Temperature and pressure control method and system for reaction kettle

Abstract

The invention discloses a temperature and pressure control method and system of a reaction kettle, and relates to the technical field of chemical equipment automatic control, the temperature and pressure control method comprises the steps of data acquisition, processing, coupling analysis, control decision and adjustment execution, and a temperature compensation value and a pressure compensation value are generated through dynamic compensation. Based on a coupling coefficient switching adjustment strategy, precise adjustment is realized by combining prediction optimization and segmented control; the temperature and pressure control system comprises a sensing module, a control module, an execution module and a safety interlocking unit. Distributed data acquisition, multi-module cooperative work, environment monitoring unit auxiliary compensation and safety interlocking unit guarantee protection are realized. According to the temperature and pressure control method and system of the reaction kettle, the problems of low control precision and weak interference resistance in the prior art are solved, the temperature control precision is + / -0.5 DEG C, the pressure is + / -2kPa, the response speed is high, the method and system are suitable for high-requirement reaction processes in the fields of chemical engineering, medicine and the like, and the method and system have the advantages of high precision, fast response and high safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of automatic control technology for chemical equipment, specifically to a method and system for controlling the temperature and pressure of a reaction vessel. Background Technology

[0002] Reactors are core reaction equipment in industries such as chemical, pharmaceutical, and food processing. They are used to complete various chemical or physical reactions such as polymerization, nitration, and hydrogenation. They are suitable for batch production scenarios and mainly consist of a vessel body, vessel lid, stirring device, sealing structure, and temperature or pressure control system. The materials used are mostly stainless steel, titanium alloy, or glass enamel. During operation, temperature and pressure can be precisely controlled. The stirring device ensures uniform mixing of materials, and the sealing structure prevents media leakage. They are characterized by stable structure, safe operation, and high reaction efficiency. They support intermittent or continuous operation and can be configured with auxiliary systems such as heating, cooling, and feeding according to process requirements. They are key equipment to ensure the stability and controllability of reaction processes in industrial production.

[0003] In existing reaction vessels, such as the chemical reaction vessel with controllable temperature and pressure described in application number 202121217184.9, the technical solution includes: a cylinder and a pressure control mechanism; the cylinder has a cover at its upper opening, an inner cover inside the cover, the outer arc surface of the inner cover contacting the inner wall of the upper opening of the cylinder, and a discharge pipe at the lower outlet of the cylinder; the pressure control mechanism is slidably connected to a sliding hole at the center of the inner cover; wherein: an electric heating wire is installed inside the lower cavity of the cylinder wall, heat dissipation holes corresponding to the electric heating wire are evenly arranged at the lower end of the cylinder, the input end of the electric heating wire is electrically connected to the output end of a PLC controller located at the lower end of the outer arc surface of the cylinder, and the input end of the PLC controller is electrically connected to an external power source.

[0004] As a core piece of equipment in chemical production, the precise control of internal temperature and pressure in a reactor directly affects reaction efficiency and product quality. Traditional reactor control methods have the following drawbacks: single-point temperature and pressure measurement makes it difficult to reflect the spatial distribution differences of temperature and pressure within the reactor, resulting in low control accuracy; temperature and pressure control are independent of each other, failing to consider their coupling relationship, which easily leads to overshoot or oscillation; the fixed control model cannot adapt to changes in medium characteristics during the reaction process or system characteristic drift caused by equipment aging; and the anti-interference capability is weak, with significant response lag when the ambient temperature fluctuates or the feed rate changes.

[0005] In view of this, in-depth research was conducted on the above issues, which led to the creation of this case.

