High-gain magnetoelectric dipole antenna with broadband greater than 100% based on aperture coupled feeding

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-gain magnetoelectric dipole antenna with a broadband greater than 100% based on aperture coupling feed, and solves the technical problems of broadband impedance matching, high-frequency mismatching and stable feed structure. According to the director, double-plane patches are adopted and are arranged in parallel at small intervals; according to the feed structure, a longitudinal slot, a multi-stage gradually-changing stepped dumbbell-shaped slot and a microstrip feeder form a cross-shaped orthogonal composition, broadband impedance matching is optimized, and probe interference is eliminated; the three sections of 90-degree bending type magnetic dipole patches cooperate with the electric dipoles to form a complementary type magnetoelectric dipole pair through a high-low difference design; the column-loaded T-shaped patch is compact and regular in structure, is coupled with a radiation structure, introduces a new resonance point at a low frequency, and enlarges the relative bandwidth. According to the antenna, the overall composite optimization design is adopted, cooperative work is achieved in a limited space, the excellent performance that the relative bandwidth is 108.7%, the peak gain is 11.1 dBi and the cross polarization level is lower than-30 dB is achieved, multiple communication frequency bands are covered, the good radiation characteristic is achieved, and the antenna is suitable for a 5G base station and a Wi-Fi 6 / 6E scene.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of communication technology, and mainly relates to magnetoelectric dipole antennas in antenna technology, specifically a high-gain magnetoelectric dipole antenna with a broadband range greater than 100% based on aperture-coupled feeding. This invention employs an aperture-coupled feeding structure, a dual-plane patch director, and a parasitic structure of a column-mounted T-pattern patch to form a magnetoelectric dipole composite antenna for use in 5G base stations and Wi-Fi 6 / 6E scenarios. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of next-generation wireless communication technologies such as 5G, IoT, and satellite communication, communication systems are placing higher demands on antenna performance. Antennas not only need to cover a wider operating frequency band to be compatible with multiple communication standards, such as 5G NR, Wi-Fi 6 / 6E, and satellite communication, but also need to have high gain to ensure signal transmission distance and anti-interference capabilities. Simultaneously, they must consider low-profile and miniaturized structural characteristics to adapt to diverse installation scenarios such as base stations, vehicle terminals, and IoT gateways. Traditional microstrip antennas, due to their narrow bandwidth, are unable to meet the needs of modern communication systems, thus making the demand for high-performance broadband antennas increasingly urgent.

[0003] Professor Lu of City University of Hong Kong first proposed the magnetoelectric dipole antenna in 2006. As a typical broadband antenna, the magnetoelectric dipole antenna innovatively combines an electric dipole antenna with a magnetic dipole antenna. It uses a planar dipole antenna as the electric dipole and a broadband short-circuited patch antenna as the magnetic dipole. By vertically mounting the short-circuited patch antenna and connecting it to the planar dipole, it successfully achieves the coordinated operation of the two antennas. It possesses excellent radiation characteristics such as wide bandwidth, high gain, and a stable radiation pattern. However, its problems include a relatively high profile of the magnetic dipole and a large overall size; the traditional Γ-shaped feed structure of the magnetoelectric dipole antenna is easily deformed under harsh environments such as vibration and shock, leading to performance degradation.

[0004] Yuan Chen, Fan Chao Zeng, Student Member, Zhi-Ya Zhang, and others proposed a broadband, low-profile magnetoelectric dipole antenna in their paper "A Low-Profile Folded Magnetoelectric Dipole Antenna for Mobile Communication" (IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2025). The antenna consists of a pair of folded, unequal-arm magnetoelectric dipoles, a novel hybrid Γ-type feed structure, and a ground plane. The antenna is excited by a novel Γ-type coaxial feed and incorporates unequal-arm dipole technology to expand the bandwidth by adding more resonant points. However, the antenna still has limitations. While the unequal-arm dipole technology extends the operating frequency range to 1.7 GHz–2.7 GHz with a relative bandwidth of 45%, this bandwidth is still insufficient to cover a wider range of communication bands, such as the main Sub-6 GHz band in 5G communication. Furthermore, the introduced unequal-arm dipole technology increases the antenna size and complicates the antenna structure, increasing the difficulty of design and manufacturing.

[0005] Kang Ding, Yujian Li, Yan Li, Yanjie Wu, Jian-Feng Li, et al., in their published paper "Gain-Improved Wideband Circularly Polarized Magnetoelectric Dipole Antenna"

[0006] A broadband magnetoelectric dipole antenna with a uniformly spaced spiral structure was proposed in "With Parasitic Helix" (IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2023). This antenna consists of a pair of orthogonally placed magnetoelectric dipoles, a microstrip line aperture-coupled feed, and a spiral structure. The microstrip line achieves broadband radiation through a cross-shaped slot on the ground plane, and the gain can be effectively improved by adjusting the spiral design with different turn pitches. The maximum gain reaches 11.95 dBic. However, the antenna operates in the 3.6 GHz–6.25 GHz frequency range, with a relative bandwidth of only 53.8%, covering only the n79 band of the 5 GHz band. Furthermore, this structure increases the antenna size and further increases structural complexity and cost.

[0007] While the methods described above can extend bandwidth, some limitations remain in the actual design process. First, it's difficult to simultaneously achieve both wide bandwidth and high gain. The antenna pattern may change over a wide frequency band, causing a significant drop in effective gain at certain frequencies. Maintaining high gain while achieving wide bandwidth remains a challenge. Second, extending antenna bandwidth often involves more complex antenna structures. This not only increases design complexity but also manufacturing costs. Furthermore, the complex antenna structure poses a challenge to achieving good impedance matching and radiation performance over a wide bandwidth.

[0008] In summary, while existing improvements to magnetoelectric dipole antennas have made some technical progress in bandwidth expansion and gain enhancement, limitations remain: First, bandwidth expansion capabilities are limited, with a maximum relative bandwidth of only 53.8%, failing to cover the wide-band applications required by multi-standard communication systems. Second, gain enhancement comes at the cost of structural simplicity; while some solutions can increase gain to 11.95 dBic, they require the introduction of complex structures such as unequal-arm dipoles and helical units, directly increasing the overall antenna size and manufacturing costs. Third, achieving both gain stability and radiation performance across a wide frequency band is difficult; although some technical solutions can expand the bandwidth to 90%, this comes at the cost of structural complexity, material sensitivity, and gain remaining only around 8 dBi. Significant gain attenuation is also likely to occur in some frequency bands. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by proposing a high-gain magnetoelectric dipole antenna with a bandwidth greater than 100% and high gain based on aperture-coupled feeding. This invention aims to solve the problems of limited operating bandwidth of single-polarized antennas, imperfect impedance matching in some frequency bands of broadband antennas which cannot meet the multi-band transmission requirements of modern communication, and the increased complexity of antenna structure when expanding bandwidth and increasing antenna gain.

[0010] This invention relates to a high-gain magnetoelectric dipole antenna with a broadband range greater than 100% based on aperture-coupled feeding. It includes an electric dipole, a magnetic dipole, an aperture-coupled feeding structure, a parasitic structure, a director, a nylon rod, a dielectric substrate, and a ground plane. A ground plane of the same size as the dielectric substrate is covered above the substrate surface; these are collectively referred to as substrate components. A slot is etched symmetrically about the origin along the longitudinal central axis at the geometric center of the upper surface of the ground plane. A microstrip feed line extends along the transverse central axis past the origin on the back of the dielectric substrate, forming a perpendicular intersection with the rectangular slot. A bent magnetic dipole pair is located directly above the substrate components and symmetrically mounted about the longitudinal central axis. A rectangular planar electric dipole pair is mounted directly above the magnetic dipole pair. This forms a complementary magnetoelectric dipole pair; two parasitic structures are respectively located at the outer ends of the two electric dipoles along the same axis, symmetrically distributed about the longitudinal central axis; a director is provided at the center above the electric dipole; characterized in that the director is a dual-plane patch type director, two rectangular metal patches of the same size are arranged in parallel with a small gap to form a director plane, the director plane is parallel and higher than the plane where the electric dipole is located, and is symmetrically arranged horizontally along the transverse central axis and fixed with a nylon rod; the feeding structure is an aperture-coupled feeding structure, the aperture-coupled feeding structure includes a slot and a microstrip feed line, the slot is set as a slot where a rectangular slot and a stepped dumbbell-shaped slot are orthogonal to each other, and in the rectangular slot A stepped dumbbell-shaped slot is set in the orthogonal direction at the center of the gap. The dumbbell-shaped slot is designed with a multi-level gradually changing stepped slot structure. The longitudinal rectangular slot and the multi-level gradually changing stepped dumbbell-shaped slot form a cross-shaped orthogonal stepped dumbbell-shaped slot in the central area of ​​the floor. The stepped dumbbell-shaped slot coincides with the microstrip feed line on the back of the substrate, forming an aperture-coupled feeding structure. The magnetic dipole is a three-segment 90° bent magnetic dipole, consisting of three metal patches connected at 90°. The three metal patches have the same width but different lengths. In the three-dimensional structure formed by the three bends, the two vertical patches adopt a differentiated height design with the upper part longer than the lower part. The horizontal metal patch in between and the vertical... The metal patches have different lengths but the same width. Through the dual structural features of bending and height difference, the entire magnetic dipole ultimately forms an orthogonal stepped plate-like structure with a "short and straight lower part, horizontal transition, and long and straight upper part" within a limited space. The parasitic structure is a parasitic structure of a column-mounted T-shaped patch. The column is cylindrical, and the center of the cylindrical column is located on the transverse central axis of the antenna. The two T-shaped patches are installed symmetrically about the longitudinal central axis of the antenna. The center of the longitudinal support arm of the T-shaped patch coincides with the center of the cylinder. The transverse support arms are symmetrically arranged inward. The transverse support arms of the two T-shaped patches are smaller than the longitudinal support arms. The two parasitic structures introduce new resonant points at low frequencies, increasing the relative bandwidth.

