Vacuum reflective thermal insulation device for reactor and nuclear reaction equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses a reactor vacuum reflective thermal insulation device and nuclear reaction equipment. The reactor vacuum reflection heat insulation device comprises a shell, a reactor core assembly and a heat insulation reflection part, the shell is provided with a containing cavity and a vacuumizing opening, the vacuumizing opening is formed in the side wall of the shell, and the vacuumizing opening is used for vacuumizing the containing cavity; the reactor core assembly is arranged in the accommodating cavity, and a gap is formed between the reactor core assembly and the inner wall of the accommodating cavity; and the heat insulation reflection part is arranged between the reactor core assembly and the inner wall of the accommodating cavity. The low-emissivity and high-reflectivity radiation heat insulation mode of the heat insulation reflection part and the double heat insulation mode of combining the heat insulation reflection part with the vacuum interlayer are utilized, an obvious temperature gradient is formed in a compact space, the temperature of the outer surface of the shell of the pressure-bearing container is effectively reduced, and heat leakage of the reactor core assembly is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of nuclear reaction technology, specifically relating to a reactor vacuum reflection heat insulation device and nuclear reaction equipment. Background Technology

[0002] Nuclear reactor power sources possess inherent advantages such as high energy density, independence from the operating environment, and long service life. Reactor operating temperatures under rated power conditions are generally high. Calculations, analysis, and related experimental tests show that the peak core temperature of a reactor under rated power conditions can reach 920℃ or higher.

[0003] In related technologies, the main method to achieve thermal insulation of the entire reactor is to wrap the reactor pressure vessel with insulation materials such as insulating cotton and aerogel. However, although the insulation material is placed outside the reactor pressure vessel, it can reduce heat leakage of the entire reactor system, improve energy utilization efficiency, and achieve system insulation. However, it does not achieve thermal insulation and cooling between the reactor core and the external pressure vessel, and therefore cannot reduce the temperature of the external pressure vessel. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention is based on the inventor's discoveries and understanding of the following facts and problems:

[0005] The inventors recognized that without effective thermal insulation of the nuclear energy system, at least four major adverse consequences would result: First, during reactor operation, the external pressure vessel would be exposed to high temperatures for extended periods, leading to a significant increase in structural thermal stress, weakening its structural properties, drastically reducing its load-bearing capacity, and increasing safety hazards; second, the high-temperature working environment would make the pressure vessel highly susceptible to oxidation and corrosion, significantly reducing the service life of the entire system; third, severe heat leakage would lead to a significant reduction in the system's energy utilization efficiency; and fourth, it could cause the external pressure vessel temperature to exceed its maximum limit, resulting in serious reactor safety accidents such as structural damage.

[0006] The inventors also recognized that the current method of insulating pressure vessels by wrapping them with insulating materials such as cotton or aerogel results in thick insulation, which takes up a lot of space and contradicts the requirements and advantages of micro-nano special nuclear energy systems, such as miniaturization, compact structure, small size, and light weight. Furthermore, the thicker insulation also leads to higher costs.

[0007] The present invention aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in the related art.

[0008] Therefore, embodiments of the present invention propose a reactor vacuum reflective thermal insulation device that achieves thermal insulation through vacuum interlayer and radiative thermal insulation.

[0009] An embodiment of the present invention provides a nuclear reaction apparatus.

[0010] The reactor vacuum reflection thermal insulation device of this invention includes:

[0011] The housing has a receiving cavity and a vacuum port, the vacuum port being located on the side wall of the housing and used to evacuate the receiving cavity;

[0012] A reactor core assembly, wherein the reactor core assembly is disposed within the receiving cavity, and a gap exists between the reactor core assembly and the inner wall of the receiving cavity;

[0013] A heat-insulating reflective component is disposed between the core assembly and the inner wall of the receiving cavity, a first vacuum interlayer is formed between the heat-insulating reflective component and the core assembly, a second vacuum interlayer is formed between the heat-insulating reflective component and the inner wall of the receiving cavity, and the heat-insulating reflective component covers the outside of at least a portion of the core assembly to achieve heat insulation.

