Rhizoma polygonati processing method
By combining natural sun-drying with intelligent drying, and dynamically adjusting the angle of the drying net and environmental parameters, the problems of long processing cycle and component loss of Polygonatum odoratum have been solved, achieving efficient and high-quality drying of Polygonatum odoratum.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511279785.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-09-09
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-05
AI Technical Summary
In the traditional processing method of Polygonatum, the nine-stage drying process has the problems of long drying cycle, great influence from weather, and loss of effective ingredients due to modern drying equipment.
By combining natural sun-drying with modern equipment drying, and by dynamically adjusting the angle of the drying net and using an intelligent drying module through real-time monitoring of environmental parameters, a seamless switch between open-air natural sun-drying and drying is achieved, ensuring that the Solomon's seal maintains the best environmental conditions during the drying process.
It shortens the processing cycle of Polygonatum, reduces the loss of effective ingredients, and improves drying efficiency and quality.
Smart Images
Figure CN121059720A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the field of processing of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and particularly relates to a processing method of rhizoma polygonati. BACKGROUND
[0002] As a traditional and precious Chinese medicinal material, the processing technology of rhizoma polygonati is crucial for the efficacy, and nine steaming and nine drying is a classic processing method, which can reduce the irritability of rhizoma polygonati and enhance the efficacy of tonifying qi and nourishing yin, invigorating the spleen and moistening the lung. In the nine drying step, although the traditional natural sunlight drying can better retain the effective components and flavor of rhizoma polygonati, the drying period is long and is greatly affected by the weather; and the use of modern equipment for drying, although shortens the drying period, easily leads to the loss of some heat-sensitive components of rhizoma polygonati and affects the efficacy. SUMMARY
[0003] In order to solve the problems in the background art, the present application provides a processing method of rhizoma polygonati, which combines natural drying and modern equipment drying in the nine drying step of the nine steaming and nine drying process, so as to shorten the drying period and avoid the loss of effective components of rhizoma polygonati.
[0004] The technical scheme of the present application is as follows: A processing method of rhizoma polygonati, comprising the following steps: S1, selecting fresh rhizoma polygonati and performing pretreatment. S2, performing first steaming on the pretreated fresh rhizoma polygonati, and after steaming and cooling, performing first drying in a drying and airing integrated room on the drying field to obtain first processed rhizoma polygonati. The drying and airing integrated room is provided with an openable top cover at the top, an drying module and a plurality of airing racks in the interior, and a drying net is arranged on each airing rack; when the top cover is closed, a closed drying space is formed in the interior of the drying and airing integrated room, and when the top cover is opened, the drying net is exposed to the open air without any shelter; and the drying net is further arranged to be rotatable.
[0005] The drying step specifically comprises: S2.1, evenly spreading the cooled rhizoma polygonati on each drying net and obtaining the total weight of the rhizoma polygonati.
[0006] S2.2, monitoring the environmental parameters in real time to determine whether the open-air natural drying conditions are met.
[0007] When the set light intensity I, environmental temperature Ta, environmental humidity Ha and wind speed level Vw conditions are met at the same time, the open-air natural drying conditions are met, the top cover is opened, and open-air natural drying is performed; otherwise, the open-air natural drying conditions are not met, the top cover is closed, and the drying module is started to perform drying.
[0008] Meanwhile, the total weight of the rhizoma polygonati is monitored and the moisture content is calculated, and when the moisture content decreases to a set value, the sunning or drying is stopped, wherein when the sunning is in the open air, the solar azimuth A and the solar elevation angle a are obtained in real time, and the horizontal rotation angle β and the vertical turning angle θ of the sunning net are dynamically adjusted according to the corresponding environmental parameters.
[0009] Meanwhile, when the moisture content is greater than or equal to 30%, if the wind speed level is greater than or equal to 2, the windward surface of the sunning net is tilted by a first set angle, and when the moisture content is less than 30% and greater than or equal to 15%, if the wind speed level is less than 2, the leeward surface is switched to and tilted by a second set angle.
[0010] S3, the process of step S2 is repeated 3-9 times for one rhizoma polygonati preparation, and multiple rhizoma polygonati are obtained.
[0011] As an implementation mode of the present application, in step S2.2, when the following conditions are met simultaneously: the open-air sunning condition is met.
[0012] Further, in step S2.2, according to the environmental parameters and the solar azimuth A and the solar elevation angle a at the corresponding time, the horizontal rotation angle β and the vertical turning angle θ of the sunning net are dynamically adjusted according to the following formula: .
[0013] Further, in step S2.2, when drying, the initial drying temperature Tinitial and the initial humidity Hinitial of the drying module are set according to the following formula: .
[0014] As an implementation mode of the present application, in step S2.2, when the ultraviolet intensity Uv is greater than or equal to 200 mu W / cm2, the vertical turning angle θ of the sunning net is adjusted to change the included angle between the surface of the rhizoma polygonati and the incident direction of the ultraviolet rays.