[0011] The core challenge of current technologies lies in overcoming the inherent trade-off between antenna bandwidth, gain, structural complexity, and cost. The adoption of a pillar-mounted T-type patch parasitic structure introduces a new resonant point at low frequencies and couples it with the main resonant point, significantly expanding the impedance bandwidth. The use of a dual-plane patch director effectively concentrates radiated energy, improving antenna gain without disrupting the radiation mode. Furthermore, the three-segment bent magnetic dipole and the cross-shaped orthogonal stepped dumbbell-shaped slot feed structure, through structural improvements, resolve the contradiction between structure and cost with high integration, ultimately achieving the optimal balance between broadband performance and excellent impedance matching.

[0012] This invention effectively solves the technical problem that simple single-polarization magnetoelectric dipole antennas cannot simultaneously achieve broadband and high-gain performance. In addition, the improved feeding structure of this invention overcomes the technical problems of broadband impedance matching high-frequency mismatch and insufficient stability in traditional designs, as well as the application problems of poor overall antenna operating environment adaptability and complex assembly process.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0014] The antenna features a low-profile design with a reduced profile and enhanced overall rigidity. The magnetic dipoles of this invention are designed as three 90° bent sections, forming an orthogonal stepped plate structure. The overall design consists of three pairs of 90° bent metal magnetic dipoles with different vertical heights. This folded symmetrical magnetic dipole design, by designing the magnetic dipoles as a pair of identical, centrally folded patches, allows the current path to extend in a tortuous manner in space. This low-profile design significantly reduces the antenna's vertical height while maintaining the total current path length and effective radiation area, successfully reducing the height from approximately 0.25λ0 in traditional designs to 0.18λ0. This folded structure not only makes the antenna more compact, with a lower profile and enhanced rigidity, but also effectively reduces the footprint, improves spatial adaptability, and facilitates integrated installation.

[0015] A stepped dumbbell-shaped aperture-coupled feed structure is introduced to effectively improve impedance matching and broaden the operating bandwidth. This invention employs a non-contact aperture-coupled feed structure. The gaps are designed as rectangular gaps 3-5 orthogonal to each other, with the stepped dumbbell-shaped gaps positioned orthogonally in the center of the rectangular gaps 3-5. These stepped dumbbell-shaped gaps are multi-level, gradually changing stepped gaps. The longitudinal rectangular gaps and the multi-level, gradually changing stepped dumbbell-shaped gaps form a cross-shaped orthogonal stepped dumbbell-shaped gap in the center region of the floor. These stepped dumbbell-shaped gaps coincide with the microstrip feed line on the back of the substrate, together forming the aperture-coupled feed structure. The gaps achieve energy transfer and electromagnetic isolation between the microstrip feed line and the radiating structure. This design effectively reduces the mutual coupling between the feed network and the radiating structure, making it particularly suitable for scenarios with stringent requirements for radiation pattern symmetry. By optimizing the gap size, this invention overcomes the common problem of poor impedance matching in some frequency bands of broadband antennas. While maintaining structural simplicity, it achieves effective bandwidth expansion and good impedance matching characteristics across the entire frequency band.

[0016] This invention designs a column-mounted T-pattern parasitic structure to significantly extend the antenna's operating bandwidth by exciting multiple resonant points. The parasitic structure is a column-mounted T-pattern parasitic structure with a cylindrical column 4-1. The center of the cylindrical column is located on the antenna's transverse central axis. Two T-patterns are mounted mirror-symmetrically about the antenna's longitudinal central axis. The center of the longitudinal support arm 4-2 of the T-pattern coincides with the center of the cylinder. The transverse support arms 4-3 are symmetrically arranged inwards, and the transverse support arms 4-3 of the two T-patterns are smaller than the longitudinal support arms 4-2. This invention introduces this column-mounted T-pattern parasitic structure at both ends of the outer side of the electric dipole, enabling energy coupling with the radiating structure and exciting induced currents on the surface of the parasitic structure. This design successfully introduces new resonant points at low frequencies such as 2.4 GHz and 2.8 GHz, increasing the antenna's relative bandwidth from 75.48% to 106.4%, effectively overcoming the bottleneck of limited bandwidth extension in traditional broadband antennas. The parasitic structure used in this invention is simple, easy to process and assemble, and has good adaptability to large-scale production.

[0017] An integrated top director enhances antenna gain and impedance matching performance: The director of this invention is a dual-plane patch type, consisting of two identical rectangular metal patches arranged in parallel with a small gap to form the director plane. The director plane is parallel to and higher than the plane containing the electric dipole, and is symmetrically positioned horizontally along the transverse central axis. A suitable amount of inductance is introduced by adjusting the electromagnetic coupling between the director and the radiating structure. Through optimization of the director dimensions, this invention further increases the relative bandwidth to 108.7% while successfully improving the average gain of the operating frequency band from 5.1 dBi to 8.15 dBi, with a peak gain of 11.1 dBi. This design overcomes the challenge of gain degradation in broadband antennas at high frequencies, allowing energy to be more concentrated and directed towards the target, better meeting the demands of modern communication systems for multi-band, high-performance transmission. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the slit in the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a top view of the overall structure of the invention;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a side view of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 5 This is a dimensioned diagram of the slit structure of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the microstrip feed line of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 7 This is a current distribution diagram at various frequencies during excitation of the present invention; wherein, Figure 7 (a) is a schematic diagram of the simulated current intensity at 2.8 GHz. Figure 7 (b) is a schematic diagram of the simulated current intensity at 4.6 GHz. Figure 7 (c) is a schematic diagram of the simulated current intensity at 6.5 GHz, and (d) is a schematic diagram of the simulated current intensity at 7.5 GHz.

[0025] Figure 8 The simulation curves of the reflection coefficient of this invention in the 2GHz-8GHz range are shown.

[0026] Figure 9 The figure shows the gain simulation curves of this invention in the 2GHz-8GHz range;

[0027] Figure 10 As the antenna prototype of this invention, a nylon rod is used to fix the directional device;

[0028] Figure 11 This is the simulated radiation pattern of the present invention, wherein, Figure 11 (a) shows the simulated radiation pattern at 2.8 Hz. Figure 11 (b) shows the simulated radiation pattern at 4.6 GHz. Figure 11 (c) shows the simulated radiation pattern at 6.5 GHz. Figure 11 (d) is the simulated radiation pattern at 7.5 GHz.

[0029] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0030] Example 1: With the continuous development of 4G and 5G communication technologies, the requirements for antenna transmission performance and adaptability are constantly increasing. However, existing antenna technologies struggle to overcome the inherent trade-offs between bandwidth, gain, structural complexity, and cost. They also suffer from insufficient bandwidth coverage, poor process feasibility and environmental robustness, and limitations in large-scale applications. Even simple, low-cost designs face challenges such as narrow bandwidth, low and unstable gain, and high cross-polarization levels. To address these issues, this invention conducts research and analysis, proposing a high-gain magnetoelectric dipole antenna with a broadband range greater than 100% based on aperture-coupled feeding.

