Engineering mechanical and electrical installation method based on BIM

Abstract

The invention provides a BIM (Building Information Modeling)-based engineering electromechanical installation method. The method comprises the following steps: establishing an engineering electromechanical BIM model; carrying out model collision check and optimization; construction simulation and scheme making are carried out; field installation and implementation; and installation acceptance and model filing. According to the method, the geometric and attribute integrated BIM model is constructed through data collection and digital drawing review, full-dimensional collision detection is carried out, key pipeline specification requirements are preferably guaranteed, model data reliability is guaranteed, construction disjunction caused by drawing errors is avoided, the problem of pipeline collision is solved in advance, and the construction efficiency is improved. Material waste and construction period delay of dismantling and reassembling in the construction stage are reduced, meanwhile, the risk of illegal acceptance of key pipelines is reduced, and the limited space utilization rate is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of engineering electromechanical installation technology, specifically a BIM-based engineering electromechanical installation method. Background Technology

[0002] Mechanical and electrical installation is a core part of engineering construction, directly affecting building functions and operation and maintenance costs. The traditional model is based on two-dimensional drawings combined with the experience of construction personnel: the design unit provides two-dimensional drawings for each discipline, the construction unit manually interprets the drawings and formulates plans based on experience, on-site measurement and positioning are done manually, and acceptance and archiving rely on paper documents.

[0003] However, traditional methods have obvious drawbacks: First, the information in two-dimensional drawings is fragmented, making it difficult to predict hard collisions (physical intersections) and soft collisions (inadequate spacing) between pipelines from multiple disciplines. Conflicts are often discovered on-site, requiring demolition and rework, wasting resources and delaying the construction period. Second, the construction plan is rough, lacking visual simulation, with poor planning of key processes, chaotic cross-operations, and difficulty in controlling safety risks in high-risk links. Third, the accuracy of on-site manual positioning is low, paper records of construction data are easily lost, and subsequent quality problems are difficult to trace. Fourth, there is no visual benchmark for acceptance, standards are vague and prone to disputes, archived materials are unrelated, and there is a lack of data support for later operation and maintenance, resulting in low efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a BIM-based engineering electromechanical installation method to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] A BIM-based method for engineering electromechanical installation includes:

[0007] S1: Establish an engineering electromechanical BIM model, collect design drawings, technical parameters and site environmental data related to electromechanical installation, and use BIM software to build a three-dimensional model including electromechanical pipelines, equipment and supports;

[0008] S2: Conduct model collision checks and optimizations. Perform collision detection within and between disciplines on the constructed BIM model, identify pipeline intersections and spatial conflicts, and adjust the model layout based on the inspection results to optimize pipeline routing and equipment installation locations.

[0009] S3: Conduct construction simulation and scheme development. Based on the optimized BIM model, simulate the entire process of electromechanical installation, determine the construction sequence, personnel configuration and equipment entry plan, and generate a visual construction scheme.

[0010] S4: On-site installation and implementation, importing BIM model data into on-site construction equipment, guiding the on-site assembly and fixing of electromechanical pipelines and equipment through model positioning, and recording construction process data simultaneously;

[0011] S5: Installation Acceptance and Model Archiving. The installation results are inspected according to the pre-set acceptance standards of the BIM model. After the acceptance is qualified, the model data is updated to form a BIM model containing construction records and acceptance reports and then archived.

[0012] Preferably, the BIM software in S1 includes Revit and Navisworks, and the constructed three-dimensional model includes pipeline specifications, equipment models, material parameters, and load level information of supports and hangers for the electromechanical industry.

[0013] Preferably, in step S2, the collision check includes hard collision and soft collision. After the check is completed, a collision report is generated. When optimizing and adjusting, the design specifications of fire protection pipelines and power pipelines should be guaranteed first, and then the overall pipeline layout should be coordinated.

[0014] Preferably, in S3, the construction simulation needs to cover the simulation of key process time nodes, space occupation, and safety risks, and optimize the construction plan based on the simulation results to reduce safety hazards of high-altitude operations and cross-operations.

[0015] Preferably, in step S4, during on-site installation, a mobile terminal is used to retrieve the BIM model, and AR technology is used to overlay the model with the actual site scene to achieve precise positioning of pipelines and equipment. The positioning error is controlled within ±3mm. Construction process data is uploaded to the BIM model in real time through the mobile terminal to form a construction process traceability record.

