Slope rainwater collecting and infiltrating irrigation delaying greening device for arid and semi-arid areas

Abstract

The invention discloses an arid and semi-arid region slope rainwater collecting and infiltrating irrigation delaying greening device which comprises a rainwater collecting and infiltrating irrigation box fixed to a slope, and the rainwater collecting and infiltrating irrigation box is used for collecting rainwater and conveying the collected rainwater to plant root system positions through a seepage structure; the side face and the bottom plate of the rainwater collecting infiltrating irrigation box are of a closed structure, a plurality of seepage holes are formed in the side face close to the bottom, seepage cotton ropes sleeved with silicone tubes are connected to the seepage holes, and the seepage cotton ropes extend to the position needing irrigation. The rainwater collection infiltrating irrigation box is filled with a water storage material, and the water storage material is used for storing collected water; a PP plastic box cover, a one-way permeation phase conversion film and polyester sandwich screen cloth are respectively arranged at the top of the rainwater collection infiltrating irrigation box from bottom to top; when it rains, rainwater passes through the three-layer structure and enters the rainwater collection infiltrating irrigation box. The problems that the rainfall capacity of arid and semi-arid areas is small, space-time distribution is uneven, and existing slopes cannot be effectively greened are solved; and the cost for maintaining slope greening through sprinkling irrigation and drip irrigation is too high.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of irrigation devices, and particularly relates to a slope rainwater collection and delayed infiltration irrigation greening device in arid and semiarid regions. BACKGROUND

[0002] In arid and semiarid regions, linear projects such as water conservancy, highways, railways, and dam back slopes have a large number of slope greening that has not been well solved. The main reasons are: the number of annual rainfall is small, and the rainfall is small each time, 30-400 mm / year. Especially the distribution is uneven in time, and the rainfall is rare in the plant growing season in spring and summer, and the rainfall is mainly concentrated in autumn and winter. The slope has no humus, and the soil layer has a high microporosity of aggregate structure, which cannot effectively conserve rainwater, and most of the rainfall is quickly lost along the slope, causing water and soil loss on the slope.

[0003] In the slope with a slope of 0.70-1.0 (the included angle of the slope and the horizontal plane is 63°28'-45°), the rainfall for a long time and the rainfall with large intensity, on the one hand, the plant soil layer cannot be absorbed in time, or the crop root soil layer (shallow layer, autumn) has reached the saturated water content, and water and soil loss is formed. Not only the precious rainwater is lost, but also the surface soil is taken away.

[0004] To solve the above technical problems, part of the water and electricity resources and other conditions are sufficient, the slope is paved with sprinkling irrigation and drip irrigation, the physiological period of crops can be provided with water in time, and the slope greening is good. However, the water consumption is large, the maintenance cost is high, the labor cost is also high, and most of the slope greening of the project cannot be achieved. In addition, sprinkling irrigation will also cause water and soil loss and waste of water resources, and there is a risk of slipping and falling in manual operation after the slope is sprayed with water. Drip irrigation can prevent water and soil loss, but the water quality requirement is high (the drip head is easy to be blocked and parasitic microorganisms), and continuous water and electricity resources supply is also required. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application provides a slope rainwater collection and delayed infiltration irrigation greening device in arid and semiarid regions, which aims to solve the problems of low rainfall in arid and semiarid regions and ineffective greening of the slope with a slope, and high cost of maintaining slope greening by paving sprinkling irrigation and drip irrigation.

[0006] To this end, the present application adopts the following technical scheme: A slope rainwater collection and delayed infiltration irrigation greening device in arid and semiarid regions, comprising a rainwater collection and infiltration irrigation box fixed on the slope, the rainwater collection and infiltration irrigation box is used for collecting rainwater, and the collected rainwater is delivered to the position of plant root system through a seepage structure; The side surface and the bottom plate of the rain collecting and infiltration irrigation box are closed structures, a plurality of infiltration holes are arranged on the side surface close to the bottom, and an infiltration structure is connected to the infiltration holes; the rain collecting and infiltration irrigation box is filled with water storage material, which is used for storing collected water; a polyester sandwich mesh, a one-way permeable phase inversion film and a PP plastic box cover are arranged on the top of the rain collecting and infiltration irrigation box from top to bottom; when it rains, rainwater penetrates the polyester sandwich mesh, the one-way permeable phase inversion film and the PP plastic box cover into the rain collecting and infiltration irrigation box, and the water storage material absorbs the water in the rain collecting and infiltration irrigation box.