[0006] To address the aforementioned issues, an innovative design was developed based on the existing methods for controlling the temperature and pressure of the reactor. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method and system for controlling the temperature and pressure of a reactor, so as to solve the problems of low temperature and pressure control accuracy and weak anti-interference ability mentioned in the background art.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A method for controlling the temperature and pressure of a reaction vessel, the method comprising the following steps: Step 1: Real-time data acquisition. Temperature values ​​T(i) and pressure values ​​P(j) in different areas of the reactor are collected using distributed temperature and pressure sensors, where i and j are the acquisition point numbers and i,j≥1. Step 2: Process the data collected in Step 1. Filter and reduce noise on the collected temperature value T(i) and pressure value P(j). Calculate the average temperature and average pressure. Perform dynamic compensation based on environmental parameters to obtain the compensated temperature and pressure values. Step 3: Perform coupling analysis on the data obtained in Step 2, establish a temperature and pressure coupling model, calculate the coupling coefficient K based on the temperature compensation value and pressure compensation value. When K > preset threshold, it is determined to be a strong coupling state and a coordinated adjustment strategy is executed. When K ≤ preset threshold, it is determined to be a weak coupling state and an independent adjustment strategy is executed. Step 4: Implement control decisions. Based on the predictive control model, and according to the target temperature and pressure values, combined with the current temperature compensation and pressure compensation values, generate the temperature regulation ΔT and pressure regulation ΔP. Step 5: Perform adjustment, converting ΔT and ΔP into execution commands to drive the heating or cooling components and the depressurization or pressurization components to achieve closed-loop control of temperature and pressure.

[0009] Preferably, the dynamic compensation in step two includes: obtaining the ambient temperature and pressure values ​​and the temperature of the outer wall of the reactor, and correcting them using compensation formulas. The compensation formulas for temperature and pressure are as follows: T_comp=T_avg+α×(T_wall-T_env); P_comp=P_avg+β×(P_env-P0); Where T_comp is the temperature compensation value, T_avg is the average temperature, T_wall is the temperature of the outer wall of the reactor, T_env is the ambient temperature, P_comp is the pressure compensation value, P_avg is the average pressure, P_env is the ambient pressure, α and β are compensation coefficients, and P0 is the standard atmospheric pressure.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution and performing dynamic compensation through formulas, the measurement error caused by fluctuations in ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure is reduced compared to no compensation. The temperature compensation value and pressure compensation value can truly reflect the state of the medium inside the vessel, providing reliable data support for control decisions.

[0011] Preferably, when the temperature compensation value and pressure compensation value detected in step two are greater than the safety threshold, the interlock protection is immediately triggered, the heating component is shut down and the emergency pressure relief valve is activated, and an audible and visual alarm is issued at the same time.

[0012] Using the above technical solution, when the temperature compensation value and pressure compensation value exceed the safety threshold, the interlock protection is immediately triggered, the heating component is shut down, the emergency pressure relief valve is activated, and an audible and visual alarm is triggered. Compared with traditional delayed protection, the accident rate is reduced, the vessel body is prevented from being damaged due to over-temperature and over-pressure, and production safety is ensured.

[0013] Preferably, the coupling coefficient K in step three is calculated as follows: K=| T / P|×| P / T|×λ in T / P is the partial derivative of temperature with respect to pressure. P / T is the partial derivative of pressure with respect to temperature, and λ is the reaction medium correction coefficient (0.8≤λ≤1.2).

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, the coupling coefficient is accurately calculated using formulas, which improves the accuracy of judging the coupling state compared with experience. This provides a quantitative basis for subsequent switching and adjustment strategies, and enhances control stability in strong coupling reactions.

[0015] Preferably, the coordinated adjustment strategy when step three is in a strongly coupled state includes: prioritizing the adjustment of the temperature to the target temperature value ± ΔT0 range (ΔT0 ≤ 2℃), while dynamically adjusting the pressure adjustment rate according to the temperature change rate, and precisely adjusting the pressure to the target pressure value after the temperature stabilizes.

[0016] Using the above technical solution, under strong coupling conditions, the temperature is first stabilized to the target temperature range, and then the pressure regulation rate is dynamically adjusted. Compared with synchronous regulation, the temperature overshoot is reduced, the pressure follows the temperature change without lag, and the final pressure control accuracy reaches ±2kPa, which is suitable for the requirements of highly coupled processes.

[0017] Preferably, the predictive control model in step four employs a rolling optimization strategy. Based on the past 5-10 sets of temperature and pressure compensation values, it predicts the temperature and pressure change trends for the next 3-5 time periods. The optimal adjustment values ​​ΔT and ΔP are then solved using a quadratic programming algorithm to minimize the objective function. The formula for the objective function is as follows: J=ω1×(T_comp-T_target)²+ω2×(P_comp-P_target)², Where ω1 and ω2 are weighting coefficients.