[0016] Preferably, before on-site installation, a prefabrication step is added. Based on the optimized BIM model, the pipeline prefabrication list is broken down, including the length, interface type, and opening position of each pipeline segment. The list data is then transmitted to the prefabrication plant, where pipeline prefabrication is completed using CNC machine tools. After prefabrication, a QR code containing BIM model positioning information is affixed to each pipeline segment. During on-site installation, the QR code is scanned to retrieve the corresponding model coordinates, achieving precise matching between the prefabricated pipeline and the on-site installation, thus shortening on-site operation time.

[0017] Preferably, in step S5, the acceptance criteria need to be preset in the BIM model, including pipeline slope, equipment installation verticality, and interface sealing. The archived BIM model needs to be associated with material qualification certificates and test reports during the construction process to form a traceable digital archive of electromechanical installation.

[0018] Preferably, before building the model, the collected design drawings need to be digitally reviewed to correct dimensional deviations and annotation errors in the drawings, ensure the accuracy of the model data source, and use the drawing comparison function of BIM software to perform layer matching verification between the scanned copies of paper drawings and the digital model.

[0019] Preferably, if the on-site environment does not match the model during the on-site installation process, the BIM model needs to be updated in real time, a change plan needs to be generated, and construction can only continue after the design unit confirms it. The change record is also included in the model archive.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0021] This invention constructs a BIM model integrating geometry and attributes through data collection and digital drawing review, and conducts full-dimensional collision detection while prioritizing the compliance of key pipeline specifications. This ensures the reliability of model data, avoids construction disruptions caused by drawing errors, resolves pipeline collision issues in advance, reduces material waste and construction delays during the demolition and reassembly phase, lowers the risk of non-compliance acceptance of key pipelines, and improves the utilization rate of limited space.

[0022] This invention uses a BIM model to conduct full-process construction simulation to identify loopholes in the plan, optimize personnel allocation, and reduce safety risks. During on-site installation, it combines CNC machine tools with prefabricated pipelines and AR real-scene positioning to reduce on-site workload and shorten the construction period. It also uses mobile terminals to upload construction data in real time and standardize the handling of on-site changes, thereby improving the overall construction accuracy, efficiency, and process control quality, and reducing the risk of rework.

[0023] This invention conducts inspections based on pre-set acceptance standards in the BIM model to clarify parameters and reduce acceptance disputes. After acceptance, the model is updated and archived by associating construction records and material certificates. This provides a basis for project settlement and provides accurate data support for equipment maintenance and troubleshooting in the subsequent operation and maintenance phase, extending the value of BIM technology throughout its entire life cycle and reducing later operation and maintenance costs. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the electromechanical installation process for the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the BIM model construction process of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the collision checking and optimization process of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating the on-site installation and prefabrication connection process of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the acceptance and model archiving process for this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] Example:

[0031] Please see Figures 1 to 5 The present invention provides a technical solution:

[0032] A BIM-based method for engineering electromechanical installation includes the following steps:

[0033] S1: Establish an engineering electromechanical BIM model, collect design drawings, technical parameters and site environmental data related to electromechanical installation, and use BIM software to build a three-dimensional model including electromechanical pipelines, equipment and supports;

[0034] S2: Conduct model collision checks and optimizations. Perform collision detection within and between disciplines on the constructed BIM model, identify pipeline intersections and spatial conflicts, and adjust the model layout based on the inspection results to optimize pipeline routing and equipment installation locations.

[0035] S3: Conduct construction simulation and scheme development. Based on the optimized BIM model, simulate the entire process of electromechanical installation, determine the construction sequence, personnel configuration and equipment entry plan, and generate a visual construction scheme.

[0036] S4: On-site installation and implementation, importing BIM model data into on-site construction equipment, guiding the on-site assembly and fixing of electromechanical pipelines and equipment through model positioning, and recording construction process data simultaneously;

[0037] S5: Installation Acceptance and Model Archiving. The installation results are inspected according to the pre-set acceptance standards of the BIM model. After the acceptance is qualified, the model data is updated to form a BIM model containing construction records and acceptance reports and then archived.