[0014] In the reactor vacuum reflective thermal insulation device of this invention, a significant temperature gradient is formed in a compact space by arranging thermal insulation and reflective components between the core assembly and the shell within a limited space. This utilizes the low emissivity and high reflectivity of the thermal insulation and reflective components for radiation thermal insulation, as well as the dual thermal insulation method combined with the vacuum interlayer, effectively reducing the outer surface temperature of the pressure vessel shell and reducing heat leakage from the core assembly.

[0015] In some embodiments, the housing includes a cylindrical body and a cap, the cylindrical body being sealed at a first end in its axial direction, the cylindrical body communicating with the cap at a second end in its axial direction, and the inner cavity of the cylindrical body and the inner cavity of the cap together forming the receiving cavity;

[0016] The core assembly is disposed inside the cylinder, and there are gaps between the core assembly and the first end and the circumferential sidewall of the cylinder.

[0017] In some embodiments, a support rod is further included, which is disposed in the inner cavity of the cylinder and connected to the cylinder and / or the cap. A support platform is provided on the rod body adjacent to the first end of the cylinder, and the core assembly is placed on the support platform.

[0018] In some embodiments, the cross section of the support rod orthogonal to its axial direction is polygonal, and the core assembly is sleeved on the support rod to restrict the core assembly from rotating about the axis of the support rod;

[0019] And / or, a thermal insulation pad component is provided between the core assembly and the support platform;

[0020] And / or, the first end of the cylinder has a sealing end cap, the second end of the cylinder is connected to a supporting end cap, the supporting end cap has a through hole so that the inner cavity of the cylinder and the inner cavity of the cap are connected, and the two ends of the support rod are respectively connected to the sealing end cap and the supporting end cap.

[0021] In some embodiments, the heat-insulating reflective component includes a first heat-insulating reflective component and a second heat-insulating reflective component, wherein the first heat-insulating reflective component is disposed between the circumferential direction of the core assembly and the inner wall of the cylinder, and the second heat-insulating reflective component is disposed in the axial direction of the core assembly.

[0022] In some embodiments, the device further includes a first support member and a second support member, the first support member being disposed adjacent to a first end of the cylinder and the second support member being disposed adjacent to a second end of the cylinder. The first heat-insulating reflective component is cylindrical and is connected to the cylinder through the first support member and the second support member. A reserved space is provided between the first heat-insulating reflective component and the first support member, the second support member and / or the cylinder to allow the first heat-insulating reflective component to expand and deform thermally.

[0023] In some embodiments, a third support member is further included, which is disposed at the second end and connected to the cylinder, and the second heat-insulating reflective component is connected to the third support member to cover the second end.

[0024] In some embodiments, there are multiple first heat-reflecting components and multiple second heat-reflecting components, with the multiple first heat-reflecting components arranged radially spaced along the cylinder and the multiple second heat-reflecting components arranged axially spaced along the cylinder on the third support member.

[0025] In some embodiments, the cap is provided with a control cable outlet, the second heat insulation and reflective component is provided with a plurality of through holes to connect the inner cavity of the cap and the inner cavity of the cylinder, and a cover plate is provided at each control cable outlet;

[0026] The vacuum port is located on the cap.

[0027] In some embodiments, the cap includes a cylindrical cap body, with a first flange and a second flange respectively provided at both ends of the axial direction of the cap body. The first flange is detachably connected to the cylindrical body, and the second flange is provided with a top cover. A plurality of the measurement and control cable outlets are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the cap body, and the vacuum port is provided on the cap body.

[0028] A nuclear reactor apparatus, comprising a reactor vacuum reflective thermal insulation device as described in any of the above embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the reactor vacuum reflection heat insulation device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the reactor vacuum reflection thermal insulation device according to another perspective of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 3 This is a front view schematic diagram of the reactor vacuum reflection heat insulation device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Schematic sectional view along the AA direction.

[0033] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A magnified view of part I in the diagram.

[0034] Figure 6 This is a top view schematic diagram of the reactor vacuum reflection heat insulation device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 Schematic sectional view along the middle BB direction.

[0036] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the heat insulation pad component in the reactor vacuum reflective heat insulation device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the first heat-insulating and reflecting component (the thickness of the heat-insulating and reflecting component is enlarged for ease of showing the structure) in the reactor vacuum reflective heat insulation and heat preservation device of this invention.