[0018] Using the above technical solution, the predictive control model is continuously optimized based on 5-10 sets of historical temperature compensation values ​​and pressure compensation values. Compared with the fixed model, it can predict the parameter change trend 3-5 moments in advance, shorten the response lag time, and minimize the objective function J to make ΔT and ΔP optimal, and the parameter adjustment is oscillating.

[0019] Preferably, the conversion of execution instructions in step five adopts segmented control logic as follows: When |T_comp-T_target|>5℃, the heating or cooling components operate at maximum power; When 2℃ < |T_comp - T_target| ≤ 5℃, PID control is used; When |T_comp-T_target|≤2℃, switch to fuzzy control.

[0020] Using the above technical solution, the segmented control logic switches the adjustment mode according to |T_comp-T_target|, which improves the temperature adjustment efficiency. The fuzzy control further improves the accuracy when there is a small deviation, and it can be adapted to efficient adjustment in different deviation scenarios.

[0021] A temperature and pressure control system for a reactor includes a sensing module, a control module, an execution module, and a safety interlock unit. The sensing module includes at least three temperature sensors and at least two pressure sensors, which are distributed and installed at different heights and radial positions on the inner wall of the reactor to collect temperature and pressure data. The control module includes a data processing module, a coupling analysis module, a predictive control unit, and an instruction generation module. The data processing module is communicatively connected to the sensing module, the coupling analysis module is connected to both the data processing module and the predictive control unit, and the instruction generation module is connected to the predictive control unit. The execution module includes a temperature regulation component and a pressure regulation component. The temperature regulation component includes a heating device and a cooling device, and the pressure regulation component includes a pressure pump and a pressure relief valve. The execution module is electrically connected to the instruction generation module.

[0022] Preferably, the sensing module further includes an environmental monitoring unit for collecting ambient temperature, ambient pressure, and the temperature of the outer wall of the reactor and sending them to the data processing module. The safety interlock unit is connected to both the sensing module and the execution module. When data exceeding the threshold is detected, the execution module is directly controlled to perform an emergency protection action.

[0023] Using the above technical solution, the environmental monitoring unit collects ambient temperature, ambient pressure, and reactor outer wall temperature to provide compensation basis for the data processing module, thereby improving the accuracy of temperature and pressure compensation values. The safety interlock unit directly links the sensing layer and the execution layer, and skips the control module to act directly when the threshold is exceeded, resulting in fast protection response and improved safety protection reliability.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the temperature and pressure control method and system of the reaction vessel, 1. Coupling adaptation and precise compensation, breaking through the bottleneck of control accuracy: The coupling analysis module calculates the coupling coefficient K, quantifies the coupling strength between temperature and pressure, and dynamically switches between collaborative and independent adjustment strategies to solve the parameter overshoot problem caused by the lack of consideration of coupling relationship in traditional independent control. At the same time, the environmental monitoring unit collects the ambient temperature, ambient pressure and the temperature of the outer wall of the reactor. The data processing module generates temperature compensation value and pressure compensation value through compensation formula to eliminate measurement errors caused by environmental interference. Finally, the temperature control accuracy reaches ±0.5℃ and the pressure control accuracy reaches ±2kPa, which is an improvement over traditional control methods and breaks through the control accuracy bottleneck of high-requirement chemical reactions. 2. Predictive optimization and segmented control, balancing response speed and stability: The predictive control unit adopts a rolling optimization strategy. Based on historical data of 5-10 sets of temperature and pressure compensation values, it solves for the optimal temperature and pressure adjustment values ​​through a quadratic programming algorithm. It predicts the parameter change trend 3-5 moments in advance, shortening the system response lag time and avoiding parameter overshoot or lag. The temperature adjustment component of the execution module adopts segmented control logic, balancing adjustment efficiency and accuracy under different deviation scenarios. Combined with comprehensive data collected by distributed sensors, the long-term stability of the system is improved, and it can adapt to complex working conditions such as changes in reaction media and equipment aging. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system structure framework of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] Please see Figure 1 The present invention provides a technical solution: A method for controlling the temperature and pressure of a reaction vessel, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Real-time data acquisition. Temperature values ​​T(i) and pressure values ​​P(j) in different areas of the reactor are collected using distributed temperature and pressure sensors, where i and j are the acquisition point numbers and i,j≥1. Step 2: Process the data collected in Step 1. Filter and reduce noise on the collected temperature value T(i) and pressure value P(j). Calculate the average temperature and average pressure. Perform dynamic compensation based on environmental parameters to obtain the compensated temperature and pressure values. Step 3: Perform coupling analysis on the data obtained in Step 2, establish a temperature and pressure coupling model, calculate the coupling coefficient K based on the temperature compensation value and pressure compensation value. When K > preset threshold, it is determined to be a strong coupling state and a coordinated adjustment strategy is executed. When K ≤ preset threshold, it is determined to be a weak coupling state and an independent adjustment strategy is executed. Step 4: Implement control decisions. Based on the predictive control model, and according to the target temperature and pressure values, combined with the current temperature compensation and pressure compensation values, generate the temperature regulation ΔT and pressure regulation ΔP. Step 5: Perform adjustment, converting ΔT and ΔP into execution commands to drive the heating or cooling components and the depressurization or pressurization components to achieve closed-loop control of temperature and pressure.

