arc-shaped rack is arranged in the shell. A driving gear is rotatably arranged on the mounting frame along the axis and can be engaged with the arc-shaped rack. A clutch assembly is arranged on the winding drum and connected with the driving gear to drive the driving gear to rotate and drive the winding drum to rotate when the driving gear is blocked.

[0009] Preferably, a first elastic member is arranged between the mounting frame and the mounting plate, a stop switch is arranged at the bottom of the mounting plate, the stop switch is electrically connected with the driving motor, and the mounting frame can trigger the stop switch after sliding.

[0010] Preferably, the clutch assembly comprises: A movable rod is slidably arranged in the winding drum along the axis. A first clutch part is arranged at the end of the movable rod and connected with the driving gear to convert the rotation of the movable rod into the rotation of the driving gear. A second clutch part is arranged on the movable rod to be connected with the connecting sleeve after the first clutch part is disconnected from the driving gear.

[0011] Preferably, the first clutch part comprises: A baffle is arranged at the end of the winding drum. A first locking plate is arranged at the end of the movable rod and connected with the baffle through a second elastic member, a plurality of groups of protrusions are arranged on one side of the first locking plate in a ring shape, and the cross section of the protrusions is trapezoidal. A second locking plate is arranged on one side of the driving gear, and a plurality of groups of grooves are arranged on one side of the second locking plate to cooperate with the protrusions.

[0012] Preferably, the second clutching part comprises: An engaging block is arranged on the movable rod, a sliding groove is arranged on the winding drum, the engaging block is slidingly arranged in the sliding groove and extends outward; and An annular track is arranged on the inner side of the connecting sleeve, the end of the engaging block is slidingly arranged in the annular track, and a plurality of groups of driving grooves are arranged on the annular track away from the side of the driving gear.

[0013] Preferably, the locking mechanism comprises: A ratchet wheel is arranged on the end of the connecting sleeve; A driving rod is rotatably arranged on the mounting plate along the axis thereof and is connected to the mounting plate through a torsional spring, the end of the driving rod is provided with two groups of pawls connected at the ends, and the two groups of pawls are slidingly arranged on the mounting frame and are respectively engaged with the ratchet wheel; A clamping block is arranged on the mounting frame, a plurality of groups of clamping grooves are arranged on the arc-shaped track in the housing, and the clamping block is clamped in the clamping groove after the mounting frame slides.

[0014] Preferably, the transmission mechanism comprises: A mounting seat is arranged on the fixed plate, a cross rod is arranged on one side of the mounting seat, and the cross rod is slidingly arranged on the housing along the axis thereof; and A sliding frame is arranged on the mounting seat, and the driving rod is slidingly arranged in the sliding frame.

[0015] Preferably, the mounting seat is hingedly connected to the fixed plate, and a plurality of groups of third elastic members are arranged between the mounting seat and the fixed plate.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects: When the device is used, the patient places the head inside the arc-shaped housing and places the fixing belt on the forehead, and then the arc-shaped block is slidingly controlled through the driving mechanism, the arc-shaped block drives the two groups of fixed plates to slide relative to each other through the transmission mechanism during the sliding process, so that the fixed plates are folded to clamp and fix the head of the patient, the ends of the fixing belt are slidingly driven by the arc-shaped block during the sliding process, so that the fixing belt is as close to the head of the patient as possible, and when the movement of the fixed plate is blocked, the power generated by the driving mechanism is switched to control the ends of the fixing belt to be wound, the head of the patient is bound, and when the fixing belt completely fixes the head, the fixing belt is tensioned, and the position of the wound fixing belt and the arc-shaped block is fixed under the action of the locking mechanism, so that the automatic fixing of different head shapes is quickly completed, the whole process does not need any adjustment, and the forehead and the cheek of the patient can be fixed at the same time, the operation is convenient and fast, the structure is ingenious, and the treatment efficiency is effectively improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present application, the drawings required to be used in the specific embodiments will be briefly introduced below. In all the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn according to the actual proportion.