[0007] Further, the infiltration structure comprises a water-proof flexible conduit and an infiltration cotton thread rope, one end of the water-proof flexible conduit is connected to the infiltration hole, the other end of the water-proof flexible conduit extends to the irrigation position, and the infiltration cotton thread rope is arranged in the water-proof flexible conduit, and the water in the water storage material infiltrates to the irrigation position through the infiltration cotton thread rope.

[0008] Further, in an extremely arid area, a water inlet is further arranged on the top of the side surface of the rain collecting and infiltration irrigation box, a water supply pipeline is arranged on the slope surface, the water supply pipeline is connected to the water inlet of the rain collecting and infiltration irrigation box through a branch pipe, and when the precipitation is seriously insufficient, water is supplied to the rain collecting and infiltration irrigation box through the water supply pipeline.

[0009] Further, the water storage material is a sponge.

[0010] The present application has the following advantages: The present application mainly solves the greening problem of the slope surface of an engineering excavation and the back slope surface of an earth dam in arid and semi-arid areas, and the main technical measures are as follows: the rain collecting and infiltration irrigation box is used to collect rainwater in the rainy season by using a one-way water permeable and evaporation preventing one-way permeable phase inversion film; the infiltration flow is controlled by using cotton thread ropes with different diameters; the evaporation of the infiltration channel is prevented by sleeving the cotton thread rope with a silica gel pipe with the same diameter; the infiltration flow rate and flow state are controlled by the knot of the infiltration inlet cotton thread rope, so that the delay time is longer; the uniform flow state of the infiltration is maintained and the infiltration time is prolonged by using the extremely low mineralization degree of rainwater. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 is a top view of the rain collecting and infiltration irrigation box of the present application; Figure 2 is a front view of the rain collecting and infiltration irrigation box of the present application; Figure 3 is an enlarged view of a part of the rain collecting and infiltration irrigation box of the present application; Figure 4 is a connection diagram of the infiltration cotton thread rope of the rain collecting and infiltration irrigation box of the present application; Figure 5 is a water dripping curve diagram of a 2mm cotton thread rope infiltration; Figure 6 is a water dripping curve diagram of a 3mm cotton thread rope infiltration; Figure 7is a 4mm cotton rope seepage dripping curve diagram; In the figure: 1-collecting seepage irrigation box, 2-seepage structure, 21-conduit, 22-seepage cotton rope, 3-PP plastic box cover, 4-one-way permeable phase inversion film, 5-polyester sandwich mesh cloth, 6-seepage hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0012] The application will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific examples: A slope rainwater collecting and delayed seepage irrigation greening device in arid and semi-arid areas comprises a collecting seepage irrigation box 1 fixed on a slope, which is used for collecting rainwater and delivering the collected rainwater to the position of plant root system through a seepage structure 2. The side and bottom plate of the collecting seepage irrigation box 1 are of a closed structure, a plurality of seepage holes 6 are arranged near the bottom of the side, the inside of the collecting seepage irrigation box 1 is filled with water storage material for storing the collected water, and the top of the collecting seepage irrigation box 1 is provided with, from bottom to top, a polyester sandwich mesh cloth 5, a one-way permeable phase inversion film 4 and a PP plastic box cover 3. The detailed structure and functions are as follows: The collecting seepage irrigation box 1 has a standard size of 100 (80) cm in length, 30 (width of the slope) cm in width and 20 (height) cm in height, and has a cover. The size can be appropriately changed according to the slope and the size of the frame. On a flat slope (1:2.75~1:3.00) such as a dam, the upper opening area is maximized to maximize the acceptance of more rainwater.

[0013] The one-way permeable phase inversion film 4 mainly plays a role in permeating water and preventing water evaporation. The film structure can be optimized and the water permeation flux can be improved through ultrasonic treatment. The film has been widely used in the fields of municipal water treatment, seawater desalination and brackish water desalination. The PP plastic box cover 3 is located below the one-way permeable phase inversion film 4 and is used to provide structural support for the film. The film is connected to the box cover through peripheral convex ribs. The film is appropriately relaxed, which is conducive to the rapid permeation of rainwater. The polyester sandwich mesh cloth 5 plays a role in rapidly permeating rainwater and protecting the one-way permeable phase inversion film 4. The polyester sandwich mesh cloth 5 is connected to the reserved ear hole of the cover of the collecting seepage irrigation box 1 through binding.