[0028] Step two, dynamic compensation, includes: acquiring ambient temperature and pressure values ​​and the temperature of the reactor's outer wall, and then correcting these values ​​using compensation formulas. The compensation formulas for temperature and pressure are as follows: T_comp=T_avg+α×(T_wall-T_env); P_comp=P_avg+β×(P_env-P0); Where T_comp is the temperature compensation value, T_avg is the average temperature, T_wall is the temperature of the outer wall of the reactor, T_env is the ambient temperature, P_comp is the pressure compensation value, P_avg is the average pressure, P_env is the ambient pressure, α and β are compensation coefficients, and P0 is the standard atmospheric pressure. When the temperature compensation value and pressure compensation value detected in step two exceed the safety threshold, the interlock protection is immediately triggered, the heating component is shut down and the emergency pressure relief valve is activated, and an audible and visual alarm is issued. Dynamic compensation through formulas reduces measurement errors caused by fluctuations in ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure compared to no compensation. The temperature compensation value and pressure compensation value can truly reflect the state of the medium inside the reactor, providing reliable data support for control decisions. When the temperature compensation value and pressure compensation value exceed the safety threshold, the interlock protection is immediately triggered, the heating component is shut down, the emergency pressure relief valve is activated, and an audible and visual alarm is issued. Compared to traditional delayed protection, the accident rate is reduced, the reactor body is prevented from being damaged due to over-temperature and over-pressure, and production safety is ensured.

[0029] The coupling coefficient K in step three is calculated as follows: K=| T / P|×| P / T|×λ in T / P is the partial derivative of temperature with respect to pressure. P / T is the partial derivative of pressure with respect to temperature, and λ is the reaction medium correction coefficient (0.8≤λ≤1.2). The coordinated regulation strategy in step three when in a strongly coupled state includes: prioritizing the temperature adjustment to the target temperature value ±ΔT0 range (ΔT0≤2℃), while dynamically adjusting the pressure regulation rate according to the temperature change rate. After the temperature stabilizes, the pressure is precisely adjusted to the target pressure value. The coupling coefficient is accurately calculated using a formula, which improves the accuracy of judging the coupling state compared to experience, providing a quantitative basis for subsequent switching of regulation strategies. In a strongly coupled reaction, the control stability is improved. In a strongly coupled state, the temperature is stabilized to the target temperature range first, and then the pressure regulation rate is dynamically adjusted. Compared with synchronous regulation, the temperature overshoot is reduced, and the pressure follows the temperature change without lag. Finally, the pressure control accuracy reaches ±2kPa, which is suitable for the requirements of highly coupled processes.

[0030] The predictive control model in step four employs a rolling optimization strategy. Based on the past 5-10 sets of temperature and pressure compensation values, it predicts the temperature and pressure trends for the next 3-5 time periods. The optimal adjustment values ​​ΔT and ΔP are then solved using a quadratic programming algorithm to minimize the objective function. The formula for the objective function is as follows: J=ω1×(T_comp-T_target)²+ω2×(P_comp-P_target)², Where ω1 and ω2 are weighting coefficients, the predictive control model is optimized based on 5-10 sets of historical temperature compensation values ​​and pressure compensation values. Compared with the fixed model, it can predict the parameter change trend 3-5 moments in advance, shorten the response lag time, and minimize the objective function J to make ΔT and ΔP optimal, and the parameter adjustment is oscillating.