[0015] Further, the inside of the top cover is provided with a light-transmitting heat-preserving inner cover, and an ultraviolet-proof sunshade cloth capable of shielding the outer surface of the inner cover is further arranged between the inner cover and the top cover, and in step S2.2: when , the inner cover is closed for light-shielding heat-preserving natural sunning; when , the inner cover and the sunshade cloth are closed for ultraviolet-proof natural sunning.
[0016] As an implementation mode of the present application, in step S2, the environmental parameters are collected by an environmental sensor array, and the collected data is processed in real time by an edge computing node, and the environmental sensors include an illumination sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor, a wind speed sensor and an ultraviolet sensor.
[0017] Further, the airing and drying integrated house is also provided with a meteorological data receiving module, which accesses public weather service or commercial weather data platform through wired network or wireless communication, and is set to close the top cover before extreme weather comes.
[0018] Further, after each drying is completed, the polysaccharide content P and the water content gradient ∇W of the polygonatum sibiricum on each airing rack are detected by using near-infrared spectroscopy: If P < 14.0%, the steaming time of the next steaming is increased by Δt = min(30, 10(14.5-P)) minutes; If ∇W > 8%, the polygonatum sibiricum on the airing rack is turned over more than 2 times during the drying process of the next drying.
[0019] Further, after each near-infrared spectroscopy detection, the detection results are synchronously uploaded to a cloud server to generate a seasonal optimization curve to guide subsequent production, and the seasonal optimization curve at least contains the best airing time period and drying parameter information of different seasons. The beneficial effects of the present application are that, by combining natural airing with intelligent drying, the cycle is shortened, the loss of heat-sensitive components is reduced, and efficient and high-quality polygonatum sibiricum processing is achieved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0020] In the drawings: Figure 1 It is an internal structure schematic view of the airing and drying integrated house in the embodiment; Figure 2 It is a top view structure schematic view of the airing rack group; Figure 1 Figure 3 It is a structure schematic view of the airing rack; Figure 1 Figure 4 It is a structure schematic view of the airing net support bar in the embodiment; The components represented by the respective reference signs in the drawings are: 1, airing and drying integrated house; 11, top cover; 2, airing rack; 21, support; 22, rotating shaft; 23, airing net; 231, blocking bar; 232, support bar; 24, connecting block; 25, arc-shaped guide rail; 3, weighing platform; 4, horizontal plate; 5, rotating platform; 6, environmental sensor; 7, temperature and humidity sensor probe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0021] The exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0022] EMBODIMENT The polygonatum sibiricum processing method in the embodiment includes the following steps: S1, fresh polygonatum sibiricum is selected and pretreated. Specifically, fresh Huangqi with a volume difference within 15% is selected, and the pretreatment includes cleaning and removing impurities and root hairs, so that after nine steaming and nine drying processes, more uniform Huangqi products can be obtained, and the overall quality is improved.
[0023] S2, the pretreated fresh Huangqi is steamed for the first time, the steaming temperature is 95-100 DEG C, the steaming time is 4-6 hours until the Huangqi section has no white core, then it is cooled, and then it is put into the drying and airing integrated room 1 on the airing field to dry for the first time, and the first Huangqi is obtained. Combined Figure 1 The top of the drying and airing integrated room 1 is provided with a top cover 11 which can be opened and closed, the inside is provided with a drying module and a plurality of airing racks 2, the airing racks 2 are provided with airing nets 23, the top cover 11 is a non-light-transmitting sealing material, when the top cover 11 is closed, a closed drying space is formed in the drying and airing integrated room 1, and the Huangqi on the airing racks 2 can be dried by starting the drying module, when the top cover 11 is opened, the airing nets 23 are exposed to the open air without any shelter, and the Huangqi on the airing nets 23 can be naturally aired in the open air, and the airing nets 23 can rotate.
[0024] The drying step specifically includes: S2.1, the cooled Huangqi is evenly laid on the airing nets 23 on the airing racks 2, and the total weight of the Huangqi is obtained.
[0025] Combined Figure 1 The horizontal ground in the drying and airing integrated room 1 is provided with a weighing platform 3, the horizontal plate 4 is placed above the weighing platform 3, each airing rack 2 is fixed on the horizontal plate 4, a plurality of telescopic cylinders are evenly distributed between the horizontal plate 4 and the ground, the output end upper side of the telescopic cylinder abuts against the lower side of the horizontal plate 4, the telescopic cylinder can make each airing rack 2 extend out of the drying and airing integrated room 1, when weighing, the telescopic cylinder is retracted, the horizontal plate 4 and the airing rack 2 fall on the weighing platform 3, the empty weight of the horizontal plate 4 and the airing rack 2 is measured first, then the Huangqi whose surface fluid moisture has evaporated after steaming and cooling is laid on the airing nets 23 on the airing racks 2, the total weight of the horizontal plate 4, the airing rack 2 and the Huangqi thereon is measured, the difference between the two results is the initial total weight of the Huangqi before drying, during the drying process, the telescopic cylinder is periodically retracted, the current total weight is monitored through the weighing platform 3, and the weight change amount obtained by comparing the current total weight with the initial total weight directly reflects the moisture evaporation of the Huangqi, so that the change of the water content can be accurately judged, the drying time is controlled, and it is ensured that the Huangqi reaches the target water content, when the telescopic cylinder is extended, each airing rack 2 is stably supported, and the normal drying process is ensured, in addition, the telescopic cylinder can be kept in the retracted state in the middle of the drying process (when the water content is less than or equal to 30%) to monitor the total weight of the Huangqi after the middle of the drying process in real time, and the over-drying is avoided.