[0014] The water storage material of the application can be made of high molecular material or natural sponge material. In order to facilitate the subsequent replacement of the water storage material, the polyester sandwich mesh cloth 5, the one-way permeable phase inversion film 4 and the PP plastic box cover 3 can be connected to the collecting seepage irrigation box 1 in an integrated structure.

[0015] The seepage hole 6 is connected with a water-tight flexible conduit 21, and a seepage cotton rope 22 is arranged in the conduit 21. The silicone conduit 21 and the seepage cotton rope 22 extend to the position of the plant root system that needs to be irrigated. In order to reduce the seepage speed of the water body and prolong the seepage time, a plurality of knots are arranged at the inlet end of the seepage cotton rope 22.

[0016] To this end, in order to deal with the problem of insufficient precipitation in some drought areas, the water inlet is arranged on the upper side of the rainwater infiltration irrigation box 1, and the water supply pipeline is arranged on the slope surface concrete frame. The water supply pipeline is connected to the water inlet of the rainwater infiltration irrigation box 1 through a branch pipe. When the precipitation is severely insufficient, water is supplied to the rainwater infiltration irrigation box 1 through the water supply pipe.

[0017] Application case of the scheme 1. Specific application scenarios: (1) For areas with rainfall greater than 200mm For semi-arid areas with rainfall greater than 200mm per year, the rainwater infiltration irrigation box 1 can well solve the problem of difficult greening of excavated slope surface and soil dam back slope surface. It can not only effectively collect rainfall in the rainy season and prevent evaporation, but also can delay at least 2 months and continuously supply water to plants for infiltration irrigation.

[0018] Different infiltration rates and amounts of infiltration can be adopted for grass, shrubs and trees to provide at least the minimum physiological water requirement for crops and maximize the reduction of evaporation and waste.

[0019] (2) For areas with rainfall less than 200mm For arid and extremely arid areas with rainfall less than 200mm per year, water can be directly injected into the rainwater infiltration irrigation box 1 through the pipe network system installed in advance to supplement the required water and realize delayed infiltration irrigation greening.

[0020] 2. Water permeability of one-way permeable phase inversion film 4: The water permeability of one-way permeable phase inversion film 4 is 84.5 liters / ㎡.h, the rainwater infiltration irrigation box 1 has a rainwater collection area of 1.0(0.8)×0.3㎡, and the water permeability is 76.05 liters / h. According to the national meteorological standard, 1h short-time heavy rainfall is 20mm, and the rainfall of the rainwater collection area of 0.3㎡ of the rainwater infiltration irrigation box 1 is 6.0 liters / h. Short-time heavy rain >50mm, the rainfall of the rainwater collection area of 0.3㎡ of the rainwater infiltration irrigation box 1 is 15.0 liters / h. The water permeability fully meets the requirements.

[0021] 3. Cotton thread infiltration capacity Different diameter cotton thread ropes are sleeved with equal diameter silica gel pipes (inner diameter) to mainly control the infiltration flow. It is verified by experiment that the cotton thread rope is knotted close to the inside of the box at the infiltration port, which can control the infiltration flow rate and flow state, and strive to maintain uniform infiltration; it can better prolong the infiltration time.

[0022] Different diameter cotton thread ropes are used for different plants. 2~4mm cotton thread rope is used for grasses with low water consumption of gramineae; cotton thread rope greater than 5mm is used for shrubs and tree plants with low water consumption.

[0023] Cotton rope outer sleeve hose, mainly to prevent the seepage path of a large amount of evaporation (evaporation is 1.16 times the amount of seepage dripping); At the same time, protect the seepage cotton rope 22 from dust, microbial contamination, gnawing of rodents, insect oviposition; Reduce the aging speed of seepage cotton rope 22 (reduce manual work, reduce the cost of slope greening).

[0024] Establish seepage test device, put sponge in the box, store water in the sponge; The box side near the bottom is opened to install the seepage sleeve and the core material cotton rope, and the end of the cotton rope is connected with a covered transparent container to store the seepage water.