[0018] Figure 1 A perspective view of a treatment device for treating medulloblastoma based on a radiation method according to the present application is provided. Figure 2 A front view of a treatment device for treating medulloblastoma based on a radiation method according to the present application is provided. Figure 3 A structure diagram of a shell and internal parts of a treatment device for treating medulloblastoma based on a radiation method according to the present application is provided. Figure 4 A structure diagram of a shell of a treatment device for treating medulloblastoma based on a radiation method according to the present application is provided. Figure 5 A structure diagram of a fixing plate of a treatment device for treating medulloblastoma based on a radiation method according to the present application is provided. Figure 6 A structure diagram of a fixing belt of a treatment device for treating medulloblastoma based on a radiation method according to the present application is provided. Figure 7 A structure diagram of a walking mechanism and a driving mechanism of a treatment device for treating medulloblastoma based on a radiation method according to the present application is provided. Figure 8 An end structure diagram of a fixing belt of a treatment device for treating medulloblastoma based on a radiation method according to the present application is provided. Figure 9 A split structure diagram of internal parts of a winding drum of a treatment device for treating medulloblastoma based on a radiation method according to the present application is provided.

[0019] Reference signs: 1, support plate; 2, shell; 3, arc-shaped track; 4, arc-shaped rack; 5, clamping groove; 6, cross rod; 7, mounting seat; 8, fixing plate; 9, third elastic member; 10, sliding frame; 11, fixing belt; 12, connecting sleeve; 13, ratchet wheel; 14, annular track; 15, driving groove; 16, arc-shaped block; 17, mounting plate; 18, mounting frame; 19, clamping block; 20, driving motor; 21, stop switch; 22, first elastic member; 23, driving rod; 24, pawl; 25, winding drum; 26, sliding groove; 27, baffle; 28, movable rod; 29, engaging block; 30, first locking plate; 31, second elastic member; 32, driving gear; 33, second locking plate. Specific embodiments

[0020] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the following specific embodiments are only used to further illustrate the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make some non-essential improvements and adjustments to the present invention based on the above application content.

[0021] Example: like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, this invention provides a treatment device for medulloblastoma based on radiotherapy, including a support plate 1 and an arc-shaped shell 2 mounted on the support plate 1. In some embodiments, a power device can be added to the support plate 1, allowing the shell 2 to be rotatably mounted on the support plate 1 along its axis. The power device drives the shell 2 to rotate, thereby tilting the patient's head to accommodate multi-angle radiotherapy. A headrest can also be added inside the shell 2 to improve patient comfort. An arc-shaped track 3 is provided inside the shell 2, and an arc-shaped block 16 is slidably engaged within the arc-shaped track 3. Two sets of arc-shaped blocks 16 are connected by a fixing strap 11. Parts of the structure can be made of carbon fiber to accommodate the penetrability of radiation.

[0022] like Figures 6 to 9 As shown, in this embodiment, a drive mechanism connected to the housing 2 is provided on the arc-shaped block 16. The drive mechanism drives the arc-shaped block 16 to slide, and when the movement of the fixed plate 8 is obstructed, its power is switched to winding the end of the fixed belt 11. A mounting plate 17 is fixedly provided on the arc-shaped block 16, and a mounting bracket 18 is slidably provided on the mounting plate 17. The drive mechanism is provided on the mounting bracket 18. The drive mechanism includes a drive motor 20 provided on the mounting bracket 18, a winding drum 25 provided on the output shaft of the drive motor 20, a connecting sleeve 12 provided at the end of the fixed belt 11, and the connecting sleeve 12 is sleeved on the winding drum 25. An arc-shaped rack 4 is provided inside the housing 2, and a rotatable drive gear 32 is provided on the mounting bracket 18. The drive gear 32 can mesh with the arc-shaped rack 4. A clutch assembly connected to the drive gear 32 is also provided on the winding drum 25. The drive motor 20 drives the drive gear 32 to rotate through the clutch assembly, and drives the winding drum 25 to rotate when the rotation of the drive gear 32 is obstructed.