[0031] This invention relates to a high-gain magnetoelectric dipole antenna with a broadband range greater than 100% based on aperture-coupled feeding. It includes an electric dipole, a magnetic dipole, an aperture-coupled feeding structure, a parasitic structure, a director, a nylon rod, a dielectric substrate, and a ground plane. A ground plane of the same size as the dielectric substrate is covered above the substrate surface; these are collectively referred to as substrate components. A slot is etched symmetrically about the origin along the longitudinal axis of the ground plane (which is also the longitudinal axis of the antenna) at the geometric center of the ground plane's upper surface. A microstrip feed line extends along the transverse axis of the ground plane, passing through the origin on the back of the dielectric substrate, forming a perpendicular intersection with the rectangular slot. Feed structures include coaxial feeding and L-probe feeding; the feeding structure of this invention belongs to the aperture-coupled feeding structure. A bent magnetic dipole pair is located directly above the substrate component and symmetrically mounted about the longitudinal axis, situated on both sides of the antenna's longitudinal axis. A rectangular planar electric dipole pair is mounted directly above the magnetic dipole pair, situated on both sides of the antenna's longitudinal axis, forming a complementary magnetoelectric dipole pair with the bent magnetic dipole pair. Two parasitic structures are positioned at the outer ends of the two electric dipoles along the transverse central axis of the ground plane, symmetrically distributed about the longitudinal central axis of the antenna. A director is positioned centrally above the electric dipoles, which helps to enhance the antenna's directivity and increase its gain; see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 1 , Figure 1The diagram shows the overall structure of the invention. The director is a dual-plane patch director 5, positioned directly above the electric dipole. Two identical rectangular metal patches are arranged in parallel with a small gap to form the director plane. The director plane is parallel to and higher than the plane containing the electric dipole 1, and is symmetrically arranged horizontally along the transverse central axis. The two rectangular metal patches are arranged with a small gap along the transverse central axis, with a fixed distance between them and the floor. The director plane is fixed using a nylon rod, which combines insulation performance and mechanical stability while adapting to the needs of radio frequency scenarios, avoiding signal interference. The dual-plane patch director of this invention has superior directivity and wideband coverage within a limited space. The director plane directionally guides the signal, reducing signal dispersion in unnecessary directions and focusing energy more effectively. The small gap design of the rectangular metal patches improves impedance matching characteristics within the frequency band. The feeding structure of this invention belongs to the aperture-coupled feeding structure. The aperture-coupled feeding structure includes a slot and a microstrip feed line. The slot in this invention is configured as a rectangular slot 3-5 and a stepped dumbbell-shaped slot that are orthogonal to each other. The stepped dumbbell-shaped slot is set in the orthogonal direction at the center of the rectangular slot 3-5 along the longitudinal central axis. The dumbbell-shaped slot is configured as a multi-level gradually changing stepped slot structure. The longitudinal rectangular slot and the multi-level gradually changing stepped dumbbell-shaped slot form a cross-shaped orthogonal stepped dumbbell-shaped slot in the central area of ​​the ground plane. The stepped dumbbell-shaped slot coincides with the microstrip feed line on the back of the substrate, together forming an aperture-coupled feeding structure. This structure adopts a non-contact design, which can isolate electromagnetic interference between the microstrip feed line and the radiating structure, reduce signal loss, and has excellent wideband impedance matching. It does not require additional conversion devices, which can simplify the antenna structure, reduce costs, adapt to broadband and miniaturization requirements, and has both high radiation efficiency and engineering practicality. The magnetic dipole of this invention is a three-segment 90° bent magnetic dipole, see [link / reference]. Figure 1It consists of three metal patches connected at 90° angles. The three metal patches have the same width but different lengths. In the three-dimensional structure formed by the three bends, the two vertical patches have a differentiated height design with the upper one being longer than the lower one. The horizontal metal patch between them has a different length but the same width as the vertical metal patches. Through the dual structural features of bending and height difference, the entire magnetic dipole ultimately forms an orthogonal stepped plate-like structure of "short and straight at the bottom - horizontal transition - long and straight at the top" within a limited space. That is, it first extends along the plane perpendicular to the substrate component. Subsequently, it bends 90° to both sides and extends along a direction perpendicular to the plane of the substrate component. The three 90° bent magnetic dipoles of this invention allow the current path to extend in a tortuous manner in space, maintaining the total current path length and effective radiation area while significantly reducing the vertical height of the antenna, successfully reducing the magnetic dipole height of approximately 0.25λ0 in the traditional design to 0.18λ0. The stepped plate-like structure has high overall rigidity, and the bending points can be precisely machined to ensure accurate angles. When combined with the substrate and insulating fasteners, it is not easily deformed by vibration or temperature changes. The parasitic structure of this invention is a column-mounted T-shaped patch parasitic structure. The column is cylindrical 4-1, and the center of the cylindrical column is located on the transverse central axis of the antenna. The two T-shaped patches are mounted mirror-symmetrically about the longitudinal central axis of the antenna. The center of the longitudinal support arm 4-2 of the T-shaped patch is installed coinciding with the center of the cylinder. The transverse support arms 4-3 are symmetrically arranged inward. The transverse support arms 4-3 of the two T-shaped patches are smaller than the longitudinal support arms 4-2. The transverse support arms 4-3 are perpendicularly connected to the midpoint of the longitudinal support arm 4-2, and their orientation forms a 90° angle with the longitudinal patch. Specifically, the relationship involves two metal cylinders perpendicular to the substrate component on either side of the outer end of the electric dipole, symmetrically distributed about the longitudinal central axis. When the signal frequencies transmitted by the two parasitic structures and the main radiating structure are close to or equal, the energy transfer efficiency increases dramatically, and the induced current on the surface of the metal pillars and the T-shaped patch increases significantly, forming a resonance effect. This resonance causes the parasitic structure to generate a strong electromagnetic response at that frequency, ultimately increasing the induced current in the overall resonance characteristics, resulting in a lower resonance point and thus increasing the relative bandwidth. The bottom dielectric substrate adopts a cubic design with a dielectric constant of 2.65 and a loss factor of 0.0007. This structure achieves excellent comprehensive performance with ultra-wideband, high gain, low profile, and good impedance matching, which helps to achieve compatibility between multiple communication systems and is suitable for 5G base stations and Wi-Fi 6 / 6E scenarios.

[0032] This invention's director employs a dual-plane patch layout with a fine-pitch parallel arrangement. The feeding structure uses a combination of longitudinal slots, multi-level gradually tapered dumbbell-shaped slots, and microstrip feed lines to form a cross-shaped orthogonal composite, optimizing broadband impedance matching and eliminating probe interference. Three 90° bent magnetic dipole patches, through a height difference design, work in conjunction with electric dipoles to form complementary magnetoelectric dipole pairs. The compact and regular column-mounted T-shaped patch structure couples with the radiating structure, introducing new resonant points at low frequencies and expanding the relative bandwidth. This invention's overall composite optimized design, working collaboratively within a limited space, achieves excellent performance with a relative bandwidth of 108.7%, a peak gain of 11.1 dBi, and a cross-polarization level below -30 dB, covering multiple communication frequency bands.

[0033] This invention addresses the prominent problems of traditional single-polarization magnetoelectric dipole antennas, such as difficulty in balancing bandwidth and gain, complex feeding structures, poor impedance matching, and high manufacturing costs and low efficiency of existing gain enhancement schemes. Utilizing divergent thinking, it proposes a collaborative design approach of "feed optimization + parasitic structure + directional enhancement." A dumbbell-shaped stepped aperture-coupled feeding structure is adopted to replace the traditional coaxial feeding, effectively controlling the antenna's electromagnetic characteristics and current path, introducing a new resonant point, and achieving a relative bandwidth of 108.7% (2.33-7.88 GHz) while simplifying the structure. It is compatible with n38 (2.570-2.620 GHz), n41 (2.496-2.690 GHz), n77 (3.300-4.200 GHz), n78 (3.300-3.800 GHz), and n79. This antenna operates in communication frequency bands such as 4.400-5.000GHz. By loading a parasitic structure onto the outer end of the electric dipole to broaden the bandwidth and adding a director above the magnetoelectric dipole, additional inductance is introduced through the coupling between the radiating structure and the director, increasing the average gain of the operating frequency band to 8.15dBi and the peak gain to 11.1dBi, achieving both low cross-polarization and high gain. It achieves compatibility across multiple communication systems, realizing a high-performance antenna solution with wide bandwidth, high gain, and high reliability. The overall design avoids the high complexity and cost of traditional gain-boosting schemes, while ensuring power supply stability and structural flexibility. It is suitable for multi-user, multi-device coexistence scenarios, meeting the requirements of 5G, satellite communication, and wireless LAN systems for wideband signal transmission.

[0034] Example 2: A high-gain magnetoelectric dipole antenna with a broadband range greater than 100% based on aperture-coupled feeding. The overall scheme is the same as in Example 1. See Example 1. Figure 4 , Figure 4This is a side view of the overall structure of the invention. The invention is designed for magnetic dipoles, specifically employing a three-segment 90° bent magnetic dipole 2. A second metal rectangular patch 2-2, positioned in the middle, is horizontally arranged. The area of ​​the horizontal patch is the product of its long side and its wide side. Along two opposite sides of its wide side, a first metal rectangular patch 2-1 is vertically upward on one side, and a third metal rectangular patch 2-3 is vertically downward on the other side. The long side of the vertically downward third metal rectangular patch 2-3 is connected and fixed to a rectangular perforated metal structure on the upper surface of the floor. From bottom to top, the three metal rectangular patches are welded together as a single unit, all made of copper. The top of the vertically upward first metal rectangular patch is welded and fixed to the electric dipole. From the front view, it appears as a stepped, bent three-dimensional metal structure, forming three 90° bent metal magnetic dipole pairs with different step heights, symmetrically mounted on the substrate component along the longitudinal central axis. The three-segment 90° bent magnetic dipole design reconstructs the antenna structure through spatial folding, allowing current to flow along a tortuous trajectory instead of a traditional planar or straight line. By precisely optimizing the folding parameters, the height is compressed in the vertical direction while ensuring that the total current path length and effective electromagnetic coupling area are not reduced, guaranteeing full excitation of the magnetic dipole radiation modes. Simulation optimization also compensates for impedance shift and maintains good matching. Key effects include: a reduction in vertical height from the traditional 0.25λ0 to 0.18λ0, a reduction of approximately 28% achieving a low profile; stable radiation performance maintaining the original radiation efficiency; easy conformal integration with other antenna elements in the three-dimensional structure, adaptable to space-constrained scenarios such as 5G / 6G and IoT; reduced material usage, lower processing difficulty, improved mechanical strength and environmental adaptability, facilitating mass production and engineering applications. See also Figure 10 , Figure 10 As the antenna prototype of this invention, a nylon rod is used to fix the directional device, resulting in a compact structure suitable for small communication devices. To achieve this electromagnetic performance, this embodiment performs parameterized optimization on the key dimensions of the three 90° bent magnetic dipoles: the thickness of the second metal rectangular patch 2-2 and the two perpendicular first and third metal rectangular patches is 0.5mm, with a fixed range between 0.4mm and 0.7mm; the length of the vertically upward first metal rectangular patch 2-1 is m. h3 =7.2mm, the length of the horizontally placed second metal rectangular patch is m h2 =3.4mm, the length of the third vertically downward metal rectangular patch is m h1 =3.4mm.

[0035] This invention designs the magnetic dipole as a three-section 90° bent three-dimensional metal structure with a horizontal center and vertical sides, forming a compact, spatially folded design. This achieves synergistic optimization of antenna profile reduction and radiation performance, reducing the antenna's vertical height from 0.25λ0 to 0.18λ0 (a reduction of approximately 28%) while maintaining the total current path length and effective radiation area, and stabilizing the excitation of the magnetic dipole's radiation mode. By setting the key dimensions of the first, second, and third metal rectangular patches to 7.2mm, 3.4mm, and 3.4mm respectively, and controlling the thickness within the range of 0.4-0.7mm, precise impedance matching control and stable reproduction of electromagnetic performance are achieved, providing reliable parameter basis for mass production. This three-section bent, integrated welded copper structure enhances the antenna's mechanical stability. The welding and fixing of the vertical patches to the ground plane and electric dipole effectively improves the antenna's assembly reliability and environmental adaptability in complex environments.

