Method for estimating angle of arrival based on zero scanning leaky-wave antenna

Abstract

The invention provides an arrival wave angle estimation method based on a zero scanning leaky-wave antenna. A rectangular waveguide is selected as a basic structure to design a periodic leaky-wave antenna only working in a-1 harmonic state; designing necessary antenna simulation parameters; a first leaky-wave antenna is designed; adjusting the gap interval p, and designing a second leaky-wave antenna; obtaining pattern functions of the first leaky-wave antenna and the second leaky-wave antenna; proper amplitude and phase parameters are selected for directional diagram synthesis, and a new directional diagram function is obtained; constructing an array guiding matrix suitable for the MUSIC algorithm; signal sources are arranged at different positions, simulation testing is carried out through MATLAB, and the incoming wave angle estimation capability of the zero-point scanning leaky-wave antenna is verified. According to the invention, a feasible technical path is provided for high-precision positioning and tracking application in future 6G mobile communication. The antenna is especially suitable for application in millimeter wave and terahertz frequency bands, such as vehicle-mounted communication, unmanned aerial vehicle platforms, military electronic countermeasures and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of direction of arrival (DoA) estimation technology, and in particular to a method for estimating the angle of arrival based on a zero-scanning leaky wave antenna, belonging to the field of antenna array and wireless communication positioning technology. Background Technology

[0002] In modern wireless communication, radar detection, and intelligent sensing, accurate estimation of the direction of arrival (DoA) is a crucial technology, directly impacting beam pointing optimization, target localization accuracy, and real-time environmental perception. Existing DoA estimation systems primarily rely on multi-antenna arrays and multi-channel RF receivers. They infer the signal's angle of arrival by leveraging amplitude or phase differences between antenna elements within the array, combined with high-resolution subspace algorithms such as MUSIC and ESPRIT. This technology has been widely applied in scenarios where hardware resources and size are less critical, such as base stations and long-range radar systems. However, such systems often require numerous antenna elements and corresponding RF links, resulting in bulky structures, high costs, and increased complexity in system calibration and synchronization. Therefore, while large-scale arrays can achieve extremely high direction-finding accuracy, their size and power consumption are insufficient to meet the miniaturization requirements of terminal devices, UAV platforms, and even portable detection equipment.

[0003] To overcome the cost and complexity issues associated with array architectures, academia and engineering have proposed direction estimation methods based on leaky-wave antennas (LWAs). LWAs, leveraging their unique frequency-space mapping characteristics, can naturally generate main beams at different angles at different frequencies. By analyzing the received signal spectrum, the signal incident direction can be directly obtained without the need for complex array back-end processing. This characteristic makes LWAs a promising candidate for low-cost DoA estimation in the millimeter-wave band. However, conventional LWAs have high frequency scan rates, often requiring extremely wide operating bandwidth to cover a wide field of view (FoV). In typical communication applications, achieving 100° or even 180° angle scanning requires bandwidth far exceeding the available channel bandwidth of the communication system, severely limiting practical deployment. To address this deficiency, researchers have proposed solutions such as multi-port LWA receiver systems, reconfigurable LWA structures, and multi-beam LWAs, attempting to extend the scanning range within limited bandwidth. However, while these methods improve applicability, they inevitably introduce additional hardware costs and system complexity, which runs counter to the design goals of low cost and compactness.

[0004] Against this backdrop, the Null-Scanning Leaky-Wave Antenna (NSLWA) offers a novel approach to Direction of Area (DoA) estimation. Unlike traditional methods that rely on the peak value of the main lobe, NSLWA utilizes the radiation null to perform angle measurements. Since the change in the power spectrum at the null point is much steeper than at the peak, any slight frequency shift will lead to a significant power difference. Therefore, NSLWA outperforms traditional peak-based methods in terms of angular resolution and direction estimation accuracy. This "null-scanning" mechanism not only improves the system's direction-finding sensitivity but also significantly reduces the dependence on narrow beams and large aperture antennas. In other words, even under compact structures and limited aperture conditions, NSLWA can achieve or even surpass the direction estimation performance of traditional LWA, thus demonstrating significant advantages in miniaturized and low-cost applications.