[0023] The clutch assembly includes a movable rod 28 that slides along its axis through the take-up drum 25. The end of the movable rod 28 is provided with a first clutch part that connects to the drive gear 32. The rotation of the movable rod 28 is converted into the rotation of the drive gear 32 through the first clutch part. The first clutch part includes a baffle 27 provided at the end of the take-up drum 25. The end of the movable rod 28 is provided with a first locking plate 30. A second elastic member 31 is provided between the first locking plate 30 and the baffle 27. A plurality of protrusions are arranged circumferentially on one side of the first locking plate 30. The protrusions have a trapezoidal cross section. A second locking plate 33 is provided on one side of the drive gear 32. A plurality of grooves that can cooperate with the protrusions are provided on one side of the second locking plate 33.

[0024] After the patient moves their head inside the housing 2, the drive motor 20 can be activated. Under the action of the second elastic element 31, the protrusion on one side of the first locking plate 30 is engaged in the groove on one side of the second locking plate 33. The drive motor 20 can then control the rotation of the winding drum 25 to drive the movable rod 28 to rotate, and through the first locking plate 30, drive the second locking plate 33 to rotate. During the rotation of the second locking plate 33, the engagement between the drive gear 32 and the arc-shaped rack 4 causes the arc-shaped block 16 and its upper parts to slide along the arc-shaped track 3. During the sliding process, the arc-shaped block 16 can cause the two ends of the fixing strap 11 to close towards the patient's head to accommodate the width of the patient's head.

[0025] like Figures 7 to 9 As shown, in this embodiment, the clutch assembly further includes a second clutch portion disposed on the movable rod 28. The second clutch portion connects to the connecting sleeve 12 after disengaging from the drive gear 32 via the first clutch portion. The second clutch portion includes an engagement block 29 disposed on the movable rod 28. A groove 26 is provided on the winding drum 25. The engagement block 29 is slidably engaged in the groove 26 and extends outward. An annular track 14 is provided on the inner side of the connecting sleeve 12. The end of the engagement block 29 is slidably engaged in the annular track 14. Multiple sets of drive grooves 15 are circumferentially spaced on the side of the annular track 14 away from the drive gear 32.

[0026] In the initial state, the first locking plate 30 and the second locking plate 33 are engaged, and the engaging block 29 is located within the annular track 14. The winding drum 25 does not drive the connecting sleeve 12 to move during rotation. However, when the arc-shaped block 16 cannot slide, the drive gear 32 cannot rotate. Through the arrangement of the trapezoidal protrusions, the first locking plate 30 and the second locking plate 33 can be separated, causing the movable rod 28 to slide along its axis. This allows the engaging block 29 to be engaged into the drive groove 15, thereby driving the winding drum 25 to rotate and wind up the end of the fixed belt 11.

[0027] like Figure 4 , 7As shown in Figures 8 and 9, in this embodiment, a first elastic element 22 is provided between the mounting frame 18 and the mounting plate 17. A stop switch 21 is provided at the bottom of the mounting plate 17. The stop switch 21 is electrically connected to the drive motor 20. The stop switch 21 can be triggered when the mounting frame 18 slides. A locking mechanism is provided on the mounting plate 17. The locking mechanism fixes the position of the fixed belt 11 and the arc block 16 after winding when the fixed belt 11 is tensioned. The locking mechanism includes a ratchet 13 provided at the end of the connecting sleeve 12. A rotatable drive rod 23 is provided on the mounting plate 17. The drive rod 23 is connected to the mounting plate 17 through a torsion spring. The end of the drive rod 23 is provided with two sets of pawls 24 connected at the ends. The two sets of pawls 24 can engage with the ratchet 13 before and after the mounting frame 18 slides. A locking block 19 is provided on the mounting frame 18. Multiple sets of locking slots 5 are opened at intervals along the arc track 3 inside the housing 2. The locking block 19 can be locked in the locking slot 5 after the mounting frame 18 slides.

[0028] During rotation, the winding drum 25, under the action of the torsion spring, causes one set of pawls 24 to engage with the ratchet 13, thus locking the connecting sleeve 12 in one direction and preventing the connecting sleeve 12 from reversing and causing the fixing strap 11 to loosen. When the connecting sleeve 12 rotates to its limit position, the tension of the fixing strap 11 causes the mounting bracket 18 to slide on the mounting plate 17. At this time, one set of pawls 24 disengages from the ratchet 13, and under the action of the torsion spring, the other set of pawls 24 quickly engages with the ratchet 13 again, locking the position of the ratchet 13. Simultaneously, the locking block 19 engages in the corresponding slot 5 to fix the position of the arc-shaped block 16, thereby completing the end position adjustment and winding of the fixing strap 11 for quick adaptive fixation of the patient's head. At this time, the drive gear 32 disengages from the arc-shaped rack 4.