[0036] Example 3: A broadband high-gain magnetoelectric dipole antenna with greater than 100% based on aperture-coupled feeding. Same as Examples 1-2, see [link to example 1]. Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the gap structure of the present invention. Specifically, the feed structure in aperture coupling is a structure in which a rectangular gap and a stepped dumbbell-shaped gap are orthogonal to each other. It is composed of rectangular gaps 3-5 and multiple levels of gradually changing stepped dumbbell-shaped gaps in the orthogonal direction. The dumbbell-shaped gap is formed by connecting dumbbell arms 3-4 with multiple levels of gradually changing stepped gaps. Multiple levels of gradually changing stepped gaps are added on both sides of the dumbbell arms 3-4, consisting of a first-level rectangular gap 3-1, a second-level rectangular gap 3-2, and a third-level rectangular gap 3-... The three-tiered rectangular slots, connected laterally, form a unique stepped slot structure with a "short-long-medium" pattern on both sides of the dumbbell arm. The orthogonal cross-shaped slots and microstrip feed lines create a layered coupling structure of front slots and back feed lines. The rectangular slots 3-5 are symmetrically arranged about the longitudinal central axis. As the width of the three-tiered rectangular slots increases, impedance matching characteristics in the high-frequency band can be optimized, and the antenna's operating bandwidth can be widened, reducing reflection losses in different frequency bands and ensuring stable signal transmission within the target communication frequency band. This design allows for precise control of the electromagnetic coupling strength and current path, resulting in multiple performance improvements: optimizing impedance matching characteristics over a wide bandwidth, widening the antenna's operating bandwidth, and reducing signal reflection losses; effectively introducing multiple resonant points, enabling the antenna to cover a wider range of communication frequency bands; simultaneously improving energy coupling efficiency, reducing signal transmission losses, and thus improving antenna gain and radiation efficiency. Furthermore, this structural design is more suitable for miniaturized antenna layouts, optimizing spatial compatibility while ensuring performance, and facilitating stable antenna operation in complex communication scenarios. To achieve the above performance improvements, the key dimensions of the slots are set: the length of the rectangular slots 3-5 is S. l =37mm, width is S w=2.5mm; the length of dumbbell gap arm 3-4 is L1=1mm; the length of the first-level rectangular gap 3-1 is L2=1.8mm, the length of the second-level rectangular gap 3-2 is L3=4.2mm, and the length of the third-level rectangular gap 3-3 is L4=4.0mm. The length of the dumbbell arm is consistent with the width of the three-level rectangular gaps, which is 1.8mm. The whole structure is symmetrically distributed along the longitudinal central axis. The rectangular gaps 3-5 and the transverse multi-level gradually changing stepped dumbbell-shaped gaps form a cross-shaped orthogonal gap structure.

[0037] This invention employs a structure where rectangular slots and stepped dumbbell-shaped slots are orthogonal to each other, effectively altering the electric and magnetic field characteristics of the antenna, adjusting the current path, and introducing new resonant points. A microstrip feed line couples energy to the magnetoelectric dipole antenna through the slots, enabling the magnetoelectric dipole antenna to achieve wide bandwidth while maintaining high gain and low cross-polarization, resulting in excellent radiation performance. This design not only overcomes the complexity of existing coaxial feed structures but also provides excellent impedance matching performance across the entire operating frequency band.

[0038] Example 4: A high-gain magnetoelectric dipole antenna with broadband (greater than 100%) based on aperture-coupled feeding. Same as Examples 1-3, see [link to example]. Figure 1 The parasitic structure of this invention is a pillar-mounted T-shaped patch parasitic structure. Specifically, there is a metal cylinder 4-1 perpendicular to the substrate component on each side of the outer end of the electric dipole, symmetrically distributed about the longitudinal central axis. The two T-shaped patches are formed by welding and fixing two rectangular copper patches of the longitudinal support arm 4-2 and the transverse support arm 4-3 together. The wide side of the transverse support arm 4-3 is perpendicularly connected to the midpoint of the long side of the outer side of the longitudinal support arm 4-2, forming a 90° perpendicular relationship. Both the metal cylinder 4-1 and the T-shaped patches are made of copper. The parasitic structure introduces additional equivalent inductance. These additional reactances and the residual reactance of the main radiating structure form a new secondary LC resonant circuit. Since the equivalent LC value of the secondary circuit is greater than that of the main structure, according to the resonant frequency formula, a lower new resonant point will be generated outside the main resonant point. At the same time, the main radiating structure and the parasitic structure achieve energy synergy through electromagnetic coupling. The two resonant points are adjacent or partially overlapped on the frequency axis. The two originally independent resonant peaks merge into a wider passband, ultimately increasing the overall bandwidth without destroying the inherent resonant characteristics of the main structure. See also Figure 4 In this embodiment 4, the structural dimensions are strictly controlled to achieve better results, wherein the length l of the longitudinal support arm 4-2 is... s1 Precisely controlled within a micrometer-level tolerance range of 7.3-7.4 mm, width l s2 The range is limited to 3.5-3.7mm, and the length of the lateral support arm 4-3 is l. s3 =2.9mm, width l s4=0.9mm, the thickness of both the transverse and longitudinal support arms is t=1mm, the radius of the metal cylinder is r=1.5mm, and the height is H. 11 Precisely controlled within a tolerance range of 12.5-13.5mm, the electrical length of the metal cylinder increases with its height, lowering its inherent resonant frequency and ultimately matching lower-frequency electromagnetic waves. The resonant point generated by the electric dipole shifts to a lower frequency. By controlling this height parameter, the coupling strength of the parasitic structure can be fine-tuned, precisely optimizing the low-frequency response characteristics of the antenna while ensuring the mechanical stability of the structure. The T-shaped patch is welded and fixed to the metal cylinder as a whole. The horizontal distance between the center of the cylinder in each parasitic structure and the outer end of the electric dipole is d=3.5mm. The two parasitic structures are symmetrically distributed about the longitudinal central axis of the substrate component. The parasitic structure and the main radiating structure share the same layout area, achieving performance extension through electromagnetic coupling without increasing the overall size of the antenna.

[0039] This invention achieves optimized excitation and impedance matching of multi-band resonant modes by precisely controlling the dimensions of the longitudinal and transverse arms, as well as the radius and height of the metal cylinder. This allows the additional equivalent inductance introduced by the parasitic structure to form a secondary LC resonant circuit with the residual reactance of the main radiating structure, generating a new, lower resonant point outside the main resonant point. This successfully maintains a stable VSWR across a wide bandwidth by optimizing the excitation and impedance matching of the multi-band resonant modes. Furthermore, the invention achieves energy synergy through electromagnetic coupling between the main radiating structure and the parasitic structure, merging two adjacent or partially overlapping resonant peaks into a wider passband. This increases the overall bandwidth without compromising the inherent resonant characteristics of the main structure. Simultaneously, the invention achieves an optimized balance between wideband performance and structural design through strict matching of the dimensions of each structure, enabling the antenna to maintain high gain and low cross-polarization radiation performance while maintaining a compact structure.

[0040] Example 5: A high-gain magnetoelectric dipole antenna with a broadband bandwidth greater than 100% based on aperture-coupled feeding. Similar to Examples 1-4, the dual-plane patch director structure 5 of this invention is specifically composed of two rectangular copper patches of identical size. Through patch size matching and spacing design, the director generates a resonant frequency slightly higher than that of the main radiating structure. This frequency difference allows the director to guide the radiated electromagnetic waves of the main radiating structure, converging the dispersed electromagnetic energy towards the front of the antenna. The dual-plane symmetrical layout ensures the balance of the guiding effect and avoids energy distribution deviation. The two rectangular metal patches are symmetrical along the transverse central axis of the antenna and have a small spacing of 0.05λ0, where λ0 is the center frequency wavelength. The key dimensions of this dual-plane patch director have been precisely optimized and tolerance-designed: the vertical spacing between the dual-plane patch director and the ground is 0.35λ0; the patch length d... l=16.8mm, while the width is adjustable in the range of 13.5mm to 15.5mm, and the thickness is t=1mm; this dual-plane patch type director is made of metal copper and is fixed above the electric dipole by four nylon rods, parallel and higher than the plane where the electric dipole is located, forming a spatially separated double-layer layout structure.

[0041] This invention employs a dual-plane patch director structure, precisely controlling the length and width of the structure within a reasonable range. This successfully improves the antenna's forward gain, enhances long-distance signal transmission and reception capabilities, improves communication link stability, reduces energy loss in unwanted directions, and minimizes external interference. Furthermore, the symmetrical structural design is compatible with the electromagnetic characteristics of the main antenna, preserving the original wideband resonant characteristics. It achieves gain enhancement while maintaining bandwidth advantages. In addition, the patch structure is compact and compatible with the main antenna's manufacturing process, eliminating the need for additional complex assembly procedures, thus balancing performance improvement with structural practicality.

[0042] Example 6 presents a broadband high-gain magnetoelectric dipole antenna with a feed rate greater than 100%, similar to Examples 1-5. The spacing between the dual-plane patch directors is precisely controlled within a micrometer-level tolerance range of 1.7-1.9 mm. The spacing between the two patches primarily affects gain and impedance matching. Too small a spacing leads to reduced gain and impedance-capacitive mismatch, while too large a spacing causes electromagnetic field coordination failure, gain reduction, and impedance-inductive mismatch. In Example 6, a spacing of d is chosen between the two patches. x =1.8mm, simulation analysis shows that increasing d x Numerical values ​​can improve impedance matching characteristics in the high-frequency band. Based on the dual engineering constraints of high gain and impedance matching, d x The preferred range is 1.7-1.9 mm. After comprehensive evaluation, 1.8 mm was ultimately selected as the optimal value, achieving the best balance between the two. The vertical distance between the lower surface of the director and the floor is strictly controlled between 19 mm and 21 mm. In this example, the vertical distance between the lower surface of the director and the floor is selected as H. d =20mm, with H d As the value increases, the antenna gain in the high-frequency band from 5.3GHz to 7.2GHz will be significantly improved. When Hd is 20mm, both high gain and good impedance matching can be achieved.