[0026] This measurement method excludes the interference of surface moisture in the airing stage, making the initial total weight more consistent with the true state of the dried polygonatum, providing an accurate benchmark for subsequent moisture content calculation, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the drying process control.
[0027] S2.2, real-time monitoring of environmental parameters, to determine whether it has open-air natural drying conditions: When the following conditions are met at the same time: When the following conditions are met at the same time: When the following conditions are met at the same time: Among them, I is the light intensity, Ta is the environmental temperature, Ha is the environmental humidity, Vw is the wind speed level; Moisture content = (initial total weight - real-time total weight) / initial total weight x 100%.
[0028] Among them, when open-air natural drying, real-time acquisition of solar azimuth A and solar elevation angle α, according to the corresponding environmental parameters, according to the following formula dynamic adjustment of horizontal rotation angle β and vertical turning angle θ of the drying net 23: ; At the same time, when the moisture content is greater than or equal to 30%, if Vw is greater than or equal to 2, the windward side of the drying net 23 is inclined at a first set angle, for example, 15°; When the moisture content is less than 30% and greater than or equal to 15%, if Vw is less than 2, switch to the leeward side and incline at a second set angle, for example, 5°.
[0029] Combined Figure 3 And Figure 4 An embodiment of the drying rack 2 is illustrated, which includes two oppositely arranged supports 21, and a rotating shaft 22 is transversely connected to the inner side of each support 21. A drying net 23 is transversely arranged between the two rotating shafts 22. The drying net 23 is surrounded by multiple longitudinal and transverse intersecting bars 232 to form multiple ventilation chambers, and the size of the ventilation chambers is smaller than that of the dried polygonatum and can prevent the dried polygonatum from falling. The middle part of the drying net 23 on both sides extends to the outer side and is provided with a connecting block 24. An arc-shaped guide rail 25 is connected to the inner side of each rotating shaft 22. The outer end of each connecting block 24 is drivingly connected to the arc-shaped guide rail 25 to form an arc-shaped rack guide rail mechanism. The two sides of the drying net 23 are detachably connected to the connecting block 24, and the outer ring of the drying net 23 is further provided with a ring-shaped blocking bar 231.
[0030] Wherein, the centers of the two arc-shaped guide rails 25 coincide with the middle part of the drying net 23, and the two connecting blocks 24 can move along the arc-shaped guide rails 25, so as to realize the rotation of the drying net 23, that is, to realize the vertical flip angle adjustment of the drying net 23 (for example Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the direction of rotation around the Y axis), and the thickness of the arc-shaped guide rail 25 is designed to be able to carry the drying net 23 and the rhizoma polygonati on it while minimizing the shielding of the drying net 23. Due to the rotation of the drying net 23 at each angle, only a small part will be temporarily shielded by the arc-shaped guide rail 25, so the impact of this shielding can be ignored.
[0031] The drying net 23 of each drying rack 2 can be driven to rotate by a servo motor separately arranged on the corresponding support 21, or multiple drying racks 2 can be connected in series in the transverse direction, the rotating shafts 22 of the multiple drying racks 2 are connected, and are driven to rotate synchronously by a servo motor, for example Figure 1 As shown in the two drying racks 2 whose rotating shafts 22 are connected and are driven to rotate synchronously by the servo motor on the outer support 21.
[0032] Combined with Figure 2 , on the basis of the above structure, the above-mentioned series-connected drying racks 2 can be set as drying rack groups, and multiple drying rack groups can be arranged side by side on the horizontal plate 4. Each drying rack 2 in each row is located on the same straight line, and a first conveying mechanism can also be arranged corresponding to the lower side of each column of drying racks 2, and a second conveying mechanism can be arranged at the end of each column of drying racks 2. When the drying is completed each time, the rhizoma polygonati on the drying net 23 can be poured on the first conveying mechanism by rotating the drying net 23 by 180 degrees, and then conveyed to the second conveying mechanism by the first conveying mechanism, and a third conveying mechanism can be connected at the end of the second conveying mechanism to convey the rhizoma polygonati to the steaming equipment. At the same time, the steamed rhizoma polygonati can also be conveyed by the conveying mechanisms together with the steaming tray, and only needs to be poured on the drying net 23 and spread evenly next to the corresponding drying rack 2, which can save the step of manual long-distance transportation.
[0033] In addition, the side close to the second conveying mechanism of the first conveying mechanism can be defined as the east, and the side away from the second conveying mechanism can be defined as the west. The dominant wind direction under normal circumstances is the east wind in the morning and the west wind in the afternoon, so the inclination angle adjustment of the windward surface and the leeward surface of the two drying nets 23 driven to rotate synchronously by rotating the rotating shaft 22 can be adjusted (for example Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the direction of rotation around the X axis).
