Coastal protection forest belt transformation method based on forest window greening

Abstract

The invention discloses a coastal protection forest belt transformation method based on forest window greening. According to the method, a scientific foundation is laid for subsequent transformation by accurately identifying the forest window area. Soil air permeability and water permeability are improved through land consolidation and cleaning work, and good conditions are created for plant growth. Reasonable arbor, shrub, grass and vine planting planning is adopted, a multi-layer vegetation structure is constructed, and the ecological stability of the forest belt is enhanced. The arbors such as the coconut and the Terminalia mandshurica have the characteristics of wind resistance, saline-alkaline tolerance and the like, can effectively resist sea wind invasion and reduce wind and sand damage, and play roles in wind prevention, sand fixation and economic benefit exertion. The shrub, grass and vine plants such as pittosporum tobira and ipomoea pes-caprae are beneficial to soil fixation, slope protection, water and soil conservation and soil erosion prevention. The healthy growth of vegetation is guaranteed through daily forest land cleaning and vegetation growth monitoring, the improvement of biodiversity is promoted, and a suitable habitat environment is provided for various organisms.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of protective forest transformation technology, specifically a method for transforming coastal protective forest belts based on forest gap revegetation. Background Technology

[0002] Coastal shelterbelts are a core component of coastal ecosystems, playing crucial roles in resisting sea wind erosion, stabilizing sand dunes, buffering storm surges, and maintaining biodiversity. As a natural barrier to the coastline, they effectively weaken the impact of ocean waves and prevent coastline retreat through the synergistic effect of multi-layered vegetation, including trees and shrubs, while also providing habitats for birds, insects, and other organisms. However, with the intensification of global climate change, the increasing frequency of extreme weather events, and human disturbance, coastal shelterbelts generally face problems such as forest degradation, widening forest gaps, and monoculture, leading to a decline in their ecological protection capacity and a reduction in their landscape value. Current coastal shelterbelt renovation techniques mainly rely on traditional artificial afforestation and simple replanting methods.

[0003] However, existing technologies may lack the ability to accurately identify forest gap areas, resulting in a lack of targeted transformation and an inability to rationally plan according to the characteristics of different areas. Land preparation and clearing work may not be meticulous enough, failing to effectively improve soil conditions and affecting plant growth. In terms of plant selection, the ecological characteristics, landscape effects, and economic value of plants may not be fully considered, leading to poor ecological stability, a monotonous landscape, and virtually no economic benefits. Daily management and monitoring may not be timely or comprehensive enough, making it difficult to identify and resolve problems in the plant growth process. The lack of a long-term maintenance and evaluation mechanism makes it difficult to sustain and stabilize the transformation effects, failing to fully utilize the ecological and landscape functions of coastal protective forest belts and failing to simultaneously realize economic benefits. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for transforming coastal protective forest belts based on forest gap revegetation in order to solve the problems mentioned above.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows: a method for transforming coastal protective forest belts based on forest gap revegetation, the method comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1: By comprehensively utilizing satellite remote sensing imagery, UAV mapping, and field surveys, we will mark the forest gap areas in the coastal shelterbelt and the locations with the potential to create forest gap landscapes, and assess their area, topography, soil conditions, and surrounding environment.

[0007] S2: Conduct targeted land preparation in forest gap areas. Remove weeds, garbage, and obstacles that affect plant growth, improve soil aeration and permeability, and create favorable conditions for revegetation.

[0008] S3: Plant trees in the forest gap area according to the configuration in the table. Plant an average of 20 coconut palms per acre, with a spacing of 5.5×6m, or in groups of 2-4 palms; plant 2 large-leaved terminalis trees, preferably near the sea; plant 2 hibiscus trees and 2 other suitable tree species (such as Malus halliana, Citrus reticulata, and Ficus microcarpa), with a spacing of 5-8m. At the same time, appropriately add ornamental trees such as flame trees in conspicuous and suitable locations in the forest gap, adjusting the spacing according to the actual situation.

[0009] S4: Plant shrubs, grasses, and vines in the forest gap areas. Plant 3 clumps of Pittosporum tobira per acre, with each clump covering 10 square meters and a plant spacing of 1×1m. Appropriately add brightly colored shrubs, grasses, and vines such as Bougainvillea in the forest gap areas, adjusting the planting spacing according to the plant growth characteristics and aesthetic requirements to create a more ornamental green landscape.