[0043] This invention utilizes a tiny spacing d between two rectangular metal patches in a dual-plane patch-type director structure. x Precisely controlled within the range of 1.7-1.9mm, see [reference]. Figure 3 , Figure 3This is a top view of the overall structure of the invention. The spacing allows the two symmetrically distributed rectangular copper patches to form a stable coupling gap. The core principle lies in the fact that this spacing range can precisely control the electromagnetic coupling strength between the director and the main radiating structure. By precisely controlling the vertical distance between the lower surface of the director and the ground, the equivalent radiation height of the antenna and the interference characteristics of the ground-reflected wave are directly affected. d When the diameter is controlled within a reasonable range of 20-22mm, the directional energy guided by the director can be positively superimposed with the electromagnetic waves reflected from the ground, enhancing the radiation field strength directly in front, while suppressing stray radiation in the reverse and lateral directions, further optimizing the energy concentration effect, and achieving the best balance between electromagnetic performance and structural compactness. This invention solves the technical problem of single-polarized antennas being unable to simultaneously achieve high gain, low stray radiation and excellent impedance matching in a wide frequency band, and ultimately achieves comprehensive optimization of electromagnetic performance in a compact structure.

[0044] The electric dipole of this invention consists of two rectangular horizontal patches of the same size, symmetrically arranged along the center of the antenna. The magnetic dipole consists of two sets of folded metal patches, each set consisting of two vertical metal patches of different lengths connected to a horizontally placed metal patch. Magnetic dipoles are symmetrically arranged below the two electric dipoles along the center of the antenna. The feeding structure of this invention consists of an etched central rectangular slot, stepped dumbbell-shaped slots on both sides, and a microstrip line. The parasitic structure consists of two sets of cylindrical T-shaped patch metal structures, each set consisting of a metal cylinder and a T-shaped horizontal patch. The directional device consists of two rectangular metal patches placed above the magnetoelectric dipole antenna at a certain distance apart. The present invention has a relative bandwidth of 108.7%, a maximum gain of 11.1 dBi, and a cross-polarization electrical average of less than -30 dB. While maintaining broadband performance, it can have high gain, cover multiple communication frequency bands, and has good radiation characteristics. It can better meet the needs of modern communication multi-band high-performance transmission, realize compatibility between multiple communication systems, and can be used in 5G base stations and Wi-Fi 6 / 6E scenarios.

[0045] Example 7, a high-gain magnetoelectric dipole antenna with a broadband range greater than 100% based on aperture-coupled feeding, is described in further detail with reference to Examples 1-6, illustrating the overall structure of the present invention.

[0046] See Figure 1 The present invention discloses a high-gain magnetoelectric dipole antenna with a broadband bandwidth greater than 100% based on aperture-coupled feeding, comprising an electric dipole 1, a magnetic dipole 2, an aperture-coupled feeding structure 3, a parasitic structure 4, a director 5, a dielectric substrate 6, and a ground plane.

[0047] The electric dipole of the present invention is composed of two rectangular horizontal patches 1 of the same size, which have different lengths and widths but the same thickness, and are symmetrically arranged along the longitudinal central axis of the antenna.

[0048] The magnetic dipole of this invention is a three-segment 90° bent magnetic dipole 2, comprising three metal patches connected at 90° angles. The three metal patches have the same width but different lengths. The second rectangular metal patch 2-2, located in the middle, is horizontally positioned, with an area equal to the product of its length and width. Along its two opposite sides, a first rectangular metal patch 2-1 is positioned vertically upward on one side, and a third rectangular metal patch 2-3 is positioned vertically downward on the other side. The long side of the third rectangular metal patch 2-3 is connected and fixed to a rectangular perforated metal structure on the upper surface of the floor. In the three-dimensional structure formed by three bends, the two vertical patches adopt a differentiated height design with the upper patch being longer than the lower patch. The horizontal metal patch between them has a different length but the same width as the vertical metal patch. Through the dual structural features of bending and height difference, this structure enables the entire magnetic dipole to ultimately form an orthogonal stepped plate-like structure of "short and straight lower part - horizontal transition - long and straight upper part" within a limited space. That is, it first extends along the plane perpendicular to the substrate component, then bends 90° towards the plane, and then extends again along the plane perpendicular to the substrate component. The three-segment 90° bent magnetic dipole of this invention compresses the vertical height of the antenna, achieving the low profile requirement, and its unique bending configuration significantly enhances the overall rigidity. This design optimizes the current distribution, effectively extends the electrical length, and thus obtains more stable radiation characteristics and a lower resonant frequency within a compact physical space.

[0049] See Figure 2 The aperture-coupled feed structure 3 of this invention consists of rectangular slots 3-5 and stepped dumbbell-shaped slots that are orthogonal to each other. The stepped dumbbell-shaped slots are arranged orthogonally in the center of the rectangular slots 3-5 along the longitudinal central axis. The dumbbell-shaped slots are configured as multi-level gradually changing stepped slot structures. The longitudinal rectangular slots and the multi-level gradually changing stepped dumbbell-shaped slots form a cross-shaped orthogonal stepped dumbbell-shaped slot in the center region of the ground plane. The stepped dumbbell-shaped slots coincide with the microstrip feed line on the back of the substrate, together forming the aperture-coupled feed structure. The three-level rectangular slots 3-1, 3-2, and 3-3 have the same length but different widths and are symmetrically distributed along the center of the antenna ground plane. The dumbbell arm 3-4 has the same width as the three-level rectangular slots. By using three rectangular slots with varying lengths, multi-level parallel resonances in the equivalent circuit are introduced. These resonant points are precisely dimensionally controlled to be appropriately separated and overlapped in frequency, thereby continuously expanding the impedance bandwidth. Its direct effect is that the feeding structure can excite smoother and wider electromagnetic field coupling, enabling the antenna to achieve stable and good impedance matching throughout the entire operating frequency band, and ultimately achieving high-efficiency energy transmission while maintaining wide bandwidth characteristics.

[0050] In feed structure 3, the width of microstrip feed line 3-6 is F. lw=1.8mm, the length F extending from the left side of the floor and beyond the center of the floor. lt =8.9mm.

[0051] The parasitic structure of this invention is a parasitic structure 4 of a column-mounted T-shaped patch, consisting of a metal cylinder 4-1, a longitudinal support arm 4-2 of the T-shaped patch, and a transverse support arm 4-3. The center of the cylindrical column is located on the transverse central axis of the antenna. The two T-shaped patches are mounted mirror-symmetrically about the longitudinal central axis of the antenna. The center of the longitudinal support arm 4-2 of the T-shaped patch coincides with the center of the cylinder. The transverse support arms 4-3 are symmetrically arranged inwards. The transverse support arms 4-3 of the two T-shaped patches are smaller than the longitudinal support arms 4-2. The wide side of the transverse support arm 4-3 is perpendicularly connected to the midpoint of the long side of the outer side of the longitudinal support arm 4-2, forming a 90° perpendicular relationship. Both the metal cylinder 4-1 and the T-shaped patches are made of copper. The metal cylinder and the T-shaped patches of this structure constitute an inductive load, effectively reducing its resonant frequency and introducing an additional coupling path, ultimately significantly expanding the operating bandwidth without increasing the physical size of the antenna.

[0052] The director of this invention is a dual-plane patch director 5, composed of two identical rectangular metal patches arranged in parallel with a small gap. These two identical rectangular metal patches form the director plane, which is parallel to and higher than the plane containing the electric dipole. They are symmetrically arranged horizontally along the transverse central axis, with the two rectangular metal patches spaced at a small gap of 0.05λ0 along the transverse central axis and a vertical spacing of 0.35λ0 (λ0 is the center frequency wavelength). Through its fixed size and spatial position, the director couples with the electromagnetic field generated by the electric dipole, thereby altering the original near-field distribution. This structure redistributes radiated energy, making its radiation more concentrated. The final effect is a significant improvement in the antenna's radiation gain.

[0053] See Figure 1 The length of the rectangular horizontal metal patch 1 of the electric dipole of the present invention is p. l =19mm, width is pw=19.5mm, and the gap between the two rectangular horizontal metal patches 1 is S=7.7mm.

[0054] Reference Figure 4 The magnetic dipole of the present invention is a three-segment 90° bent magnetic dipole, and the length of the first vertically upward metal rectangular patch 2-1 is m. h3 =7.2mm, the length of the horizontally placed second metal rectangular patch is m h2 =3.4mm, the length of the third vertically downward metal rectangular patch is m h1=3.4mm. The spacing between the magnetic dipoles symmetrical about the central axis is S=7.7mm, and the thickness of the second metal rectangular patch 2-2 and the two perpendicular first and third metal rectangular patches is 0.5mm.

[0055] See Figure 3 The length of the central rectangular gap 3-5 in the power supply structure 3 of the present invention is S. l =37mm, width is S w =2.5mm, the three-level rectangular slots of the stepped dumbbell-shaped slots distributed symmetrically along the center have the same width w=1.8, and the lengths are L2=1.8mm, L3=4mm, and L4=4.2mm respectively. The width of dumbbell arm 3-4 is the same as that of the three-level rectangular slots, and the length is L1=1mm. The antenna is excited by energy coupling through the slots using microstrip lines. Aperture coupling technology is used to simplify the complexity of the feed network and change the current distribution to increase the bandwidth.