[0034] A rotating platform 5 (see Figure 1), the middle part of the rotating platform 5 is provided with a notch for arranging the weighing platform 3, and the lower fixed end of each telescopic cylinder is fixed on the rotating platform 5; in use, the rotating platform 5 rotates to drive each drying rack 2 on the upper side to rotate synchronously, so as to realize synchronous horizontal rotation angle adjustment of each drying net 23.
[0035] The initial drying temperature T 初始 and initial humidity H 初始 of the drying module during drying are set according to the following formula: .
[0036] S3, the steaming and drying process of step S2 is repeated for 3-9 times to obtain multiple prepared rhizoma polygonati.
[0037] In the above processing steps of rhizoma polygonati, the settings of each parameter are obtained according to specific tests, specifically: In step S2.2, the open-air natural drying condition is set according to four core factors affecting the period and effective components in the natural environment: light intensity, environmental temperature, environmental humidity and wind speed, and the mechanism and quantitative relationship are as follows: Light intensity: 45000 lux-60000 lux, ultraviolet rays in this range can achieve more than 90% sterilization rate, which can reduce the damage of microorganisms to effective components, and light intensity greater than 60000 lux will lead to oxidation and decomposition of saponin components in rhizoma polygonati, and weak light of 45000 lux will cause the risk of decreased drying efficiency and even mildew.
[0038] Environmental temperature: 15℃-30℃, this range is the optimal interval of invertase activity in rhizoma polygonati, which can promote the synthesis and transformation of polysaccharide, saponin and other effective components, and higher than 30℃ will lead to degradation of heat-sensitive components, and the polysaccharide loss rate can reach 15%-20%, and lower than 15℃ will slow down the evaporation of water, increase the probability of mildew, and the incidence can reach 8%-12%.
[0039] Environmental humidity: 45%-55%, this humidity interval can make the water evaporation rate of rhizoma polygonati moderate, avoid the solidification of effective components due to too fast drying, or mildew due to too slow drying.
[0040] Wind speed: 1-3 (Puff wind power level), moderate wind can speed up the air circulation on the surface and shorten the drying time, and wind greater than 3 is easy to cause surface cracking and carry away volatile components, and less than 1 is not enough air circulation, which will prolong the drying period, where 1 corresponds to soft wind, the wind speed is 0.3-1.5 m / s; 2 corresponds to light wind, the wind speed is 1.6-3.3 m / s; 3 corresponds to breeze, the wind speed is 3.4-5.4 m / s.
[0041] The embodiment also calculates the drying rate v and the polysaccharide retention rate p of the rhizoma polygonati according to the environmental parameters with the open-air natural drying conditions by the following formula: wherein k is a characteristic constant of rhizoma polygonati (the value is usually 0.8-1.2, which is determined by the cell structure of rhizoma polygonati itself), P0 is the theoretical maximum retention rate (95%), a is a temperature damage coefficient (0.01-0.03), b is a light intensity damage coefficient (0.01-0.03), and c is a wind speed damage coefficient (0.01-0.03).
[0042] In step S2.2, the solar azimuth and the solar elevation angle are key parameters affecting the open-air natural drying effect of rhizoma polygonati, which affect the light intensity, the heating uniformity and the water evaporation efficiency of rhizoma polygonati from different dimensions, and the specific effects are as follows: The solar azimuth is the angle between the projection of the sun on the horizontal plane and the south direction (east is negative and west is positive), which mainly affects the horizontal uniformity of light received by rhizoma polygonati. First, the change of the azimuth angle leads to the deviation of the light direction. With the rising of the sun in the east and the setting of the sun in the west, the azimuth angle gradually changes from the negative value in the morning (east) to zero in the noon (south), and then to the positive value in the evening (west). If the drying rack 2 is not adjusted with the azimuth angle, the rhizoma polygonati will appear local shadow due to the deviation of the light direction, resulting in uneven light received by the rhizoma polygonati on the same drying rack 2, that is, the east rhizoma polygonati is sufficient in the morning, the west rhizoma polygonati is sufficient in the afternoon, and the middle region may be in weak light state for a long time due to the shielding, causing the difference in the drying rate, which can reach 20% to 30%, and further causing the moisture content gradient to exceed the standard.