[0038] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the second heat-insulating and reflecting component in the reactor vacuum reflective heat insulation device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of another second heat-reflecting component in the reactor vacuum reflective heat insulation device of this embodiment of the invention.

[0040] Figure label:

[0041] 100. Reactor vacuum reflective heat insulation device;

[0042] 1. Shell; 11. Cylinder; 12. Cap; 121. Cap body; 122. First flange; 123. Second flange; 124. Top cover; 13. Vacuum port; 14. Measurement and control cable outlet; 141. Cover plate; 15. Bolt; 16. Sealing end cap; 17. Supporting end cap; 18. Sealing ring;

[0043] 2. Core assembly;

[0044] 3. Heat-insulating and reflective component; 31. First heat-insulating and reflective component; 32. Second heat-insulating and reflective component;

[0045] 41. First vacuum interlayer; 42. Second vacuum interlayer;

[0046] 5. Support rod; 51. Support platform;

[0047] 6. Heat insulation pad components;

[0048] 71. First support component; 72. Second support component; 73. Third support component. Detailed Implementation

[0049] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0050] See Figures 1 to 11 The reactor vacuum reflective heat insulation device 100 of this invention includes a shell 1, a core assembly 2 and a heat insulation reflective component 3.

[0051] The housing 1 has a receiving cavity and a vacuum port 13. The receiving cavity is a sealed cavity, and the vacuum port 13 is located on the side wall of the housing 1 and is connected to the receiving cavity. When the receiving cavity is not being evacuated, the vacuum port 13 can be sealed. When it is necessary to evacuate the receiving cavity, the vacuum port 13 is opened and connected to a vacuum pumping device, and the receiving cavity is evacuated using the vacuum port 13. At this time, a vacuum state is formed in the receiving cavity, ensuring that the receiving cavity is in a high vacuum state.

[0052] The core assembly 2 is housed within the containment cavity. The core assembly 2 is the nuclear reactor core and generates a large amount of heat during operation. In this embodiment, a gap exists between the core assembly 2 and the inner wall of the containment cavity. It is understood that the core assembly 2 does not directly contact the shell 1, preventing the heat emitted by the core assembly 2 from being directly transferred to the shell 1. Furthermore, a certain gap exists between the outer circumferential side of the core assembly 2 and the shell 1, which allows for vacuum insulation.

[0053] The heat-insulating reflective component 3 can be a thin-layered structure. For example, it can be a flat plate or annular plate of a certain thickness. The shape of the heat-insulating reflective component 3 can be determined according to the gap distribution between the core assembly 2 and the shell 1. The heat-insulating reflective component 3 is made of high-temperature resistant material, and its surface has the characteristics of low emissivity and high reflectivity. This can increase the radiative heat transfer thermal resistance between the core assembly 2 and the shell 1 by means of a "heat shield", thereby achieving effective heat insulation and cooling.

[0054] In this embodiment, the heat-insulating reflective component 3 is disposed between the core assembly 2 and the inner wall of the housing cavity. A first vacuum interlayer 41 is formed between the heat-insulating reflective component 3 and the core assembly 2, and a second vacuum interlayer 42 is formed between the heat-insulating reflective component 3 and the inner wall of the housing cavity. The heat-insulating reflective component 3 covers at least a portion of the outer side of the core assembly 2 to achieve heat insulation. The heat-insulating reflective component 3 covers the outside of the core assembly 2 as much as possible to reduce heat leakage. In this embodiment, the first vacuum interlayer 41 and the second vacuum interlayer 42 form a space with a significant temperature difference. The heat emitted by the core assembly 2 can be reflected and blocked within the first vacuum interlayer 41 by the heat-insulating reflective component 3, thereby reducing the temperature of the second vacuum interlayer 42. At the same time, since the shell 1 is covered on the outside of the second vacuum interlayer 42, the temperature of the shell 1 is relatively low. In this process, not only is heat preservation achieved, but the temperature of the shell 1 can also be reduced, avoiding the shell 1 from being in a high-temperature state for a long time and avoiding problems such as a significant increase in structural thermal stress caused by high temperature.