[0029] like Figures 5 to 9 As shown, in this embodiment, two sets of relatively slidable fixed plates 8 are also provided on one side of the housing 2. When the arc-shaped block 16 slides, it drives the fixed plates 8 to slide through a transmission mechanism. The transmission mechanism includes a mounting seat 7 provided on the fixed plate 8. A crossbar 6 is provided on one side of the mounting seat 7. The crossbar 6 slides along its axis through the housing 2. A sliding frame 10 is provided on the mounting seat 7. The drive rod 23 is slidably locked in the sliding frame 10. The mounting seat 7 is hinged to the fixed plate 8, and multiple sets of third elastic members 9 are provided between the mounting seat 7 and the fixed plate 8.

[0030] During the sliding process, the arc-shaped block 16 can drive the fixing plate 8 to slide through the cooperation of the drive rod 23 and the sliding frame 10. When the two sets of fixing plates 8 are closed, they can clamp the patient's face. Under the action of the third elastic element 9, the position of the fixing plate 8 can be finely adjusted so that it can better fit the head of patients with different head shapes, improve the fixation effect, and increase the comfort during fixation. A knob can be added to the end of the drive rod 23. After radiotherapy, turning the knob will disengage the pawl 24 from the ratchet 13, thereby releasing the one-way locking of the connecting sleeve 12, which will loosen the fixing strap 11. At the same time, the first elastic element 22 will reset and cause the locking block 19 to disengage from the slot 5 for quick release of fixation.

[0031] Specific usage and beneficial effects of the present invention: When using this device, the patient places their head inside the arc-shaped housing 2 and positions the fixing strap 11 on their forehead. The arc-shaped block 16 then slides via a drive mechanism. During this sliding process, the arc-shaped block 16 drives two sets of fixing plates 8 to slide relative to each other via a transmission mechanism, causing the fixing plates 8 to close and clamp the patient's head. The arc-shaped block 16 also drives the two ends of the fixing strap 11 to slide, ensuring the strap fits as closely as possible to the patient's head. When the movement of the fixing plates 8 is obstructed, the power generated by the drive mechanism is switched to control the ends of the fixing strap 11 to retract, binding the patient's head. When the fixing strap 11 completely secures the head, it becomes tense, and the locking mechanism then fixes the position of the retracted fixing strap 11 and the arc-shaped block 16. This allows for quick and automatic fixation of different head shapes without any adjustment. It can simultaneously fix the patient's forehead and cheeks, offering convenient and quick operation, a clever structure, and effectively improved treatment efficiency.

[0032] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above. Modifications or improvements can be made to the present invention, which will be obvious to those skilled in the art. Therefore, all such modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of the present invention fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A treatment device for medulloblastoma based on radiotherapy, characterized in that, Including: The support plate (1) is provided with an arc-shaped shell (2), and an arc-shaped track (3) is provided on the inner side of the shell (2). Two sets of relatively sliding fixed plates (8) are also provided on one side of the shell (2). Arc-shaped blocks (16) are slidably mounted in the arc-shaped track (3). Two sets of arc-shaped blocks (16) are connected by a fixing belt (11). When the arc-shaped blocks (16) slide, the fixing plate (8) is driven to slide by the transmission mechanism. A drive mechanism, mounted on the arc-shaped block (16) and connected to the housing (2), drives the arc-shaped block (16) to slide and, when the movement of the fixing plate (8) is obstructed, switches its power to wind up the end of the fixing belt (11); and A locking mechanism is provided on the arc-shaped block (16) to fix the position of the fixed belt (11) and the arc-shaped block (16) after winding when the fixed belt (11) is tensioned.

2. The treatment device for medulloblastoma based on radiotherapy according to claim 1, characterized in that: An installation plate (17) is fixedly installed on the arc-shaped block (16), and an installation bracket (18) is slidably installed on the installation plate (17). The driving mechanism is installed on the installation bracket (18).