[0043] The solar elevation angle is the angle between the sunlight and the ground, which is close to zero at sunrise and sunset and reaches the maximum at noon. It mainly affects the vertical intensity and energy density of the received light by the rhizoma polygonati. First, the larger the elevation angle, the shorter the path of the sunlight through the atmosphere, the less the light intensity attenuation, and the higher the radiation energy received by the rhizoma polygonati per unit area. For example, the light intensity at an elevation angle of 80 degrees at noon is three to four times that at an elevation angle of 10 degrees at sunrise. If the vertical flip angle of the drying rack 2 is not adjusted according to the elevation angle, when the elevation angle is small, such as 20 degrees in the morning, the angle between the rhizoma polygonati surface and the light is too small, which will increase the proportion of reflected light, and the actual absorbed light intensity is insufficient, resulting in a decrease in drying efficiency. When the elevation angle is large, if the vertical flip angle is not adjusted to reduce direct sunlight, the strong light will cause the surface temperature of the rhizoma polygonati to rise rapidly, for example, to more than 35 degrees Celsius, which will cause the degradation of heat-sensitive components such as polysaccharides and saponins, and the loss rate will increase by about 5% to 8%. Second, in the morning or evening when the elevation angle is small, the oblique incidence of light makes the rhizoma polygonati surface have a large heating area but the energy is dispersed, and the water evaporation is gentle, which is not easy to cause surface cracking. At noon when the elevation angle is large, the light is nearly perpendicular, and the energy is concentrated on the surface of the rhizoma polygonati. If the angle is not adjusted, it will cause the surface water to evaporate rapidly and form a hard shell, which will hinder the diffusion of internal water (“dry outside and wet inside” phenomenon), and the drying period will be prolonged by about one to two hours.
[0044] Therefore, by obtaining the solar azimuth angle and the solar elevation angle in real time and dynamically adjusting the horizontal rotation angle and the vertical flip angle of the drying rack 2, the rhizoma polygonati light receiving surface can always maintain the optimal angle with the sunlight, the horizontal rotation angle can accurately match the solar azimuth, and the local shadow caused by the deviation of the light direction can be reduced, thereby improving the uniformity of the rhizoma polygonati light receiving in each area. The vertical flip angle is adjusted adaptively according to the solar elevation angle, which can avoid the degradation of heat-sensitive components such as saponins and polysaccharides caused by direct sunlight, and maximize the utilization rate of natural light.
[0045] There are two ways to obtain the solar azimuth angle and the solar elevation angle, one is mapping table derivation, and the other is sensor monitoring. The mapping table derivation is based on the latitude and longitude of the drying and drying integrated house 1, and the solar azimuth angle and the elevation angle are pre-calculated every 5 minutes (or every quarter) throughout the year by a solar position algorithm to form a mapping table. When outdoor natural drying is performed, the system reads the current time (accurate to the minute) and calls the corresponding solar azimuth angle and elevation angle from the mapping table. The sensor monitoring is to collect the solar azimuth angle and the elevation angle in real time by a solar tracking sensor (such as a two-axis photoelectric sensor) installed on the top of the drying and drying integrated house 1. The data is processed by an edge computing node and directly used for angle adjustment. In actual use, the two obtaining methods can also be switched.
[0046] It can be understood that the drying net 23 in the present application has a certain friction, which can provide a certain adhesion for the polygonatum, and prevent it from easily sliding. Special texture design or material can be used to further increase the friction between the polygonatum, that is, even if the drying net 23 is inclined, the polygonatum can be stably placed on the drying net 23, for example, rough plastic material or metal material with grid texture is used to enhance the friction of the polygonatum; and the horizontal rotation of the drying rack 2 only generates centrifugal force, which can be calculated by the following formula: Fc=mω²r (m is the mass of the polygonatum, ω is the angular velocity of rotation, and r is the rotation half), and the downward force of vertical overturning can be calculated by the following formula: Fs=mgsinθ, in specific use, the horizontal rotation speed is reasonably selected to make the centrifugal force less than the maximum static friction of the drying net 23, and the vertical overturning angle is reasonably selected to make the component force of the gravity of the polygonatum along the surface of the drying net 23 less than the sliding friction between the drying net 23 and the polygonatum, so that the polygonatum will not have the risk of sliding, and under normal circumstances, the horizontal rotation speed is not more than 0.5 rad / s, the vertical overturning angle is not more than thirty-five degrees, and the overturning speed is not more than eight degrees per second.
[0047] In addition, during the drying process, the orientation of the drying rack 2 is also dynamically adjusted in combination with the water content and the wind speed. The water content in the early to middle drying period is larger than that in the middle to late drying period, for example, based on the average data of three repeated tests, the water content in the early to middle drying period is 30%-65%, when the wind speed is greater than or equal to two levels, the windward surface of the drying rack 2 is inclined by fifteen degrees based on the real-time wind direction, and the strong wind force is used to accelerate the evaporation of water; the water content in the middle to late drying period is 15%-30%, when the wind speed is less than two levels, the leeward surface is switched simultaneously according to the wind direction and is inclined by five degrees, the direct impact of airflow is reduced, the rapid evaporation of water is avoided to cause the surface of the polygonatum to crack, and the drying efficiency is ensured.
[0048] Therefore, step S2.2 cooperates with the wind force through light tracking, and the polygonatum can efficiently and uniformly receive natural light and wind force in different periods, which shortens the drying period (compared with fixed angle drying, the drying period can be shortened by 15%-20% under normal circumstances), and guarantees the retention of effective components, so that the drying efficiency and quality stability are improved.