[0055] This embodiment ensures the structural stability and load-bearing capacity of the shell 1, eliminating potential safety hazards. Furthermore, the shell 1 in this embodiment is less prone to oxidation and corrosion, significantly extending the service life of the entire system. Additionally, this embodiment reduces heat leakage, improving the system's energy efficiency. The reactor vacuum reflective thermal insulation device 100 in this embodiment operates within its allowable temperature range, exhibiting stable structural performance and a high safety factor.

[0056] In the reactor vacuum reflective heat insulation device 100 of this invention, within a limited space, by arranging heat insulation and reflective components 3 between the core assembly 2 and the shell 1, a significant temperature gradient is formed in the compact space using the low emissivity and high reflectivity of the heat insulation and reflective components 3 for radiation heat insulation, and the dual heat insulation method combined with the vacuum interlayer, effectively reducing the outer surface temperature of the shell 1 of the pressure vessel and reducing heat leakage of the core assembly 2.

[0057] This embodiment has the advantages of simple system, compact structure, few components, small size, light weight, and easy layout, and can be applied to micro-nano mobile special nuclear energy systems in various extreme environments or confined spaces.

[0058] In some embodiments, the housing 1 includes a cylindrical body 11 and a cap 12, the cylindrical body 11 is sealed at a first end in its axial direction, the cylindrical body 11 communicates with the cap 12 at a second end in its axial direction, and the inner cavity of the cylindrical body 11 and the inner cavity of the cap 12 together form a receiving cavity.

[0059] The cylinder 11 can be a generally cylindrical cylinder, or it can be a cylinder with a regular polygonal cross-section. The core assembly 2 is disposed inside the cylinder 11, and there are gaps between the core assembly 2 and the first end and the circumferential sidewall of the cylinder 11. The core assembly 2 does not extend beyond the second end of the cylinder 11, and thus, there is also a gap between the upper end of the core assembly 2 and the cap 12.

[0060] In this embodiment, the heat-generating component is the core assembly 2, and the cylinder 11 is the main component located in the radial direction of the core assembly 2. This direction has the most heat leakage, and the cylinder 11 is also the component with the highest temperature besides the core assembly 2. Therefore, the cylinder 11 can be made of a high-temperature resistant material to ensure its service life and structural stability.

[0061] In this embodiment, the core assembly 2 is mainly arranged inside the cylinder 11, and the cap 12 can be used to arrange measurement and control cables for monitoring and controlling the core assembly 2. Therefore, this embodiment can use the heat-insulating reflective component 3 to block the heat emitted by the core assembly 2 within the cylinder 11 and reduce the heat diffused into the inner cavity of the cap 12, thereby reducing the axial heat leakage of the core assembly 2, lowering the temperature inside the cap 12, and protecting the measurement and control cables inside the cap 12. This ensures that most of the heat emitted by the core assembly 2 is kept inside the heat-insulating reflective component 3, and then carried away as much as possible by the core cooling components (such as heat pipes) to enter the next energy utilization stage, improving the reactor energy utilization rate and efficiency.

[0062] Furthermore, the reactor vacuum reflective heat insulation device 100 also includes a support rod 5, which is located in the inner cavity of the cylinder 11 and connected to the cylinder 11 and / or the cap 12. A support platform 51 is provided on the rod of the support rod 5 near the first end of the cylinder 11. The first end of the cylinder 11 is the lower end of the cylinder 11. Thus, the core assembly 2 can be placed on the support platform 51, avoiding direct connection between the core assembly 2 and the shell 1. Even if the heat of the core assembly 2 can be transferred to the shell 1 through the support rod 5, the heat is relatively small. Of course, the support rod 5 can be made of a high-temperature resistant material with a low thermal conductivity, which can reduce heat leakage.

[0063] In this embodiment of the invention, the cross section of the support rod 5 orthogonal to its axis is polygonal, for example, the cross section of the support rod 5 is a regular pentagon, a regular hexagon, a regular octagon, etc. After the core assembly 2 is sleeved on the support rod 5, an inner hole is provided in the middle of the core assembly 2. The inner hole is sleeved on the support rod 5 and fits against the outer wall of the support rod 5, thereby restricting the core assembly 2 from rotating around the axis of the support rod 5.

