Tunnel anti-seismic simulation test device and test method
By designing a tunnel seismic simulation testing device with adjustment and pressure application mechanisms, the problems of low simulation fidelity and inaccurate pressure application were solved, achieving uniform pressure on the tunnel model during vibration testing and improving the accuracy and adaptability of the test.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511450351.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-10-11
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-27
AI Technical Summary
Existing tunnel seismic simulation testing devices have low simulation fidelity and inaccurate pressure application during vibration testing, which affects the accuracy of the test.
A tunnel seismic simulation test device was designed, which includes an adjustment mechanism, a moving mechanism, and a pressure application mechanism. The adjustment mechanism adjusts the spacing of the connecting parts, and the pressure application mechanism dynamically adjusts the area of the pressure plate. The device is used in conjunction with an electromagnetic vibration table to conduct vibration tests, ensuring the uniformity of pressure on the tunnel model.
This improved the adaptability and accuracy of the simulation test, ensured the uniformity of pressure on the tunnel model during vibration testing, and enhanced the reliability of the test results.
Smart Images
Figure CN121409540A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel seismic testing technology, and in particular to a tunnel seismic simulation testing device and testing method. Background Technology
[0002] In infrastructure construction such as transportation, water conservancy, and energy, tunnel engineering occupies a crucial position due to its advantages in effectively overcoming terrain obstacles and shortening transportation distances. However, tunnel structures are often buried deep underground in complex and variable geological environments, making them highly vulnerable to damage during natural disasters such as earthquakes. Under earthquake action, the strata undergo violent displacement and vibration, and the tunnel structure will bear complex loads from the surrounding rock and soil, potentially leading to serious problems such as lining cracking, misalignment, leakage, and even collapse. This can not only cause huge economic losses but also trigger secondary disasters.
[0003] To improve the seismic performance of tunnel structures and ensure their safety and stability during earthquakes, seismic simulation testing of tunnels is crucial. However, current simulation testing devices for dynamic seismic simulation of tunnels often involve creating a tunnel model using building materials, fixing it to a shaking table, applying pressure to its surface, and then conducting vibration tests. However, in actual testing, the simulation fidelity is low. Although pressure is applied to multiple points on the tunnel surface, the actual tunnel experiences pressure comprehensively, leading to inaccurate pressure application during vibration testing and consequently affecting the accuracy of the results. Therefore, designing a new simulation testing device is essential. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a tunnel seismic simulation testing device and method to solve the problems in the above-mentioned background technology, such as low simulation fidelity and inaccurate pressure application during vibration testing, which affect the accuracy of the test.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a tunnel seismic simulation testing device, including a base and an electromagnetic vibration table disposed above the base. An installation platform is disposed above the electromagnetic vibration table, and a through groove is formed on the top of the installation platform. An adjustment mechanism is disposed inside the through groove. An installation frame is also disposed above the base. The installation frame includes vertical plates disposed on both sides of the electromagnetic vibration table and a top plate connected between the two vertical plates. Installation grooves are formed at both ends of the side of the vertical plates near the installation platform. A moving mechanism is disposed inside the installation groove. A pressure applying mechanism is connected to the moving mechanism, and one side of the pressure applying mechanism is connected to the adjustment mechanism through a telescopic rod.
[0006] Preferably, the adjustment mechanism includes a dual-axis motor located at the center of the through groove. Both ends of the dual-axis motor are connected to a first lead screw, and the free end of the first lead screw is connected to the side wall of the through groove. Each of the two first lead screws is provided with a first slider, and the top of the first slider is connected to a connector for connecting the tunnel model to be tested.
[0007] Preferably, the moving mechanism includes a second lead screw disposed inside the mounting groove, the top end of the second lead screw passing through the mounting groove and connected to a drive motor disposed at one end of the top of the vertical plate, adjacent second lead screws being connected by a transmission assembly, a second slider being disposed on the second lead screw, and a pressure applying mechanism being connected to the second slider.