[0010] S5: Strengthen the daily cleaning and maintenance of forest land in forest gap areas, regularly remove newly grown weeds, fallen dead branches and leaves, and other debris that may affect plant growth, and keep the forest environment clean.

[0011] S6: Establish a vegetation growth monitoring system to regularly observe the growth status of trees, shrubs, and vines, including survival rate, growth rate, and pest and disease conditions. Utilize sensors and drones to collect data and provide a scientific basis for subsequent nurturing and management.

[0012] S7: Based on the monitoring results, provide targeted care for plants that are not growing well. For example, irrigate plants that are short of water, fertilize plants that are short of fertilizer, and take appropriate control measures for plants that are affected by pests and diseases.

[0013] S8: Based on the actual growth conditions and landscape effects of the forest gap areas, optimize and adjust the plant configuration as needed. For example, replace poorly growing ornamental plants, increase or decrease the quantity of certain plants, in order to continuously improve the greening and landscape effects.

[0014] S9: Develop a long-term maintenance plan to continuously maintain and manage the revegetation and landscape of forest gaps. Regularly evaluate the effectiveness of the renovation, summarize lessons learned, and provide reference and improvement directions for subsequent coastal shelterbelt renovations.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, step S1 employs a variety of advanced and complementary technologies to construct a comprehensive and detailed regional identification system. First, satellite remote sensing imagery is used to capture the overall layout information of the shelterbelt at a macroscopic level. Analysis of image data from different bands allows for the preliminary delineation of the approximate range and distribution of forest gap areas. Next, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are used for mapping, offering high flexibility and enabling low-altitude, multi-angle imaging of the shelterbelt. UAVs can penetrate complex terrain areas to acquire detailed topographic information, generating high-precision 3D models and providing accurate topographic data for subsequent redevelopment planning. Finally, on-site investigation is conducted, requiring staff to go deep into the area and, based on their professional knowledge and experience, meticulously record and analyze details such as soil texture, vegetation growth, and the surrounding environment.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment, step S2 involves targeted land preparation in the forest gap area, starting with a complete removal of weeds. Weeds are diverse and grow rapidly; they take root in the soil, absorbing large amounts of nutrients and water, leaving newly planted plants with insufficient resources. The presence of debris not only damages soil structure but may also carry pathogens and pests, threatening plant health. Obstacles affecting plant growth, such as stones and construction waste, hinder root growth and expansion, reducing soil aeration and permeability. Land preparation and clearing improve soil aeration and permeability, enabling the soil to better retain moisture and nutrients, providing a favorable soil environment for plant growth.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment, in step S3, the middle layer is planted with native tree species such as Terminalia catappa and Hibiscus syriacus, with a crown width of 3 to 8 meters and a plant spacing of 4 to 6 meters, forming a continuous windbreak canopy; the bottom layer is densely planted with shrubs such as Pittosporum tobira, with a plant height of 0.5 to 1 meter, planted in a 0.3 meter by 0.3 meter grid, planted in groups, with each group covering 10 to 30 square meters; appropriate forest space or corridors are left, and shrubs, grasses and vines are planted on both sides to form biological migration channels, which also helps to develop forest belt sightseeing tours in the future.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment, in step S4, water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining substances are filled into the planting pits in the modified area.