[0025] So far, the experiment and calculation show that: the seepage of 4mm cotton rope with a knot and sleeve can provide the minimum water requirement of irises, camel thorn, wolf flower, sand, shrub, white thorn and wolfberry, with an average dripping interval of 4.75min, and water droplet size of 0.061g per drop, according to 100x30x20cm 3 Two rows of 10 grass seepage irrigation are provided, and the daily seepage water is 184.93g. If half a box of rainwater is collected in autumn, it can continue to seep for 162 days, and at least five months can be delayed (autumn rainwater can be used for spring next year). The average interval time (min) and date curve of seepage water droplet (at least 22 observation data per day).

[0026] As shown in Figure 5 2mm cotton rope with sleeve started dripping experiment on November 1st, and after 19 days, the seepage channel tended to be stable, and the free dripping interval time changed little.

[0027] As shown in Figure 6 3mm cotton rope started seepage on November 18th, and the seepage curve changed the most, which may be related to the deposition of Ca(HCO3)2 in the seepage pipeline not reaching equilibrium. On December 2nd, the water bottle was shaken artificially, which also caused the water droplet interval time to increase slightly.

[0028] As shown in Figure 7 4mm cotton rope water droplet interval-time-date curve on November 29th, which suddenly changed due to the sudden change of the shape of the dripping head.

[0029] The water used in the above seepage experiment is city tap water, which has high mineralization. The rainwater collection and seepage irrigation box 1 is designed to collect rainwater, and the mineralization of rainwater is the lowest, which is 10~50mg / liter (ordinary river water mineralization is 100~300mg / liter), which will not cause Ca(HCO3)2 deposition in the seepage pipeline. In view of the above reasons, it is still necessary to use pure water instead of rainwater for the experiment (it is very difficult to collect enough rainwater in Dunhuang due to the small amount of rainfall).

[0030] 4. Laying specification of rainwater seepage irrigation box 1 Rainwater seepage irrigation box 1 can also be used for natural slope greening. When there is no concrete frame, wooden stakes can be used to fix it on both sides.

[0031] Rainwater infiltration box 1 can also be used for tree and shrub infiltration on flat land, as long as the infiltration head is buried in a deep (20 cm below) position under the tree roots. Rainwater infiltration box 1 needs to be away from the tree roots at a certain distance, so that it can better accept rainwater and is not affected by the tree itself.

[0032] The engineering slope is usually set with a first-class horse track according to 5.0m high, and the general engineering soil slope ratio is 1:0.75 and 1:1. The maximum angle between 1:0.75 slope and horizontal plane is 53°9', and the slope length is 6.25m. The maximum angle between 1:1 slope and horizontal plane is 45°, and the slope length is 7.07m.

[0033] The outer frame size of the green concrete frame is 320cm x (320, 300)cm, and the inner frame net size is 300x (300, 280)cm.

[0034] Each green concrete frame uses four rainwater infiltration boxes 1 + green belts, 1:0.75 slope, rainwater infiltration box 1 corresponding to the slope length of 50cm, and the green slope length is 25cm. 1:1 slope, rainwater infiltration box 1 corresponding to the slope length of 42cm, and the green slope gap is 33cm. Each frame can plant 8 rows of grass.

[0035] Rainwater infiltration box 1 must be placed horizontally, and the horizontal plane height difference cannot be greater than 5mm. And it is connected with the surrounding concrete frame (or rainwater infiltration box 1) by stainless steel hooks (rainwater infiltration box 1 lashing) to prevent moving by external force such as strong wind.

[0036] The soil excavated for the rainwater infiltration box 1 platform is made into fish scale pits for planting grass nearby, which is used to collect rainwater on the green slope, supplementing the water requirement of crops and preventing soil erosion. The soil ridge downstream of the fish scale pit must be crushed and compacted, and one fish scale pit must be used for one grass to avoid a breach that accumulates rainwater.

[0037] After excavation, it is old loess of early Pleistocene Q1 and middle Pleistocene Q2, which cannot be directly greened, and a circular hole with a diameter of 10cm and a depth of 20cm must be drilled at each grass planting site, and Q 4、 Q3 loess is replaced, and then grass is planted.