[0049] In some embodiments, under normal circumstances, the light intensity and the ultraviolet intensity are proportional to each other during open-air natural drying, under special circumstances, for example, the following test: the light intensity of highland sunny day and plain cloudy weather in plateau area is about 40000 lux, but the ultraviolet intensity of highland sunny day is 400 μW / cm², and the ultraviolet intensity of plain cloudy weather is only 90 μW / cm², after the same drying for 6 hours, the saponin loss rate of polygonatum in plain cloudy weather is 5.1%, and the saponin loss rate of polygonatum in highland sunny day is 18.7%, it can be seen that under the same light intensity, the saponin loss rate in the plateau area is 3.7 times that in the plain due to the higher ultraviolet intensity.
[0050] Based on this, in step S2.2, when the ultraviolet intensity Uv≥200μW / cm², the angle between the surface of the polygonatum and the direction of the incident ultraviolet light also needs to be changed by adjusting the vertical overturning angle θ (such as tilting the net 23 to the direction of the sun by 5°-10°), specifically, the vertical overturning angle θ of the drying rack 2 is dynamically adjusted according to the following formula: Wherein, Δθuv is the angle correction value θ; When , Δθuv=+3°; When , Δθuv=+5°; When Uv>400μW / cm², Δθuv=+8°.
[0051] The ultraviolet light changes from "direct" to "oblique", at this time, the ultraviolet energy received by the polygonatum per unit area decreases with the increase of the incident angle, thereby reducing the oxidation damage of the ultraviolet light to the heat-sensitive components such as polysaccharides and saponins in the polygonatum.
[0052] At the same time, the adjustment of the vertical overturning angle can also be combined with the sunshade cloth (such as partial shielding) to further reduce the ultraviolet radiation intensity, while ensuring the natural drying efficiency, and realizing the protection of the effective components of the polygonatum.
[0053] For example, in one test, the solar elevation angle α=45°, the illumination intensity I=50000lux, the original θ=90°-45°+5°=50°, and the measured ultraviolet intensity is 250μW / cm², then the adjusted θ=90°-45°+5°+3°=53°, which increases the angle between the surface of the polygonatum and the direction of the ultraviolet irradiation, thereby reducing the damage of the ultraviolet light to the polygonatum.
[0054] In some embodiments, the inside of the top cover 11 is also provided with a light-transmitting heat-preserving inner cover, and an anti-ultraviolet sunshade cloth capable of shielding the outer surface of the inner cover is further provided between the inner cover and the top cover 11, in step S2.2: When , the light-transmitting heat-preserving inner cover is closed (the drying rack 2 is located in the drying and drying integrated house 1), and the light-transmitting heat-preserving natural drying is carried out, the light transmission rate of the light-transmitting heat-preserving inner cover is not less than 85%, which can ensure that the surface light intensity of the net 23 is not less than 40000lux, and at the same time, the heat preservation can maintain the internal temperature 3-5℃ higher than the outside temperature, through the use of the effective illumination retained by the light-transmitting property of the inner cover, the basic requirement of the polygonatum drying on light intensity can be met, and at the same time, through the heat preservation, the influence of the low temperature environment on the drying efficiency is reduced, so that the temperature inside the inner cover is higher than the outside, avoiding the drying stagnation caused by low temperature and high humidity; When When the sun is strong, the inner cover and the anti-ultraviolet sunshade cloth are closed for natural drying against ultraviolet light (the drying and airing integrated house 1 is located in the airing rack 2), the sunshade cloth blocks excessive strong light, so that the intensity of the light entering is reduced to a suitable range and more than 90% of ultraviolet light is blocked, preventing the oxidation and degradation of saponins, polysaccharides and other components due to strong light and ultraviolet, and the inner cover maintains the internal humidity, avoiding the surface cracking of the polygonatum due to low humidity.
[0055] The inner cover is responsible for "non-open-air natural drying" by realizing light transmission when it is closed, retaining effective light, and the top cover 11 is responsible for providing sealed protection in pure drying or extreme weather, avoiding external environmental interference, while ensuring that the drying module can accurately control the internal temperature and humidity. The collaborative design of the inner cover and the top cover 11 realizes seamless switching between "natural drying and drying".
[0056] At the same time, through the combination of light-transmitting heat-preservation inner cover and anti-ultraviolet sunshade cloth, under non-ideal natural conditions such as weak light and low temperature, strong light and high temperature, natural light can still be used in a screening manner, retaining suitable light and temperature to maintain the efficiency and component protection advantages of natural drying, and avoiding the negative effects of extreme environments through shading and heat preservation, realizing the expansion of the natural drying scene. Through experiments, compared with the traditional completely open-air or pure drying method, the drying period of polygonatum is further shortened, and the retention rate of effective components is further improved.
[0057] In step S2, the environmental parameters are collected by the array of environmental sensors 6, which includes light sensors, temperature and humidity sensors, wind speed sensors and ultraviolet sensors; the environmental sensors 6 are arranged on the top of the drying and airing integrated house 1 on one side of the drying field, without any obstruction throughout the process. The collected data is processed in real time by the edge computing node and transmitted wirelessly to the control system, providing accurate basis for the judgment of natural drying conditions.