[0038] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, in S1, the first step is to conduct multi-dimensional data collection. This requires collecting design drawings related to electromechanical installation, including floor plans, sections, and detailed drawings of various disciplines such as water supply, drainage, HVAC, and electrical systems. Simultaneously, it involves collecting technical parameters of electromechanical equipment and pipelines, such as pipeline specifications and materials, equipment models and rated parameters, and the load-bearing capacity of supports and hangers. Furthermore, it's necessary to acquire on-site environmental data through methods such as laser scanning and on-site mapping, focusing on recording the location and dimensions of structural beams and floor slabs, the coordinates and diameters of reserved holes, and parameters such as the height and width of the on-site work space. This ensures that the subsequent model can better match the actual on-site scenario.

[0039] Before formally building the model, a digital review of the design drawings is essential. Using the drawing comparison function of BIM software, paper drawings are scanned into digital format and imported into the software. Layer matching and verification are then performed against the initially constructed digital model. Careful checks are made to verify dimensional deviations and annotation errors in the drawings. Any problems are corrected promptly to prevent discrepancies between the subsequent model and on-site construction due to drawing errors, ensuring the reliability of the model's data source.

[0040] After data preparation and drawing review, appropriate BIM software can be selected to build a 3D model. Software commonly used in the industry and with strong compatibility, such as Revit and Navisworks, is typically chosen. During modeling, sub-models should be built separately for each MEP (Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing) discipline, and then integrated across all disciplines to clearly present the spatial relationships of MEP pipelines, equipment, and supports. When creating model components, the previously collected technical parameters and components must be correlated one-to-one. For example, matching specification and material information to each pipeline segment, matching model and rated parameters to each piece of equipment, and labeling load levels to each support. This ensures that the constructed 3D model not only has spatial geometry but also contains complete attribute information, forming an integrated geometric and attribute engineering MEP BIM model, providing model support for subsequent clash detection, construction simulation, and other stages.

[0041] After the model is built, a preliminary check for completeness and accuracy is required. This involves verifying whether each professional model covers all design content, whether the component attribute information is complete and accurate, and whether the connection nodes between the professional models match. If any issues are found, such as missing component parameters, incorrect parameters, or mismatched nodes, these should be promptly supplemented and corrected to ensure that the output engineering MEP BIM model can be directly used in subsequent construction phases, thereby reducing construction risks and rework costs caused by model problems from the outset.

[0042] Specifically, such as Figure 3 As shown, in S2, the engineering MEP BIM model completed in S1 must first be completely imported into professional BIM clash analysis software. This ensures that all MEP pipelines, equipment, and support structures are accurately imported without any missing components or attribute parameters, providing a complete model foundation for subsequent clash detection. After importation, the clash detection function is activated to comprehensively investigate clashes within and between disciplines. This includes identifying not only hard clashes between pipelines and equipment, and between pipelines themselves (i.e., entity intersections), but also soft clashes, i.e., situations where the spacing between pipelines and equipment does not meet industry design specifications. This ensures that all spatial conflicts that may affect construction are covered and detected.

[0043] After the inspection is completed, the system will automatically generate a detailed collision report. The report will clearly indicate the specific location of each collision, the types of electromechanical components involved, and the specific type of collision, facilitating quick problem identification and analysis by staff. Once the collision report is received, the model layout will be optimized and adjusted. During this process, a clear priority principle must be followed, prioritizing the design specifications of fire protection pipelines and high-voltage electrical pipelines. These two types of pipelines are directly related to the project's fire safety and power supply safety, and are crucial to engineering compliance and operational safety. After meeting their specifications, the layout of other professional pipelines, such as water supply and drainage pipelines and HVAC pipelines, will be coordinated based on the actual site conditions. Various collision issues will be resolved by adjusting pipeline routing, optimizing equipment installation locations, and rationally planning support and hanger settings.

[0044] After optimization and adjustments are completed, a second clash detection test needs to be performed on the adjusted BIM model to verify that all clash issues have been resolved. If any unresolved clash points remain, further optimization and adjustments are required until the model passes the second clash detection test, ensuring that the final optimized model output is free of any spatial conflicts. This process can resolve potential on-site clash issues that may occur during traditional construction in advance within the virtual model, avoiding situations where demolition and reinstallation are necessary due to pipeline conflicts during the construction phase. This reduces material waste and project delays, prioritizes compliance with the specifications of critical pipelines, lowers the risk of projects failing acceptance due to non-compliance with critical pipeline regulations, and improves the utilization rate of limited space through reasonable optimization of pipeline layout.