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment, step S5, routine forest land clearing, is crucial for maintaining the healthy growth of vegetation in forest gap areas. Weeds grow rapidly and constantly compete with trees, shrubs, and vines for nutrients, water, and sunlight, affecting their growth and development. Regularly removing newly grown weeds reduces competitive pressure on plants, ensuring they have sufficient resources for growth. Fallen branches and leaves, if not promptly cleared, accumulate in the forest, easily breeding bacteria and pests, leading to the spread of diseases and pests, and posing a fire hazard. Furthermore, the accumulation of fallen branches and leaves affects soil aeration and permeability, hindering root growth. Other debris that may affect plant growth, such as plastic bags and waste paper, not only damages the forest's ecological environment but may also entangle plant branches and roots, hindering normal growth. Maintaining a clean forest environment creates a favorable growing environment for plants, improving their survival rate and growth quality, while also enhancing the landscape effect of forest gap areas.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment, step S6 includes monitoring indicators such as the survival rate, growth rate, and pest and disease status of trees, shrubs, and vines. For monitoring the survival rate, regular field surveys can be conducted to count the number and proportion of surviving plants. For monitoring the growth rate, measuring tools can be used to periodically measure growth indicators such as plant height and diameter. For monitoring pest and disease status, monitoring points and sensors can be installed to monitor the occurrence and development of pests and diseases in real time. Data is collected using sensors and drones; sensors can monitor environmental parameters such as soil moisture, temperature, and nutrient content in real time, while drones can quickly acquire images of large areas of vegetation growth. The collected data should be promptly organized and analyzed to establish databases and models, predicting vegetation growth trends and potential problems. Based on the monitoring results, management measures should be adjusted promptly to ensure healthy vegetation growth.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment, in step S7, soil moisture is tested before irrigation, and the irrigation amount is determined based on the test results. For plants deficient in nutrients, appropriate fertilizer types and application amounts are selected based on soil test results and the plant's nutritional needs. A combination of root fertilization and foliar fertilization can be used to improve fertilizer utilization. When fertilizing, attention should be paid to the timing and method to avoid fertilizer waste and environmental pollution. For plants affected by pests and diseases, appropriate control methods are selected based on the type and severity of the pests and diseases. A combination of biological, physical, and chemical control methods can be used to reduce the impact on the ecological environment.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment, step S8 involves periodically evaluating the landscape effect and making targeted adjustments based on the evaluation results. First, a landscape evaluation index system is established, comprehensively assessing aspects such as vegetation color matching, layering, and density. Professional personnel are regularly organized to conduct on-site inspections and evaluations, collecting relevant data and opinions. Based on the evaluation results, poorly growing ornamental plants are replaced. When replacing plants, varieties compatible with the original plant growth environment and landscape style are selected. The number of certain plants is adjusted reasonably according to the spatial and functional needs of the forest window areas. If the vegetation in a certain area is too sparse, affecting the layering and richness of the landscape, some plants can be added appropriately; if the vegetation in a certain area is too dense, affecting ventilation and light penetration and plant growth space, some plants can be reduced appropriately. When adjusting the plant configuration, attention must be paid to the standardization and safety of construction to avoid damage to other plants and the ecological environment. After the adjustment is completed, the landscape effect is re-evaluated to ensure that the expected effect is achieved.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment, step S9 includes regular monitoring of the effectiveness of windbreak and sand fixation and soil and water conservation.