[0056] See Figure 3 In the parasitic structure 4 of the present invention, the length of the transverse support arm 4-3 of the T-shaped horizontal patch is l. s3 =2.9mm, width l s4 =0.9mm, the length of the longitudinal support arm 4-2 is l s1 =7.38mm, width l s2 =3.6mm, the thickness of both the transverse and longitudinal supports is t=1mm, and the radius of the metal cylinder is r=1.5mm. The height of the metal cylinder in parasitic structure 4 is H. 11 =13mm, and the horizontal distance between the center of the cylinder in each parasitic structure and the outer end of the electric dipole is d=3.5mm.

[0057] See Figure 3 In the director 5 of the present invention, the width of the dual-plane patch structure is d. l =16.8mm, length is d w =14.5mm, the height of the lower surface of the dual-plane patch structure from the ground is H d =20mm, the spacing between the biplane patches is d x =1.8mm. Due to the coupling between the radiating structure and the top structure, additional inductance and capacitive reactance are introduced, thus improving the impedance matching of the antenna and increasing the gain in the high-frequency band.

[0058] See Figure 1The electric dipole, magnetic dipole, aperture-coupled feed structure, parasitic structure, and director of this invention are integrally mounted on a dielectric substrate 6 with a length and width of G=100mm and a thickness of t=1mm and a floor. The bottom dielectric substrate has a cubic design with a dielectric constant of 2.65 and a loss factor of 0.0007. The substrate with these parameters was chosen because the lower dielectric constant effectively broadens the operating bandwidth, and the extremely low dielectric loss significantly improves radiation efficiency and gain.

[0059] This invention is a comprehensive technical solution. Its main idea is to use two identical rectangular horizontal patches to form an electric dipole, and two sets of folded rectangular metal patches to form a magnetic dipole. Specifically, it modifies the traditional vertical magnetic dipole shape, connecting a horizontal rectangular metal patch with two vertical rectangular metal patches to form a magnetic dipole, aiming to reduce the profile height of the magnetoelectric dipole antenna. By improving the feeding structure—specifically, etching symmetrical stepped dumbbell-shaped slots on both sides of the central rectangular slot—the antenna's input impedance can be adjusted, allowing the antenna to match the transmission line impedance at different frequencies, thereby effectively improving impedance matching and further expanding the antenna bandwidth. Furthermore, adding metallic parasitic structures on both sides of the magnetoelectric dipole, through energy coupling with the radiating patches, introduces new resonant points at 2.4GHz and 2.8GHz, effectively extending the antenna's operating frequency range. Furthermore, a director consisting of two rectangular metal patches is added above the antenna. Due to the coupling between the radiating structure and the top structure, additional inductance and capacitance reactance are introduced, thus improving the antenna's impedance matching and increasing the gain in the high-frequency band. These improvements alter the antenna's resonant characteristics and impedance matching, allowing the antenna to generate a new resonant point at low frequencies. This effectively extends the antenna's bandwidth and increases the average gain of the operating frequency band from 5.1 dBi to 8.15 dBi, with a peak gain of 11.1 dBi. The antenna operates in the frequency range of 2.33 GHz to 7.88 GHz, achieving a relative bandwidth of 108.7%, capable of covering multiple communication frequency bands.

[0060] The technical effects of the present invention will be further explained below in conjunction with simulation experimental results and data.

[0061] Example 8: A broadband high-gain magnetoelectric dipole antenna with a feed rate greater than 100% based on aperture coupling is the same as in Examples 1-7.

[0062] Simulation conditions: Using Ansoft HFSS electromagnetic simulation software, a broadband high-gain magnetoelectric dipole antenna with a bandwidth greater than 100% based on aperture-coupled feeding, simulation analysis was performed. During the simulation, the frequency range of 2.0 GHz to 8.0 GHz was set, the free space environment was simulated with radiation boundary conditions, the core components of the antenna were defined with ideal copper material, and a coaxial wave port feeding consistent with reality was adopted. The focus was on scanning and calculating the antenna's current distribution, S-parameters, gain, and cross-polarization. The experimental results and data verified the performance of the antenna of this invention.

[0063] Simulation Content: This embodiment of the invention presents a high-gain magnetoelectric dipole antenna with a broadband bandwidth greater than 100% based on aperture-coupled feeding. Experiments and analyses are conducted on the current distribution diagrams of the antenna at different frequency points. Specifically, simulations are performed at four specific frequency points: 2.8 GHz, 4.6 GHz, 6.5 GHz, and 7.5 GHz. The simulation results correspond to the following... Figure 7 (a) Figure 7 (b) Figure 7 (c) Figure 7 As shown in (d).

[0064] Simulation results and analysis: See Figure 7 (a), Figure 7 (a) shows the current distribution of the antenna of the present invention at an operating frequency of 2.8 GHz. The current is mainly concentrated in the parasitic structure region, exhibiting strong current accumulation. See the high-value red area in the figure. This indicates that at this frequency, the parasitic structure and the main radiating structure of the antenna form an effective coupling, and the concentrated current distribution ensures the energy transmission and radiation effect in this frequency band. See [reference needed] Figure 7 (b) Figure 7 (b) The current is mainly concentrated on the electric dipole, indicating that at the 4.6 GHz operating frequency, the electric dipole structure becomes the core region of current resonance. This current distribution demonstrates that the antenna of this invention achieves efficient energy radiation and transmission through the current resonance of the electric dipole at 4.6 GHz; the current concentration of the electric dipole ensures the current resonance strength in this frequency band, thereby ensuring the antenna's operational effectiveness at this frequency, reflecting the antenna structure's adaptability to multiple frequencies and the crucial role of the electric dipole at this frequency. See also Figure 7 (c) Figure 7 In (c), the current is mainly concentrated on the magnetic dipole. Figure 7 In (c), the current mainly concentrates on the magnetic dipole, exhibiting a distribution trend towards the magnetic dipole structure. The high-value region of current density closely matches the structural morphology of the magnetic dipole, demonstrating a clear "magnetic dipole-centric" distribution characteristic. This indicates that at the 6.5 GHz operating frequency, the magnetic dipole becomes the dominant structure for current resonance. See also Figure 7(d) Figure 7 (d) The current exhibits a trend of multi-regional coordinated distribution, with relatively obvious current distributions on the antenna's electric dipoles, magnetic dipoles, and directors. No single structure exhibits absolute current concentration dominance, demonstrating the characteristic of multiple structures jointly participating in current resonance. Through the guidance and convergence of the current by the directors, the current resonance and coupling effects in multiple regions are enhanced, achieving efficient current distribution in the high-frequency band within a wide bandwidth. The participation of the directors not only optimizes the spatial distribution of the current but also effectively improves the antenna's energy concentration capability and radiation directivity.

[0065] comprehensive Figure 7 As shown in (a) to (d), the current distribution of the antenna of this invention gradually transitions from local concentration in the parasitic structure to single-structure dominant resonance of electric dipoles and magnetic dipoles as the frequency increases from 2.8 GHz to 7.5 GHz. Ultimately, it evolves into a distribution pattern of multi-structure synergistic coupling of electric dipoles, magnetic dipoles, and the director, exhibiting a trend of evolution from single-structure dominance to multi-structure synergy, and from local concentration to directional convergence. This change reflects that the antenna of this invention can achieve effective current concentration and resonance at different frequency points through key structures such as parasitic structures, electric dipoles, magnetic dipoles, and directors. Experiments verify that this invention maintains good energy transmission and radiation characteristics throughout the entire operating frequency band, ensuring efficient transmission and reception of signals in each frequency band. Within the wide frequency range of 2.8 GHz to 7.5 GHz, the antenna can operate stably in multiple frequency bands through targeted resonance of different structures and multi-structure synergistic coupling, meeting the application requirements of multi-band communication systems. This eliminates the need to design separate antennas for different frequency bands, reducing system integration difficulty and cost. The current at each frequency point is concentrated in the corresponding key radiation and coupling structure, reducing ineffective current dispersion and improving the energy conversion efficiency from feeding to radiation. Especially in the high-frequency band, the energy focusing and guiding effect of the director further enhances the antenna gain and radiation directivity, enabling longer signal transmission distances and higher receiving sensitivity. The evolution of the current distribution precisely corresponds to the antenna's structural design, demonstrating that the structural layout of this invention can achieve efficient electromagnetic control over a wide frequency range. It ensures independent and stable resonant performance in each frequency band while broadening the overall operating bandwidth of the antenna through the synergistic interaction between different structures, fully showcasing the scientific rationality and innovative breakthroughs of this invention.

[0066] Example 9: A broadband high-gain magnetoelectric dipole antenna with a feed rate greater than 100% based on aperture coupling, similar to Examples 1-7. The reflection coefficient S of the antenna in this example is... 11 Perform simulation.

[0067] The simulation conditions are the same as in Example 8.

[0068] Simulation content: This invention presents a broadband high-gain magnetoelectric dipole antenna with a feed rate greater than 100% based on aperture coupling. The antenna's reflection coefficient is [not specified] in the frequency range of 2GHz-8GHz. Perform a simulation and plot the simulation results as curves. The simulation results are as follows: Figure 8 As shown.