[0045] Specifically, in S3, based on the optimized BIM model from S2, construction simulation software is imported to conduct a full-process simulation of electromechanical installation, focusing on the simulation of key processes' time nodes, space occupancy, and safety risks. Based on the simulation results, the construction plan is optimized, such as adjusting the sequence of conflicting processes, dividing work areas reasonably, and improving safety protection measures. Ultimately, a visualized construction plan is generated, including dynamic model simulation and a progress Gantt chart. Through simulation, flaws in the plan can be identified in advance, reducing the number of on-site adjustments, optimizing the efficiency of personnel and equipment configuration, and simultaneously reducing the safety risks of high-altitude operations and overlapping work, ensuring both project schedule and construction safety.

[0046] Specifically, such as Figure 4 As shown, in S4, the pipeline prefabrication list is first broken down based on the BIM model optimized in S2, and the length, interface type and opening position of each pipeline segment are determined. The list data is then transmitted to the prefabrication plant, and the pipeline prefabrication is completed by CNC machine tools. After prefabrication, a QR code containing BIM model positioning information is affixed to each pipeline segment.

[0047] After the prefabricated pipelines are transported to the site, construction workers use mobile devices to access the BIM model. Using AR technology, they overlay the model onto the actual site, achieving precise positioning of the pipelines and equipment with an error controlled within ±3mm. During on-site installation, scanning the QR code on the pipeline retrieves the corresponding model coordinates, quickly completing the precise matching of the prefabricated pipelines with the site structure, followed by the assembly and fixing of the pipelines and equipment.

[0048] During installation, construction personnel use mobile terminals to upload process data such as construction time, operators, and interface sealing tests to the BIM model in real time, forming a complete construction traceability record. If the site environment does not match the model, the BIM model must be updated in real time and a change plan generated. Construction can only continue after confirmation by the design unit, and the change record is simultaneously included in the model archive. Prefabrication reduces on-site cutting and welding work, shortening the on-site construction period; AR positioning ensures installation accuracy and reduces the risk of rework; real-time data upload and change standard management further improve construction quality and process control efficiency.

[0049] Specifically, in S5, on-site inspection is first conducted based on the pre-set acceptance standards in the BIM model. These standards clearly cover key parameters such as pipeline slope, equipment installation verticality, and interface sealing, ensuring that the acceptance criteria are consistent with the initial model design requirements and avoiding the problem of ambiguous standards in traditional acceptance. During inspection, the installation results are checked item by item against the model. If any non-conformities are found (such as substandard pipeline slope or excessive deviation in equipment verticality), the BIM model must be updated in real time to record the problem, and then a targeted change plan must be generated. After confirmation by the design unit, the rectification is completed, and the rectification record is simultaneously incorporated into the model.

[0050] After acceptance, the BIM model data is further updated, linking key documents such as construction records, acceptance reports, material qualification certificates, and equipment inspection reports with the corresponding components in the model to ensure that every installation outcome is traceable to its source data. This ultimately creates a digital archive of the electromechanical installation containing full-process information, which is then archived in a standard format (such as IFC format) and transferred to the construction and operation and maintenance units. By setting pre-defined standards, acceptance efficiency is improved, and acceptance disputes are reduced. The archived model, linked to full-process data, not only provides a basis for project settlement but also provides precise data support for equipment maintenance and troubleshooting in the subsequent operation and maintenance phase, extending the full lifecycle value of BIM technology and reducing later operation and maintenance costs.