[0024] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0025] 1. In this invention, the precise identification of forest gap areas lays a scientific foundation for subsequent transformation. Land preparation and clearing improve soil aeration and permeability, creating favorable conditions for plant growth. A rational planting plan for trees, shrubs, grasses, and vines constructs a multi-layered vegetation structure, enhancing the ecological stability of the forest belt. Trees such as coconut palms and large-leaved terminalia trees possess wind resistance and salt tolerance, effectively resisting sea breezes and reducing wind and sand damage, playing a role in windbreak and sand fixation while also contributing to economic benefits. Shrubs, grasses, and vines such as *Scabiosa henryi* and *Ipomoea quamoclit* help stabilize soil and slopes, conserve water and soil, and prevent soil erosion. Routine forest clearing and vegetation growth monitoring ensure healthy vegetation growth, while targeted tending management promptly addresses problems arising during plant growth, maintaining the balance of the forest belt ecosystem. Long-term maintenance and evaluation ensure the sustainability and stability of the transformation effects, promote biodiversity, and provide suitable habitats for various organisms.

[0026] 2. In this invention, highly ornamental plants, such as flame trees and bougainvillea, are rationally arranged in the forest gap areas to enhance the aesthetic appeal of the forest belt. The combination of trees, shrubs, grasses, and vines creates a rich sense of layering and color variation, resulting in a landscape effect with beautiful scenery in all four seasons. The landscape optimization and adjustment process can be dynamically optimized based on actual growth conditions and landscape effects, continuously improving the quality of greening and landscape. At the same time, the transformed forest belt blends with the surrounding environment, providing people with a more beautiful and comfortable ecological space, meeting people's needs for a better living environment, and also helping to enhance the overall image and attractiveness of the area. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the process principle of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0029] Example:

[0030] Reference Figure 1 A method for transforming coastal shelterbelts based on forest gap revegetation includes the following steps:

[0031] S1: By comprehensively utilizing satellite remote sensing imagery, UAV mapping, and field surveys, we will mark the forest gap areas in the coastal shelterbelt and the locations with the potential to create forest gap landscapes, and assess their area, topography, soil conditions, and surrounding environment.

[0032] S2: Conduct targeted land preparation in forest gap areas. Remove weeds, garbage, and obstacles that affect plant growth, improve soil aeration and permeability, and create favorable conditions for revegetation.

[0033] S3: Plant trees in the forest gap area according to the configuration in the table. Plant an average of 20 coconut palms per acre, with a spacing of 5.5×6m, or in groups of 2-4 palms; plant 2 large-leaved terminalis trees, prioritizing those near the sea; plant 2 hibiscus trees and 2 other tree species (such as tamanu, pine, and banyan), maintaining a spacing of 5-8m. Simultaneously, appropriately add ornamental trees such as flame trees in prominent and suitable locations within the forest gap, adjusting the spacing according to the actual situation.

[0034] S4: Plant shrubs, grasses, and vines in the forest gap areas. Plant 3 clumps of Pittosporum tobira per acre, with each clump covering 10 square meters and a plant spacing of 1×1m. Appropriately add brightly colored shrubs, grasses, and vines such as Bougainvillea in the forest gap areas, adjusting the planting spacing according to the plant growth characteristics and aesthetic requirements to create a more ornamental green landscape.

[0035] S5: Strengthen the daily cleaning and maintenance of forest land in forest gap areas, regularly remove newly grown weeds, fallen dead branches and leaves, and other debris that may affect plant growth, and keep the forest environment clean.

[0036] S6: Establish a vegetation growth monitoring system to regularly observe the growth status of trees, shrubs, and vines, including survival rate, growth rate, and pest and disease conditions. Utilize sensors and drones to collect data and provide a scientific basis for subsequent nurturing and management.

[0037] S7: Based on the monitoring results, provide targeted care for plants that are not growing well. For example, irrigate plants that are short of water, fertilize plants that are short of fertilizer, and take appropriate control measures for plants that are affected by pests and diseases.

[0038] S8: Based on the actual growth conditions and landscape effects of the forest gap areas, optimize and adjust the plant configuration as needed. For example, replace poorly growing ornamental plants, increase or decrease the quantity of certain plants, in order to continuously improve the greening and landscape effects.

[0039] S9: Develop a long-term maintenance plan to continuously maintain and manage the revegetation and landscape of forest gaps. Regularly evaluate the effectiveness of the renovation, summarize lessons learned, and provide reference and improvement directions for subsequent coastal shelterbelt renovations.

[0040] In step S1, a comprehensive and detailed regional identification system is constructed using a variety of advanced and complementary technologies. First, satellite remote sensing imagery is used to capture the overall layout information of the shelterbelt at a macroscopic level. Analysis of image data from different bands allows for the preliminary delineation of the approximate range and distribution of forest gap areas. Next, drone mapping is employed, offering high flexibility and enabling low-altitude, multi-angle imaging of the shelterbelt. Drones can penetrate complex terrain areas to acquire detailed topographic information, generating high-precision 3D models and providing accurate topographic data for subsequent redevelopment planning. Finally, on-site investigation is conducted, requiring staff to go deep into the area and, based on their professional knowledge and experience, meticulously record and analyze details such as soil texture, vegetation growth, and the surrounding environment.

[0041] In step S2, targeted land preparation is carried out in the forest gap area. The first step is to completely remove all weeds. Weeds are diverse and grow rapidly; they take root in the soil, absorbing large amounts of nutrients and water, leaving newly planted plants with insufficient resources. The presence of litter not only damages the soil structure but may also carry pathogens and pests, threatening plant health. Obstacles affecting plant growth, such as stones and construction waste, hinder root growth and expansion, reducing soil aeration and permeability. Land preparation and clearing improve soil aeration and permeability, enabling the soil to better retain moisture and nutrients, providing a favorable soil environment for plant growth.