[0008] Preferably, the two second lead screws set on the same vertical plate and the second lead screws set on the same side of the two vertical plates are connected by a transmission assembly.
[0009] Preferably, the transmission assembly includes a gear mounted on the second lead screw and a chain sleeved on the two gears.
[0010] Preferably, the pressure applying mechanism includes a connecting horizontal plate connected to the second slider. A connecting back plate is provided on one side of the connecting horizontal plate. A first movable pressure plate and a second movable pressure plate are connected to the side of the connecting back plate near the mounting platform via a drive assembly. The first movable pressure plate consists of two symmetrically arranged arc-shaped pressure plates. The two arc-shaped pressure plates are respectively connected to two connecting parts via telescopic rods.
[0011] Preferably, two sets of drive components are symmetrically arranged, each corresponding to one of the two arc-shaped pressure plates. The drive components include a first link, a second link, a third link, and a fourth link. The two ends of the first link and the second link are respectively connected to the sidewalls of the connecting back plate and the arc-shaped pressure plate. One end of the third link is connected to the connection between the second link and the connecting back plate, and the other end is connected to the fourth link. The free end of the fourth link is connected to the second movable pressure plate.
[0012] Preferably, both sides of the bottom of the second movable pressure plate are provided with arc-shaped corners so as not to hinder the movement of the arc-shaped pressure plate.
[0013] Preferably, the first movable pressure plate and the two arc-shaped pressure plates each include a mounting frame. The mounting frame is provided with several springs inside. The bottom of the mounting frame is provided with several through holes corresponding to the springs. A pressure post is inserted into the through hole. One end of the pressure post is connected to the spring. Each through hole inside the mounting frame is provided with a limit cylinder, and the limit cylinder is sleeved around the pressure post.
[0014] This invention also provides a method for simulating tunnel seismic resistance testing, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Adjust the distance between the two connecting parts according to the size of the tunnel model to be tested by adjusting the mechanism to adapt to the tunnel model. While the two connecting parts move, the two arc-shaped pressure plates are moved by the telescopic rod, so that the pressure size of the first movable pressure plate and the second movable pressure plate is consistent with the tunnel model. Step 2: Connect the tunnel model to the connector on the mounting platform, and install the strain gauge, displacement sensor and acceleration sensor on the inner wall of the tunnel model; Step 3: Start the drive motor, and the four second lead screws rotate simultaneously through the transmission assembly. The second slider moves and drives the pressure application mechanism to descend, so that the first movable pressure plate and the second movable pressure plate apply pressure to the tunnel model. Step 4: Start the electromagnetic vibration table to generate vibration. The electromagnetic vibration table drives the tunnel model to vibrate. During the vibration process, strain gauges, displacement sensors and acceleration sensors monitor the data in real time and feed it back to the terminal for storage.
[0015] Therefore, the present invention employs the aforementioned tunnel seismic simulation testing device and method. The adjustable mechanism can be adjusted according to tunnel models of different sizes, thereby enabling the connecting parts to connect and fix tunnel models of different sizes. While the adjustable mechanism is being adjusted, the pressure application component can dynamically adjust the pressure application area composed of the first movable pressure plate and the second movable pressure plate according to the adjustment distance of the adjustable mechanism, in order to accommodate tunnel models of different sizes, thereby improving the adaptability of the device and enhancing the uniformity of pressure on the tunnel surface during vibration testing, thus improving the accuracy of the test.
[0016] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description
[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a tunnel seismic simulation testing device according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a side view of a tunnel seismic simulation testing device according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the mounting bracket according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the pressure application mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a side view of the pressure application mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the second movable pressure plate in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the pressure application mechanism in Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a flowchart of a tunnel seismic simulation test method according to the present invention; Reference numerals: 1. Base; 2. Electromagnetic vibration table; 3. Mounting platform; 4. Through slot; 5. Dual-axis motor; 6. First lead screw; 7. First slider; 8. Connector; 9. Mounting frame; 91. Vertical plate; 92. Top plate; 10. Mounting slot; 11. Second lead screw; 12. Drive motor; 13. Second slider; 14. Gear; 15. Chain; 16. Telescopic rod; 17. Connecting horizontal plate; 18. Connecting back plate; 19. Arc-shaped pressure plate; 20. Second movable pressure plate; 21. First connecting rod; 22. Second connecting rod; 23. Third connecting rod; 24. Fourth connecting rod; 25. Mounting frame; 26. Spring; 27. Pressure column; 28. Limiting cylinder; 29. Sector gear. Detailed Implementation
[0018] The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.