[0051] This invention provides a BIM-based method for engineering electromechanical installation. First, design drawings, technical parameters, and site environmental data are collected. After digital drawing review, a complete 3D model containing electromechanical pipelines, equipment, and supports is constructed using specialized software. Next, clash detection is performed on the model within and between disciplines. Based on the results, and prioritizing key pipeline specifications, the model layout is optimized. Then, the entire installation process is simulated based on the optimized model, determining relevant construction plans and generating a visual solution. During on-site implementation, precise installation is achieved by combining pipeline prefabrication and AR real-scene positioning, with construction data uploaded synchronously. When discrepancies arise between the site and the model, the model is updated and revised accordingly. Finally, acceptance is conducted according to the model's preset standards. Upon successful acceptance, the model is updated with the entire construction process data and archived for handover. This method effectively solves problems such as drawing errors and frequent clashes in traditional construction, improving installation efficiency and quality while reducing costs and safety risks.

[0052] All other parts of this invention not described herein are the same as existing technologies, or are known technologies, or can be implemented using existing technologies, and will not be described in detail here.

[0053] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A BIM-based method for engineering electromechanical installation, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Establish an engineering electromechanical BIM model, collect design drawings, technical parameters and site environment data related to electromechanical installation, and use BIM software to build a three-dimensional model including electromechanical pipelines, equipment and supports; S2: Conduct model collision checks and optimizations. Perform collision detection within and between disciplines on the constructed BIM model, identify pipeline intersections and spatial conflicts, and adjust the model layout based on the inspection results to optimize pipeline routing and equipment installation locations. S3: Conduct construction simulation and scheme development. Based on the optimized BIM model, simulate the entire process of electromechanical installation, determine the construction sequence, personnel configuration and equipment entry plan, and generate a visual construction scheme. S4: On-site installation and implementation, importing BIM model data into on-site construction equipment, guiding the on-site assembly and fixing of electromechanical pipelines and equipment through model positioning, and recording construction process data simultaneously; S5: Installation Acceptance and Model Archiving. The installation results are inspected according to the pre-set acceptance standards of the BIM model. After the acceptance is qualified, the model data is updated to form a BIM model containing construction records and acceptance reports and then archived.

2. The BIM-based engineering electromechanical installation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The BIM software in S1 includes Revit and Navisworks. The constructed three-dimensional model contains information on pipeline specifications, equipment models, material parameters, and load ratings of supports and hangers for the electromechanical industry.

3. The BIM-based electromechanical installation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S2, the collision check includes hard collision and soft collision. After the check is completed, a collision report is generated. When optimizing and adjusting, the design specifications of fire protection pipelines and power pipelines should be guaranteed first, and then the overall pipeline layout should be coordinated.

4. The BIM-based electromechanical installation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S3, the construction simulation needs to cover the simulation of key process time nodes, space occupation, and safety risks. Based on the simulation results, the construction plan should be optimized to reduce the safety hazards of high-altitude operations and cross-operations.

5. The BIM-based engineering electromechanical installation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S4, during on-site installation, a mobile terminal is used to retrieve the BIM model, and AR technology is used to overlay the model with the actual site scene to achieve precise positioning of pipelines and equipment. Construction process data is uploaded to the BIM model in real time through the mobile terminal to form a construction process traceability record.

6. The BIM-based electromechanical installation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before on-site installation, a prefabrication step is added. Based on the optimized BIM model, the pipeline prefabrication list is broken down, including the length of each pipeline segment, interface type, and opening location. The list data is then transmitted to the prefabrication plant, where pipeline prefabrication is completed using CNC machine tools. After prefabrication, a QR code containing BIM model positioning information is affixed to each pipeline segment. During on-site installation, the QR code is scanned to retrieve the corresponding model coordinates, achieving precise matching between the prefabricated pipeline and the on-site installation, thus shortening on-site operation time.

7. The BIM-based engineering electromechanical installation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S5, the acceptance criteria need to be preset in the BIM model, including pipeline slope, equipment installation verticality, and interface sealing. The archived BIM model needs to be associated with material qualification certificates and test reports during the construction process to form a traceable digital archive of electromechanical installation.

8. A BIM-based engineering electromechanical installation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Before building the model, the collected design drawings need to be digitally reviewed to correct dimensional deviations and annotation errors, ensure the accuracy of the model's data source, and use the drawing comparison function of BIM software to perform layer matching verification between scanned copies of paper drawings and the digital model.

9. A BIM-based engineering electromechanical installation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, If the on-site environment does not match the model during the installation process, the BIM model needs to be updated in real time to generate a change plan. Construction can only continue after the design unit confirms the change plan, and the change record is included in the model archive.

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