[0064] Thermal insulation devices can be installed between the lower part of the core assembly 2 and the first end of the cylinder 11, between the upper end of the core assembly 2 and the second end of the cylinder 11, and between the circumferential sidewall of the core assembly 2 and the sidewall of the cylinder 11.

[0065] Preferably, in this embodiment, thermal insulation devices are provided between the upper end of the core assembly 2 and the second end of the cylinder 11, and between the circumferential sidewall of the core assembly 2 and the sidewall of the cylinder 11. A thermal insulation pad 6 is provided between the lower part of the core assembly 2 and the first end of the cylinder 11. The thermal insulation pad 6 is made of a high-temperature resistant material with a low thermal conductivity to prevent heat from being transferred to the first end of the cylinder 11. Specifically, the thermal insulation pad 6 can be disposed between the core assembly 2 and the support platform 51.

[0066] In some embodiments, the first end of the cylinder 11 has a sealing end cap 16, and the second end of the cylinder 11 is connected to a supporting end cap 17. The supporting end cap 17 has a through hole to connect the inner cavity of the cylinder 11 and the inner cavity of the cap 12, or to serve as a through port for installing core cooling components (such as heat pipes). The two ends of the support rod 5 are respectively connected to the sealing end cap 16 and the supporting end cap 17. Flanges can be provided at both the first and second ends of the cylinder 11. The sealing end cap 16 is connected to the flange at the first end by bolts 15 or other connecting parts. A high-temperature resistant gasket and a sealing ring 18 can be provided between the sealing end cap 16 and the flange to ensure that the sealing performance of the entire system meets the requirements under high vacuum.

[0067] The support end cap 17 is connected to the flange at the second end of the cylinder 11 by bolts 15 and other connecting parts. Sleeves can be provided on the inner side of both the support end cap 17 and the sealing end cap 16 facing the core assembly 2. The two ends of the support rod 5 are sleeved in the sleeves to fix the support rod 5.

[0068] In some embodiments, the heat-insulating reflective component 3 includes a first heat-insulating reflective component 31 and a second heat-insulating reflective component 32. The first heat-insulating reflective component 31 is disposed between the circumference of the core assembly 2 and the inner wall of the cylinder 11, and the second heat-insulating reflective component 32 is disposed in the axial direction of the cylinder. The second heat-insulating reflective component 32 can be disposed on the cylinder at both ends of the core assembly 2 in the axial direction. Preferably, in this embodiment, the second heat-insulating reflective component 32 is disposed at one end of the decommissioning core assembly 2, and the heat-insulating pad component 6 is disposed at the other end.

[0069] Furthermore, the reactor vacuum reflective heat insulation device 100 also includes a first support member 71 and a second support member 72. The first support member 71 is disposed near the first end of the cylinder 11, and the second support member 72 is disposed near the second end of the cylinder 11. The first heat insulation reflective component 31 is cylindrical and is connected to the cylinder 11 through the first support member 71 and the second support member 72. There is a reserved space between the first heat insulation reflective component 31 and the first support member 71, and / or the second support member 72, and / or the cylinder 11 to allow the first heat insulation reflective component 31 to thermally expand and deform.

[0070] In this embodiment, both the first support member 71 and the second support member 72 are annular. The first support member 71 can be connected to the sealing end cap 16. The upper end of the first support member 71 has a limiting groove. The second support member 72 can be pressed between the support end cap 17 and the cylinder 11. The lower end of the second support member 72 has a limiting groove. The upper and lower ends of the first heat insulation reflective component 31 are respectively locked in the limiting grooves of the first support member 71 and the second support member 72. At this time, there is a gap between the first heat insulation reflective component 31 and the groove wall of the limiting groove. When the first heat insulation reflective component 31 is heated and expands and deforms, it will not be constrained by the limiting groove and will not break or be damaged.

[0071] The reactor vacuum reflective heat insulation device 100 also includes a third support member 73, which is located at the second end and connected to the cylinder 11. The second heat insulation reflective component 32 is connected to the third support member 73 to cover the second end.

[0072] In this embodiment, the third support member 73 is in the shape of a ring, and the lower end of the third support member 73 is connected to the cylinder 11. The second heat insulation and reflective component 32 is generally flat and covers the upper end of the third support member 73 to limit the heat from dissipating along the second end of the cylinder 11.