[0005] From an application perspective, NSLWA demonstrates broad prospects across multiple fields. In automotive millimeter-wave radar and intelligent transportation systems, NSLWA can improve the accuracy of multi-target detection and complex environment perception through high-resolution zero-point scanning, contributing to autonomous driving safety. In drones and satellite communications, NSLWA's miniaturization and high precision advantages enable platforms to achieve rapid link alignment and stable communication connections. In electronic countermeasures and signals intelligence systems, the deep zero-point characteristic endows NSLWA with strong anti-jamming and anti-spoofing capabilities, enabling rapid identification of enemy radiation source directions in noisy environments. In emerging IoT and 6G communication scenarios, NSLWA can provide terminal devices with low-power, low-complexity positioning and spectrum monitoring solutions. Therefore, NSLWA not only complements the functions of traditional LWA but also holds the potential to become a core supporting technology for next-generation high-performance direction estimation and positioning systems.

[0006] Of course, NSLWA still faces certain challenges in engineering applications. Its null depth gradually decays as the frequency deviates from the design point, limiting performance stability over a wide frequency range; its feed network needs to simultaneously meet the dual requirements of phase compensation and power distribution, resulting in complex design and additional losses; furthermore, manufacturing process errors and environmental factors can also lead to null shift and performance degradation. To address these issues, future improvements may include: developing broadband or adaptive phase compensation techniques to ensure null stability over a wide frequency range; introducing intelligent beam control and digital predistortion methods to reduce the impact of physical structural imperfections; and employing novel low-loss dielectrics and reconfigurable radiating elements to further reduce feed network losses and enhance robustness to manufacturing errors. Through these improvements, NSLWA is expected to bridge the gap between theoretical innovation and engineering practice, becoming a key technology for high-precision direction finding and positioning in the millimeter-wave and even terahertz bands.

[0007] In summary, existing DoA estimation techniques generally suffer from problems such as hardware complexity, high bandwidth requirements, and insufficient anti-interference performance. Zero-scanning leaky-wave antennas, with their simple structure, controllable cost, high zero-scanning sensitivity, and strong anti-interference capabilities, provide a novel approach for building a new generation of high-resolution, low-complexity DoA estimation systems. Their unique working mechanism and broad application prospects make them extremely valuable for engineering applications and have significant industrialization potential in future wireless communication, radar detection, and intelligent sensing. Summary of the Invention

[0008] Technical Problem: This invention addresses the shortcomings of existing DoA estimation systems, such as high hardware complexity, excessive bandwidth requirements, and limited anti-interference capabilities. It proposes a compact, low-cost, and high-resolution DoA estimation method based on a zero-scanning leaky wave antenna, thereby achieving high-precision and low-complexity DoA estimation and positioning in millimeter-wave and higher frequency bands.

[0009] Technical solution: The present invention provides a method for estimating the angle of arrival based on a zero-scanning leaky wave antenna, comprising the following steps: Step 1. Select a rectangular waveguide as the basic structure to design a periodic leaky wave antenna that only operates in the -1st harmonic state; Step 2. Based on the constraint of the -1st harmonic, design the necessary antenna simulation parameters; design the first leaky antenna; Step 3. Based on the first leaky antenna designed in Step 2, adjust the slot spacing. p The second leaky antenna was designed; the radiation pattern functions of the first and second leaky antennas were obtained. Step 4. Based on the radiation pattern functions of the first and second leaky antennas obtained in Step 3, select appropriate amplitude and phase parameters to synthesize the radiation pattern and obtain a new radiation pattern function; Step 5. Based on the new pattern function obtained in Step 4, construct the array steering matrix suitable for the MUSIC algorithm; Step 6. Based on the array steering matrix obtained in Step 5, set up signal sources at different positions and conduct simulation tests using MATLAB to verify the arrival angle estimation capability of the zero-scanning leaky wave antenna.

[0010] in, In step 1, the periodic leaky antenna that operates only in the -1st harmonic state simultaneously meets the requirements of forward scanning and backward scanning.

[0011] The necessary antenna simulation parameters mentioned in step 2 are specifically: maximum operating frequency. f max Minimum operating frequency f min Center frequencyf 0. Waveguide width L wg Total length of leaky antenna L LWA Gap spacing p Cutoff frequency f c Relative permittivity of the dielectric filling the waveguide e r .