[0058] The meteorological data receiving module is arranged on the outer wall of the drying and airing integrated house 1, which accesses public meteorological service or commercial meteorological data platform through wired network or wireless communication, and is set to close the top cover 11 before extreme weather arrives, such as rainstorm with rainfall of not less than 20mm per hour and gale with wind speed grade greater than six, to avoid polygonatum from being damp and mildewed due to interruption of airing, ensure continuous and stable drying process, and minimize the influence of extreme weather on the drying quality and efficiency of polygonatum.
[0059] Meanwhile, a plurality of independent temperature and humidity sensor probes 7 are also arranged inside the airing and drying integrated room 1, each temperature and humidity sensor probe 7 has the same accuracy as the array of environmental sensors 6, and at least one temperature and humidity sensor probe 7 is arranged at 30 cm from the top of each airing rack 2, when the inner cover is closed or the inner cover and sunshade cloth are closed for natural airing, the probe monitors the local temperature and humidity in the airing and drying integrated room 1 in real time, is closer to the surface of the rhizoma polygonati than the environmental sensor 6, reflects the real micro environment, and a mapping rule of the indoor temperature when the inner cover is closed or the inner cover and sunshade cloth are closed for natural airing and the opening size of the inner cover is established, the edge computing node calls the preset temperature (for example, the temperature at which the room temperature is monitored to be higher than 35℃, which will cause the degradation of some components of rhizoma polygonati) and the corresponding opening size of the inner cover (5cm-10cm gap) mapping rule, automatically sends instructions to the inner cover driving mechanism (such as an electric push rod), adjusts the opening angle of the inner cover, introduces external airflow to reduce the temperature to below 30℃, and if the humidity in the room is lower than 40% which may cause the surface to crack, the drying module (with an ultrasonic humidifier, which has temperature control and humidifying functions) of the airing and drying integrated room 1 starts the humidifying program to increase the humidity to an appropriate range of 45%-55%, so as to form a "environment-micro environment" double-layer monitoring network through the array of environmental sensors 6 (monitoring the macro environment) and the temperature and humidity sensor probes 7 above the airing racks 2 (monitoring the local micro environment), and the real-time data processing and rule execution capability of the edge computing node, which not only ensures the accuracy of the natural airing condition judgment, but also accurately regulates the local temperature and humidity in a closed or semi-closed state, avoids drying defects (such as high-temperature component loss and low-humidity surface hardening) caused by abnormal small environment in the airing and drying integrated room 1, and improves the uniformity and effective component retention rate of rhizoma polygonati drying.
[0060] In this embodiment, based on the daily change of environmental parameters throughout the year in Beijing, the conditions unsuitable for natural airing are basically concentrated in the night from 19:00 to 6:00 the next day, therefore, the period from 19:00 to 6:00 of each day throughout the year is directly defined as the night period, and the rest of the time is defined as the day period, and all the night periods are dried by the drying module.
[0061] The drying mode of the drying module is gradient drying, which includes hot air drying, microwave drying and vacuum drying in sequence, specifically, when the moisture content is ≥25%, hot air drying is adopted: temperature 40-45℃, wind speed 0.8m / s, lasting for 2 hours; when the moisture content ∈[15%, 25%), microwave drying is switched: power 200-250W, intermittent operation (30 minutes working + 5 minutes pausing); when the moisture content <15%, vacuum drying is adopted: pressure 0.08MPa, temperature 50℃, lasting for 1 hour.
[0062] The drying in the daytime is intermittent drying, 5 minutes of pause per 30 minutes of drying, the upper limit of the microwave auxiliary power of the microwave drying is 250 W, and the temperature of the rhizoma polygonati is monitored during the 5 minutes of pause, which can be monitored according to the temperature and humidity sensor probe 7, and the microwave output is automatically cut off when the local temperature is greater than 52 DEG C.
[0063] After each drying is completed, the polysaccharide content P and the moisture content gradient ∇W of the rhizoma polygonati on each airing rack 2 are detected by near-infrared spectroscopy: if P < 14.0%, the steaming time of the next steaming is increased by Δt = min (30, 10 (14.5-P)) minutes, and if ∇W > 8%, the rhizoma polygonati on the airing rack 2 is turned over more than twice during the drying process of the next drying.
[0064] Wherein ∇W = (the highest moisture content on the same airing rack 2-the lowest moisture content) / average moisture content x 100%.
[0065] The application also synchronously uploads the detection results to a cloud server after each near-infrared spectroscopy detection, generates a seasonal optimization curve to guide subsequent production, and the seasonal optimization curve at least contains the best airing time period and drying parameter information of different seasons.
[0066] For example, in spring: the best airing time period is 8:00-14:00 (I = 45000 lux-50000 lux), and the initial drying temperature is 40 DEG C; in summer: the best airing time period is 6:00-10:00 (I = 50000 lux-55000 lux), and the sunshade cloth needs to be opened to block the strong light at noon; in autumn: the initial humidity of drying is set to 35% (because the air is dry); in winter: the angle correction value of the airing rack 2 is increased by 5 DEG (because the solar elevation angle is low).