[0019] Please see Figures 1-3 A tunnel seismic simulation testing device includes a base 1 and an electromagnetic vibration table 2 disposed above the base 1. An installation platform 3 is disposed above the electromagnetic vibration table 2. A through groove 4 is opened on the top of the installation platform 3. An adjustment mechanism is disposed inside the through groove 4, including a dual-axis motor 5 disposed at the center of the through groove 4. Both ends of the dual-axis motor 5 are connected to first lead screws 6, and the free ends of the first lead screws 6 are rotatably connected to the side wall of the through groove 4. Each of the two first lead screws 6 is provided with a first slider 7. A connector 8 is connected to the top of the first slider 7 for connecting the tunnel model to be tested. Driven by the dual-axis motor 5, the two second sliders 13 drive the connector 8 to move towards each other, thereby adapting to tunnel models of different sizes.
[0020] A mounting frame 9 is also provided above the base 1. The mounting frame 9 includes vertical plates 91 on both sides of the electromagnetic vibration table 2 and a top plate 92 connecting the two vertical plates 91. Depending on the actual use, the vertical plates 91 and the top plate 92 can be provided with columns or other shapes. The two ends of the vertical plate 91 near the mounting table 3 are provided with mounting grooves 10. A moving mechanism is provided inside the mounting groove 10, including a second lead screw 11 inside the mounting groove 10. The top end of any second lead screw 11 passes through the mounting groove 10 and is connected to a drive motor 12 at one end of the top of the vertical plate 91. Adjacent second lead screws 11 are connected by a transmission assembly. Specifically, two second lead screws 11 on the same vertical plate 91 and second lead screws 11 on the same side of two vertical plates 91 are connected by a transmission assembly. The transmission assembly includes gears 14 on the second lead screws 11 and chains 15 sleeved on the two gears 14. This enables one drive motor 12 to drive four second lead screws 11 to rotate simultaneously, saving power while making the four second lead screws 11 rotate synchronously. A second slider 13 is provided on the second lead screw 11, and a pressure applying mechanism is connected to the second slider 13.
[0021] The pressure-applying mechanism includes a connecting horizontal plate 17 connected to the second slider 13. A connecting back plate 18 is provided on one side of the connecting horizontal plate 17. The side of the connecting back plate 18 near the mounting platform 3 is connected to a first movable pressure plate and a second movable pressure plate 20 via a drive assembly. The first movable pressure plate consists of two symmetrically arranged arc-shaped pressure plates 19, which better conforms to the curvature of the tunnel model. Two sets of drive assemblies are symmetrically arranged, corresponding to the two arc-shaped pressure plates 19 respectively. The drive assembly includes a first connecting rod 21, a second connecting rod 22, a third connecting rod 23, and a fourth connecting rod 24. The two ends of the first connecting rod 21 and the second connecting rod 22 are respectively connected to the side walls of the connecting back plate 18 and the arc-shaped pressure plate 19. One end of the third connecting rod 23 is connected to the connection between the second connecting rod 22 and the connecting back plate 18, and the other end is connected to the fourth connecting rod 24. The free end of the fourth connecting rod 24 is connected to the second movable pressure plate 20. Arc-shaped corners are provided on both sides of the bottom of the second movable pressure plate 20, so as not to hinder the movement of the arc-shaped pressure plates 19.