[0031] The instruction conversion in step five employs segmented control logic as follows: When |T_comp-T_target|>5℃, the heating or cooling components operate at maximum power; When 2℃ < |T_comp - T_target| ≤ 5℃, PID control is used; When |T_comp-T_target|≤2℃, switch to fuzzy control. The segmented control logic switches the adjustment mode according to |T_comp-T_target|, which improves the temperature adjustment efficiency. Fuzzy control further improves the accuracy when there is a small deviation, and adapts to the efficient adjustment of different deviation scenarios.

[0032] A temperature and pressure control system for a reactor includes a sensing module, a control module, an execution module, and a safety interlock unit. The sensing module includes at least three temperature sensors and at least two pressure sensors, which are distributed and installed at different heights and radial positions on the inner wall of the reactor to collect temperature and pressure data. The control module includes a data processing module, a coupling analysis module, a predictive control unit, and an instruction generation module. The data processing module is communicatively connected to the sensing module, the coupling analysis module is connected to both the data processing module and the predictive control unit, and the instruction generation module is connected to the predictive control unit. The execution module includes a temperature regulation component and a pressure regulation component. The temperature regulation component includes a heating device and a cooling device, and the pressure regulation component includes a pressure pump and a pressure relief valve. The execution module is electrically connected to the instruction generation module.

[0033] The sensing module also includes an environmental monitoring unit, which collects ambient temperature, ambient pressure, and reactor outer wall temperature and sends them to the data processing module. The safety interlock unit is connected to both the sensing module and the execution module. When it detects data exceeding the threshold, it directly controls the execution module to perform emergency protection actions. The environmental monitoring unit collects ambient temperature, ambient pressure, and reactor outer wall temperature values ​​to provide compensation basis for the data processing module, thereby improving the accuracy of temperature and pressure compensation values. The safety interlock unit directly links the sensing layer and the execution layer, bypassing the control module and acting directly when the threshold is exceeded, resulting in fast protection response and improved safety protection reliability.

[0034] Working principle: When using this invention, Data acquisition phase: Temperature and pressure sensors of the sensing module collect data on T(i) and P(j) in different areas inside the reactor in a distributed manner. The environmental monitoring unit simultaneously collects ambient temperature, ambient pressure and the temperature of the outer wall of the reactor. All data are transmitted to the data processing module of the control module in real time. Data processing stage: The data processing module filters and reduces noise for T(i) and P(j), calculates the average temperature and average pressure, and generates temperature compensation value and pressure compensation value through compensation formula; the safety interlock unit monitors the temperature compensation value and pressure compensation value in real time, and if they exceed the safety threshold, it directly controls the execution module to start emergency protection; Coupling analysis and control decision-making stage: The coupling analysis module calculates the coupling coefficient K based on the temperature compensation value and the pressure compensation value. When K > the preset threshold, the coordinated adjustment strategy is activated, and when K ≤ the preset threshold, the independent adjustment strategy is activated. The predictive control unit calls the rolling optimization model, predicts the changing trend based on historical temperature compensation value and pressure compensation value data, and solves the optimal ΔT and ΔP by combining the temperature target value and the pressure target value. The instruction generation module converts them into execution instructions. During the adjustment phase: the execution module receives instructions, the temperature regulation component (heating / cooling device) operates according to the segmented control logic, and the pressure regulation component (pressurization pump / pressure relief valve) operates according to the coordinated / independent strategy; during the adjustment process, the sensor continuously collects data to form a closed loop of "collection-processing-decision-execution" until the temperature compensation value and pressure compensation value are set within the target value range.