[0069] Simulation results and analysis: See Figure 8 , Figure 8 This is a reflection coefficient curve of the antenna of the present invention from 2GHz to 8GHz, where the horizontal axis represents frequency (GHz), covering the frequency band from 2GHz to 8GHz; and the vertical axis represents the reflection coefficient. (dB) reflects the impedance matching performance of the antenna. The smaller the value, the better the impedance matching. As can be seen from the figure, with... As an impedance matching criterion, the antenna of this invention not only meets the condition at 3.4GHz, 5.1GHz, 6.5GHz, and 7.5GHz, but also introduces two new resonant points at 2.4GHz and 2.8GHz, ultimately forming an operating frequency range of 2.33GHz-7.88GHz, with a calculated relative bandwidth of 108.7%. See also... Figure 8 , Figure 8 The mid-curve shows that the resonant points around 3.4GHz, 5.1GHz, and 6.5GHz demonstrate the antenna's good impedance matching in the low-frequency band; around 7.5GHz, the S... 11 The impedance matching performance is excellent, dropping below -35dB. The introduction of new resonant points at 2.4GHz and 2.8GHz further expands the low-frequency matching range, and the curve near 2.4GHz again meets the requirement of S11 < -10dB, ensuring effective matching in the low-frequency band. Due to the addition of the new resonant points, the antenna of this invention broadens its operating bandwidth, exhibiting excellent impedance matching characteristics in the 2.33GHz-7.88GHz wideband. Its multi-band coverage can accurately adapt to multiple wireless communication needs, not only verifying the antenna structure design's adaptability to wideband operation but also providing high-performance antenna support for multi-band communication systems that combines reliability and practicality.

[0070] Example 10: A high-gain magnetoelectric dipole antenna with a broadband range greater than 100% based on aperture-coupled feeding, similar to Examples 1-7. This example simulates the gain of the antenna of the present invention in the 2-8 GHz range.

[0071] The simulation conditions are the same as in Example 8.

[0072] Simulation content: This invention presents a broadband high-gain magnetoelectric dipole antenna with a feed rate greater than 100% based on aperture coupling. The antenna gain is simulated in the frequency range of 2GHz-8GHz, and the simulation results are presented in the form of curves.

[0073] Simulation results and analysis: See Figure 9 , Figure 9 This is a gain-frequency simulation curve of the present invention. The horizontal axis of the curve represents the operating frequency from 2GHz to 8GHz, and the vertical axis represents the gain (dBi), used to measure the antenna's radiation capability at different frequencies. The higher the gain value, the better the radiation performance. At the starting point of the operating frequency band, 2.33GHz, the gain is approximately 8dBi, indicating that the antenna has a high radiation capability at the beginning of the frequency band. In the frequency band of 3.5GHz-4.32GHz, the gain reaches a peak of approximately 11.1dBi near 2.4GHz. Although it then drops slightly, in the frequency band of 2.45GHz-4.3GHz, the gain fluctuates slightly but remains above 4.4dBi overall, reflecting the basic stability of the antenna's radiation capability in this range. In the frequency band of 4.3GHz-7.88GHz, the gain shows a stable and high performance, maintaining above 9dBi for most of the time. The presence of peak gain indicates that the antenna's structural design within the corresponding frequency band achieves efficient energy concentration and directional radiation, possessing excellent high-gain radiation capabilities. This characteristic can enhance signal transmission distance and target identification sensitivity in scenarios such as 5G communication and radar detection, improve system performance stability, and adapt to fields with rigid requirements for high gain. Simultaneously, it reduces signal attenuation and optimizes system energy efficiency, demonstrating significant practical technical value. The antenna of this invention achieves full-band high-gain coverage from the beginning of the 2.33GHz-7.88GHz frequency band to the high-frequency band, forming a gain characteristic of high initial gain, stable wideband gain, and outstanding peak gain. It can accurately meet the various requirements of multi-band communication systems for antenna gain performance, demonstrating outstanding application value and technological innovation.

[0074] Example 11: A high-gain magnetoelectric dipole antenna with a broadband bandwidth greater than 100% based on aperture-coupled feeding, similar to Examples 1-7. This example simulates the radiation pattern of the antenna at different frequencies.

[0075] The simulation conditions are the same as in Example 8.

[0076] Simulation content: This invention discloses a high-gain magnetoelectric dipole antenna with a broadband range greater than 100% based on aperture-coupled feeding. The radiation patterns of the antenna are simulated at four frequency points: 2.8 GHz, 4.6 GHz, 6.5 GHz, and 7.5 GHz. The simulation results are plotted as curves, corresponding to the following... Figure 11 (a) Figure 11 (b) Figure 11 (c) Figure 11 As shown in (d).

[0077] Simulation results and analysis: See Figure 11 , Figure 11This is the simulated radiation pattern of the antenna at four frequency points in the simulation experiment of this invention. Figure 11 The different scale values ​​on the left side of the graph represent the gain values ​​of different circles in the corresponding radiation pattern, in dBi. The curve marked with a solid black line represents the simulated principal polarization curve of the E-plane, the curve marked with a dashed blue line represents the simulated cross-polarization curve of the E-plane, the curve marked with a solid red line represents the simulated principal polarization curve of the H-plane, and the curve marked with a dashed green line represents the simulated cross-polarization curve of the H-plane. Figure 11 (a) shows the radiation pattern at 2.8 GHz. Figure 11 (b) shows the radiation pattern at 4.6 GHz. Figure 11 (c) shows the radiation pattern at 6.5 GHz. Figure 11 (d) shows the radiation pattern at 7.5 GHz. From Figure 11 As can be seen, the antenna of the present invention has good symmetry in the radiation patterns of the E-plane and H-plane. At the simulated frequency points, the cross-polarization of the antenna is less than -30dB, indicating that the antenna of the present invention has good radiation characteristics.

[0078] In summary, the high-gain magnetoelectric dipole antenna with a broadband range greater than 100% based on aperture-coupled feeding, as presented in this invention, effectively solves the technical challenge of simultaneously achieving broadband and high-gain performance in a simple single-polarization magnetoelectric dipole antenna. Furthermore, its improved feeding structure overcomes the common technical problems of broadband impedance mismatch at high frequencies and insufficient stability in traditional designs. The antenna structure of this invention includes an electric dipole, a magnetic dipole, an aperture-coupled feeding structure, a parasitic structure, a director, a nylon rod, a dielectric substrate, and a ground plane. The three-segment 90° bent magnetic dipole of this invention achieves a balance between performance and volume through spatial structure optimization: it is composed of three metal patches of the same width but different lengths connected sequentially at 90° angles. The two vertical patches employ a differentiated height design with the top being longer than the bottom, while the middle horizontal metal patch has a different length but the same width as the vertical patches. Through the dual design of bending and height difference, the magnetic dipole forms an orthogonal stepped plate structure within a limited space, characterized by a short, straight lower section, a horizontal transition, and a long, straight upper section. This structure is both compact and optimizes electromagnetic radiation characteristics. The aperture-coupled feeding structure of this invention is the core innovation for ensuring impedance matching stability. It employs an orthogonal combination of rectangular slots and stepped dumbbell-shaped slots. In the center of the rectangular slot along the longitudinal central axis, multiple levels of gradually changing stepped dumbbell-shaped slots are orthogonally arranged, forming a cross-shaped orthogonal stepped structure in the central region of the ground plane. This special slot design precisely coincides with the microstrip feed line on the back of the substrate, forming an efficient aperture-coupled feeding mechanism. This significantly solves the high-frequency mismatch problem and achieves broadband performance and good impedance matching. The pillar-mounted T-pattern parasitic structure of this invention effectively broadens the antenna bandwidth. It employs a combination of a cylindrical pillar and a T-pattern. The center of the cylindrical pillar is precisely aligned with the antenna's transverse central axis. The two T-patterns are mounted in a mirror-symmetrical manner about the antenna's longitudinal central axis, and the center of the longitudinal arm of the T-pattern completely coincides with the center of the cylinder. The transverse arms are symmetrically arranged inwards, and their dimensions are smaller than the longitudinal arms. This structure can introduce new resonant points in the low-frequency band, significantly expanding the antenna's relative bandwidth.