3. The treatment device for medulloblastoma based on radiotherapy according to claim 2, characterized in that, The driving mechanism includes: A drive motor (20) is mounted on the mounting bracket (18). A take-up drum (25) is mounted on the output shaft of the drive motor (20). A connecting sleeve (12) is mounted on the end of the fixing belt (11). The connecting sleeve (12) is mounted on the take-up drum (25). An arc-shaped rack (4) is disposed inside the housing (2); The drive gear (32) is rotatably mounted on the mounting bracket (18) along its axis and can mesh with the arc-shaped rack (4); and A clutch assembly is disposed on the take-up drum (25) and connected to the drive gear (32) to drive the drive gear (32) to rotate, and to drive the take-up drum (25) to rotate when the rotation of the drive gear (32) is obstructed.

4. The therapeutic device for treating medulloblastoma based on radiotherapy according to claim 3, characterized in that: A first elastic element (22) is provided between the mounting bracket (18) and the mounting plate (17). A stop switch (21) is provided at the bottom of the mounting plate (17). The stop switch (21) is electrically connected to the drive motor (20). The stop switch (21) can be triggered when the mounting bracket (18) slides.

5. The treatment device for medulloblastoma based on radiotherapy according to claim 3, characterized in that, The clutch assembly includes: The movable rod (28) is slidably inserted into the winding drum (25) along its axis; The first clutch part is provided at the end of the movable rod (28) and connected to the drive gear (32) to convert the rotation of the movable rod (28) into driving the drive gear (32) to rotate; and The second clutch is provided on the movable rod (28) to connect with the connecting sleeve (12) after the first clutch disengages from the drive gear (32).

6. The therapeutic device for treating medulloblastoma based on radiotherapy according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first clutch part includes: A baffle (27) is provided at the end of the take-up drum (25); A first locking plate (30) is disposed at the end of the movable rod (28), and a second elastic element (31) is disposed between it and the baffle (27). Multiple sets of protrusions are arranged circumferentially on one side of the first locking plate (30), and the cross-section of each protrusion is trapezoidal. The second locking plate (33) is disposed on one side of the drive gear (32), and a plurality of grooves that can cooperate with the protrusion are provided on one side of the second locking plate (33).

7. The therapeutic device for treating medulloblastoma based on radiotherapy according to claim 5, characterized in that, The second clutch part includes: A connecting block (29) is disposed on the movable rod (28), and a groove (26) is provided on the winding drum (25). The connecting block (29) is slidably engaged in the groove (26) and extends outward. An annular track (14) is provided inside the connecting sleeve (12). The end of the engaging block (29) is slidably engaged in the annular track (14). Multiple sets of driving grooves (15) are opened circumferentially on the side of the annular track (14) away from the driving gear (32).

8. A treatment device for medulloblastoma based on radiotherapy according to claim 3, characterized in that, The locking mechanism includes: A ratchet (13) is disposed at the end of the connecting sleeve (12); A drive rod (23) is rotatably mounted on the mounting plate (17) along its axis and connected to it via a torsion spring. The end of the drive rod (23) is provided with two sets of pawls (24) connected at their ends. The two sets of pawls (24) can engage with the ratchet (13) before and after sliding on the mounting frame (18); and The locking block (19) is set on the mounting bracket (18). Multiple sets of locking slots (5) are opened at intervals along the arc track (3) inside the housing (2). After the mounting bracket (18) slides, the locking block (19) can be locked in the locking slot (5).

9. A treatment device for medulloblastoma based on radiotherapy according to claim 8, characterized in that, The transmission mechanism includes: Mounting base (7) is provided on the fixed plate (8), and a crossbar (6) is provided on one side of the mounting base (7). The crossbar (6) slides along its axis through the housing (2); and A sliding frame (10) is provided on the mounting base (7), and the drive rod (23) is slidably engaged in the sliding frame (10).

10. A treatment device for medulloblastoma based on radiotherapy according to claim 9, characterized in that: The mounting base (7) is hinged to the fixing plate (8), and multiple sets of third elastic elements (9) are provided between the mounting base (7) and the fixing plate (8).

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