[0022] like Figure 6 As shown, the first movable pressure plate and the two arc-shaped pressure plates 19 each include a mounting frame 25. The mounting frame 25 is provided with several springs 26 inside. The bottom of the mounting frame 25 is provided with several through holes corresponding to the springs 26. Pressure columns 27 are inserted into the through holes. One end of the pressure column 27 is connected to the spring 26. Each through hole inside the mounting frame 25 is provided with a limiting sleeve 28, and the limiting sleeve 28 is sleeved around the pressure column 27.
[0023] like Figure 8 As shown, the testing method of the above-mentioned tunnel seismic simulation testing device includes the following steps: Step 1: Adjust the distance between the two connecting parts 8 according to the size of the tunnel model to be tested by adjusting the mechanism to adapt to the tunnel model. While the two connecting parts 8 move, the two arc-shaped pressure plates 19 are moved by the telescopic rod 16, so that the pressure size of the first movable pressure plate and the second movable pressure plate 20 is consistent with the tunnel model. Step 2: Connect the tunnel model to the connector 8 on the mounting platform 3, and install the strain gauge, displacement sensor and acceleration sensor on the inner wall of the tunnel model. Step 3: Start the drive motor 12, and the four second lead screws 11 rotate simultaneously through the transmission assembly. The second slider 13 moves and drives the pressure application mechanism to descend, so that the first movable pressure plate and the second movable pressure plate 20 apply pressure to the tunnel model. Step 4: Start the electromagnetic vibration table 2 to generate vibration. The electromagnetic vibration table 2 drives the tunnel model to vibrate. During the vibration process, the strain gauge, displacement sensor and acceleration sensor monitor the data in real time and feed it back to the terminal for storage.
[0024] Example 1 like Figures 4-5 As shown, according to the above-mentioned tunnel seismic simulation test device, the two connecting parts 8 are connected to the corresponding two arc-shaped pressure plates 19 through telescopic rods 16. Thus, when the distance between the two connecting parts 8 is adjusted according to the tunnel model, the movement of the two arc-shaped pressure plates can be driven simultaneously. Due to the connecting action of the first connecting rod 21, the second connecting rod 22, the third connecting rod 23, and the fourth connecting rod 24, the second movable pressure plate 20 moves, forming a pressure-applying mechanism together with the two arc-shaped pressure plates 19, thereby applying pressure to the tunnel model. When the two arc-shaped pressure plates 19 are in the combined state, the second movable pressure plate 20 is directly above the two arc-shaped pressure plates 19. As the two arc-shaped pressure plates 19 move to both sides, the second movable pressure plate 20 gradually moves into the gap created by the two arc-shaped pressure plates 19. Due to the tunnel model's structure, which is high in the middle and low on both sides, even if the second movable pressure plate 20 is not parallel to the two arc-shaped pressure plates 19, it does not hinder the pressure application process.
[0025] Example 2 like Figure 7 As shown, according to the above-mentioned tunnel seismic simulation test device, a sector gear 29 is also provided at the connection of the second connecting rod 22, the third connecting rod 23 and the connecting back plate 18, and the two sector gears 29 are in a meshing state. The distance between the two connecting parts 8 is adjusted according to the tunnel model. At the same time, according to the distance between the two connecting parts 8 or the size of the tunnel model, one of the sector gears 29 is rotated manually or by setting other driving devices, thereby driving the two arc-shaped pressure plates 19 to move to both sides by the same distance, achieving the same effect as in Embodiment 1.
[0026] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned tunnel seismic simulation test device and test method. Through the setting of the adjustment mechanism, the pressure application mechanism and the structure between the two, the device can accommodate tunnel models of different sizes, improve the adaptability of the device, and improve the uniformity of pressure on the tunnel surface during vibration test, thereby improving the accuracy of the test.
[0027] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and these modifications or equivalent substitutions cannot cause the modified technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims
1. A tunnel seismic simulation testing device, comprising a base and an electromagnetic vibration table disposed above the base, characterized in that: An installation platform is provided above the electromagnetic vibration table. A through groove is opened on the top of the installation platform, and an adjustment mechanism is installed inside the through groove. An installation frame is also provided above the base. The installation frame includes vertical plates on both sides of the electromagnetic vibration table and a top plate connecting the two vertical plates. Installation grooves are opened at both ends on the side of the vertical plates closest to the installation platform. A moving mechanism is installed inside the installation groove. A pressure mechanism is connected to the moving mechanism, and one side of the pressure mechanism is connected to the adjustment mechanism through a telescopic rod.