[0073] In this embodiment, the accompanying drawings show an example of one layer of first heat-insulating reflective component 31 or two layers of second heat-insulating reflective component 32. In practical applications, the number of first and second heat-insulating reflective components can be increased or decreased according to actual conditions (setting space, process level, etc.). For example, the number of first heat-insulating reflective components 31 and second heat-insulating reflective components 32 can be 1 layer, 2 layers, 3 layers, 5 layers, etc.

[0074] In this embodiment, a single layer of heat-insulating reflective components can reduce the radiative heat transfer in that direction to approximately 50% of its original value. Increasing the number of heat-insulating reflective components can further improve the heat insulation effect. For example, assuming a total of n heat-insulating reflective components are inserted radially or axially, the radiative heat transfer can be reduced to approximately 1 / (n+1) of its original value. It should be noted that when setting multiple layers of heat-insulating reflective components, there should be no contact between the layers; gaps must be maintained between them. Otherwise, the heat insulation effect will be significantly reduced, or even approach the effect of a single layer.

[0075] Simultaneously, the first support member 71, the second support member 72, and the third support member 73 need to be designed accordingly based on the number of heat insulation and reflective components 3. In addition, by selecting heat insulation and reflective components 3 with lower emissivity and higher reflectivity, and by ensuring a higher vacuum degree (lower absolute pressure) in the vacuum interlayer, it is beneficial to improve the heat insulation effect.

[0076] Of course, since the measurement and control cables inside the cap 12 need to measure and control the working status of the core assembly 2, multiple through holes can be provided on the second heat insulation and reflection component 32 to ensure that the inner cavity of the cylinder 11 and the inner cavity of the cap 12 have channels and reduce the amount of heat leakage.

[0077] Furthermore, in this embodiment, there are multiple first heat-reflecting components 31 and multiple second heat-reflecting components 32. The multiple first heat-reflecting components 31 are arranged radially spaced along the cylinder 11, and the multiple second heat-reflecting components 32 are arranged axially spaced along the cylinder 11 on the third support member 73. For example, there are two second heat-reflecting components 32, which are parallel and spaced apart on the third support member 73. The structures of the two second heat-reflecting components 32 are as follows: Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, Figure 11 The second heat-insulating reflective component 32 has a folded edge to facilitate its placement on top of the third support member 73. Figure 11 The second heat-insulating reflective component 32 can also be equipped with a handle for easy handling. The second heat-insulating reflective component 32 is used for axial radiation heat insulation of the cylinder 11, reducing axial heat leakage and lowering the temperature inside the cap 12.

[0078] The first heat-insulating reflective component 31 and the second heat-insulating reflective component 32 can be made of the same material. When selecting the materials for the first heat-insulating reflective component 31 and the second heat-insulating reflective component 32, the materials must be heat-resistant and have a low emissivity and a high reflectivity. This allows them to increase the thermal resistance of radiative heat transfer through a "heat shielding plate," thereby achieving effective heat insulation and cooling. Based on the above mechanism, the thickness of the first heat-insulating reflective component 31 and the second heat-insulating reflective component 32 has little impact on the thermal insulation performance. Under the conditions that processing and installation allow and the structural strength meets the requirements, their thickness should be as thin as possible.

[0079] The cap 12 is provided with a control cable outlet 14. The second heat insulation and reflective component 32 is provided with multiple through holes to connect the inner cavity of the cap 12 and the inner cavity of the cylinder 11 or to serve as a through hole for setting core cooling components (such as heat pipes). The vacuum port 13 is provided on the cap 12. Of course, the vacuum port 13 can also be set in other positions. The position of the vacuum port 13 can be adjusted as needed without affecting the normal operation of the equipment. The control cable outlet 14 is provided with a cover plate 141.

[0080] When designing the control cable outlet 14, its number and location can be designed according to the actual usage. This allows for determining the required number of measurement points and cables based on actual needs, facilitating changes to the control cable outlet location or adjustments to the number of outlets. For example, the number of control cable outlets 14 can be 3, 4, 6, 8, etc. Multiple control cable outlets 14 can be evenly distributed in a circle, or the spacing or position between adjacent control cable outlets 14 can be adjusted according to actual conditions.