[0079] The feeding structure of this invention employs orthogonal rectangular slots and stepped dumbbell-shaped slots to form a cross-shaped orthogonal stepped dumbbell-shaped slot. This slot forms an aperture-coupled feeding structure with the microstrip feed line on the back of the substrate. The stepped dumbbell-shaped slot and the cross-shaped orthogonal slot dimensions provide multiple independently adjustable parameters, allowing for more precise adjustment of the antenna radiation impedance compared to a single slot, achieving good matching over a wide frequency range and reducing reflection loss. The magnetic dipole of this invention employs a three-segment 90° bent magnetic dipole, consisting of three metal patches connected at 90° intervals. In the three-dimensional structure formed by the three bends, the two vertical patches feature a differentiated height design with the upper patch being longer than the lower patch. The horizontal metal patch between them has a different length but the same width as the vertical metal patches. This structure, through the dual structural features of bending and height difference, allows the entire magnetic dipole to ultimately form an orthogonal stepped plate-like structure of "short and straight lower part - horizontal transition - long and straight upper part" within a limited space. That is, it first extends along a plane perpendicular to the substrate component, then bends 90° towards the plane, and then extends again along a plane perpendicular to the substrate component. This design achieves low-profile integration of the magnetic dipole, optimizes the magnetic field distribution through three-dimensional layout and size differentiation, and improves radiation efficiency and pattern stability. At the same time, the uniform patch width facilitates manufacturing, eliminates complex connection structures, and has high space utilization, making it suitable for various low-profile, high-integration antenna applications. The parasitic structure of the pillar-mounted T-pattern of this invention consists of a metal cylinder and a T-pattern, disposed at the outer end of an electric dipole. The metal cylinder can be equivalent to a vertically extending low-impedance transmission segment, and the T-pattern increases the effective electrical length of the parasitic unit. The synergistic effect of these two components allows the parasitic structure to generate new resonances in the low-frequency band. The principle is to extend the equivalent current path of the overall radiation system, lower the resonant frequency, and allow the electric dipole, which originally only resonated at the mid-frequency, to form a current distribution that satisfies the resonance condition at an even lower frequency band through the coupling excitation of the parasitic unit. This ultimately expands the low-frequency operating bandwidth of the antenna, enabling it to cover communication needs in lower frequency bands. Simultaneously, the coupling method between the parasitic structure and the electric dipole is gentle, without significantly damaging the original high-frequency radiation performance, ensuring impedance matching and radiation stability of the antenna over a wide frequency range. Furthermore, the structure is compact, highly integrated, and does not occupy excessive additional space. The dual-plane patch director of this invention forms a parallel director plane that is higher than the electric dipole, arranged with a small pitch. Variations in the vertical distance from the floor alter the electromagnetic coupling strength between the director, the electric dipole, and the ground, and adjust the director's control over the electric dipole current distribution. This effectively reduces signal reflection loss and improves energy transmission efficiency. Simultaneously, energy is concentrated in the main radiation direction, effectively increasing antenna gain. Furthermore, the adjustable height allows the antenna to adapt to different installation scenarios, maintaining a compact structure while ensuring impedance stability and radiation performance over a wide frequency range.This invention's antenna is compatible with Sub-6GHz 5G core frequency bands (2.3GHz, 3.5GHz, 4.9GHz, etc.), 2.4 / 5GHz WLAN, and UWB related frequency bands. It eliminates the need for separate antenna designs for different frequency bands, reducing the number of antennas in devices, lowering hardware size and cost. Simultaneously, it maintains stable impedance matching and radiation performance across the entire frequency band, ensuring communication continuity and transmission efficiency. Its applications are wide-ranging, adaptable to consumer electronics and communication terminals such as mobile phones, AR / VR devices, and 5G CPEs. It meets the low-latency, high-reliability communication requirements of industrial IoT and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, and can also be used in dual-band Wi-Fi devices, UWB high-precision positioning devices, and emergency communication terminals. Covering the wireless communication and data transmission needs of multiple fields and standards, it provides a high-performance antenna solution for the collaborative development of multiple generations of communication technologies.

[0080] The above description is merely an example of the present invention and does not constitute any limitation on the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can conceive of possible variations and modifications to the technical solutions of the present invention using the methods and techniques disclosed above, without departing from the spirit and content of the present invention. Therefore, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solutions of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-gain magnetoelectric dipole antenna with a broadband range greater than 100% based on aperture-coupled feeding, comprising an electric dipole, a magnetic dipole, an aperture-coupled feeding structure, a parasitic structure, a director, a nylon rod, a dielectric substrate, and a ground plane. A ground plane of the same size as the dielectric substrate is covered above the surface of the dielectric substrate, collectively referred to as a substrate component. A slot is etched symmetrically about the origin along the longitudinal central axis at the geometric center of the upper surface of the ground plane. A microstrip feed line is arranged on the back of the dielectric substrate, extending from the origin along the transverse central axis, forming a perpendicular intersection with the rectangular slot. A bent magnetic dipole pair is located directly above the substrate component and symmetrically installed about the longitudinal central axis. A rectangular planar electric dipole pair is installed directly above the magnetic dipole pair, forming a complementary magnetoelectric dipole pair. Two parasitic structures are respectively located at the outer ends of the two electric dipoles along the same axis, symmetrically distributed about the longitudinal central axis. A director is located at the center above the electric dipole. The antenna is characterized in that… The director is a dual-plane patch director, consisting of two identical rectangular metal patches arranged in parallel with a small gap to form the director plane. The director plane is parallel to and higher than the plane where the electric dipole is located, and is symmetrically arranged horizontally along the transverse central axis, fixed with nylon rods. The feeding structure is an aperture-coupled feeding structure, which includes slots and microstrip feed lines. The slots are orthogonal to each other, consisting of rectangular slots and stepped dumbbell-shaped slots. The stepped dumbbell-shaped slots are arranged in the orthogonal direction at the center of the rectangular slots. The dumbbell-shaped slots are multi-level gradually changing stepped slot structures. The longitudinal rectangular slots and the multi-level gradually changing stepped dumbbell-shaped slots form a cross-shaped orthogonal stepped dumbbell-shaped slot in the center area of ​​the floor. The stepped dumbbell-shaped slots coincide with the microstrip feed lines on the back of the substrate, together forming the aperture-coupled feeding structure. The magnetic dipole is a three-segment 90° bent magnetic dipole, consisting of three metal patches at 90° angles. The three metal patches are connected in a series of bends, each with the same width but different lengths. In the three-dimensional structure formed by the three bends, the two vertical patches have a differentiated height design with the upper part longer than the lower part. The horizontal metal patch between them has a different length but the same width as the vertical metal patches. Through the dual structural features of bending and height difference, the entire magnetic dipole ultimately forms an orthogonal stepped plate-like structure of "short and straight lower part - horizontal transition - long and straight upper part" within a limited space. The parasitic structure is a parasitic structure of a column-mounted T-shaped patch. The column is cylindrical, and the center of the cylindrical column is located on the transverse central axis of the antenna. The two T-shaped patches are installed symmetrically about the longitudinal central axis of the antenna. The center of the longitudinal support arm of the T-shaped patch coincides with the center of the cylinder. The transverse support arms are symmetrically arranged inward. The transverse support arms of the two T-shaped patches are smaller than the longitudinal support arms. The two parasitic structures introduce new resonant points at low frequencies, increasing the relative bandwidth.

2. The high-gain magnetoelectric dipole antenna with broadband bandwidth greater than 100% based on aperture-coupled feeding according to claim 1, characterized in that, The three 90° bent magnetic dipoles have a second rectangular metal patch positioned horizontally in the middle. Along its two opposite sides, one side has a first rectangular metal patch pointing vertically upwards, and the other side has a third rectangular metal patch pointing vertically downwards. The long side of the third rectangular metal patch pointing downwards is connected to and fixed to a rectangular perforated metal structure on the upper surface of the floor. The length of the first rectangular metal patch pointing vertically upwards is m. h3 =7.2mm, the length of the horizontally placed second metal rectangular patch is m h2 =3.4mm, the length of the third vertically downward metal rectangular patch is m h1 =3.4mm, from bottom to top, three metal rectangular patches are welded together as one piece, all made of copper. The top of the first metal rectangular patch, which is vertically upward, is welded to the electric dipole. The thickness of the stepped metal rectangular patches is 0.5mm. Together, they form three 90° bent metal magnetic dipole pairs with different step heights, which are symmetrically mounted on the substrate component along the longitudinal central axis.

3. A high-gain magnetoelectric dipole antenna with broadband bandwidth greater than 100% based on aperture-coupled feeding according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feed structure gap in the aperture coupling is an orthogonal structure of rectangular gaps and stepped dumbbell-shaped gaps. The dumbbell-shaped gap is formed by connecting dumbbell arms with multi-level gradually changing stepped gaps. Multi-level gradually changing stepped gaps are added on both sides of the dumbbell arms, consisting of a first-level rectangular gap, a second-level rectangular gap, and a third-level rectangular gap connected laterally. The three levels of rectangular gaps form a "short-long-medium" stepped gap structure that varies laterally on both sides of the dumbbell arms. The rectangular gaps are symmetrically arranged about the longitudinal central axis. The length of the rectangular gap is S. l =37mm, width is S w =2.5mm; the length of the dumbbell gap arm is L1=1mm; the length of the first-level rectangular gap is L2=1.8mm, the length of the second-level rectangular gap is L3=4.2mm, the length of the third-level rectangular gap is L4=4.0mm, and the length of the dumbbell arm is consistent with the width of the three-level rectangular gap at 1.8mm, and the whole is symmetrically distributed along the longitudinal central axis.

4. A high-gain magnetoelectric dipole antenna with broadband bandwidth greater than 100% based on aperture-coupled feeding according to claim 1, characterized in that, The parasitic structure of the column-mounted T-shaped patch consists of two T-shaped patches welded together by two rectangular copper patches of a longitudinal support arm and a transverse support arm. The wide side of the transverse support arm is perpendicularly connected to the midpoint of the long side of the outer side of the longitudinal support arm, forming a 90° perpendicular relationship. Both the metal cylinder and the T-shaped patches are made of copper. The length of the longitudinal support arm is l. s1 =7.38mm, width l s2 =3.6mm, the length of the lateral support arm is l s3 =2.9mm, width l s4 =0.9mm, the thickness of both the transverse and longitudinal support arms is t=1mm, the radius of the metal cylinder is r=1.5mm, and the height is H. 11 =13mm, the T-shaped patch is welded and fixed to the metal cylinder as one piece, the distance between the center of the cylinder and the outer end of the electric dipole in the horizontal direction of each parasitic structure is d=3.5mm, and the two parasitic structures are symmetrically distributed about the longitudinal central axis of the substrate component.

5. A high-gain magnetoelectric dipole antenna with broadband bandwidth greater than 100% based on aperture-coupled feeding according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dual-plane patch director structure has two rectangular metal patches symmetrically spaced along the transverse central axis of the antenna with a small gap of 0.05λ0, where λ0 is the center frequency wavelength. The vertical distance between the dual-plane patch director and the ground is 0.35λ0; its length d l =16.8mm, width d w =14.5mm, thickness t=1mm; This dual-plane patch type director is made of metal copper and is fixed above the electric dipole by four nylon rods, parallel to and higher than the plane where the electric dipole is located, forming a spatially separated double-layer layout structure.

6. A high-gain magnetoelectric dipole antenna with broadband bandwidth greater than 100% based on aperture-coupled feeding according to claim 5, characterized in that, The spacing between dual-plane patch directors is d x =1.8mm, and the vertical distance between the lower surface of the director and the floor is H. d =21mm.

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