[0042] In step S3, the middle layer is planted with native tree species such as Terminalia catappa and Hibiscus syriacus, with a crown width of 3 to 8 meters and a plant spacing of 4 to 6 meters to form a continuous windbreak canopy; the bottom layer is densely planted with shrubs such as Pittosporum tobira, with a plant height of 0.5 to 1 meter, planted in a 0.3 meter by 0.3 meter grid, planted in groups, with each group covering 10 to 30 square meters; appropriate forest space or corridors are left, and shrubs, grasses and vines are planted on both sides to form biological migration channels, which will also help to develop forest belt sightseeing tours in the future.

[0043] In step S4, water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining substances are filled into the planting pits in the modified area.

[0044] In step S5, routine forest land clearing is crucial for maintaining the healthy growth of vegetation in forest gap areas. Weeds grow rapidly and constantly compete with trees, shrubs, and vines for nutrients, water, and sunlight, affecting their growth and development. Regularly removing newly grown weeds reduces competitive pressure on plants, ensuring they have sufficient resources for growth. Fallen branches and leaves, if not promptly cleared, accumulate in the forest, easily breeding bacteria and pests, leading to the spread of diseases and pests, and posing a fire hazard. Furthermore, accumulated branches and leaves affect soil aeration and permeability, hindering root growth. Other debris that may affect plant growth, such as plastic bags and waste paper, not only damage the forest's ecological environment but can also entangle plant branches and roots, hindering normal growth. Maintaining a clean forest environment creates a favorable growing environment for plants, improving survival rates and growth quality, while also enhancing the landscape effect of forest gap areas.

[0045] In step S6, monitoring indicators include the survival rate, growth rate, and pest and disease status of trees, shrubs, and vines. For survival rate monitoring, regular field surveys can be conducted to count the number and proportion of surviving plants. For growth rate monitoring, measuring tools can be used to periodically measure plant height, diameter, and other growth indicators. For pest and disease monitoring, monitoring points and sensors can be installed to monitor the occurrence and development of pests and diseases in real time. Data is collected using sensors and drones. Sensors can monitor environmental parameters such as soil moisture, temperature, and nutrient content in real time, while drones can quickly acquire images of large areas of vegetation growth. The collected data should be promptly processed and analyzed to establish databases and models, predicting vegetation growth trends and potential problems. Based on the monitoring results, management measures should be adjusted promptly to ensure healthy vegetation growth.

[0046] In step S7, soil moisture should be tested before irrigation, and the irrigation amount should be determined based on the test results. For plants deficient in nutrients, the appropriate type and amount of fertilizer should be selected based on the soil test results and the plant's nutritional needs. A combination of root fertilization and foliar fertilization can be used to improve fertilizer utilization. When fertilizing, attention should be paid to the timing and method to avoid fertilizer waste and environmental pollution. For plants affected by pests and diseases, appropriate control methods should be selected based on the type and severity of the pests and diseases. A combination of biological, physical, and chemical control methods can be used to reduce the impact on the ecological environment.

[0047] In step S8, the landscape effect is evaluated regularly, and targeted adjustments are made based on the evaluation results. First, a landscape evaluation index system is established, comprehensively assessing aspects such as vegetation color matching, layering, and density. Professional personnel are regularly organized to conduct on-site inspections and evaluations, collecting relevant data and opinions. Based on the evaluation results, poorly growing ornamental plants are replaced. When replacing plants, varieties that are compatible with the original plant growth environment and landscape style should be selected. The number of certain plants is adjusted reasonably according to the spatial and functional needs of the forest window areas. If the vegetation in a certain area is too sparse, affecting the layering and richness of the landscape, some plants can be added appropriately; if the vegetation in a certain area is too dense, affecting ventilation and light penetration and plant growth space, some plants can be reduced appropriately. When adjusting the plant configuration, attention should be paid to the standardization and safety of construction to avoid damage to other plants and the ecological environment. After the adjustment is completed, the landscape effect is re-evaluated to ensure that the expected effect is achieved.

[0048] In step S9, the maintenance includes regularly monitoring the effectiveness of windbreak and sand fixation and soil and water conservation.