[0081] It should be understood that the openings on the second heat-insulating reflective component 32 and the support end cap 17 in this embodiment serve the following purposes: (1) to connect the chamber of the connecting cylinder 11 and the chamber of the cap 12; (2) to allow the measurement and control cables of the measuring points on the core assembly to pass through; and (3) to serve as a through-hole for setting core cooling components (such as heat pipes).

[0082] Specifically, the cap 12 includes a cylindrical cap body 121. A first flange 122 and a second flange 123 are respectively provided at both ends of the cap body 121 along its axial direction. The first flange 122 is detachably connected to the cylindrical body 11. A top cover 124 is provided on the second flange 123. Multiple control cable outlets 14 are spaced apart circumferentially along the cap body 121. A vacuum port 13 is located on the cap body 121. High-temperature resistant gaskets and sealing rings 18 can be provided between the first flange 122 and the flange on the cylindrical body 11, and between the top cover 124 and the second flange 123, to ensure that the sealing performance of the entire system meets the requirements under high vacuum.

[0083] In the reactor vacuum reflective heat insulation device 100 of this embodiment, the inner diameter of the cap 12 is larger than that of the cylinder 11. The cap 12 mainly houses necessary control cables, wiring ports, and connecting pipes, and provides a low-temperature working environment. The control cable outlet 14 and the vacuum port 13 are located at appropriate positions on the side of the cap 12. The vacuum port 13 is mainly used for evacuating the entire system, requiring it to maintain good sealing under various high-temperature operating conditions and to maintain a high vacuum level inside the system for extended periods.

[0084] The reactor vacuum reflection thermal insulation device proposed in this invention embodiment can be applied to the thermal insulation technology route of micro-nano special nuclear energy systems. It has the advantages of simple system, compact structure, few components, small size, light weight, and easy layout. It can be applied to micro-nano mobile special nuclear energy systems in various extreme environments or confined spaces.

[0085] Through the detailed heat transfer calculation analysis and related experimental tests conducted using the self-built test bench, it can be concluded that this embodiment not only has good heat insulation effect, but also occupies a small overall space. It can effectively reduce the heat transfer from the reactor core to the external pressure vessel in a high-temperature environment and compact space, and significantly reduce reactor heat leakage and the temperature of the external pressure vessel shell.

[0086] The technical solution of this invention can generate a temperature drop of several hundred degrees Celsius between the reactor core and the external pressure vessel (i.e., the shell) under different operating conditions, ensuring that the external pressure vessel always operates below 400 degrees Celsius. This will produce the following main beneficial effects:

[0087] Firstly, it avoids the external pressure vessel of the reactor being in a high-temperature state for a long time, thus preventing the generation of high structural thermal stress and ensuring its structural performance and load-bearing capacity.

[0088] Secondly, the low-temperature working environment can prevent the pressure vessel from undergoing oxidation and corrosion, or delay the occurrence of oxidation and corrosion and reduce the intensity of oxidation and corrosion, thereby improving the service life of the entire system and enhancing system safety and reliability.

[0089] Third, it significantly reduces system heat leakage, especially radial heat leakage, which significantly improves the system's energy utilization efficiency.

[0090] Fourth, it can prevent serious reactor safety accidents such as structural damage caused by excessively high temperatures in external pressure vessels.

[0091] A nuclear reactor device includes a reactor vacuum reflective thermal insulation device as described in any of the above embodiments. The nuclear reactor device can be a micro / nano-type nuclear energy system such as a nuclear reactor power supply. The nuclear reactor power supply is an integrated, self-controlled nuclear power system based on solid-state reactor technology, high-temperature heat pipes, and a high-efficiency dynamic energy conversion system. It features strong power adaptability, long service life, autonomous operation control, compact structure, high safety, and strong adaptability to harsh operating conditions. It can fundamentally solve key problems such as energy and power supply sustainability, becoming a key core technological advantage in the energy field.

[0092] The beneficial effects achieved by the nuclear reactor equipment in this embodiment are the same as those achieved by the reactor vacuum reflection heat insulation device in the above embodiment, so they will not be described again.