[0012] Step 3 specifically involves changing the slot spacing of the first leaky antenna, which has already been designed, in MATLAB. p A second leaky antenna with a scanning angle range close to that used for synthesizing nulls was designed.

[0013] Step 4 involves selecting appropriate amplitude and phase parameters for pattern synthesis, specifically as follows: Given the radiation pattern function of the first leaky antenna, denoted as... F 1 ( θ, f The pattern function of the second leaky antenna is denoted as... F 2 ( θ, f ), F ( θ, f The expression for ) is as follows: ; in i The angle of the beam pointing. f The frequency corresponding to this angle, L LWA The total length of the leaky antenna, subscript m Indicates the order of the leaky antennas. f Cumulative phase mismatch ,f The expression is as follows: , α The leakage constant describes the intensity of energy gradually leaking outward from the antenna. k 0 is the free space wavenumber. β m It is the phase constant propagating along the waveguide direction, belonging to the first... m A leaky antenna operating in the -1st harmonic state is defined as follows in both the first and second leaky antenna cases: , , β 1 Let be the phase constant of the leaky antenna 1 propagating along the waveguide direction. β 2Let be the phase constant of the leaky antenna 2 propagating along the waveguide direction. β 0 The fundamental propagation constant; p 1 The periodic interval distance of the leaky wave antenna 1, p 2 The periodic interval distance of the leaky antenna 2 is... The expression for pattern composition is defined as: , r These are the complex weights used during synthesis to represent the amplitude ratio and phase difference between the two channels. A ( θ, f () is the angle of the antenna. i ,frequency f The overall radiation pattern below, i.e., the far-field amplitude.

[0014] Step 5: Construct the array steering matrix suitable for the MUSIC algorithm; , Where, a ( i () is the array steering vector, which contains the radiation pattern response at multiple frequency points. M This indicates the number of frequency points. Once constructed, it can be tested using MATLAB with single or multiple signal sources, accurately estimating the incident angle of the signal in a multipath environment.

[0015] Step 6 describes setting up signal sources at different locations and conducting simulation tests using MATLAB to verify the system's signal direction of arrival (DoA) estimation capability.

[0016] The simulation test was conducted in MATLAB using the arrival angle estimation based on the zero-scanning leaky antenna to obtain the autocorrelation matrix of the received signal, and then the arrival angle estimation result was obtained through eigenvalue decomposition and spectral peak search.

[0017] The verification process involves comparing the wave angle estimation results with the degree of deviation of the set signal source position to verify the system's ability to estimate the wave angle based on the signal arrival direction.

[0018] Beneficial effects: Combining the zero-scan leaky wave antenna (NSLWA) with the classic subspace-based high-resolution algorithm MUSIC can fully leverage the complementary advantages of the two at the hardware and algorithm levels.

[0019] First, NSLWA itself possesses a radiation null that naturally scans with frequency, and its power spectrum responds more sharply to angle changes than the main lobe peak, significantly enhancing the sensitivity and resolution of direction estimation at the physical level. Meanwhile, the MUSIC algorithm, through the separation of signal and noise subspaces, can accurately estimate the angle of arrival in multiple directions in multipath environments or when multiple signals are incident simultaneously. The combination of these two technologies provides NSLWA with a low-cost, compact hardware platform, drastically reducing the number of RF channels required by traditional multi-antenna arrays; simultaneously, the MUSIC algorithm overcomes the ambiguity that may exist with a single null scan in multi-target situations, achieving high-precision, unambiguous direction estimation for multiple incident signals.

[0020] Furthermore, compared with the traditional array-MUSIC algorithm architecture, this "NSLWA + MUSIC" solution reduces system complexity and size while ensuring high-resolution direction finding capabilities in high-frequency bands such as millimeter waves and terahertz, making it particularly suitable for applications in vehicle-mounted communications, UAV platforms, portable detection terminals, and military electronic warfare scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the NSLWA antenna radiation pattern.

[0022] Figure 2 This is the heatmap of the radiation pattern function of leaky wave antenna 1.

[0023] Figure 3 It is a heatmap of the radiation pattern function of the leaky wave antenna 2.