[0035] Control process example: 1. Data Acquisition Phase Temperature sensors (distributed arrangement) collect temperature data of different areas inside the vessel once per second, and obtain T(1)=128.3℃, T(2)=129.1℃, T(3)=127.8℃, T(4)=128.6℃; Pressure sensors collected pressure data at the top and bottom of the vessel, yielding P(1) = 0.785 MPa and P(2) = 0.792 MPa. The environmental monitoring unit synchronously collects: ambient temperature T_env=25.3℃, ambient pressure P_env=101.2kPa, and outer wall temperature T_wall=126.5℃. All data are transmitted to the control module via the 485 bus.

[0036] 2. Data Processing Stage

[0037] Filtering and noise reduction: Kalman filtering algorithm is used to remove sensor noise and obtain smoothed temperature and pressure data; Calculate the average values: T_avg = (128.3 + 129.1 + 127.8 + 128.6) / 4 = 128.45℃; P_avg = (0.785 + 0.792) / 2 = 0.7885 MPa; Dynamic compensation: Substitute into the compensation formula to calculate: T_comp=128.45 + 0.06×(126.5-25.3)=128.45 + 6.072=134.52℃; P_comp=0.7885 + 0.03×(101.2-101.3)=0.7885 - 0.0003=0.7882MPa; Safety monitoring: The safety threshold is set to T_max=150℃ and P_max=1.2MPa. Currently, T_comp=134.52℃<T_max and P_comp=0.7882MPa<P_max, so the interlocking protection is not triggered.

[0038] 3. Coupling Analysis Phase

[0039] Calculation of coupling coefficient: λ = 1.05 was found using the reaction medium (polyethylene monomer). Partial derivatives were calculated based on real-time data. T / P=0.35℃ / kPa P / If T = 2.8 kPa / ℃, then: K=|0.35|×|2.8|×1.05=0.35×2.8×1.05=1.029; Strategy determination: K=1.029>K0=0.6, indicating a strong coupling state. A coordinated adjustment strategy is executed, prioritizing the temperature adjustment to the range of 130℃±2℃ (128℃-132℃) before precisely adjusting the pressure.

[0040] 4. Control Decision-Making Stage

[0041] Predictive model calculation: The predictive control unit is invoked, and based on the past 8 sets of historical data of T_comp and P_comp (such as T_comp=133.2℃ and P_comp=0.782MPa at the previous moment), the temperature change trend at the next 4 moments is predicted to be "slowly rising" and the pressure change trend is "synchronously rising". Solving for the optimal adjustment amount: Minimize the objective function J=0.7×(134.52-130)² +0.3×(0.7882-0.8)² using the quadratic programming algorithm to obtain the optimal adjustment amount ΔT=-4.3℃ (cooling required) and ΔP=0.0118MPa (slight pressure required).

[0042] 5. Implementation and Adjustment Phase

[0043] Instruction translation: Based on segmented control logic: |T_comp-T_target|=|134.52-130|=4.52℃, which is within the 2℃-5℃ range, so PID control is used; the pressure regulation adopts a cooperative strategy, adjusting the rate according to the temperature change rate. Perform component actions: Temperature control component: Start the cooling water jacket, and use PID to adjust the cooling water flow rate to 35L / min to reduce the temperature inside the reactor; Pressure regulating component: Start the variable frequency booster pump and slowly increase the pressure at a rate of dP / dt=0.002kPa / s (matching the temperature cooling rate). Closed-loop feedback: The sensor continuously collects data and updates T_comp and P_comp every 0.5 seconds, and the control module dynamically corrects and adjusts the commands.

[0044] The contents not described in detail in this specification are existing technologies known to those skilled in the art.

[0045] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method of temperature and pressure control of a reactor, characterized by: The temperature and pressure control method of the reaction kettle comprises the following steps: Step one, real-time data acquisition, through the distributed temperature sensor and pressure sensor, collect the temperature value T(i) and pressure value P(j) of different areas in the reaction kettle, wherein i, j are the collection point numbers, and i, j≥1; Step two, processing the data collected in step one, filtering and denoising the collected temperature value T(i) and pressure value P(j), calculating the temperature average value and pressure average value, dynamically compensating based on the environmental parameters to obtain the compensated temperature compensation value and pressure compensation value; Step three, coupling analysis of the data obtained in step two, establishing a temperature and pressure coupling model, calculating the coupling coefficient K according to the temperature compensation value and pressure compensation value, determining as strong coupling state when K> preset threshold, executing the cooperative regulation strategy, determining as weak coupling state when K≤ preset threshold, executing the independent regulation strategy; Step four, implementing control decision, based on the predictive control model, generating temperature regulation amount ΔT and pressure regulation amount ΔP according to the temperature target value and pressure target value, combined with the current temperature compensation value and pressure compensation value; Step five, executing adjustment, converting ΔT and ΔP into execution instructions to drive the heating or cooling component and pressure relief or pressurization component to act, realizing closed-loop control of temperature and pressure.