2. The tunnel seismic simulation testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustment mechanism includes a dual-axis motor located at the center of the through slot. Both ends of the dual-axis motor are connected to a first lead screw, and the free end of the first lead screw is connected to the side wall of the through slot. Each of the two first lead screws is equipped with a first slider, and the top of the first slider is connected to a connector for connecting the tunnel model to be tested.
3. The tunnel seismic simulation testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The moving mechanism includes a second lead screw disposed inside the mounting slot. The top end of the second lead screw passes through the mounting slot and is connected to a drive motor disposed at one end of the top of the vertical plate. Adjacent second lead screws are connected by a transmission assembly. A second slider is disposed on the second lead screw, and a pressure applying mechanism is connected to the second slider.
4. The tunnel seismic simulation testing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The two second lead screws set on the same vertical plate and the second lead screws set on the same side of the two vertical plates are connected by a transmission assembly.
5. The tunnel seismic simulation testing device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The transmission assembly includes a gear mounted on the second lead screw and a chain sleeved on the two gears.
6. The tunnel seismic simulation testing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The pressure-applying mechanism includes a connecting horizontal plate connected to the second slider. A connecting back plate is provided on one side of the connecting horizontal plate. A first movable pressure plate and a second movable pressure plate are connected to the side of the connecting back plate near the mounting platform via a drive assembly. The first movable pressure plate consists of two symmetrically arranged arc-shaped pressure plates. The two arc-shaped pressure plates are respectively connected to two connecting parts via telescopic rods.
7. The tunnel seismic simulation testing device according to claim 6, characterized in that: Two sets of drive components are symmetrically arranged, each corresponding to one of the two arc-shaped pressure plates. The drive components include a first link, a second link, a third link, and a fourth link. The two ends of the first link and the second link are connected to the side walls of the connecting back plate and the arc-shaped pressure plate, respectively. One end of the third link is connected to the connection between the second link and the connecting back plate, and the other end is connected to the fourth link. The free end of the fourth link is connected to the second movable pressure plate.
8. The tunnel seismic simulation testing device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The second movable pressure plate has curved corners on both sides of its bottom, so as not to hinder the movement of the curved pressure plate.
9. A tunnel seismic simulation testing device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first movable pressure plate and the two arc-shaped pressure plates each include a mounting frame. The mounting frame contains several springs, and the bottom of the mounting frame has several through holes corresponding to the springs. Pressure columns are inserted into the through holes, and one end of the pressure column is connected to the spring. Each through hole inside the mounting frame is provided with a limit cylinder, and the limit cylinder is sleeved around the pressure column.
10. A method for simulating and testing the seismic resistance of tunnels, characterized in that, The tunnel seismic simulation testing device according to any one of claims 1-9 comprises the following steps: Step 1: Adjust the distance between the two connecting parts according to the size of the tunnel model to be tested by adjusting the mechanism to adapt to the tunnel model. While the two connecting parts move, the two arc-shaped pressure plates are moved by the telescopic rod, so that the pressure size of the first movable pressure plate and the second movable pressure plate is consistent with the tunnel model. Step 2: Connect the tunnel model to the connector on the mounting platform, and install the strain gauge, displacement sensor and acceleration sensor on the inner wall of the tunnel model; Step 3: Start the drive motor, and the four second lead screws rotate simultaneously through the transmission assembly. The second slider moves and drives the pressure application mechanism to descend, so that the first movable pressure plate and the second movable pressure plate apply pressure to the tunnel model. Step 4: Start the electromagnetic vibration table to generate vibration. The electromagnetic vibration table drives the tunnel model to vibrate. During the vibration process, strain gauges, displacement sensors and acceleration sensors monitor the data in real time and feed it back to the terminal for storage.