[0024] Figure 4 It is the heatmap of the overall direction pattern function after synthesis.

[0025] Figure 5 This is a test image of the NSLWA-MUSIC algorithm under a single information source.

[0026] Figure 6 This is a test image of the NSLWA-MUSIC algorithm under multiple information sources.

[0027] Figure 7 It is a flowchart of the invention implementation process. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0029] The method for estimating the angle of arrival based on a zero-scanning leaky wave antenna proposed in this invention includes the following steps: Step 1. Select a rectangular waveguide as the basic structure to design a periodic leaky wave antenna that only operates in the -1st harmonic state; Step 2. Based on the constraint of the -1st harmonic, design the necessary antenna simulation parameters; design the first leaky antenna; Step 3. Based on the first leaky antenna designed in Step 2, adjust the slot spacing. p The second leaky antenna was designed; the radiation pattern functions of the first and second leaky antennas were obtained. Step 4. Based on the radiation pattern functions of the first and second leaky antennas obtained in Step 3, select appropriate amplitude and phase parameters to synthesize the radiation pattern and obtain a new radiation pattern function; Step 5. Based on the new pattern function obtained in Step 4, construct the array steering matrix suitable for the MUSIC algorithm; Step 6. Based on the array steering matrix obtained in Step 5, set up signal sources at different positions and conduct simulation tests using MATLAB to verify the arrival angle estimation capability of the zero-scanning leaky wave antenna.

[0030] in, In step 1, the periodic leaky antenna that operates only in the -1st harmonic state simultaneously meets the requirements of forward scanning and backward scanning.

[0031] The necessary antenna simulation parameters mentioned in step 2 are specifically: maximum operating frequency. f max Minimum operating frequency f min Center frequency f 0. Waveguide width L wg Total length of leaky antenna L LWA Gap spacing p Cutoff frequency f c Relative permittivity of the dielectric filling the waveguide e r .

[0032] Step 3 specifically involves changing the slot spacing of the first leaky antenna, which has already been designed, in MATLAB. p A second leaky antenna with a scanning angle range close to that used for synthesizing nulls was designed.

[0033] Step 4 involves selecting appropriate amplitude and phase parameters for pattern synthesis, specifically as follows: Given the radiation pattern function of the first leaky antenna, denoted as: F 1 ( θ, f The pattern function of the second leaky antenna is denoted as... F 2 ( θ, f ), F ( θ, fThe expression for ) is as follows: ; in i The angle of the beam pointing. f The frequency corresponding to this angle, L LWA The total length of the leaky antenna, subscript m Indicates the order of the leaky antennas. f Cumulative phase mismatch ,f The expression is as follows: , α The leakage constant describes the intensity of energy gradually leaking outward from the antenna. k 0 is the free space wavenumber. β m It is the phase constant propagating along the waveguide direction, belonging to the first... m A leaky antenna operating in the -1st harmonic state is defined as follows in both the first and second leaky antenna cases: , , β 1 Let be the phase constant of the leaky antenna 1 propagating along the waveguide direction. β 2 Let be the phase constant of the leaky antenna 2 propagating along the waveguide direction. β 0 The fundamental propagation constant; p 1 The periodic interval distance of the leaky wave antenna 1, p 2 The periodic interval distance of the leaky antenna 2 is... The expression for pattern composition is defined as: , r These are the complex weights used during synthesis to represent the amplitude ratio and phase difference between the two channels. A ( θ, f () is the angle of the antenna. i ,frequency f The overall radiation pattern below, i.e., the far-field amplitude.

[0034] Step 5: Construct the array steering matrix suitable for the MUSIC algorithm; , Where, a ( i () is the array steering vector, which contains the radiation pattern response at multiple frequency points. MThis indicates the number of frequency points. Once constructed, it can be tested using MATLAB with single or multiple signal sources, accurately estimating the incident angle of the signal in a multipath environment.

[0035] Step 6 describes setting up signal sources at different locations and conducting simulation tests using MATLAB to verify the system's signal direction of arrival (DoA) estimation capability.

[0036] The simulation test was conducted in MATLAB using the arrival angle estimation based on the zero-scanning leaky antenna to obtain the autocorrelation matrix of the received signal, and then the arrival angle estimation result was obtained through eigenvalue decomposition and spectral peak search.