[0038] The slope surface excavated after the rock (including hard rock and soft rock) is not greenable, unless at least 20cm thick loess or soil is replaced.

[0039] The soil slope of 1:0.70~1:0.50 is too steep, with an angle of 55°2'~63°28', which is difficult to operate, has a high risk of falling and injury, and has a high cost of greening.

[0040] In order to ensure the continuity and effect of infiltration and reduce labor cost, the plant fiber rope stored in the rainwater infiltration box 1 should be long enough, at least 150cm.

[0041] After long-term use, the cotton rope may be seriously reduced in permeability due to scale, microbial parasitism, etc. In this case, the cotton rope in the hose can be removed from the interface of the permeation head, and the cotton rope in the hose can be removed and cut off (note that the exposed length is 3 cm).

[0042] The one-way permeation phase inversion film 4, the water-absorbing and storing material, the cotton rope, the hose, and the water-impermeable box body are all strictly prohibited from being contaminated by oil, especially the cotton rope passing through the hose using water-based lubrication, and oil lubricant cannot be used.

[0043] The rainwater collection and infiltration box 1 green area must be pasture-free, and cattle and sheep will not only nibble green grass but also trample the rainwater collection and infiltration box 1.

[0044] The slope green grass is mainly drought-tolerant plants such as Iris lactea, Kalimeris indica, Stellaria dichotoma, and Saussurea salsa, and the shrubs are mainly drought-tolerant plants such as Caragana, Nitraria, and Lycium barbarum.

[0045] 5. Winter protection This device is used in tropical or temperate dry areas without cold treatment, but if used in the northwest of China, it needs to be cold treated in winter. In winter, the herbaceous plants wither and stop growing, and do not need to be irrigated; the rainwater collection and infiltration box 1 itself can be made of PP material, and the slight ice freezing expansion pressure will not be damaged. In actual operation, the rainwater collection and infiltration box 1 can be made into a bidirectional inverted trapezoidal shape, with the bottom area slightly smaller than the upper opening area, and part of the ice freezing expansion side pressure is converted into upward force. The silicone tube itself has elasticity, and the inside of the silicone tube is not full of water, and the water is infiltrated on the surface of the plant fiber. Therefore, the rainwater collection and infiltration box 1 and the infiltration channel do not need to be cold-proof.

Claims

1. A device for collecting rainwater on a slope in arid and semi-arid regions, delaying infiltration and irrigating greenery, characterized in that, The application relates to a rainwater collecting and infiltrating box (1) fixed on a slope, which is used for collecting rainwater and delivering the collected rainwater to a plant root system position through an infiltration structure (2); The side and bottom plate of the rainwater collecting and infiltrating box (1) are in a closed structure, a plurality of infiltration holes (6) are arranged on the side close to the bottom, the infiltration holes (6) are connected with the infiltration structure (2); the rainwater collecting and infiltrating box (1) is filled with water storage material, which is used for storing the collected water; the top of the rainwater collecting and infiltrating box (1) is provided with, from top to bottom, a dacron sandwich mesh cloth (5), a one-way permeation phase inversion film (4) and a PP plastic box cover (3); when it rains, the rainwater penetrates through the dacron sandwich mesh cloth (5), the one-way permeation phase inversion film (4) and the PP plastic box cover (3) into the rainwater collecting and infiltrating box (1), and the water storage material absorbs the water in the rainwater collecting and infiltrating box (1).

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The infiltration structure (2) comprises a water-proof flexible pipe (21) and an infiltration cotton string (22), one end of the water-proof flexible pipe (21) is connected with the infiltration hole (6), the other end of the water-proof flexible pipe (21) extends to an irrigation position, the infiltration cotton string (22) is arranged in the water-proof flexible pipe (21), and the water in the water storage material infiltrates to the irrigation position through the infiltration cotton string (22).

3. The device according to claim 1, wherein, The upper part of the side of the rainwater collecting and infiltrating box (1) is provided with a water inlet, a water supply pipeline is arranged on the slope, the water supply pipeline is connected to the water inlet of the rainwater collecting and infiltrating box (1) through a branch pipe, and water is supplied to the rainwater collecting and infiltrating box (1) through the water supply pipeline in a region with serious water shortage.

4. The device according to claim 1, wherein, The water storage material is natural sponge.

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