2. The temperature and pressure control method of a reaction vessel according to claim 1, wherein: The dynamic compensation in step two comprises: obtaining the environmental temperature value and environmental pressure value and the reaction kettle outer wall temperature, correcting through the compensation formula, and the compensation formulas of temperature and pressure are as follows: T_comp=T_avg+α×(T_wall-T_env); P_comp=P_avg+β×(P_env-P0); Wherein T_comp is the temperature compensation value, T_avg is the temperature average value, T_wall is the reaction kettle outer wall temperature, T_env is the environmental temperature value, P_comp is the pressure compensation value, P_avg is the pressure average value, P_env is the environmental pressure value, α, β are compensation coefficients, and P0 is the standard atmospheric pressure.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein: When the detected temperature compensation value and pressure compensation value in step two are greater than the safety threshold, interlock protection is triggered immediately, the heating component is turned off and the emergency pressure relief valve is started, and sound and light alarms are issued.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein: The calculation method of the coupling coefficient K in step three is: K=| T / P|×| P / T|×λ wherein T / P is the partial derivative of pressure with respect to temperature, P / T is the partial derivative of pressure with respect to temperature, and λ is a reaction medium correction factor (0.8 < λ < 1.2).

5. The method of claim 4, wherein: The cooperative regulation strategy when the coupling coefficient K in step three is in the strong coupling state comprises: preferentially adjusting the temperature to the temperature target value± ΔT0 range (ΔT0≤2℃), and dynamically adjusting the pressure regulation rate according to the temperature change rate, and when the temperature is stable, accurately adjusting the pressure to the pressure target value.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein: The predictive control model in step four adopts a rolling optimization strategy, predicts the temperature and pressure change trend at future 3-5 time points based on the past 5-10 groups of temperature compensation value and pressure compensation value data, and solves the optimal regulation amount ΔT and ΔP through a quadratic programming algorithm to minimize the objective function, and the formula of the objective function is as follows: J=ω1×(T_comp-T_target)²+ω2×(P_comp-P_target)², Wherein ω1, ω2 are weight coefficients.

7. The method of claim 2, wherein: The conversion of the execution instruction in step five adopts segmented control logic: When |T_comp-T_target|>5℃, the heating or cooling component operates at maximum power; When 2℃<|T_comp-T_target|≤5℃, PID regulation is adopted; When |T_comp-T_target|≤2℃, fuzzy control is switched on.

8. A temperature and pressure control system for a reactor vessel, comprising a sensing module, a control module, an execution module and a safety interlock unit, characterized in that: The perception module comprises at least three temperature sensors and at least two pressure sensors, and the temperature sensors and pressure sensors are distributedly installed at different heights and radial positions of the inner wall of the reactor for collecting temperature and pressure data; the control module comprises a data processing module, a coupling analysis module, a predictive control unit and an instruction generation module, the data processing module is in communication connection with the perception module, the coupling analysis module is connected with the data processing module and the predictive control unit respectively, and the instruction generation module is connected with the predictive control unit; the execution module comprises a temperature adjusting component and a pressure adjusting component, the temperature adjusting component comprises a heating device and a cooling device, the pressure adjusting component comprises a pressurizing pump and a pressure relief valve, and the execution module is in electrical connection with the instruction generation module.

9. The temperature and pressure control system for a reaction vessel of claim 8, wherein: The perception module further comprises an environment monitoring unit for collecting environmental temperature, environmental pressure and outer wall temperature and sending to the data processing module, and the safety interlocking unit is connected with the perception module and the execution module respectively, and when detecting data exceeding the threshold value, directly controls the execution module to execute emergency protection action.

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