[0049] From the above, we can conclude that:

[0050] In this invention, the precise identification of forest gap areas lays a scientific foundation for subsequent transformation. Land preparation and clearing improve soil aeration and permeability, creating favorable conditions for plant growth. A rational planting plan for trees, shrubs, grasses, and vines constructs a multi-layered vegetation structure, enhancing the ecological stability of the forest belt. Trees such as coconut palms and large-leaved terminalia trees possess wind resistance and salt tolerance, effectively resisting sea breezes and reducing wind and sand damage, playing a role in windbreak and sand fixation while also providing economic benefits. Shrubs, grasses, and vines such as *Symplocos edulis* help stabilize soil and slopes, conserve water and soil, and prevent soil erosion. Routine forest clearing and vegetation growth monitoring ensure healthy vegetation growth, while targeted tending management promptly addresses problems arising during plant growth, maintaining the balance of the forest belt ecosystem. Long-term maintenance and evaluation ensure the sustainability and stability of the transformation effects, promote biodiversity, and provide suitable habitats for various organisms.

[0051] In this invention, highly ornamental plants, such as flame trees and bougainvillea, are rationally arranged in the forest gap areas to enhance the aesthetic appeal of the forest belt. The combination of trees, shrubs, grasses, and vines creates a rich sense of layering and color variation, resulting in a landscape effect that is beautiful in all four seasons. The landscape optimization and adjustment process allows for dynamic optimization based on actual growth conditions and landscape effects, continuously improving the quality of greening and the overall landscape. Simultaneously, the transformed forest belt blends seamlessly with the surrounding environment, providing people with a more beautiful and comfortable ecological space, meeting their needs for a better living environment, and contributing to enhancing the overall image and attractiveness of the area.

[0052] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0053] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for transforming coastal shelterbelts based on forest gap revegetation, characterized in that: The method includes the following steps: S1: By comprehensively utilizing satellite remote sensing imagery, UAV mapping, and field surveys, forest gap areas in coastal shelterbelts are marked, and their area, topography, soil conditions, and surrounding environment are assessed; S2: Conduct targeted land preparation in forest gap areas; remove weeds, garbage, and obstacles that affect plant growth in the area, improve soil aeration and permeability, and create good basic conditions for revegetation; S3: Plant trees in the forest gap area according to the configuration in the table; plant an average of 20 coconut trees per acre, using a spacing of 5.5×6m or 2-4 trees per group; plant 2 large-leaved Indian almond trees, preferably near the sea; plant 2 yellow hibiscus trees and 2 other suitable tree species, with a spacing of 5-8m between trees; at the same time, add some ornamental trees in conspicuous and suitable locations in the forest gap, and adjust the spacing according to the actual situation. S4: Plant shrubs, grasses and vines in the forest gap area; plant 3 clumps of Pittosporum tobira per acre, each clump is 10 square meters, and the plant spacing is 1×1m; appropriately increase brightly colored shrubs, grasses and vines such as Bougainvillea in the forest gap area, and adjust the planting spacing according to the plant growth characteristics and aesthetic needs to form a more ornamental green landscape. S5: Strengthen the daily cleaning and maintenance of forest land in forest gap areas, regularly remove newly grown weeds, and keep the forest environment clean; S6: Establish a vegetation growth monitoring system to regularly observe the growth status of trees, shrubs, grasses, and vines, including survival rate, growth rate, and pest and disease conditions; use sensor and drone technology to collect data to provide a scientific basis for subsequent nurturing and management. S7: Based on the monitoring results, provide targeted care for plants with poor growth; irrigate plants that are short of water, fertilize plants that are short of fertilizer, and take corresponding prevention and control measures for plants that are affected by diseases and pests; at the same time, thin out overly dense areas to ensure that plants have enough growing space. S8: Based on the actual growth conditions and landscape effects of the forest gap area, optimize and adjust the plant configuration in a timely manner; replace poorly growing ornamental plants, increase or decrease the number of certain plants, so as to continuously improve the greening and landscape effects. S9: Develop a long-term maintenance plan to continuously maintain and manage the revegetation and landscape of forest gaps; regularly evaluate the transformation effect, summarize lessons learned, and provide reference and improvement directions for subsequent coastal protection forest belt transformation.