[0037] The verification process involves comparing the wave angle estimation results with the degree of deviation of the set signal source position to verify the system's ability to estimate the wave angle based on the signal arrival direction.

[0038] Example: To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of the present invention clearer and easier to understand, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0039] Example 1: First, the design of the first and second leaky wave antennas must be completed to achieve the NSLWA (see attached image for antenna model effect). Figure 1 This lays the groundwork. First, select the center frequency. f 0: 35.5 GHz; Number of frequency points: M = 500; Speed ​​of light: c = 3×10 8 m / s; Relative permittivity: e r = 10; Antenna length: L LWA = 0.23 m; Waveguide width: L wg = 0.0022 m; Number of snapshots: N = 200; Minimum operating frequency f min = 29GHz; Maximum operating frequency f max = 42GHz; Leakage constant: α =0.025 k 0; Gap spacing p 1 = 0.0038m. Analysis shows that, under the given parameters, the minimum operating frequency of the first leaky antenna is greater than the cutoff frequency, and it radiates only the -1st harmonic throughout the entire operating frequency band. (See attached image) Figure 2As shown, the radiation pattern function of the leaky wave antenna is visualized in MATLAB using a heatmap. It can be found that the beam scanning angle range of the first leaky wave antenna at the given frequency is -43° to 50°, which meets the functional requirements of forward and backward scanning.

[0040] Based on the first leaky antenna, reset the period. p 2 = 0.0036m. Analysis revealed that the second leaky antenna also operates in the -1st harmonic state within its operating frequency band. The radiation pattern function of the second leaky antenna is in the appendix... Figure 3 The example shown in the diagram has a scanning range close to that of the first leaky antenna. Based on the requirement of achieving a large null depth in the design of zero-point scanning leaky antennas, this invention selects a synthesis coefficient... r = 1· e (j·52°) The heatmap results of the combined radiation pattern function of the first and second leaky antennas are shown in the appendix. Figure 4 As can be seen from the figure, within the operating frequency band of 29GHz-42GHz, the synthesized radiation pattern forms a zero with frequency sweep characteristics and is basically maintained at around -30dB, which meets the original design intention.

[0041] Example 2, first assume the number of frequency points is set to be M The number of signal sources is D , X For the received signal matrix, P Noise matrix, array steering matrix A As described in steps 5 and 6, the process of the NSLWA antenna receiving the signal source can be represented as follows:

[0042] A single signal source was placed at -12°, and Gaussian white noise with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 20dB was set using the awgn function in MATLAB. The number of snapshots N = 200, and the number of frequency points... M = 500, and the autocorrelation matrix R is constructed from the acquired X matrix. Then, the R matrix is ​​subjected to eigenvalue decomposition to separate the signal subspace and the noise subspace. Finally, the signal direction is estimated by finding the spectral peak by calculating the spatial spectral function.

[0043] For the results of Example 2, please refer to the appendix. Figure 5 Under the aforementioned parameters, it can be seen that within the 29GHz to 42GHz frequency band, the spatial spectral function exhibits a distinct spectral peak at -12°, indicating that the antenna system possesses excellent direction estimation capabilities. Despite the presence of sidelobe interference, the main lobe is clearly distinguishable, and the test results show almost no significant error compared to the actual angle, verifying the high-resolution direction-finding performance of the NSLWA antenna for a single signal source over a wide frequency band.

[0044] Example 3, based on Example 2, simulates a multi-signal source scenario. Multiple signal sources were placed at positions [-22°, 12°, 11°, 36°], and Gaussian white noise with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 25dB was reset. The number of snapshots N = 300, and the number of hold frequencies... M = 500. It is also worth noting that in Example 3, two very close signal sources (only 1° apart) were deliberately placed to test the NSLWA leaky-wave antenna's resolution capability when processing signals at similar angles. Simulation results are attached. Figure 6 As shown, the NSLWA-MUSIC algorithm can clearly separate the four incident directions, and it still has a good resolution effect for neighboring signal sources at 11° and 12°. No obvious spectral peak merging phenomenon is observed, which further verifies the high resolution and robustness of the antenna structure combined with the MUSIC algorithm in a multi-signal environment.