[0093] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0094] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0095] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between them; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0096] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0097] In this invention, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0098] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A reactor vacuum reflective heat insulation device, characterized in that, include: The housing has a receiving cavity and a vacuum port, the vacuum port being located on the side wall of the housing and used to evacuate the receiving cavity; A reactor core assembly, wherein the reactor core assembly is disposed within the receiving cavity, and a gap exists between the reactor core assembly and the inner wall of the receiving cavity; A heat-insulating reflective component is disposed between the core assembly and the inner wall of the receiving cavity, a first vacuum interlayer is formed between the heat-insulating reflective component and the core assembly, a second vacuum interlayer is formed between the heat-insulating reflective component and the inner wall of the receiving cavity, and the heat-insulating reflective component covers the outside of at least a portion of the core assembly to achieve heat insulation.

2. The reactor vacuum reflective heat insulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The housing includes a cylindrical body and a cap. The cylindrical body is sealed at its first axial end, and the cylindrical body is connected to the cap at its second axial end. The inner cavity of the cylindrical body and the inner cavity of the cap together constitute the receiving cavity. The core assembly is disposed inside the cylinder, and there are gaps between the core assembly and the first end and the circumferential sidewall of the cylinder.

3. The reactor vacuum reflective heat insulation device according to claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes a support rod, which is disposed in the inner cavity of the cylinder and connected to the cylinder and / or the cap. A support platform is provided on the rod body adjacent to the first end of the cylinder, and the core assembly is placed on the support platform.

4. The reactor vacuum reflective heat insulation device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The cross-section of the support rod orthogonal to its axis is polygonal, and the core assembly is sleeved on the support rod to restrict the core assembly from rotating about the axis of the support rod. And / or, a thermal insulation pad component is provided between the core assembly and the support platform; And / or, the first end of the cylinder has a sealing end cap, the second end of the cylinder is connected to a supporting end cap, the supporting end cap has a through hole so that the inner cavity of the cylinder and the inner cavity of the cap are connected, and the two ends of the support rod are respectively connected to the sealing end cap and the supporting end cap.

5. The reactor vacuum reflective thermal insulation device according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that, The heat-insulating and reflective component includes a first heat-insulating and reflective component and a second heat-insulating and reflective component. The first heat-insulating and reflective component is disposed between the circumference of the core assembly and the inner wall of the cylinder, and the second heat-insulating and reflective component is disposed in the axial direction of the core assembly.

6. The reactor vacuum reflective heat insulation device according to claim 5, characterized in that, It also includes a first support member and a second support member. The first support member is disposed near a first end of the cylinder, and the second support member is disposed near a second end of the cylinder. The first heat-insulating reflective component is cylindrical. The first heat-insulating reflective component is connected to the cylinder through the first support member and the second support member. There is a reserved space between the first heat-insulating reflective component and the first support member, the second support member and / or the cylinder to allow the first heat-insulating reflective component to expand and deform due to thermal expansion.

7. The reactor vacuum reflective heat insulation device according to claim 5, characterized in that, It also includes a third support member, which is located at the second end and connected to the cylinder body, and the second heat insulation and reflective component is connected to the third support member to cover the second end.

8. The reactor vacuum reflective heat insulation device according to claim 7, characterized in that, There are multiple first heat-insulating reflective components and multiple second heat-insulating reflective components. The multiple first heat-insulating reflective components are arranged at radial intervals along the cylinder body, and the multiple second heat-insulating reflective components are arranged at axial intervals along the cylinder body in the third support member. And / or, the cap is provided with a control cable outlet, the second heat insulation and reflective component is provided with multiple through holes to connect the inner cavity of the cap and the inner cavity of the cylinder, the control cable outlet is provided with a cover plate, and the vacuum port is provided on the cap.

9. The reactor vacuum reflective heat insulation device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The cap includes a cylindrical cap body, with a first flange and a second flange respectively provided at both ends of the axial direction of the cap body. The first flange is detachably connected to the cylindrical body, and the second flange is provided with a top cover. Multiple control cable outlets are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the cap body, and the vacuum port is provided on the cap body.

10. A nuclear reaction apparatus, characterized in that, Includes a reactor vacuum reflective thermal insulation device as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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