2. The coastal shelterbelt transformation method based on forest gap revegetation as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, a comprehensive and detailed regional identification system is constructed using a variety of advanced and complementary technologies. First, satellite remote sensing imagery is used to capture the overall layout information of the shelterbelt at a macro level. Through the analysis of image data in different bands, the approximate range and distribution pattern of the forest gap area are initially delineated. Then, UAV mapping is used, which is highly flexible and can take low-altitude, multi-angle photos of the shelterbelt. The UAV penetrates into complex terrain areas to obtain detailed topographic information and generate a high-precision three-dimensional model, providing accurate terrain data for subsequent transformation planning.

3. The coastal shelterbelt transformation method based on forest gap revegetation as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, targeted land preparation is carried out in the forest gap area. First, all weeds in the area must be completely removed. Through land preparation and cleaning, the soil aeration and permeability are improved, so that the soil can better retain moisture and nutrients, providing a good soil environment for plant growth.

4. The coastal shelterbelt transformation method based on forest gap revegetation as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the middle layer is planted with native tree species such as Terminalia catappa and Hibiscus syriacus, with a crown width of 3 to 8 meters and a plant spacing of 4 to 6 meters to form a continuous windbreak canopy; the bottom layer is densely planted with shrubs such as Pittosporum tobira, with a plant height of 0.5 to 1 meter, planted in a 0.3 meter by 0.3 meter grid, planted in groups, with each group covering 10 to 30 square meters; appropriate forest space or corridors are left, and shrubs, grasses and vines are planted on both sides to form biological migration channels, which also helps to develop forest belt sightseeing tours in the future.

5. The coastal shelterbelt transformation method based on forest gap revegetation as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining substances are filled into the planting pits in the modified area.

6. The coastal shelterbelt transformation method based on forest gap revegetation as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, routine forest clearing is an important guarantee for maintaining the healthy growth of vegetation in forest gap areas. Weeds grow quickly and constantly compete with trees, shrubs, and vines for nutrients, water, and sunlight, affecting their growth and development. Regularly removing newly grown weeds can reduce the competitive pressure of weeds on plants and ensure that plants have enough resources to grow. If fallen dead branches and leaves are not cleared in time, they will accumulate in the forest and easily breed bacteria and pests, causing the spread of diseases and pests.

7. A method for transforming coastal protective forest belts based on forest gap revegetation as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S6, the monitoring indicators include the survival rate, growth rate, and pest and disease status of trees, shrubs, grasses, and vines. For monitoring the survival rate, a regular field survey is conducted to count the number and proportion of surviving plants. For monitoring the growth rate, measuring tools are used to regularly measure the height and diameter of the plants. For monitoring the pest and disease status, monitoring points are set up and sensors are installed to monitor the occurrence and development of pests and diseases in real time. Data is collected using sensors and drone technology. Sensors monitor environmental parameters such as soil moisture, temperature, and nutrient content in real time, while drones quickly acquire images of vegetation growth over a large area.

8. A method for transforming coastal shelterbelts based on forest gap revegetation as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S7, before irrigation, soil moisture should be tested, and the irrigation amount should be determined based on the test results. For plants lacking nutrients, appropriate fertilizer types and amounts should be selected based on soil test results and the plant's nutritional needs. A combination of root fertilization and foliar fertilization should be used to improve fertilizer utilization. When fertilizing, attention should be paid to the timing and method to avoid fertilizer waste and environmental pollution. For plants affected by pests and diseases, appropriate control methods should be selected based on the type and severity of the pests and diseases. A combination of biological, physical, and chemical control methods should be used to reduce the impact on the ecological environment.

9. A method for transforming coastal shelterbelts based on forest gap revegetation as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S8, the landscape effect is evaluated regularly, and targeted adjustments are made based on the evaluation results. First, a landscape evaluation index system is established to comprehensively evaluate the vegetation in terms of color matching, layering, and density. Professional personnel are regularly organized to conduct on-site inspections and evaluations to collect relevant data and opinions.

10. A method for transforming coastal protective forest belts based on forest gap revegetation as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S9, the maintenance includes regularly monitoring the effectiveness of windbreak and sand fixation and soil and water conservation.

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