[0045] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for estimating the angle of arrival based on a zero-point scanning leaky-wave antenna, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: Step 1. Selecting a rectangular waveguide as a basic structure to design a periodic leaky-wave antenna working only in -1 harmonic state; Step 2. Designing necessary antenna simulation parameters based on the limitation of -1 harmonic; The first leaky-wave antenna is designed; Step 3. Adjusting the gap distance based on the first leaky-wave antenna designed in Step 2 p , designing a second leaky-wave antenna; obtaining the directional pattern functions of the first leaky-wave antenna and the second leaky-wave antenna; Step 4. Based on the directivity pattern functions of the first leaky-wave antenna and the second leaky-wave antenna obtained in step 3, appropriate amplitude and phase parameters are selected for directivity pattern synthesis to obtain a new directivity pattern function; Step 5. Based on the new directivity pattern function obtained in step 4, an array steering matrix suitable for the MUSIC algorithm is constructed; Step 6. Based on the array steering matrix obtained in step 5, signal sources are arranged at different positions, and MATLAB is used for simulation test to verify the ability of the zero-point scanning leaky-wave antenna in estimating the direction of arrival.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, In step 1, the periodic leaky-wave antenna working only in -1 harmonic state meets the requirements of forward scanning and backward scanning at the same time.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein, The necessary antenna simulation parameters described in step 2 are specifically: maximum operating frequency f max , minimum operating frequency f min , center frequency f 0, waveguide width L wg , total length of leaky wave antenna L LWA , slot spacing p , cutoff frequency f c , relative permittivity of the waveguide filling medium ε r .

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, Step 3 is specifically to design a second leaky-wave antenna with a close scanning angle range for the synthetic zero point by changing the slot spacing of the first leaky-wave antenna that has been designed in MATLAB p .

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, In step 4, the directivity pattern synthesis is specifically as follows: Given the pattern function of the first leaky-wave antenna is denoted as F 1( θ, f ), the pattern function of the second leaky-wave antenna is denoted as F 2( θ, f ), F ( θ, f The expression for ) is as follows: ; wherein θ is the angle of the beam pointing, f is the corresponding frequency at this angle, L LWA is the total length of the leaky wave antenna, the subscript m denotes the order of the leaky wave antenna, φ is is the accumulated phase mismatch amount , φ The expression for is as follows: , α is a leakage constant, which describes the strength of the energy gradually leaking outward on the antenna, k 0 is the free space wave number, β m is a phase constant propagating along the waveguide direction, belonging to the m is a leakage constant, which describes the strength of the energy gradually leaking outward on the antenna, , , β 1 Let be the phase constant of the leaky antenna 1 propagating along the waveguide direction. β 2 Let be the phase constant of the leaky antenna 2 propagating along the waveguide direction. β 0 The fundamental propagation constant; p 1 The periodic interval distance of the leaky wave antenna 1, p 2 The periodic interval distance of the leaky antenna 2 is... The expression definition of the directivity pattern synthesis is as follows: , ρ is the complex weight at synthesis time, representing the amplitude ratio and phase difference of the two channels, A θ, f is the total pattern of the antenna at angle θ , frequency f , i.e. the far field amplitude.​ 6. The method of claim 1, wherein, In step 5, the array steering matrix suitable for the MUSIC algorithm is constructed. , Wherein, a (f) is the array steering vector, including the directional diagram response under multiple frequency points, θ ) is the array steering vector, including the directional diagram response under multiple frequency points, M Indicates the number of frequency points, after the construction is completed, it can be tested by MATLAB setting single source or multiple sources, and the incident angle of the signal is accurately estimated in the multipath environment.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein, In step 6, signal sources are arranged at different positions, and MATLAB is used for simulation test to verify the ability of the system in estimating the direction of arrival (DoA).

8. The method of claim 7, wherein, The simulation test is to obtain the autocorrelation matrix of the received signal based on the zero-point scanning leaky-wave antenna in the MATLAB, and then the direction of arrival estimation result is obtained through eigenvalue decomposition and spectrum peak search.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein, The verification is to compare the deviation degree of the direction of arrival estimation result and the set signal source position to verify the ability of the system in estimating the direction of arrival.

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