[0067] The application fully utilizes the natural conditions for airing by the above rhizoma polygonati processing steps and the comprehensive adjustment of various parameters during the natural drying of rhizoma polygonati, and combines with the drying technology, especially solves the influence of extreme weather and night environment change on the reasonable adjustment of the drying method, not only can shorten the drying period of rhizoma polygonati, but also can avoid the loss of effective components of rhizoma polygonati, and make the rhizoma polygonati dry uniformly, so as to obtain high-quality rhizoma polygonati, in addition, the economic resources consumed by the combination of natural airing and drying are far less than the economic resources consumed by pure drying.
Claims
1. A processing method of Rhizoma Polygonati, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1, selecting fresh polygonatum, and pretreating; S2, the pretreated fresh polygonatum is steamed for the first time, and after steaming and cooling, it is dried for the first time in the drying and airing integrated room (1) on the airing field to obtain the first dried polygonatum; The top of the drying and airing integrated room (1) is provided with an openable top cover (11), and the inside is provided with a drying module and a plurality of airing racks (2), the airing racks (2) are provided with airing nets (23), when the top cover (11) is closed, the inside of the drying and airing integrated room (1) forms a closed drying space, when the top cover (11) is opened, the airing nets (23) are exposed to the open air without shelter, and the airing nets (23) are further arranged to be rotatable. The drying step specifically comprises: S2.1, evenly spreading the cooled polygonatum on each airing net (23), and obtaining the initial total weight of the polygonatum; S2.2, real-time monitoring of environmental parameters to determine whether the open-air natural airing condition is met; When the set light intensity I, environmental temperature Ta, environmental humidity Ha and wind speed level Vw conditions are met at the same time, the open-air natural airing condition is met, the top cover (11) is opened, and the open-air natural airing is carried out; Otherwise, the open-air natural airing condition is not met, the top cover (11) is closed, the drying module is started, and drying is carried out; Meanwhile, the total weight of the polygonatum is monitored and the moisture content is calculated, when the moisture content decreases to the set value, the airing or drying is stopped; Wherein, when the open-air natural airing, the solar azimuth A and the solar elevation angle a are obtained in real time, the horizontal rotation angle β and the vertical rotation angle θ of the airing net (23) are dynamically adjusted according to the corresponding environmental parameters; Meanwhile, when the moisture content is greater than or equal to 30%, if the wind speed level is greater than or equal to 2, the windward side of the airing net (23) is inclined at a first set angle; When the moisture content is less than 30% and greater than or equal to 15%, if the wind speed level is less than 2, the leeward side is switched to and inclined at a second set angle; S3, repeating the process of step S2 for 3-9 times on the first dried polygonatum to obtain a plurality of dried polygonatum.
2. The processing method of rhizoma polygonati according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2.2, when the following conditions are met simultaneously: The open-air natural airing condition is met.
3. The processing method of rhizoma polygonati according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S2.2, according to the environmental parameters and the solar azimuth A and the solar elevation angle a at the corresponding time, the horizontal rotation angle β and the vertical rotation angle θ of the airing net (23) are dynamically adjusted according to the following formula: 。 4. The processing method of Polygonatum according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S2.2, the drying initial temperature T 初始 and the initial humidity H 初始 of the drying module are set according to the following formula: 。 5. The processing method of Polygonatum according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2.2, when the ultraviolet intensity Uv is greater than or equal to 200 μW / cm², the vertical rotation angle θ of the airing net (23) is adjusted to change the included angle between the surface of the polygonatum and the incident direction of the ultraviolet rays.
6. The processing method of Polygonatum according to claim 2, characterized in that, The inside of the top cover (11) is provided with a light-transmitting heat-insulating inner cover, and an anti-ultraviolet sunshade cloth is further arranged between the inner cover and the top cover (11) to shield the outer surface of the inner cover. When the inner cover is closed to shield light and keep warm for natural drying. When the inner cover and the sunshade cloth are closed, the natural sunning is prevented from ultraviolet rays.
7. The method for processing Polygonatum sibiricum as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the environmental parameters are collected by an array of environmental sensors (6), and the collected data is processed in real time by an edge computing node, the environmental sensors (6) include an illumination sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor, a wind speed sensor and an ultraviolet sensor.
8. A method for processing Polygonatum sibiricum as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The drying and airing integrated room (1) is further provided with a weather data receiving module, which accesses a public weather service or a commercial weather data platform through a wired network or wireless communication, and sets to close the top cover (11) before extreme weather comes.
9. The processing method of rhizoma polygonati according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, After each drying is completed, the polysaccharide content P and the water content gradient ∇W of the rhizoma polygonati on each airing rack (2) are detected by near-infrared spectroscopy: If P < 14.0%, the steaming time of the next steaming is increased by Δt = min(30, 10(14.5-P)) minutes; If ∇W > 8%, the rhizoma polygonati on the airing rack (2) is turned over more than twice during the drying process of the next drying.
10. The processing method of Polygonatum according to claim 9, characterized in that, After each near-infrared spectroscopy detection, the detection results are synchronously uploaded to a cloud server to generate a seasonal optimization curve to guide subsequent production, and the seasonal optimization curve at least includes the best airing period and drying parameter information of different seasons.